Chronology - Quarter 4 2001

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2001 October 1 -
  • Space and Missile Systems Center and Los Angeles AFB transferred from Air Force Materiel Command to Air Force Space Command. Nation: USA. References: 569.
2001 October 1 -
  • Air Force Space Command activated 460th Air Base Wing at Buckley AFB, Colorado. Nation: USA. References: 569.
2001 October 3 - 09:00 GMT - Launch Site: Plesetsk. Launch Complex: LC158. Launch Vehicle: Topol. Model: Topol'.
  • Topol Operational Test mission Nation: Russia. Agency: RVSN. Apogee: 1,000 km (600 mi). References: 1850.
2001 October 5 - 21:21 GMT - Launch Site: Vandenberg. Launch Complex: SLC4. Launch Pad: SLC4E. Launch Vehicle: Titan 4B. Model: Titan 404B. LV Configuration: Titan 404B B-34.
  • USA 161 Nation: USA. Payload: EIS-2. Mass: 16,650 kg (36,700 lb). Class: Surveillance. Type: Military. Spacecraft: Improved Crystal. Manufacturer: Lockheed Martin Space Systems, Astronautics?. Agency: National Reconnaissance Office (U.S.). Perigee: 150 km (90 mi). Apogee: 1,050 km (650 mi). Inclination: 97.90 deg. COSPAR: 2001-044A. USAF Sat Cat: 26934. Launch delayed from September 25, October1. National Reconnaissance Office payload that was placed into a sun-synchronous orbit. It was speculated that the payload was an Improved Crystal imaging satellite. That would imply an operational orbit of 150 x 1050 km x 97.9 deg orbit. The satellite belonged to the National Reconnaissance Office's fleet of Earth Imaging System (EIS) satellites. A BBC website reported a resolution of 10 cm in the images. (A commonly used name for the EIS satellites was Advanced Keyhole.) The first member of the EIS fleet was USA 144 (1999-028A), launched in May 1999.References: 4, 296.
2001 October 6 - 16:45 GMT - Launch Site: Baikonur. Launch Complex: LC81. Launch Pad: LC81/24. Launch Vehicle: Proton 8K82K / 11S861. Model: Proton-K/DM-2.
  • Raduga-1 Nation: Russia. Payload: Globus 2 / Raduga 1-6. Mass: 2,000 kg (4,400 lb). Class: Communications. Type: Military. Spacecraft: Raduga-1. Manufacturer: NPO Prikladnoy Mekhaniki. Agency: VKS (Russia). Perigee: 35,770 km (22,220 mi). Apogee: 35,801 km (22,245 mi). Inclination: 0.90 deg. Period: 1,436.00 min. COSPAR: 2001-045A. USAF Sat Cat: 26936. The Blok-DM2 upper stage put the Russian geosynchronous military communications satellite into a geosynchronous transfer orbit at 1755 GMT. A second burn at 2318 GMT to circularized the orbit at geostationary altitude. As of 2007 Mar 10 located at 106.48E drifting at 9.104W degrees per day.References: 4, 296.
2001 October 8 - 14:20 GMT -
  • EVA ISS EO-3-1 Nation: USA. Program: ISS. Class: Manned. Type: Spaceplane. Crew: Dezhurov, Tyurin. Flight: ISS EO-3. EVA Duration: 0.21 days. The cosmonauts made the spacewalk from the Pirs module. The crew installed the Strela crane on the outside of Pirs and jettisoned some thermal covers. There was some difficulty in closing the Pirs hatch. power to repress (NASA rules). References: 4.
2001 October 11 - 02:32 GMT - Launch Site: Cape Canaveral. Launch Complex: LC36. Launch Pad: SLC36B. Launch Vehicle: Atlas IIAS. Model: Atlas IIAS. LV Configuration: Atlas IIAS AC-162.
  • USA 162 Nation: USA. Payload: Aquila / MLV-12. Mass: 3,600 kg (7,900 lb). Class: Communications. Type: Military. Spacecraft: SDS-3. Agency: U.S. Air Force (U.S.). COSPAR: 2001-046A. USAF Sat Cat: 26948. The Atlas AC-162 Centaur entered a 176 x 907 km x 28.2 deg parking orbit at 0242 GMT and then made a second burn to deploy its payload in a 274 x 37538 km x 26.5 deg geostationary transfer orbit at 0301 GMT. USA 162 was rumoured to be a data relay satellite used to return data from imaging satellites similar to the one launched on October 5 2001. It was also possible that the satellite is a signals intelligence payload. The satellite is owned and operated by the National Reconnaissance Office (NRO).References: 4, 296.
2001 October 15 - 09:17 GMT -
  • EVA ISS EO-3-2 Nation: USA. Program: ISS. Class: Manned. Type: Spaceplane. Crew: Dezhurov, Tyurin. Flight: ISS EO-3. EVA Duration: 0.24 days. The cosmonauts attached the Kromka contamination experiment and two Japanese exposure experiments to the hull of the Zvezda module. The Russian flag on Zvezda was retrieved for an exposure study and replaced with a commercial logo. References: 4.
2001 October 18 - 09:00 GMT - Launch Complex: White Se. Launch Vehicle: R-29. Model: Shtil. LV Configuration: Shtil' VMF RF.
  • R-29 Operational Test mission Nation: Russia. Agency: VMF. Apogee: 1,000 km (600 mi). Launched from a Russian submarine in the White Sea Launch Area off Arkhangelsk - Latitude: 65.5 N, Longitude:38 E. References: 1850.
