Launch complex 43, consisting of two pads for R-7A ICBM's, became operational on 15 July 1961. These were two of the four original operational launch pads for the R-7A ICBM. Later converted for launch of Vostok, Soyuz and Molniya boosters. The complex follows the design of the protoype facility built at Area 31 of Baikonur and includes its own residential area for military personnel and assembly buildings for launchers and payloads. The launchers are assembled and integrated with their payload in a horizontal position and transported to the launch pad by the railway. As operational ICBM facilities, the complex consisted of: Launch pads 3 and 4; Assembly Hall 3; and Residential Area 43. In June 1967, Strategic Missile Forces started the process of retiring R-7 complexes in Plesetsk. In 1968, the double pads 3 and 4 were decommissioned and converted for space launch operations for R-7-derived boosters in support of Zenit, Meteor and Molniya spacecraft. The first space launch came on 3 December, 1969, and both pads continued in this role into the 21st Century.

• 1965 December 21 - Test mission Launch Vehicle: R-7A. Apogee: 1,000 km (600 mi).

• 1967 July 25 - Operational Test mission Launch Vehicle: R-7A. Apogee: 1,000 km (600 mi).

• 1969 December 3 13:20 - Cosmos 313 Launch Vehicle: Voskhod 11A57. Apogee: 335 km (208 mi). Area survey photo reconnaissance satellite; returned film capsule.

• 1970 March 4 12:14 - Cosmos 325 Launch Vehicle: Voskhod 11A57. Apogee: 327 km (203 mi). Area survey photo reconnaissance satellite.

• 1970 March 13 08:00 - Cosmos 326 Launch Vehicle: Voskhod 11A57. Apogee: 232 km (144 mi). Area survey photo reconnaissance satellite.

• 1970 July 21 - Zenit-4 Launch Vehicle: Voskhod 11A57. Failure. High resolution photo reconnaissance mission.

• 1971 February 18 13:59 - Cosmos 396 Launch Vehicle: Voskhod 11A57. Apogee: 285 km (177 mi). High resolution photo reconnaissance satellite; returned film capsule; maneuverable.

• 1971 March 5 - Zenit-2M Launch Vehicle: Voskhod 11A57. Failure. Area survey photo reconnaissance satellite.

• 1971 June 25 - Zenit-4M Launch Vehicle: Voskhod 11A57. Failure. Photo surveillance mission.

• 1971 December 3 - Zenit-2M Launch Vehicle: Voskhod 11A57. Failure. Area survey photo reconnaissance satellite.

• 1972 April 4 20:38 - Molniya 1-20 Launch Vehicle: Molniya 8K78M. Apogee: 40,006 km (24,858 mi). Operation of the long-range telephone and telegraph radiocommunications system in the USSR; transmission of television programmes to stations in the Orbita network.

• 1972 September 2 - Zenit-4M Launch Vehicle: Voskhod 11A57. Failure. High resolution photo reconnaissance mission.

• 1973 July 4 - Zenit-4M Launch Vehicle: Voskhod 11A57. Failure. High resolution photo reconnaissance mission.

• 1973 October 31 18:24 - Cosmos 605 Launch Vehicle: Soyuz 11A511U. Apogee: 403 km (250 mi). Investigation of the influence of space flight on living organisms and testing of life-support systems for biological entities. Capsule recovered 53 deg 29 min N, 65 deg 27 min E.

• 1974 May 23 - Yantar-2K failure. Launch Vehicle: Soyuz 11A511U. A problem in separation of the second and third stages of resulted in radio contact being lost with the spacecraft at T+439.6 sec. This automatically triggered the destruct charge in the Yantar OSA Descent Module, destroying the spacecraft and booster.. First test launch of Yantar second generation reconnaissance spacecraft.

• 1974 July 9 14:40 - Meteor 1-18 Launch Vehicle: Vostok 8A92M. Apogee: 909 km (564 mi). Conducted experimental work in studying the natural resources of the earth. Also tested plasma engine

• 1974 October 22 18:00 - Cosmos 690 Launch Vehicle: Soyuz 11A511U. Apogee: 364 km (226 mi). Biological research. Investigation of the upper atmosphere and outer space.

• 1975 May 30 06:45 - Cosmos 741 Launch Vehicle: Voskhod 11A57. Apogee: 231 km (143 mi). Zenit-2M (area survey photo reconnaissance) satellite used for earth resources studies as part of 'Gektor-Priroda' project. Investigation of the natural resources of the earth in the interests of various branches of the national economy of the USSR and international cooperation.

• 1975 September 5 14:50 - Cosmos 758 Launch Vehicle: Soyuz 11A511U. Apogee: 326 km (202 mi). Third Yantar-2K second generation reconnaissance flight, the first with the new Kondor attitude control system. This system experienced problems and failed on the second day of flight. The spacecraft's destruct package was activated by ground command and the spacecraft was destroyed on 6 September 1975 in its second day of flight.

• 1975 September 25 09:50 - Cosmos 771 Launch Vehicle: Soyuz 11A511U. Apogee: 219 km (136 mi). Investigation of the natural resources of the earth in the interests of various branches of the national economy of the USSR and international cooperation.

• 1975 November 14 19:14 - Molniya 3-03 Launch Vehicle: Molniya 8K78M. Apogee: 38,527 km (23,939 mi). Continued operation of the long-range telephone and telegraph radio-communication system within the Soviet Union and transmission of USSR central television programmes to stations in the Orbita and participating international networks (international cooperation scheme).

• 1975 November 25 17:00 - Cosmos 782 Launch Vehicle: Soyuz 11A511U. Apogee: 384 km (238 mi). Biological research. Continued investigation of the effects of space flight on living organisms. Capsule recovered 52 deg 17 min N, 64 deg 11 min E. The Cosmos 782 mission marked the first time that the United States participated in the Soviet Cosmos Program. Scientists from France, Czechoslovakia, Hungary, Poland, Romania, the U.S. and the U.S.S.R. participated in these investigations.

• 1975 December 27 10:22 - Molniya 3-04 Launch Vehicle: Molniya 8K78M. Apogee: 40,708 km (25,294 mi). Decay date suspect Continued operation of the long-range telephone and telegraph radio-communication system within the Soviet Union and transmission of USSR central television programmes to stations in the Orbita and participating international networks (international cooperation scheme).

• 1976 February 20 14:01 - Cosmos 805 Launch Vehicle: Soyuz 11A511U. Apogee: 351 km (218 mi). Fourth Yantar-2K second generation reconnaissance flight and the first with two SpK small film recovery capsules. First flight of the completely equipped satellite. The main reentry capsule and its film cargo were returned successfully. Both SpK capsules successfully separated from the Yantar in the course of the flight, but neither was recovered. The parachutes of the first did not deploy and the capsule crashed into the ground. The solid motor of the second capsule did not fire as programmed and the capsule did not deorbit at the expected time.

• 1976 May 15 13:30 - Meteor 1-25 Launch Vehicle: Vostok 8A92M. Apogee: 884 km (549 mi). Continuation of experimental work in studying the natural resources of the earth.

• 1976 May 21 07:00 - Cosmos 820 Launch Vehicle: Soyuz 11A511U. Apogee: 217 km (134 mi). Investigation of the natural resources of the earth in the interests of various branches of the national economy of the USSR and international cooperation.