2001 October 18 - 18:51 GMT - Launch Site: Vandenberg. Launch Complex: SLC2. Launch Pad: SLC2W. Launch Vehicle: Delta 7000. Model: Delta 7320-10. LV Configuration: Delta 7320-10 D288.
  • QuickBird Nation: USA. Payload: QuickBird 2. Mass: 980 kg (2,160 lb). Class: Surveillance. Type: Civilian. Spacecraft: QuickBird. Manufacturer: Ball Aerospace & Technology. Agency: DigitalGlobe (formerly EarthWatch, U.S.). Perigee: 460 km (280 mi). Apogee: 464 km (288 mi). Inclination: 97.20 deg. COSPAR: 2001-047A. USAF Sat Cat: 26953. The QuickBird commercial imaging satellite was owned by DigitalGlobe (formerly EarthWatch) and used a Ball BCP2000 bus with a launch mass of 1028 kg and a dry mass of about 995 kg. The Delta upper stage entered a 185 x 472 km x 98.1 deg orbit at 1902 GMT. At 1948 GMT it reached apogee and fired again to deploy QuickBird into a 461 x 465 km x 97.2 deg orbit. The Delta then made a series of unusual depletion burns, lowering its perigee to 167 km and changing inclination to 108.9 deg.

    Quickbird 2 was to be operational after a few months of calibration and "ground-truth" checkouts to market high resolution images. The 1.0 tonne satellite was reported to be capable of images with a resolution as small as 0.6 meter, though the standard products were to be coarser. Unlike the comparable quality images from IKONOS images, some of which are currently marketed exclusively to the US military, all Quickbird 2 images may be available in the open market.References: 4, 296.

2001 October 21 - 08:59 GMT - Launch Site: Baikonur. Launch Complex: LC1. Launch Pad: LC1. Launch Vehicle: Soyuz 11A511U. Model: Soyuz 11A511U. LV Configuration: Soyuz 11A511U 672.
  • Soyuz TM-33 Nation: Russia. Program: ISS. Payload: Soyuz TM 11F732 s/n 207. Mass: 6,750 kg (14,880 lb). Class: Manned. Type: Spacecraft. Spacecraft: Soyuz TM. Manufacturer: Energia. Agency: RAKA. Perigee: 388 km (241 mi). Apogee: 399 km (247 mi). Inclination: 51.60 deg. COSPAR: 2001-048A. USAF Sat Cat: 26955. Duration: 195.79 days. Decay Date: 2002-05-05. Crew: Afanasyev, Kozeyev, Andre-Deshays. Flight: ISS EP-2. Soyuz TM-33, an ISS lifeboat, carried two Russian and one French cosmonaut to the International Space Station (ISS). It docked with the ISS at 10:00 UT on 23 October. This new crew spent eight days on the ISS, and returned on the older Soyuz TM-32 at 03:59 UT on 31 October. The new Soyuz was to remain docked as a lifeboat craft for the long-term ISS crew of three (two Russian and one American) astronauts. On May 5, 2002, after a week aboard the station, the visting Soyuz TM-34 crew moved to the old Soyuz TM-33, docked at the Pirs port. They undocked at 0031:08 UTC on May 5, leaving the EO-4 crew of Onufrienko, Walz and Bursch with the new Soyuz TM-34 as their rescue vehicle. Soyuz TM-33 made its deorbit burn at 0257 UTC and landed successfully at 0352 UTC 25 km SE of Arkalyk.References: 4, 296.
2001 October 22 - 04:53 GMT - Launch Site: Sriharikota. Launch Complex: PSLV. Launch Pad: PSLV. Launch Vehicle: PSLV. Model: PSLV. LV Configuration: PSLV-C3.
  • TES Nation: India. Mass: 1,108 kg (2,442 lb). Class: Surveillance. Type: Military. Spacecraft: TES. Manufacturer: ISRO. Agency: ISRO (India). Perigee: 550 km (340 mi). Apogee: 579 km (359 mi). Inclination: 97.80 deg. COSPAR: 2001-049A. USAF Sat Cat: 26957. Launch delayed from July 20. The PS4 upper stage deployed the 1108 kg Indian TES (Technology Experiment Satellite) into a sun-synchronous orbit at 05:09:10 GMT. TES was an imaging satellite equipped with cameras and instruments to test military reconnaissance satellite technology. It was probably based on the IRS remote sensing satellite and carried a one-meter resolution panchromatic camera. India decided to develop an independent indigenous reconnaissance satellite capability after the 1999 incursion of Pakistani troops into disputed territory in Kashmir caught it by surprise. TES was developed by ISRO, the Indian Space Research Organization.References: 4, 296.
  • PROBA Nation: Europe. Mass: 1,108 kg (2,442 lb). Class: Earth. Type: Landsat. Spacecraft: PROBA. Manufacturer: ISRO. Agency: ISRO (India). Perigee: 553 km (343 mi). Apogee: 677 km (420 mi). Inclination: 97.90 deg. COSPAR: 2001-049B. USAF Sat Cat: 26958. Proba (PRoject for On-Board Autonomy, 1) was a European Space Agency technology development minisatellite with a mass of 94 kg. It carried a radiation detector, an IR spectrometer, debris impact detectors, Earth imaging cameras, and an experimental spacecraft processor for spacecraft autonomy experiments. The satellite was built by Verheart in Belgium using the MiniSIL bus developed by SI of England, and was controlled from Belgium. After release of the TES and BIRD satellites, the PS4's upper stage small RCS engines raised the orbit to 553 x 676 km, and PROBA was ejected at 0520 GMT.References: 4, 296.
  • BIRD Nation: Germany. Mass: 1,108 kg (2,442 lb). Class: Earth. Type: Landsat. Spacecraft: BIRD. Manufacturer: ISRO. Agency: ISRO (India). Perigee: 551 km (342 mi). Apogee: 580 km (360 mi). Inclination: 97.80 deg. COSPAR: 2001-049C. USAF Sat Cat: 26959. BIRD (Bispectral IR Detector) was a 94 kg German research minisatellite testing a new sensor for Earth imaging studies, detecting forest fires and other hot spots and studying vegetation changes. BIRD was released by the PS4 upper stage 40 seconds after the primary TES satellite payload had been deployed. The technology demonstrator was to help in the design a major remote sensing array of infrared detectors.References: 4, 296.
2001 October 25 - 11:34 GMT - Launch Site: Plesetsk. Launch Complex: LC43. Launch Pad: LC43/3. Launch Vehicle: Molniya 8K78M. Model: Molniya 8K78M. LV Configuration: Molniya 8K78M 77013-687.
  • Molniya-3-52 Nation: Russia. Mass: 1,900 kg (4,100 lb). Class: Communications. Type: Military. Spacecraft: Molniya-3. Manufacturer: NPO Prikladnoy Mekhaniki. Agency: VKS (Russia). Perigee: 646 km (401 mi). Apogee: 40,658 km (25,263 mi). Inclination: 62.90 deg. COSPAR: 2001-050A. USAF Sat Cat: 26970. Launch delayed from October 11. The Molniya-3 military communications satellite and Block ML upper stage were inserted into an initial 214 x 617 km x 62.8 deg parking orbit at 1143 GMT. At apogee over the South Pacific, the BOZ ullage motor fired and separated, then the ML main engine ignited and put the Molniya-3 satellite into its 615 x 40659 km x 62.8 deg operational orbit with apogee over the northern hemisphere.References: 4, 296.
2001 October 26 - 12:33 GMT - Launch Site: Baikonur. Launch Complex: LC175. Launch Vehicle: UR-100N. Model: UR-100NU.
  • UR-100N Operational missile test Nation: Russia. Agency: RVSN. Apogee: 1,000 km (600 mi). References: 1188.
2001 October 30 - 02:31 GMT - Launch Site: Woomera. Launch Vehicle: Terrier Orion. LV Configuration: Terrier Mk 70 Orion T-Orion 5A. FAILURE: Failure.
  • Terrier Orion Hyshot 1 'Hilary' Technology mission Nation: Australia. Agency: UQU. Apogee: 100 km (60 mi). First launch attempt in the HyShot Flight Program. The scramjet payload was to be used to verify pressure measurements made of supersonic combustion in The University of Queensland's T4 shock tunnel by those made in an actual flight. A failure of stabilising fins meant that the rocket fell far short of the planned 330-km apogee and the scramjet experiment was not conducted.References: 846.
2001 October 31 -
  • Landing of Soyuz TM-32 Nation: Russia. Program: ISS. Flight: ISS EP-2. The EP-2 crew - Afanasyev, Kozeyev and Andre-Deshays - undocked Soyuz TM-32 from the Pirs module at 01:38:30 GMT on October 31. The deorbit burn was at 04:04 GMT, with landing 180 km southeast of Dzhezkazgan at 04:59:26 GMT. This left the Expedition-3 crew of Culbertston, Dezhurov and Tyurin with Soyuz TM-33, docked with the Zarya module, as the station lifeboat.
2001 November 1 - 15:20 GMT - Launch Site: Plesetsk. Launch Complex: LC158. Launch Vehicle: Topol M.
  • Topol M Operational Test mission Nation: Russia. Agency: RVSN. Apogee: 1,000 km (600 mi). Topol ICBM test launched from Plesetsk to Kamchatka. References: 1874.
2001 November 2 -
  • Namibia Tracking Station Completed Nation: China. Spacecraft: Shenzhou. China completed construction of a tracking, telemetry and command station in Swakopmund, Namibia, Africa. References: 424, 460.
2001 November 7 - 08:15 GMT - Launch Site: Vandenberg. Launch Complex: LF04. Launch Vehicle: Minuteman 3. LV Configuration: Minuteman 3 GT175GB.
  • Minuteman 3 GT176GM Functional Dependency gate operational test launch Nation: USA. Agency: USAF AFSPC. Apogee: 1,300 km (800 mi). Successful Minuteman 3 operational test flew from Vandenberg to Kwajalein. References: 1823.
2001 November 9 -
  • STARS missile defense target vehicle failure. Nation: USA. A suborbital STARS missile defense target (Polaris with Orbus-1 upper stage) was destroyed during launch from Kodiak. References: 4.
2001 November 12 - 21:41 GMT -
  • EVA ISS EO-3-3 Nation: USA. Program: ISS. Class: Manned. Type: Spaceplane. Crew: Culbertson, Dezhurov. Flight: ISS EO-3. EVA Duration: 0.22 days. The spacewalk was made from the Pirs module. The astronauts completed external connections for the module and finished setting up the Kurs rendezvous system. References: 4.
2001 November 16 -
  • Genesis, L1 Orbit Insertion Spacecraft: Genesis.