• 1976 July 1 08:06 - Cosmos 837 Launch Vehicle: Molniya 8K78M. Fourth stage failure.. Apogee: 936 km (581 mi). Failed Molniya.

• 1976 July 22 15:40 - Cosmos 844 Launch Vehicle: Soyuz 11A511U. Apogee: 353 km (219 mi). Fifth Yantar second generation reconnaissance test flight. One of the solar panels would not unfold. Ground control activiated the destruct package and the spacecraft was destroyed on 25 July.

• 1976 September 1 03:23 - Cosmos 853 Launch Vehicle: Molniya 8K78M. Fourth stage failure.. Apogee: 461 km (286 mi). Failed Molniya.

• 1976 October 4 11:00 - Zenit-4MKT no. 3 Launch Vehicle: Soyuz 11A511U. Launch vehicle destroyed at T+95 seconds.. Investigation of the natural resources of the earth in the interests of various branches of the national economy of the USSR and international cooperation.

• 1976 October 22 09:12 - Cosmos 862 Launch Vehicle: Molniya 8K78M. Apogee: 36,759 km (22,840 mi). Covered Oko constellation plane 5 - 86 degree longitude of ascending node.

• 1976 December 28 06:38 - Molniya 3-06 Launch Vehicle: Molniya 8K78M. Apogee: 13,594 km (8,446 mi). Continued operation of the long-range telephone and telegraph radio-communication system within the Soviet Union and transmission of USSR central television programmes to stations in the Orbita and participating international networks (international cooperation scheme).

• 1977 April 11 01:38 - Cosmos 903 Launch Vehicle: Molniya 8K78M. Apogee: 35,796 km (22,242 mi). Covered Oko constellation plane 7 - 163 degree longitude of ascending node.

• 1977 April 26 14:45 - Cosmos 905 Launch Vehicle: Soyuz 11A511U. Apogee: 413 km (256 mi). Sixth Yantar second generation reconnaissance test flight and first completely successful flight. Both small SpK film capsules successfully recovered during course of flight, as was the main OSA cabin with its camera, computer, and main film cannisters. First full duration Yantar flight.

• 1977 April 28 09:10 - Molniya 3-07 Launch Vehicle: Molniya 8K78M. Apogee: 38,201 km (23,736 mi). Continued operation of the long-range telephone and telegraph radio-communication system within the Soviet Union and transmission of USSR central television programmes to stations in the Orbita and participating international networks (international cooperation scheme).

• 1977 May 26 07:00 - Cosmos 912 Launch Vehicle: Soyuz 11A511U. Apogee: 225 km (139 mi). Investigation of the natural resources of the earth in the interests of various branches of the national economy of the USSR and international cooperation.

• 1977 June 16 01:58 - Cosmos 917 Launch Vehicle: Molniya 8K78M. Apogee: 36,143 km (22,458 mi). Covered Oko constellation plane 9 - 245 degree longitude of ascending node.

• 1977 July 20 04:44 - Cosmos 931 Launch Vehicle: Molniya 8K78M. Apogee: 36,549 km (22,710 mi). Replaced Cosmos 665. Covered Oko constellation plane 2 - 323 degree longitude of ascending node.

• 1977 August 3 14:01 - Cosmos 936 Launch Vehicle: Soyuz 11A511U. Apogee: 396 km (246 mi). Biological research. Scientists from the U.S.S.R., the U.S., Czechoslovakia, France, Hungary, Poland, Romania, Bulgaria and the German Democratic Republic conducted experiments in physics and biology on the mission. The biosatellite was recovered at 51 deg 53 min N, 61 deg 30 min E, near Kustanay in Central Asia after remaining in orbit for 18.5 days.

• 1977 September 2 09:00 - Cosmos 948 Launch Vehicle: Soyuz 11A511U. Apogee: 235 km (146 mi). Investigation of the natural resources of the earth in the interests of various branches of the national economy of the USSR and international cooperation.

• 1977 September 6 17:30 - Cosmos 949 Launch Vehicle: Soyuz 11A511U. Apogee: 325 km (201 mi). Yantar-2K second generation reconnaissance state acceptance test flight. Completely successful and led to acceptance of Yantar-2K into Red Army service in 1978. Area survey photo reconnaissance; returned film in two small SpK capsules during the mission and with the main capsule at completion of the mission.

• 1977 October 28 01:37 - Molniya 3-08 Launch Vehicle: Molniya 8K78M. Apogee: 38,508 km (23,927 mi). Continued operation of the long-range telephone and telegraph radio-communication system; transmission of USSR central television programmes to stations in the Orbita network and international cooperation.

• 1978 January 24 06:51 - Molniya 3-09 Launch Vehicle: Molniya 8K78M. Apogee: 36,195 km (22,490 mi). Continued operation of the long-range telephone and telegraph radio-communication system within the Soviet Union and transmission of USSR central television programmes to stations in the Orbita and participating international networks (international cooperation scheme).

• 1978 May 23 07:30 - Cosmos 1010 Launch Vehicle: Soyuz 11A511U. Apogee: 230 km (140 mi). Investigation of the natural resources of the earth in the interests of various branches of the national economy of the USSR and international cooperation.

• 1978 June 28 02:59 - Cosmos 1024 Launch Vehicle: Molniya 8K78M. Apogee: 35,365 km (21,974 mi). Replaced Cosmos 931. Covered Oko constellation plane 2 - 323 degree longitude of ascending node.

• 1978 August 5 15:00 - Cosmos 1028 Launch Vehicle: Soyuz 11A511U. Apogee: 247 km (153 mi). Successful full duration flight. Area survey photo reconnaissance; returned film in two small SpK capsules during the mission and with the main capsule at completion of the mission.

• 1978 September 6 03:04 - Cosmos 1030 Launch Vehicle: Molniya 8K78M. Apogee: 36,185 km (22,484 mi). Covered Oko constellation plane 4 - 39 degree longitude of ascending node.

• 1978 October 3 11:00 - Cosmos 1033 Launch Vehicle: Soyuz 11A511U. Apogee: 231 km (143 mi). Investigation of the natural resources of the earth in the interests of various branches of the national economy of the USSR and international cooperation.

• 1978 October 13 05:19 - Molniya 3-10 Launch Vehicle: Molniya 8K78M. Apogee: 33,590 km (20,870 mi). Continued operation of the long-range telephone and telegraph radio-communication system within the Soviet Union and transmission of USSR central television programmes to stations in the Orbita and participating international networks (international cooperation scheme).

• 1979 January 18 15:42 - Molniya 3-11 Launch Vehicle: Molniya 8K78M. Apogee: 39,973 km (24,838 mi). Continued operation of the long-range telephone and telegraph radio-communication system within the Soviet Union and transmission of USSR central television programmes to stations in the Orbita and participating international networks (international cooperation scheme).

• 1979 February 27 15:00 - Cosmos 1079 Launch Vehicle: Soyuz 11A511U. Apogee: 337 km (209 mi). Area survey photo reconnaissance. Spacecraft depressurization led to malfunction of spacecraft. Deorbited after 12 days.

• 1979 April 27 17:15 - Cosmos 1097 Launch Vehicle: Soyuz 11A511U. Apogee: 331 km (205 mi). First flight test of Yantar-4K1 satellite. Returned as planned after 30 days. High resolution photo reconnaissance; returned film in two small SpK capsules during the mission and with the main capsule at completion of the mission.