2001 November 26 - 18:24 GMT - Launch Site: Baikonur. Launch Complex: LC1. Launch Pad: LC1. Launch Vehicle: Soyuz FG. Model: Soyuz-FG. LV Configuration: Soyuz-FG F15000-002 / ISS-6P.
  • Progress M1-7 Nation: Russia. Program: ISS. Payload: Progress M1 s/n 256. Mass: 7,250 kg (15,980 lb). Class: Manned. Type: Logistics. Spacecraft: Progress M1. Manufacturer: Energia. Agency: Rosaviakosmos (Russia). Perigee: 230 km (140 mi). Apogee: 244 km (151 mi). Inclination: 51.60 deg. COSPAR: 2001-051A. USAF Sat Cat: 26983. Duration: 113.29 days. Decay Date: 2002-03-20. Flight: ISS EO-3. ISS Servicing flight. Launch delayed from November 14. The Progress M1-7 Russian automatic cargo carrier soft docked with the International Space Station Zvezda module at 1943 GMT on Nov 28. The docking probe retracted, but the eight peripheral latches would not engage. It turned out that a rubber seal had been left on the docking ring by Progress M-45. Cosmonauts from aboard the station cleared the debris in a spacewalk on December 3. As they watched from a few meters away Progress M1-7 was commanded to a hard dock with the station. NASA referred to this flight as `Progress 6'. It delivered 2.5 tonnes of food, fuel and equipment to the station, as well as a microsatellite named Kolibri. The Expedition 4 crew finished loading trash into Progress M1-7 on 19 March 2002, and it undocked from Zvezda's aft port at 1743 UTC. The Kolibri-2000 microsatellite was ejected from the Progress cargo compartment at 2228 UTC; Progress fired its engines to deorbit over the Pacific at about 0127 UTC on Mar 20.References: 4, 296.
2001 November 27 - 00:35 GMT - Launch Site: Kourou. Launch Complex: ELA2. Launch Pad: ELA2. Launch Vehicle: Ariane 44LP. Model: Ariane 44LP. LV Configuration: Ariane 44LP-3 V146.
  • DirecTV 4S Nation: USA. Program: DirecTV. Mass: 4,245 kg (9,358 lb). Class: Communications. Spacecraft: HS 601. Manufacturer: Boeing Satellite Systems. Agency: DirecTV. Perigee: 35,780 km (22,230 mi). Apogee: 35,793 km (22,240 mi). Inclination: 0.00 deg. Period: 1,436.10 min. COSPAR: 2001-052A. USAF Sat Cat: 26985. The DirecTV-4S television broadcasting satellite was placed by the Ariane 44LP booster into a geostationary transfer orbit. The satellite had a dry mass of 2100 kg and a launch mass of 4300 kg. The satellite was to provide more than 300 local TV channels to 41 metropolitan communities through its 11 C-band transponders after parking over 101-W longitude. As of 2007 Mar 9 located at 101.14W drifting at 0.005W degrees per day.References: 4, 296.
2001 December 1 - 18:04 GMT - Launch Site: Baikonur. Launch Complex: LC81. Launch Pad: LC81/24. Launch Vehicle: Proton 8K82K / 11S861. Model: Proton-K/DM-2.
  • Cosmos 2380 Nation: Russia. Payload: Glonass 790. Mass: 1,415 kg (3,119 lb). Class: Navigation. Spacecraft: Glonass. Manufacturer: NPO Prikladnoy Mekhaniki. Agency: KNITs (Russia). Perigee: 19,114 km (11,876 mi). Apogee: 19,146 km (11,896 mi). Inclination: 64.90 deg. Period: 675.70 min. COSPAR: 2001-053A. USAF Sat Cat: 26987. Three navigation satellites of the GLONASS system were launched to replenish the constellation. This was the second end-of-year replenishment launch since 2000. References: 4, 296.
  • Cosmos 2381 Nation: Russia. Payload: Glonass 789. Mass: 1,415 kg (3,119 lb). Class: Navigation. Spacecraft: Glonass. Manufacturer: NPO Prikladnoy Mekhaniki. Agency: KNITs (Russia). Perigee: 19,074 km (11,852 mi). Apogee: 19,185 km (11,920 mi). Inclination: 64.90 deg. Period: 675.70 min. COSPAR: 2001-053B. USAF Sat Cat: 26988. References: 4, 296.
  • Cosmos 2382 Nation: Russia. Payload: Glonass-M 711. Mass: 1,480 kg (3,260 lb). Class: Navigation. Spacecraft: Glonass. Manufacturer: NPO Prikladnoy Mekhaniki. Agency: KNITs (Russia). Perigee: 19,104 km (11,870 mi). Apogee: 19,156 km (11,902 mi). Inclination: 64.90 deg. Period: 675.70 min. COSPAR: 2001-053C. USAF Sat Cat: 26989. First launch of the Uragan-M improved model GLONASS satellite. References: 4, 296, 552, 554.
2001 December 3 - 13:20 GMT -
  • EVA ISS EO-3-4 Nation: USA. Program: ISS. Class: Manned. Type: Spaceplane. Crew: Dezhurov, Tyurin. Flight: ISS EO-3. EVA Duration: 0.12 days. The cosmonauts exited from the Pirs airlock and then moved to the aft end of the Zvezda module. They identified debris preventing Progress M1-7 from docking as a rubber O-ring from the Progress M-45 docking system. At 1453 GMT the debris was removed. A minute later ground controllers successfully commanded the Progress M1-7 to complete a hard docking. References: 4.