• 1979 May 17 07:10 - Cosmos 1099 Launch Vehicle: Soyuz 11A511U. Apogee: 247 km (153 mi). Investigation of the natural resources of the earth in the interests of various branches of the national economy of the USSR and international cooperation.

• 1979 June 5 23:28 - Molniya 3-12 Launch Vehicle: Molniya 8K78M. Apogee: 19,362 km (12,030 mi). Continued operation of the long-range telephone and telegraph radio-communication system; transmission of USSR central television programmes to stations in the Orbita network and international cooperation.

• 1979 June 12 07:00 - Cosmos 1106 Launch Vehicle: Soyuz 11A511U. Apogee: 237 km (147 mi). Zenit-2M area survey photo reconnaissance satellite used for earth resources studies as part of 'Gektor-Priroda' project. Investigation of the natural resources of the earth in the interests of various branches of the national economy of the USSR and international cooperation.

• 1979 June 22 07:00 - Cosmos 1108 Launch Vehicle: Soyuz 11A511U. Apogee: 245 km (152 mi). Investigation of the natural resources of the earth in the interests of various branches of the national economy of the USSR and international cooperation.

• 1979 July 13 08:25 - Cosmos 1115 Launch Vehicle: Soyuz 11A511U. Apogee: 235 km (146 mi). Investigation of the natural resources of the earth in the interests of various branches of the national economy of the USSR and international cooperation.

• 1979 July 27 07:30 - Cosmos 1118 Launch Vehicle: Soyuz 11A511U. Apogee: 237 km (147 mi). Zenit-2M area survey photo reconnaissance satellite used for earth resources studies as part of 'Gektor-Priroda' project. Investigation of the natural resources of the earth in the interests of various branches of the national economy of the USSR and international cooperation.

• 1979 August 14 15:30 - Cosmos 1121 Launch Vehicle: Soyuz 11A511U. Apogee: 348 km (216 mi). Area survey photo reconnaissance; returned film in two small SpK capsules during the mission and with the main capsule at completion of the mission.

• 1979 August 17 07:45 - Cosmos 1122 Launch Vehicle: Soyuz 11A511U. Apogee: 227 km (141 mi). Zenit-2M area survey photo reconnaissance satellite used for earth resources studies as part of 'Gektor-Priroda' project. Nauka subsatellite 31KS jettisoned into independent orbit in the course of the mission. Investigation of the natural resources of the earth in the interests of various branches of the national economy of the USSR and international cooperation.

• 1979 August 28 00:17 - Cosmos 1124 Launch Vehicle: Molniya 8K78M. Apogee: 35,403 km (21,998 mi). Replaced Cosmos 1030. Covered Oko constellation plane 4 - 36 degree longitude of ascending node.

• 1979 October 12 - Zenit-6 Launch Vehicle: Soyuz 11A511U. Failure. Photo surveillance mission.

• 1979 November 2 16:00 - Cosmos 1144 Launch Vehicle: Soyuz 11A511U. Apogee: 337 km (209 mi). Area survey photo reconnaissance; returned film in two small SpK capsules during the mission and with the main capsule at completion of the mission.

• 1980 January 24 15:45 - Cosmos 1152 Launch Vehicle: Soyuz 11A511U. Apogee: 341 km (211 mi). Area survey photo reconnaissance. Mission terminated early for unknown reasons (normally 30 day duration).

• 1980 February 12 00:53 - Cosmos 1164 Launch Vehicle: Molniya 8K78M. Fourth stage failure.. Apogee: 40,856 km (25,386 mi). Left in parking orbit. Decay date suspect Investigation of the upper atmosphere and outer space. Was intended to cover Oko constellation plane 9 - 241 degree longitude of ascending node.

• 1980 March 18 16:01 - Tselina-D Launch Vehicle: Vostok 8A92M. Booster exploded on pad during servicing. Severe pad damage, 48 people killed. Cause found to be change in solder with tin to that with lead in H2O2 filters, causing decomposition and explosion.. This was the worst disaster since the Nedelin Catastrophe on 24 October 1964. A commission of military officers and chief designers reviewed the incident and requested changes to equipment and procedures, especially as regarded liquid oxygen handling. Another source reports that the explosion occurred during the fuelling of the Block E upper stage, and was due to hydrogen peroxide being present in a lox line filter and a confusion between fuel and lox lines. This error had always been possible, but had never happened in the 20 years of use of the booster before the explosion. The launch pad was badly damaged and not put back into service until April 1983.

• 1980 April 29 13:30 - Cosmos 1177 Launch Vehicle: Soyuz 11A511U. Apogee: 331 km (205 mi). Second flight test of Yantar-4K1 satellite. Demonstrated full spacecraft design duration of 45 days. High resolution photo reconnaissance; returned film in two small SpK capsules during the mission and with the main capsule at completion of the mission.

• 1980 May 23 07:10 - Cosmos 1182 Launch Vehicle: Soyuz 11A511U. Apogee: 251 km (155 mi). Investigation of the natural resources of the earth in the interests of various branches of the national economy of the USSR and international cooperation.

• 1980 June 14 20:52 - Cosmos 1188 Launch Vehicle: Molniya 8K78M. Apogee: 36,280 km (22,540 mi). Replaced Cosmos 1024. Covered Oko constellation plane 2 - 319 degree longitude of ascending node.

• 1980 July 15 07:30 - Cosmos 1201 Launch Vehicle: Soyuz 11A511U. Apogee: 243 km (150 mi). Investigation of the natural resources of the earth in the interests of various branches of the national economy of the USSR and international cooperation.

• 1980 July 18 10:37 - Molniya 3-13 Launch Vehicle: Molniya 8K78M. Apogee: 38,990 km (24,220 mi). Continued operation of the long-range telephone and telegraph radio-communication system within the Soviet Union and transmission of USSR central television programmes to stations in the Orbita and participating international networks (international cooperation scheme).

• 1980 July 31 07:45 - Cosmos 1203 Launch Vehicle: Soyuz 11A511U. Apogee: 270 km (160 mi). High resolution photo surveillance; film capsule; maneuverable (?); also performed earth resources tasks. Investigation of the natural resources of the earth in the interests of various branches of the national economy of the USSR and international cooperation.

• 1981 June 16 07:00 - Cosmos 1276 Launch Vehicle: Soyuz 11A511U. Apogee: 233 km (144 mi). Investigation of the natural resources of the earth in the interests of various branches of the national economy of the USSR and international cooperation.

• 1981 June 19 19:37 - Cosmos 1278 Launch Vehicle: Molniya 8K78M. Apogee: 37,962 km (23,588 mi). Covered Oko constellation plane 3 - 357 degree longitude of ascending node.

• 1981 July 2 07:10 - Cosmos 1280 Launch Vehicle: Soyuz 11A511U. Apogee: 280 km (170 mi). High resolution photo surveillance; film capsule; maneuverable; also performed earth resources tasks. Investigation of the natural resources of the earth in the interests of various branches of the national economy of the USSR and international cooperation.

• 1981 August 7 13:35 - Intercosmos 22 Launch Vehicle: Vostok 8A92M. Apogee: 881 km (547 mi). Ionosphere and magnetosphere studies. Intercosmos-Bulgaria 1300. Comprehensive investigation of physical processes in the earth's ionosphere and magnetosphere. Carried scientific equipment developed and manufactured in the People's Republic of Bulgaria with the assistance of Soviet scientists .

• 1981 September 11 08:43 - Cosmos 1305 Launch Vehicle: Molniya 8K78M. Fourth stage failure.. Apogee: 12,807 km (7,957 mi). Investigation of the upper atmosphere and outer space.

• 1982 May 25 09:00 - Cosmos 1369 Launch Vehicle: Soyuz 11A511U. Apogee: 265 km (164 mi). Investigation of the natural resources of the earth in the interests of various branches of the national economy of the USSR and international cooperation.

• 1982 June 8 07:45 - Cosmos 1376 Launch Vehicle: Soyuz 11A511U. Apogee: 242 km (150 mi). High resolution photo surveillance; film capsule; maneuverable; also performed earth resources tasks. Investigation of the natural resources of the earth in the interests of various branches of the national economy of the USSR and international cooperation.

• 1982 June 25 02:28 - Cosmos 1382 Launch Vehicle: Molniya 8K78M. Apogee: 34,865 km (21,664 mi). Replaced Cosmos 1223. Covered Oko constellation plane 7 - 154 degree longitude of ascending node.

• 1982 July 13 08:00 - Cosmos 1387 Launch Vehicle: Soyuz 11A511U. Apogee: 229 km (142 mi). Investigation of the natural resources of the earth in the interests of various branches of the national economy of the USSR and international cooperation.

• 1982 September 8 10:20 - Cosmos 1406 Launch Vehicle: Soyuz 11A511U. Apogee: 227 km (141 mi). Investigation of the natural resources of the earth in the interests of various branches of the national economy of the USSR and international cooperation.

• 1983 April 8 08:30 - Cosmos 1451 Launch Vehicle: Soyuz 11A511U. Apogee: 232 km (144 mi). Photo surveillance; returned film capsule; maneuverable. First launch from LC43/4 since on-pad explosion in March 1980.

• 1983 April 28 08:30 - Cosmos 1458 Launch Vehicle: Soyuz 11A511U. Apogee: 243 km (150 mi). Investigation of the natural resources of the earth in the interests of various branches of the national economy of the USSR and international cooperation.

• 1983 July 8 19:21 - Cosmos 1481 Launch Vehicle: Molniya 8K78M. Molniya 8K78M 2BL Apogee: 36,924 km (22,943 mi). Intended to replace Cosmos 1285; last stage exploded. Was intended to cover Oko constellation plane 6 - 118 degree longitude of ascending node.

• 1983 July 20 08:00 - Cosmos 1483 Launch Vehicle: Soyuz 11A511U. Apogee: 272 km (169 mi). Medium resolution photo surveillance; film capsule; also performed earth resources tasks. Investigation of the natural resources of the earth in the interests of various branches of the national economy of the USSR and international cooperation.

• 1983 August 5 09:20 - Cosmos 1487 Launch Vehicle: Soyuz 11A511U. Apogee: 392 km (243 mi). High resolution photo surveillance; film capsule; maneuverable; also performed earth resource tasks. Investigation of the natural resources of the earth in the interests of various branches of the national economy of the USSR and international cooperation.

• 1983 September 3 10:15 - Cosmos 1495 Launch Vehicle: Soyuz 11A511U. Apogee: 221 km (137 mi). Investigation of the natural resources of the earth in the interests of various branches of the national economy of the USSR and international cooperation.

• 1984 March 21 11:05 - Cosmos 1545 Launch Vehicle: Soyuz 11A511U. Apogee: 367 km (228 mi). Photo surveillance; returned film capsule.

• 1984 May 22 08:30 - Cosmos 1557 Launch Vehicle: Soyuz 11A511U. Apogee: 245 km (152 mi). Investigation of the natural resources of the earth in the interests of various branches of the national economy of the USSR and international cooperation.

• 1984 June 22 07:40 - Cosmos 1575 Launch Vehicle: Soyuz 11A511U. Apogee: 264 km (164 mi). High resolution photo surveillance; film capsule; maneuverable. Investigation of the natural resources of the earth in the interests of various branches of the national economy of the USSR and international cooperation.

• 1984 July 3 21:31 - Cosmos 1581 Launch Vehicle: Molniya 8K78M. Molniya 8K78M 2BL Apogee: 36,014 km (22,378 mi). Replaced Cosmos 1317. Covered Oko constellation plane 8 - 194 degree longitude of ascending node.

• 1984 July 19 08:30 - Cosmos 1582 Launch Vehicle: Soyuz 11A511U. Apogee: 266 km (165 mi). High resolution photo surveillance; film capsule; maneuverable; also performed earth resource tasks. Investigation of the natural resources of the earth in the interests of various branches of the national economy of the USSR and international cooperation.

• 1984 August 30 10:10 - Cosmos 1591 Launch Vehicle: Soyuz 11A511U. Apogee: 268 km (166 mi). High resolution photo surveillance; film capsule; maneuverable. Investigation of the natural resources of the earth in the interests of various branches of the national economy of the USSR and international cooperation.

• 1984 September 13 10:25 - Cosmos 1597 Launch Vehicle: Soyuz 11A511U. Apogee: 241 km (149 mi). Investigation of the natural resources of the earth in the interests of various branches of the national economy of the USSR and international cooperation.

• 1985 January 16 06:22 - Molniya 3-23 Launch Vehicle: Molniya 8K78M. Molniya 8K78M ML Apogee: 39,732 km (24,688 mi). Replaced Molniya 3-19. Operation of the long-range telephone and telegraph radio communications system in the USSR; transmission of USSR Central Television programmes to stations in the Orbita network and within the framework of international cooperation.

• 1985 May 29 07:40 - Molniya 3-24 Launch Vehicle: Molniya 8K78M. Molniya 8K78M ML Apogee: 38,895 km (24,168 mi). Replaced Molniya 3-18. Operation of the long-range telephone and telegraph radio communications system in the USSR; transmission of USSR Central Television programmes to stations in the Orbita network and within the framework of international cooperation.

• 1985 June 7 07:45 - Cosmos 1657 Launch Vehicle: Soyuz 11A511U. Apogee: 282 km (175 mi). High resolution photo surveillance; film capsule; maneuverable (?). Investigation of the natural resources of the earth in the interests of various branches of the national economy of the USSR and international cooperation.

• 1985 July 17 01:05 - Molniya 3-25 Launch Vehicle: Molniya 8K78M. Molniya 8K78M ML Apogee: 38,334 km (23,819 mi). Operation of the long-range telephone and telegraph radio communications system in the USSR; transmission of USSR Central Television programmes to stations in the Orbita network and within the framework of international cooperation.

• 1985 August 7 09:50 - Cosmos 1672 Launch Vehicle: Soyuz 11A511U. Apogee: 255 km (158 mi). High resolution photo surveillance; film capsule; maneuverable. Investigation of the natural resources of the earth in the interests of various branches of the national economy of the USSR and international cooperation.

• 1985 September 24 01:18 - Cosmos 1684 Launch Vehicle: Molniya 8K78M. Molniya 8K78M 2BL Apogee: 32,715 km (20,328 mi). Replaced Cosmos 1586. Covered Oko constellation plane 4 - 35 degree longitude of ascending node.