2001 December 4 - 04:59 GMT - Launch Site: Vandenberg. Launch Complex: LF06. Launch Vehicle: Minuteman 2. Model: Minotaur 2. LV Configuration: Minuteman 2 TLV-2 IFT-7.
  • Minuteman 2 IFT-7 GMDS target mission Nation: USA. Agency: USAF AFSPC. Apogee: 1,600 km (900 mi). Instead of Lockheed Martin’s Multi-Service Launch System, Orbital’s Target Launch Vehicle was used (both being versions of surplus Minuteman 2 ICBM's). The target set, a mock warhead and a single decoy, did not change. References: 1874.
2001 December 4 - 05:20 GMT - Launch Site: Kwajalein. Launch Complex: Meck. Launch Vehicle: Payload Launch Vehicle. Model: Minuteman 2 PLV. LV Configuration: Minuteman 2 PLV IFT-7.
  • Payload Launch Vehicle IFT-7 EKV ABM Test mission Nation: USA. Agency: USA SSDC. Apogee: 225 km (139 mi). Successful ABM intercept test, a repeat of IFT-6. References: 1823.
2001 December 5 - 22:19 GMT - Launch Site: Cape Canaveral. Launch Complex: LC39. Launch Pad: LC39B. Launch Vehicle: Shuttle. Model: Space Shuttle. LV Configuration: Space Shuttle STS-108.
  • STS-108 Nation: USA. Program: ISS. Payload: Endeavour F17 / Raffaello. Mass: 105,000 kg (231,000 lb). Class: Manned. Type: Spaceplane. Spacecraft: Endeavour. Manufacturer: Boeing. Agency: NASA. Perigee: 353 km (219 mi). Apogee: 377 km (234 mi). Inclination: 51.60 deg. Period: 91.80 min. COSPAR: 2001-054A. USAF Sat Cat: 26995. Duration: 11.82 days. Decay Date: 2001-12-17. Crew: Gorie, Kelly Mark, Godwin, Tani, Onufrienko, Bursch, Walz. Flight: STS-108, ISS EO-4. ISS Logistics flight, launch delayed from November 30 and December 4. Gorie, Kelley, Godwin, Tani, Onufrikeno, Bursch, Walz STS-108 flew the UF-1 Utilization Flight mission to the International Space Station. The UF designation distinguished this from earlier Station flights which were considered assembly flights. The shuttle would deliver the Expedition-4 crew of Onufrikeno, Bursch, and Walz to the station and return the Expedition-3 crew to earth. In addition to the crew swap, UF-1 brought supplies to the Station aboard the Raffaello module, and Godwin and Tani conducted a spacewalk to add thermal blankets to the gimbals on the Station's solar arrays. Endeavour reached an orbit of approximately 58 x 230 km (according to the NASA PAO) at 2228 GMT. At 2259 GMT it fired its OMS engines to raise perigee to 225 km. Mass after OMS-2 was 114,692 kg. Endeavour soft docked with the International Space Station at 2003 GMT on December 7. Problems with aligning the vehicles delayed hard dock until 20:51 GMT, and the hatch was opened at 22:43 GMT. The Raffaello module was unberthed from Endeavour at 1701 GMT on December 8 and berthed to the Unity module of the station at 1755 UTC.

    STS-108 cargo bay payload was dominated by the Raffaello (MPLM-2) logistics module with 4 RSP and 8 RSR resupply racks. Also in the cargo bay were the MACH-1 and LMC experiment trusses flown under the Goddard small payloads program. MACH-1 was an MPESS-type Hitchhiker bridge carrying the CAPL-3 capillary thermal control experiment on top. On its forward side was the Starshine-2 launch canister, the CAPL-3 avionics plate, the Hitchhiker avionics plate, and the SEM-15 canister. On the aft side was the G-761 canister containing experiments from Argentina, the PSRD synchrotron detector (a prototype for the AMS antimatter experiment which will fly on Station later), and the COLLIDE-2 and SEM-11 canisters. The SEM (Space Experiment Modules) are collections of high school experiments. LMC, the Lightweight MPESS Carrier carried four canisters with materials science and technology experiments: SEM-12, G-785, G-064 and G-730. In addition, an adapter beam on the starboard sidewall carried G-221 and G-775, with materials science and biology experiments.

    Raffaello was transferred back to the Shuttle payload bay on December 14. Endeavour undocked from the Station at 17:28 UTC on December 15 and made a half loop around the station before making a small separation burn at 1822 UTC. The Starshine-2 reflector satellite was ejected from the MACH-1 bridge in Endeavour's payload bay at 1502 UTC on December 16. Endeavour landed on runway 15 at Kennedy Space Center at 1755 UTC on December 17. The Expedition 3 crew of Culbertson, Dezhurov and Tyurin returned to Earth aboard Endeavour, leaving the Expedition 4 crew of Onufrienko, Bursch and Walz in charge of the Station.References: 4, 296, 552, 554.

2001 December 6 - 03:20 GMT - Launch Site: White Sands. Launch Complex: LC36. Launch Vehicle: Black Brant. Model: Black Brant IX. LV Configuration: Black Brant IX NASA 36.188UL.
  • Black Brant WISP comet study Ultraviolet Astronomy mission Nation: USA. Agency: NASA GSFC. Apogee: 300 km (180 mi). References: 1884.
2001 December 7 - 15:07 GMT - Launch Site: Vandenberg. Launch Complex: SLC2. Launch Pad: SLC2W. Launch Vehicle: Delta 7000. Model: Delta 7920-10. LV Configuration: Delta 7920-10 D289.