• 1985 October 3 07:33 - Molniya 3-26 Launch Vehicle: Molniya 8K78M. Molniya 8K78M ML Apogee: 38,722 km (24,060 mi). Operation of the long-range telephone and telegraph radio communications system in the USSR; transmission of USSR Central Television programmes to stations in the Orbita network and within the framework of international cooperation.

• 1985 October 22 20:24 - Cosmos 1698 Launch Vehicle: Molniya 8K78M. Molniya 8K78M 2BL Apogee: 35,412 km (22,003 mi). Replaced Cosmos 1541. Covered Oko constellation plane 3 - 351 degree longitude of ascending node.

• 1985 December 13 07:45 - Cosmos 1708 Launch Vehicle: Soyuz 11A511U. Apogee: 281 km (174 mi). High resolution photo surveillance; film capsule; maneuverable; also performed earth resource tasks. Investigation of the natural resources of the earth in the interests of various branches of the national economy of the USSR and international cooperation.

• 1985 December 24 18:56 - Molniya 3-27 Launch Vehicle: Molniya 8K78M. Molniya 8K78M ML Apogee: 38,555 km (23,956 mi). Operation of the long-range telephone and telegraph radio communications system in the USSR; transmission of USSR Central Television programmes to stations in the Orbita network and within the framework of international cooperation.

• 1986 May 28 07:50 - Cosmos 1746 Launch Vehicle: Soyuz 11A511U. Apogee: 277 km (172 mi). Investigation of the natural resources of the earth in the interests of various branches of the national economy of the USSR and international cooperation.

• 1986 July 5 01:16 - Cosmos 1761 Launch Vehicle: Molniya 8K78M. Molniya 8K78M 2BL Apogee: 35,495 km (22,055 mi). Replaced Cosmos 1698. Covered Oko constellation plane 3 - 354 degree longitude of ascending node.

• 1986 October 20 08:49 - Molniya 3-30 Launch Vehicle: Molniya 8K78M. Molniya 8K78M ML Apogee: 38,570 km (23,960 mi). Replaced Molniya 3-21. Operation of the long-range telephone and telegraph radio communications system in the USSR; transmission of USSR Central Television programmes to stations in the Orbita network and within the framework of international cooperation.

• 1986 December 12 18:35 - Cosmos 1806 Launch Vehicle: Molniya 8K78M. Molniya 8K78M 2BL Apogee: 32,850 km (20,410 mi). Replaced Cosmos 1729. Covered Oko constellation plane 5 - 73 degree longitude of ascending node.

• 1987 May 21 07:44 - Cosmos 1846 Launch Vehicle: Soyuz 11A511U. Apogee: 283 km (175 mi). Investigation of the natural resources of the earth in the interests of various branches of the national economy of the USSR and international cooperation.

• 1987 June 12 07:40 - Cosmos 1851 Launch Vehicle: Molniya 8K78M. Molniya 8K78M 2BL Apogee: 33,453 km (20,786 mi). Covered Oko constellation plane 6 - 113 degree longitude of ascending node.

• 1987 June 18 07:24 - Resurs-F1 14F40 Launch Vehicle: Soyuz 11A511U. Booster exploded on pad.. Soyuz 11A511U 77015-105 Pad was badly damaged and not put back into service until December 1988.

• 1987 September 15 10:30 - Cosmos 1882 Launch Vehicle: Soyuz 11A511U. Apogee: 269 km (167 mi). Investigation of the natural resources of the earth in the interests of various branches of the national economy of the USSR and international cooperation.

• 1988 May 26 15:27 - Molniya 3-32 Launch Vehicle: Molniya 8K78M. Molniya 8K78M ML Apogee: 38,104 km (23,676 mi). Operation of the long-range telephone and telegraph radio communications system in the USSR; transmission of USSR Central Television programmes to stations in the Orbita network and within the framework of international cooperation.

• 1988 July 27 09:05 - Resurs-F1 14F43 Launch Vehicle: Soyuz 11A511U. Failure. Soyuz 11A511U 78039130

• 1988 December 22 14:15 - Molniya 3-34 Launch Vehicle: Molniya 8K78M. Molniya 8K78M ML Apogee: 39,481 km (24,532 mi). Operation of the long-range telephone and telegraph radio communications system in the USSR; transmission of USSR Central Television programmes to stations in the Orbita network and within the framework of international cooperation. First launch from LC43/3 since it was damaged by a booster accident in June 1987.

• 1989 February 14 04:21 - Cosmos 2001 Launch Vehicle: Molniya 8K78M. Molniya 8K78M 2BL Apogee: 37,951 km (23,581 mi). Covered Oko constellation plane 4 - 32 degree longitude of ascending node.

• 1989 May 25 08:50 - Resurs F-01 Launch Vehicle: Soyuz 11A511U. Apogee: 232 km (144 mi). Deployed Pion 1 & 2. Resurs-F: Investigation of the natural resources of the earth in the interests of various branches of the Soviet economy and international cooperation. Satellite carries two passive separable 'Pion' probes to investigate upper atmospheric density.

• 1989 June 8 17:09 - Molniya 3-35 Launch Vehicle: Molniya 8K78M. Molniya 8K78M ML Apogee: 38,918 km (24,182 mi). Operation of the long-range telephone and telegraph radio communications system in the USSR; transmission of USSR Central Television programmes to stations in the Orbita network and within the framework of international cooperation.

• 1989 August 15 10:29 - Resurs F-04 Launch Vehicle: Soyuz 11A511U. Apogee: 226 km (140 mi). Investigation of the natural resources of the earth in the interests of various branches of the national economy of the USSR and international cooperation.

• 1989 September 6 10:49 - Resurs F-05 Launch Vehicle: Soyuz 11A511U. Apogee: 229 km (142 mi). Carried W. German microgravity experiment. Investigation of the natural resources of the Earth in the interests of the Soviet economy and international cooperation; and the conduct of biotechnological experiments under a commercial agreement with the firm Interspace (Federal Republic of Germany).

• 1989 November 28 10:02 - Molniya 3-36 Launch Vehicle: Molniya 8K78M. Molniya 8K78M ML Apogee: 39,655 km (24,640 mi). Operation of the long-range telephone and telegraph radio communications system in the USSR; transmission of USSR Central Television programmes to stations in the Orbita network and within the framework of international cooperation.

• 1990 January 23 02:51 - Molniya 3-37 Launch Vehicle: Molniya 8K78M. Molniya 8K78M ML Apogee: 39,367 km (24,461 mi). Operation of the long-range telephone and telegraph radio communications system in the USSR; transmission of USSR Central Television programmes to stations in the Orbita network and within the framework of international cooperation.

• 1990 March 27 16:40 - Cosmos 2063 Launch Vehicle: Molniya 8K78M. Molniya 8K78M 2BL Apogee: 35,210 km (21,870 mi). Covered Oko constellation plane 2 - 317 degree longitude of ascending node.

• 1990 April 3 12:02 - Yantar-4K1 Launch Vehicle: Soyuz 11A511U. Failure. High resolution photo reconnaissance mission.

• 1990 April 11 17:00 - Foton 6 Launch Vehicle: Soyuz 11A511U2. Apogee: 374 km (232 mi). 250 orbits. In addition to Russian materials science experiments, Foton 6 carried out the French Gezon experiment using the Russian Zona-4M electric furnace (Foton spacecraft have also flown the Zona 1, Zona 4, Splav 2, and Konstanta 2 electric furnaces as well as the Kashtan electrophoresis unit). Foton 6, which also carried the European Biopan life sciences experiments, was successfully recovered on the 15th day.

• 1990 May 29 07:19 - Resurs F-06 Launch Vehicle: Soyuz 11A511U. Apogee: 231 km (143 mi). Also carried German microgravity experiment. Investigation of the natural resources of the Earth in the interests of various branches of the national economy of the USSR; solution of problems relating to ecology and international cooperation. In accordance with a commercial agreement, apparatus belo nging to the Federal Republic of Germany is also being carried for the purpose of conducting biotechnological experiments.

• 1990 June 13 01:07 - Molniya 3-38 Launch Vehicle: Molniya 8K78M. Molniya 8K78M ML Apogee: 39,778 km (24,716 mi). Operation of the long-range telephone and telegraph radio communications system in the USSR; transmission of USSR Central Television programmes to stations in the Orbita network and within the framework of international cooperation.

• 1990 June 21 20:45 - Cosmos 2084 Launch Vehicle: Molniya 8K78M. Fourth stage failure.. Molniya 8K78M 2BL Apogee: 666 km (413 mi). Launched into an erroneous orbit. There was no communication with the satellite. Covered Oko constellation plane 6 - 115 degree longitude of ascending node.

• 1990 July 17 09:29 - Resurs F-07 Launch Vehicle: Soyuz 11A511U. Apogee: 236 km (146 mi). Investigation of the natural resources of the Earth in the interests of various branches of the national economy of the USSR; solution of problems relating to ecology and international cooperation.

• 1990 August 16 09:54 - Resurs F-08 Launch Vehicle: Soyuz 11A511U. Apogee: 229 km (142 mi). Investigation of the natural resources of the Earth in the interests of various branches of the national economy of the USSR; solution of problems relating to ecology and international cooperation.

• 1990 August 28 07:49 - Cosmos 2097 Launch Vehicle: Molniya 8K78M. Molniya 8K78M 2BL Apogee: 37,021 km (23,003 mi). Covered Oko constellation plane 3 - 357 degree longitude of ascending node.

• 1990 September 20 20:16 - Molniya 3-39 Launch Vehicle: Molniya 8K78M. Molniya 8K78M ML Apogee: 39,142 km (24,321 mi). Operation of the long-range telephone and telegraph radio communications system in the USSR; transmission of USSR Central Television programmes to stations in the Orbita network and within the framework of international cooperation.

• 1991 February 15 15:19 - Molniya 1-80 Launch Vehicle: Molniya 8K78M. Molniya 8K78M ML Apogee: 37,317 km (23,187 mi). Operation of the long-range telephone and telegraph radio communications system in the USSR; transmission of USSR Central Television programmes to stations in the Orbita network.

• 1991 March 22 12:19 - Molniya 3-40 Launch Vehicle: Molniya 8K78M. Molniya 8K78M ML Apogee: 37,374 km (23,223 mi). Operation of the long-range telephone and telegraph radio communications system in the USSR; transmission of USSR Central Television programmes to stations in the Orbita network and within the framework of international cooperation.

• 1991 May 21 09:00 - Resurs F-10 Launch Vehicle: Soyuz 11A511U. Apogee: 242 km (150 mi). Also carried microgravity experiments. Investigation of the natural resources of the earth in the interests of the various branches of the national economy of the USSR, and solution of problems relating to the environment and to international cooperation.

• 1991 May 24 15:29 - Cosmos 2149 Launch Vehicle: Soyuz 11A511U. Apogee: 285 km (177 mi). High resolution photo reconnaissance; returned film in two small SpK capsules during the mission and with the main capsule at completion of the mission.

• 1991 June 18 09:09 - Molniya 1-81 Launch Vehicle: Molniya 8K78M. Molniya 8K78M ML Apogee: 38,094 km (23,670 mi). Operation of the long-range telephone and telegraph radio communications system in the USSR; transmission of USSR Central Television programmes to stations in the Orbita network.

• 1991 June 28 08:09 - Resurs F-11 Launch Vehicle: Soyuz 11A511U. Apogee: 268 km (166 mi). Investigation of the natural resources of the Earth in the interests of various branches of the national economy of the USSR; solution of problems relating to ecology and international cooperation.

• 1991 July 9 09:40 - Cosmos 2152 Launch Vehicle: Soyuz 11A511U. Apogee: 234 km (145 mi). Military cartographic satellite; returned film capsule.

• 1991 July 23 09:05 - Resurs F-12 Launch Vehicle: Soyuz 11A511U. Apogee: 230 km (140 mi). Investigation of the natural resources of the earth in the interests of the various branches of the national economy of the USSR, and solution of problems relating to the environment and to international cooperation.

• 1991 August 1 11:53 - Molniya 1-82 Launch Vehicle: Molniya 8K78M. Molniya 8K78M ML Apogee: 39,591 km (24,600 mi). Operation of the long-range telephone and telegraph radio communications system in the USSR; transmission of USSR Central Television programmes to stations in the Orbita network.

• 1991 August 21 10:50 - Resurs F-13 Launch Vehicle: Soyuz 11A511U. Apogee: 240 km (140 mi). Investigation of the natural resources of the earth in the interests of the various branches of the national economy of the USSR, and solution of problems relating to the environment and to international cooperation.

• 1991 September 17 20:01 - Molniya 3-41 Launch Vehicle: Molniya 8K78M. Molniya 8K78M ML Apogee: 39,145 km (24,323 mi). Operation of the long-range telephone and telegraph radio communications system in the USSR; transmission of USSR Central Television programmes to stations in the Orbita network and within the framework of international cooperation.

• 1991 September 19 16:20 - Cosmos 2156 Launch Vehicle: Soyuz 11A511U. Apogee: 345 km (214 mi). High resolution photo reconnaissance; returned film in two small SpK capsules during the mission and with the main capsule at completion of the mission.

• 1991 October 4 18:10 - Foton 7 Launch Vehicle: Soyuz 11A511U. Apogee: 394 km (244 mi). Materials research; carried German, French experiments. Continuation of space materials research conducted jointly with Germany and France.

• 1991 November 20 19:15 - Cosmos 2171 Launch Vehicle: Soyuz 11A511U. Apogee: 321 km (199 mi). High resolution photo reconnaissance; returned film in two small SpK capsules during the mission and with the main capsule at completion of the mission.

• 1992 January 21 15:00 - Cosmos 2175 Launch Vehicle: Soyuz 11A511U. Apogee: 347 km (215 mi). High resolution photo reconnaissance; returned film in two small SpK capsules during the mission and with the main capsule at completion of the mission.

• 1992 January 24 01:18 - Cosmos 2176 Launch Vehicle: Molniya 8K78M. Molniya 8K78M 2BL Apogee: 37,349 km (23,207 mi). Covered Oko constellation plane 6 - 119 degree longitude of ascending node.

• 1992 March 4 04:27 - Molniya 1-83 Launch Vehicle: Molniya 8K78M. Molniya 8K78M ML Apogee: 39,530 km (24,560 mi). Operation of the long-range telephone and telegraph radio-communications system and transmission of Central Television programmes.