  • Jason 1 Nation: France. Payload: TPFO. Mass: 485 kg (1,069 lb). Class: Earth. Type: Ionosphere. Spacecraft: Jason. Manufacturer: Alcatel Space. Agency: CNES (France), NASA (U.S.). Perigee: 1,332 km (827 mi). Apogee: 1,344 km (835 mi). Inclination: 66.10 deg. Period: 112.40 min. COSPAR: 2001-055A. USAF Sat Cat: 26997. Oceanography satellite, launch delayed from August 10 and September 15. Jason 1 was a joint mission between CNES (the French space agency) and NASA/JPL, following on the Topex satellite which carried the Poseidon sea surface altimeter. Jason carried Poseidon 2, as well as orbital tracking experiments and a microwave radiometer which measured the amount of water vapor, allowing path delay errors to be calibrated. The satellite used the Alcatel Proteus bus and had a dry mass of 472 kg plus 28 kg of hydrazine propellant. The JASON/TIMED mission's Boeing Delta 7920-10C second stage reached an initial orbit of 215 x 1343 km x 66.2 deg at 1517 GMT. A second burn at 1559 GMT circularized at apogee to 1320 x 1330 km x 66.0 deg, and the Jason 1 satellite was ejected at 1602 GMT.References: 4, 296, 552, 554.
  • TIMED Nation: USA. Mass: 485 kg (1,069 lb). Class: Solar. Spacecraft: TIMED. Manufacturer: Alcatel Space. Agency: CNES (France), NASA (U.S.). Perigee: 623 km (387 mi). Apogee: 624 km (387 mi). Inclination: 74.10 deg. Period: 97.20 min. COSPAR: 2001-055B. USAF Sat Cat: 26998. TIMED was the first NASA Solar Terrestrial Probe, operated by Johns Hopkins Applied Physics Lab to study the thermosphere, mesosphere and lower ionosphere. TIMED was built in-house at APL and had a mass of 587 kg; the project was managed at NASA-Goddard. It measured solar and auroral energy input, atmospheric cooling rates, and atmospheric composition, temperature and wind profiles.

    Five minutes after deploying the JASON satellite, the DPAF adapter atop the Delta upper stage separated to reveal the TIMED satellite inside it. Burn 3 at 1614 GMT put Delta/TIMED in a descending 636 x 1330 km x 71.3 deg orbit; at perigee at 1706 GMT a fourth burn circularized the orbit at 627 x 640 km x 74.1 deg and TIMED was ejected six minutes later. A final depletion burn left the Delta stage in a low perigee orbit.References: 4, 296, 552, 554.

2001 December 9 - Launch Site: Cape Canaveral. Launch Complex: ETR. Launch Pad: SLBM Launch Area. Launch Vehicle: Trident C-4. LV Configuration: Trident C-4 FCET-52.
  • Trident C-4 Operational Test mission Nation: USA. Agency: USN. Apogee: 1,000 km (600 mi). References: 1774.
2001 December 9 - Launch Site: Cape Canaveral. Launch Complex: ETR. Launch Pad: SLBM Launch Area. Launch Vehicle: Trident C-4. LV Configuration: Trident C-4 FCET-52.
  • Trident C-4 OT-III (218) operational test launch Nation: USA. Agency: USN. Apogee: 1,000 km (600 mi). References: 1774.
2001 December 9 - Launch Site: Cape Canaveral. Launch Complex: ETR. Launch Pad: SLBM Launch Area. Launch Vehicle: Trident C-4. LV Configuration: Trident C-4 FCET-52.
  • Trident C-4 OT-III (221) operational test launch Nation: USA. Agency: USN. Apogee: 1,000 km (600 mi). References: 1774.
2001 December 9 - Launch Site: Cape Canaveral. Launch Complex: ETR. Launch Pad: SLBM Launch Area. Launch Vehicle: Trident C-4. LV Configuration: Trident C-4 FCET-52.
  • Trident C-4 Operational Test mission Nation: USA. Agency: USN. Apogee: 1,000 km (600 mi). References: 1774.
2001 December 10 - 17:18 GMT - Launch Site: Baikonur. Launch Complex: LC45. Launch Pad: LC45/1. Launch Vehicle: Zenit-2. Model: Zenit-2. LV Configuration: Zenit-2 19L (1381573091).
  • Meteor-3M Nation: Russia. Payload: Meteor 3M-N1. Mass: 2,500 kg (5,500 lb). Class: Earth. Type: Weather. Spacecraft: Meteor-3M. Manufacturer: VNIIEM. Agency: Rosaviakosmos (Russia). Perigee: 996 km (618 mi). Apogee: 1,015 km (630 mi). Inclination: 99.70 deg. COSPAR: 2001-056A. USAF Sat Cat: 27001. Meteorology satellite. Launch postponed from late 2000, then delayed from November30. The Meteor-3M weather satellite carried visible and IR sensors as well as NASA's SAGE III instrument which studied aerosols and the ozone layer. This was the first launched of a modernised version of the spacecraft. Launch be Zenit launch vehicle from Baikonur rather than Tsyklon 3 from Plesetsk allowed the spacecraft to be 350 kg heavier, carrying additional sensors and various piggy-back payloads.References: 4, 296, 552, 554.