• 1992 April 29 09:00 - Resurs F-14 Launch Vehicle: Soyuz 11A511U. Apogee: 230 km (140 mi). Investigation of the natural resources of the Earth for the various branches of the national economy, the solution of environmental problems, and international cooperation.

• 1992 June 23 08:00 - Resurs F-15 Launch Vehicle: Soyuz 11A511U. Apogee: 226 km (140 mi). Capsule reentered 7/9/92. Investigation of the natural resources of the Earth in the interests of the various branches of the national economy.

• 1992 July 8 09:53 - Cosmos 2196 Launch Vehicle: Molniya 8K78M. Molniya 8K78M 2BL Apogee: 36,915 km (22,937 mi). Covered Oko constellation plane 5 - 75 degree longitude of ascending node.

• 1992 July 24 19:40 - Cosmos 2203 Launch Vehicle: Soyuz 11A511U. Apogee: 311 km (193 mi). High resolution photo reconnaissance; returned film in two small SpK capsules during the mission and with the main capsule at completion of the mission.

• 1992 July 30 11:00 - Cosmos 2207 Launch Vehicle: Soyuz 11A511U. Apogee: 233 km (144 mi). Military cartographic satellite; returned film capsule.

• 1992 August 6 19:30 - Molniya 1-84 Launch Vehicle: Molniya 8K78M. Molniya 8K78M ML Apogee: 39,294 km (24,416 mi). Operation of the long-range telephone and telegraph radio communications system, transmission of television programmes to stations in the Orbita network.

• 1992 October 8 19:00 - Foton 8 Launch Vehicle: Soyuz 11A511U. Apogee: 359 km (223 mi). 250 orbits. Microgravity research. Space materials research (conducted jointly with Germany).

• 1992 October 14 19:58 - Molniya 3-42 Launch Vehicle: Molniya 8K78M. Molniya 8K78M ML Apogee: 38,190 km (23,730 mi). Operation of the long-range telephone and telegraph radio communications system, transmission of television programmes to stations in the Orbita network and international cooperation.

• 1992 November 20 15:29 - Cosmos 2220 Launch Vehicle: Soyuz 11A511U. Apogee: 341 km (211 mi). High resolution photo reconnaissance; returned film in two small SpK capsules during the mission and with the main capsule at completion of the mission.

• 1992 November 25 12:18 - Cosmos 2222 Launch Vehicle: Molniya 8K78M. Molniya 8K78M 2BL Apogee: 35,026 km (21,764 mi). Covered Oko constellation plane 1 - 270 degree longitude of ascending node.

• 1992 December 2 01:57 - Molniya 3-43 Launch Vehicle: Molniya 8K78M. Molniya 8K78M ML Apogee: 39,109 km (24,301 mi). Operation of the long-range telephone and telegraph radio communications system, transmission of television programmes to stations in the Orbita network and international cooperation.

• 1992 December 29 13:30 - Cosmos 2229 Launch Vehicle: Soyuz 11A511U. Apogee: 372 km (231 mi). Biological research; carried monkeys Ivasha and Krosha. International study of the adaptation of living organisms to conditions of space flight. After 12 days in Earth orbit, the capsule was recovered 50 deg 46 min N, 73 deg 08 min E, about 100 kilometers north of the city of Karaganda. The Cosmos 2229 mission was also referred to as Bion 10, because it was the tenth in a series of Soviet/Russian unmanned satellites carrying biological experiments.

• 1993 January 13 01:49 - Molniya 1-85 Launch Vehicle: Molniya 8K78M. Molniya 8K78M ML Apogee: 39,822 km (24,744 mi). Operation of the long-range telephone and telegraph radio communications system, transmission of television programmes to stations in the Orbita network. Replaced Molniya 1-78.

• 1993 January 19 14:49 - Cosmos 2231 Launch Vehicle: Soyuz 11A511U. Apogee: 342 km (212 mi). High resolution photo reconnaissance; returned film in two small SpK capsules during the mission and with the main capsule at completion of the mission.

• 1993 April 6 19:07 - Cosmos 2241 Launch Vehicle: Molniya 8K78M. Molniya 8K78M 2BL Apogee: 36,804 km (22,868 mi). Covered Oko constellation plane 7 - 161 degree longitude of ascending node.

• 1993 April 21 00:23 - Molniya 3-44 Launch Vehicle: Molniya 8K78M. Molniya 8K78M ML Apogee: 39,603 km (24,608 mi). Operation of the long-range telephone and telegraph radio communications system, transmission of television programmes to stations in the Orbita network and international cooperation. Replaced Molniya 3-41.

• 1993 May 26 03:23 - Molniya 1-86 Launch Vehicle: Molniya 8K78M. Molniya 8K78M ML Apogee: 38,681 km (24,035 mi). Operation of the long-range telephone and telegraph radio communications system, transmission of television programmes to stations in the Orbita network. Replaced Molniya 1-81.

• 1993 July 14 16:40 - Cosmos 2259 Launch Vehicle: Soyuz 11A511U. Apogee: 349 km (216 mi). High resolution photo reconnaissance; returned film in two small SpK capsules during the mission and with the main capsule at completion of the mission.

• 1993 July 22 08:45 - Cosmos 2260 Launch Vehicle: Soyuz 11A511U. Apogee: 224 km (139 mi). Military cartographic satellite; returned film capsule. Also photography of the earth's surface for the purpose of the natural resource mapping and area monitoring on behalf of various branches of the Russian economy and in the interests of international cooperation. Alternate name: Resurs-T.

• 1993 August 4 00:52 - Molniya 3-45 Launch Vehicle: Molniya 8K78M. Molniya 8K78M ML Apogee: 37,920 km (23,560 mi). Operation of the long range telephone and telegraph radio-communications system. Replaced Molniya 3-37.

• 1993 December 22 20:37 - Molniya 1-87 Launch Vehicle: Molniya 8K78M. Molniya 8K78M ML Apogee: 38,716 km (24,056 mi). Operation of the long range telephone and telegraph radio-communications system. Replaced Molniya 1-77.

• 1994 March 17 16:30 - Cosmos 2274 Launch Vehicle: Soyuz 11A511U. Apogee: 372 km (231 mi). This space object is intended for assignments on behalf of the Ministry of Defense of the Russian Federation. High resolution photo reconnaissance; returned film in two small SpK capsules during the mission and with the main capsule at completion of the mission.

• 1994 June 14 16:05 - Foton 9 Launch Vehicle: Soyuz 11A511U. Apogee: 358 km (222 mi). Microgravity experiments. Landed July 2.

• 1994 July 20 17:35 - Cosmos 2283 Launch Vehicle: Soyuz 11A511U. Apogee: 313 km (194 mi). High resolution photo reconnaissance; returned film in two small SpK capsules during the mission and with the main capsule at completion of the mission.

• 1994 August 23 14:30 - Molniya-3-46 Launch Vehicle: Molniya 8K78M. Molniya 8K78M ML Apogee: 38,837 km (24,132 mi). Replaced Molniya 3-40. As of 1994, the Molniya 3 constellation consisted of Molniya 3-36, 3-38, 3-39, 3-42, 3-43, 3-44, 3-45, and 3-46.