  • Kompas Nation: Russia. Mass: 80 kg (176 lb). Class: Earth. Type: Seismology. Spacecraft: Kompas. Manufacturer: Makeyev. Agency: Rosaviakosmos (Russia). Perigee: 996 km (618 mi). Apogee: 1,015 km (630 mi). Inclination: 99.70 deg. COSPAR: 2001-056B. USAF Sat Cat: 27002. The Russian Kompas satellite, built by Makeyev for the IZMIRAN geophysics institute, was an 80 kg satellite with a magnetometer and other sensors designed to attempt prediction of earthquakes. The satellite was originally built for use on the Shtil rocket.References: 4, 296, 552, 554.
  • Badr B Nation: Pakistan. Mass: 70 kg (154 lb). Class: Surveillance. Type: Military. Spacecraft: Badr. Manufacturer: SIL. Agency: Rosaviakosmos (Russia). Perigee: 996 km (618 mi). Apogee: 1,015 km (630 mi). Inclination: 99.70 deg. COSPAR: 2001-056C. USAF Sat Cat: 27003. Badr B was Pakistan's second satellite. Built in collaboration with the English company SIL, it had a mass of 70 kg and carried an Earth imager. References: 4, 296, 552, 554.
  • Maroc-Tubsat Nation: Morocco. Mass: 45 kg (99 lb). Class: Technology. Spacecraft: Tubsat. Manufacturer: Technical University of Berlin. Agency: Rosaviakosmos (Russia). Perigee: 996 km (618 mi). Apogee: 1,015 km (630 mi). Inclination: 99.70 deg. COSPAR: 2001-056D. USAF Sat Cat: 27004. Maroc-Tubsat was built by the Technical University of Berlin for the Centre Royal de Teledetection Spatiale, Morocco, and had a mass of 47 kg. It carried an imager and a store-forward communications test payload. The satellite measured 32x34x36,2 cm and was still in operation as of 2003.References: 4, 296, 552, 554.
  • Reflektor Nation: Russia. Mass: 8.00 kg (17.60 lb). Class: Technology. Spacecraft: Reflektor. Manufacturer: NII KP. Agency: Rosaviakosmos (Russia). Perigee: 996 km (618 mi). Apogee: 1,015 km (630 mi). Inclination: 99.70 deg. COSPAR: 2001-056E. USAF Sat Cat: 27005. The 8 kg Reflektor was built by NII KP in Russia for space debris studies in a joint experiment with the Air Force Research Lab. The satellite consisted of of four triangular fins on a square base plus a deployable boom, with an array of laser retroreflectors. The satellite was 1.4 m long and 0.5 m wide but only 6 kg in mass. It will be used to calibrate laser imaging systems and other optical sensors.References: 4, 296, 552, 554.
2001 December 10 - 17:49 GMT -
  • EVA STS-108-1 Nation: USA. Program: ISS. Class: Manned. Type: Spaceplane. Crew: Godwin, Tani. Flight: STS-108. EVA Duration: 0.17 days. The astronauts exited from the Shuttle's airlock and installed thermal blankets on the International Space Stations's P6 solar array gimbal motor bearings, which were distorting due to temperature changes. The blankets were installed by 2010 GMT; after failing to engage a solar array latch, the crew moved on to retrieve tools for the next mission and returned to the airlock. References: 4.
2001 December 12 - 05:11 GMT - Launch Site: Balasore. Launch Vehicle: Prithvi.
  • Prithvi-2 Test mission Nation: India. Agency: IDRDL. Apogee: 100 km (60 mi). References: 1823.
2001 December 13 - 18:15 GMT - Launch Site: Vandenberg. Launch Complex: LF21. Launch Vehicle: GBI. LV Configuration: GBI BV-3. FAILURE: Failure.
  • GBI GMDS BVT-3 Test mission Nation: USA. Agency: USAF. Apogee: 5.00 km (3.10 mi). References: 906.
2001 December 17 -
  • Landing of STS-108 Nation: USA. Program: ISS. Flight: STS-108, ISS EO-3. STS-108 landed at 17:55 GMT with the crew of Gorie, Kelly Mark, Godwin, Tani, Culbertson, Dezhurov and Tyurin aboard.
2001 December 18 - Launch Site: Cape Canaveral. Launch Complex: ETR. Launch Pad: SLBM Launch Area. Launch Vehicle: Trident C-4. LV Configuration: Trident C-4 FCET-53.
  • Trident C-4 OT-III (223) operational test launch Nation: USA. Agency: USN. Apogee: 1,000 km (600 mi). References: 1774.
2001 December 18 - Launch Site: Cape Canaveral. Launch Complex: ETR. Launch Pad: SLBM Launch Area. Launch Vehicle: Trident C-4. LV Configuration: Trident C-4 FCET-53.
  • Trident C-4 Operational Test mission Nation: USA. Agency: USN. Apogee: 1,000 km (600 mi). References: 798.
2001 December 18 - Launch Site: Cape Canaveral. Launch Complex: ETR. Launch Pad: SLBM Launch Area. Launch Vehicle: Trident C-4. LV Configuration: Trident C-4 FCET-53.
  • Trident C-4 OT-III (224) operational test launch Nation: USA. Agency: USN. Apogee: 1,000 km (600 mi). References: 1774.
2001 December 18 - Launch Site: Cape Canaveral. Launch Complex: ETR. Launch Pad: SLBM Launch Area. Launch Vehicle: Trident C-4. LV Configuration: Trident C-4 FCET-53.
  • Trident C-4 OT-III (225) operational test launch Nation: USA. Agency: USN. Apogee: 1,000 km (600 mi). References: 1774.
2001 December 21 - 04:00 GMT - Launch Site: Baikonur. Launch Complex: LC90. Launch Pad: LC90/20. Launch Vehicle: Tsyklon 2. Model: Tsiklon-2.
  • Cosmos 2383 Nation: Russia. Program: EORSAT. Payload: US-PM s/n 11. Mass: 3,150 kg (6,940 lb). Class: Sigint. Type: Naval reconnaisance. Spacecraft: US-PU. Manufacturer: Arsenal. Agency: Russian Navy (Russia). Perigee: 404 km (251 mi). Apogee: 415 km (257 mi). Inclination: 65.00 deg. COSPAR: 2001-057A. USAF Sat Cat: 27053. Decay Date: 2004-03-20. Signal Intelligence Satellite. Launch delayed December 19. The booster put the satellite into an initial orbit of 145 x 405 km x 65.0 deg. At apogee the satellite ignited its own propulsion system to increase velocity by about 70-80 m/s and circularize the orbit.References: 4, 296, 552, 554.
2001 December 28 - 03:24 GMT - Launch Site: Plesetsk. Launch Complex: LC32. Launch Pad: LC32/1?. Launch Vehicle: Tsyklon 3. Model: Tsiklon-3.
  • Cosmos 2384 Nation: Russia. Program: Strela. Mass: 225 kg (496 lb). Class: Communications. Type: Military Store-dump. Spacecraft: Strela-3. Manufacturer: NPO Prikladnoy Mekhaniki. Agency: VKS (Russia). Perigee: 1,416 km (879 mi). Apogee: 1,432 km (889 mi). Inclination: 82.60 deg. Period: 114.30 min. COSPAR: 2001-058A. USAF Sat Cat: 27055. The Tsiklon put six military Strela-3 and three civilian equivalent Gonets-D1 satellites into a medium earth orbit. Due to a launch failure in 2000 this was the first replenishment of the Strela satellite constellation since 1998. The Tsiklon second stage burn was complete at 0329:02 UTC. The S5M stage separated and ignited at 0330 and shut down at 0332:00, placing the stage and satellite dispenser in a suborbital -550 x 1400 km orbit. A second burn at apogee at 0406:15 UTC put the stage in a 1400 km circular orbit. The three Gonets satellites separated first, beginning at 0407:28 UTC; the last of the three Kosmos/Strela satellites was ejected at 0408:33, with a perigee about 15 km higher than the first of the deployments.References: 4, 296, 552, 554.
  • Cosmos 2385 Nation: Russia. Program: Strela. Mass: 225 kg (496 lb). Class: Communications. Type: Military Store-dump. Spacecraft: Strela-3. Manufacturer: NPO Prikladnoy Mekhaniki. Agency: VKS (Russia). Perigee: 1,417 km (880 mi). Apogee: 1,426 km (886 mi). Inclination: 82.50 deg. Period: 114.30 min. COSPAR: 2001-058B. USAF Sat Cat: 27056. Three military Strela-3 and three civilian equivalent Gonets-D1 satellites orbited in a single launch. References: 4, 296, 552, 554.
  • Cosmos 2386 Nation: Russia. Program: Strela. Mass: 225 kg (496 lb). Class: Communications. Type: Military Store-dump. Spacecraft: Strela-3. Manufacturer: NPO Prikladnoy Mekhaniki. Agency: VKS (Russia). Perigee: 1,415 km (879 mi). Apogee: 1,419 km (881 mi). Inclination: 82.50 deg. Period: 114.20 min. COSPAR: 2001-058C. USAF Sat Cat: 27057. Three military Strela-3 and three civilian equivalent Gonets-D1 satellites orbited in a single launch. References: 4, 296, 552, 554.
  • Gonets D1 Nation: Russia. Program: Strela. Mass: 225 kg (496 lb). Class: Communications. Type: Store-dump. Spacecraft: Gonets-D1. Manufacturer: NPO Prikladnoy Mekhaniki. Agency: VKS (Russia). Perigee: 1,411 km (876 mi). Apogee: 1,419 km (881 mi). Inclination: 82.50 deg. Period: 114.10 min. COSPAR: 2001-058D. USAF Sat Cat: 27058. Three military Strela-3 and three civilian equivalent Gonets-D1 satellites orbited in a single launch. References: 4, 296, 552, 554.
  • Gonets D1 Nation: Russia. Program: Strela. Mass: 225 kg (496 lb). Class: Communications. Type: Store-dump. Spacecraft: Gonets-D1. Manufacturer: NPO Prikladnoy Mekhaniki. Agency: VKS (Russia). Perigee: 1,416 km (879 mi). Apogee: 1,418 km (881 mi). Inclination: 82.50 deg. Period: 114.20 min. COSPAR: 2001-058E. USAF Sat Cat: 27059. Three military Strela-3 and three civilian equivalent Gonets-D1 satellites orbited in a single launch. References: 4, 296, 552, 554.
  • Gonets D1 Nation: Russia. Program: Strela. Mass: 225 kg (496 lb). Class: Communications. Type: Store-dump. Spacecraft: Gonets-D1. Manufacturer: NPO Prikladnoy Mekhaniki. Agency: VKS (Russia). Perigee: 1,404 km (872 mi). Apogee: 1,418 km (881 mi). Inclination: 82.50 deg. Period: 114.00 min. COSPAR: 2001-058F. USAF Sat Cat: 27060. Three military Strela-3 and three civilian equivalent Gonets-D1 satellites orbited in a single launch. References: 4, 296, 552, 554.

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