• 1994 December 14 14:21 - Molniya-1-88 Launch Vehicle: Molniya 8K78M. Molniya 8K78M ML Apogee: 38,562 km (23,961 mi). Molniya 188, relieved Molniya 1-82 of its duties. At the end of 1994, operational Molniya satellites were 1-79, 1-80, and 1-83 through 1-88.

• 1995 February 16 17:39 - Foton 10 Launch Vehicle: Soyuz 11A511U. Apogee: 355 km (220 mi). 234 orbits. Carried Russian, French, German micro-gravity experiments. Landed in Russia Mar 3

• 1995 March 22 16:44 - Cosmos 2311 Launch Vehicle: Soyuz 11A511U. Apogee: 316 km (196 mi). High resolution photo reconnaissance; returned film in two small SpK capsules during the mission and with the main capsule at completion of the mission.

• 1995 June 28 18:25 - Cosmos 2314 Launch Vehicle: Soyuz 11A511U. Apogee: 316 km (196 mi). High resolution photo reconnaissance; returned film in two small SpK capsules during the mission and with the main capsule at completion of the mission.

• 1995 August 2 23:59 - Interbol 1 Launch Vehicle: Molniya 8K78M. Molniya 8K78M 2BL N15000-294 10M127S Apogee: 188,331 km (117,023 mi). Particles and fields research. Paired with Magion 4 subsatellite.

• 1995 August 9 01:21 - Molniya-3-47 Launch Vehicle: Molniya 8K78M. Molniya 8K78M ML PVB77031-674 Apogee: 39,142 km (24,321 mi). Voice and TV coverage.

• 1995 September 26 11:20 - Resurs F2 N.10 Launch Vehicle: Soyuz 11A511U. Apogee: 277 km (172 mi). Natural resources; photo capsule recovered in Russia on 10/26/95.

• 1996 March 14 17:40 - Cosmos 2331 Launch Vehicle: Soyuz 11A511U. Apogee: 291 km (180 mi). High resolution photo reconnaissance; returned film in two small SpK capsules during the mission and with the main capsule at completion of the mission.

• 1996 August 14 22:20 - Molniya-1T Launch Vehicle: Molniya 8K78M. Molniya 8K78M ML Apogee: 39,391 km (24,476 mi).

• 1996 August 29 05:22 - Microsat Launch Vehicle: Molniya 8K78M. Molniya 8K78M 2BL Apogee: 19,176 km (11,915 mi).

• 1996 October 24 11:37 - Molniya-3-48 Launch Vehicle: Molniya 8K78M. Molniya 8K78M ML PVB71612-697 Apogee: 38,520 km (23,930 mi).

• 1996 December 24 13:50 - Bion No. 11 Launch Vehicle: Soyuz 11A511U. Soyuz 11A511U PVB15000-050 Apogee: 375 km (233 mi). Biological research. Carried monkeys Lalik and Multik.

• 1997 May 14 00:33 - Cosmos 2342 Launch Vehicle: Molniya 8K78M. Molniya 8K78M 2BL Apogee: 37,820 km (23,500 mi). Covered Oko constellation planes 6/7 - 129 degree longitude of ascending node.

• 1997 September 24 21:30 - Molniya-1T Launch Vehicle: Molniya 8K78M. Molniya 8K78M ML Apogee: 39,575 km (24,590 mi).

• 1997 October 9 17:59 - Foton 11 Launch Vehicle: Soyuz 11A511U. Apogee: 363 km (225 mi). Microgravity experiments. Landed in Kazakhstan Oct 23.

• 1998 June 24 18:29 - Cosmos 2358 Launch Vehicle: Soyuz 11A511U. Apogee: 316 km (196 mi). High resolution photo reconnaissance; returned film in two small SpK capsules during the mission and with the main capsule at completion of the mission. Landed October 22, 1998.

• 1998 July 1 00:48 - Molniya-3-49 Launch Vehicle: Molniya 8K78M. Molniya 8K78M ML Apogee: 39,850 km (24,760 mi).

• 1998 September 28 23:41 - Molniya-1T Launch Vehicle: Molniya 8K78M. Molniya 8K78M ML Apogee: 38,755 km (24,081 mi).

• 1999 July 8 08:45 - Molniya-3-50 Launch Vehicle: Molniya 8K78M. Molniya 8K78M ML Apogee: 38,540 km (23,940 mi). The launch was from one of the three active R-7 class pads at Plesetsk (LC16/pad 2, LC43/pad 3, LC43/pad 4) and used the 8K78M launch vehicle, consisting of the 11S59 core packet, the 11S510 Block I third stage, and the Block-ML upper stage. The Block ML and the payload were placed in a 62.8 degree low parking orbit and then the ML fired to deliver the payload to a 12-hour operational orbit. This was the 52nd Molniya-3 to be launched (two were orbited under the Cosmos designation).

• 1999 August 18 18:00 - Cosmos 2365 Launch Vehicle: Soyuz 11A511U. Apogee: 338 km (210 mi). High resolution photo reconnaissance; returned film in two small SpK capsules during the mission and with the main capsule at completion of the mission. Landed in Russia on December 15, 1999.

• 1999 September 9 18:00 - Foton 12 Launch Vehicle: Soyuz 11A511U. Apogee: 379 km (235 mi). Foton 12 carried European microgravity experiments. The spacecraft's descent module landed on Russian territory at 52.47 deg N 53.83 deg E on September 24, 1999.

• 1999 September 28 11:00 - Resurs F-1M Launch Vehicle: Soyuz 11A511U. Apogee: 231 km (143 mi). Remote sensing film satellite. Recovered in Russia on October 22, 1999.

• 2001 May 29 17:55 - Cosmos 2377 Launch Vehicle: Soyuz 11A511U. Apogee: 358 km (222 mi). The Kobalt-class imaging satellite landed on October 10, 2001 after a four month mission.

• 2001 July 20 00:17 - Molniya-3-51 Launch Vehicle: Molniya 8K78M. Molniya 8K78M ML Apogee: 39,467 km (24,523 mi). Molniya-3K military communications satellite and booster fourth stage entered a 214 x 420 km x 62.8 deg parking orbit at 0026 GMT. About half an orbit later, over the southeast Pacific, the NPO Lavochkin Block-ML fourth stage fired to put the payload into a 407 x 40831 km x 62.9 deg orbit. The Molniya-3K was an improved version of the Molniya-3 military satellite.

• 2001 October 25 11:34 - Molniya-3-52 Launch Vehicle: Molniya 8K78M. Molniya 8K78M 77013-687 Apogee: 40,658 km (25,263 mi). Launch delayed from October 11. The Molniya-3 military communications satellite and Block ML upper stage were inserted into an initial 214 x 617 km x 62.8 deg parking orbit at 1143 GMT. At apogee over the South Pacific, the BOZ ullage motor fired and separated, then the ML main engine ignited and put the Molniya-3 satellite into its 615 x 40659 km x 62.8 deg operational orbit with apogee over the northern hemisphere.

• 2002 February 25 17:26 - Cosmos 2387 Launch Vehicle: Soyuz 11A511U. Apogee: 297 km (184 mi). The optical reconnaissance satellite carried two small film capsules and a large reentry module. The main recoverable section of Cosmos 2387 landed at about 0230 UTC on June 27.