January 20

See also Born on this Day
On this day in:

1926 - Launch Vehicle: Goddard 1.

  • Goddard test of liquid rocket. Nation: USA.

    The lift raised the rocket motor the full distance it could travel. Outdoor tests with a flight model were begun on March 8, 1926.

1953 -
  • Gen. Dwight D. Eisenhower inaugurated president of United States Nation: USA.

1955 - Launch Site: Kapustin Yar. Launch Vehicle: R-5. Model: R-5M.
  • R-5 Test mission Nation: USSR. Agency: NII-88. Apogee: 500 km (310 mi).

1956 - Launch Site: Cape Canaveral. Launch Complex: LC3. Launch Vehicle: X-17. LV Configuration: X-17 D-4.
  • X-17 Test mission Nation: USA. Agency: USAF 6555ATW. Apogee: 132 km (82 mi).

1960 - Launch Vehicle: R-7.
  • R-7 accepted into military service. Nation: USSR.

    Decree 'On adoption of the R-7 ICBM into armaments' was issued.

1960 - Launch Site: Cape Canaveral. Launch Complex: LC29. Launch Pad: LC29A. Launch Vehicle: Polaris A1. LV Configuration: Polaris A1 A1X-9.
  • Polaris A1 Test mission Nation: USA. Agency: USN. Apogee: 500 km (310 mi).

1961 -
  • Space Task Group management discusses a follow-on Mercury program. Nation: USA. Program: Gemini. Spacecraft: Gemini.

    Space Task Group management held a Capsule Review Board meeting. The first topic on the agenda was a follow-on Mercury program. Several types of missions were considered, including long-duration, rendezvous, artificial gravity, and flight tests of advanced equipment. Major conclusion was that a follow-on program needed to be specified in greater detail.

1961 - Launch Site: Cape Canaveral. Launch Complex: LC19. Launch Vehicle: Titan 1. Model: Titan I. LV Configuration: Titan I AJ-10. FAILURE: Failure.
  • Titan 1 Mk 4 re-entry vehicle test mission Nation: USA. Agency: USAF.

1962 - Launch Site: Vandenberg. Launch Complex: 395. Launch Pad: 395-A3. Launch Vehicle: Titan 1. Model: Titan I. LV Configuration: Titan I SM-4.
  • Titan 1 Demonstration launch Nation: USA. Agency: USAF SAC?. Apogee: 1,000 km (600 mi).

1964 - Launch Vehicle: Titan 2.
  • Martin-Baltimore conducted a static test-to-failure of the spacecraft/launch vehicle interface structure. Nation: USA.

    Test results demonstrated a very satisfactory minimum structural margin of 23 percent above ultimate conditions expected to be met in the transonic buffet conditions of launch. Plans were made to hold a structures meeting in Houston on March 17-19, 1964, for final review of all load conditions, stress distribution, and margins, in readiness for the Gemini-Titan 1 mission.

1964 - Launch Site: Fort Churchill. Launch Vehicle: Black Brant. Model: Black Brant II. LV Configuration: Black Brant II CC-2A-30.
  • Black Brant Auroral/Ionosphere mission? Nation: Canada. Agency: NRCC. Apogee: 140 km (80 mi).

1964 - Launch Site: Cape Canaveral. Launch Complex: ETR. Launch Pad: SLBM Launch Area. Launch Vehicle: Polaris A3. LV Configuration: Polaris A3 A3X-57.
  • Polaris A3 Test mission Nation: USA. Agency: USN. Apogee: 1,000 km (600 mi).

1964 - Launch Site: Fort Churchill. Launch Vehicle: Black Brant. Model: Black Brant II. LV Configuration: Black Brant II CC-2A-29.
  • Black Brant Auroral/Ionosphere mission? Nation: Canada. Agency: NRCC. Apogee: 140 km (80 mi).

1965 - Launch Site: Vandenberg. Launch Complex: LF03. Launch Vehicle: Minuteman 1. Model: Minuteman 1B. LV Configuration: Minuteman 1B 777.
  • Minuteman 1 Operational missile test Nation: USA. Agency: SAC 1STRAD. Apogee: 1,300 km (800 mi).

1965 - Launch Site: Tonopah. Launch Vehicle: Tomahawk Sandia. Model: Tomahawk. LV Configuration: Tomahawk Sandia 152-14.
  • Tomahawk Sandia Magnus Stovepipe Test/Aeronomy mission? Nation: USA. Agency: Sandia. Apogee: 106 km (65 mi).

1966 -
  • Little Joe II A-004 Nation: USA. Program: Apollo. Spacecraft: Apollo CSM.

    Apollo Mission A-004 was successfully accomplished at White Sands Missile Range. This was the first flight test utilizing the Apollo Block I type spacecraft and the sixth and final test of the Apollo CSM development program at WSMR. - Additional details.

1966 - 15:17 GMT - Launch Site: White Sands. Launch Complex: LC36. Launch Vehicle: Little Joe II. LV Configuration: Little Joe II 5-2-2 LJII-5 (12-51-3).
  • Little Joe II A-004 Spacecraft Test mission Nation: USA. Agency: NASA. Apogee: 23 km (14 mi).

1967 - Launch Vehicle: Saturn V.
  • Apollo S-IVB stage for Saturn launch vehicle 503 exploded Nation: USA. Program: Apollo.

    The Saturn 503 S-IVB stage exploded and was destroyed at the Douglas Sacramento, Calif., Test Facility at 4:25 p.m. PST during a countdown. The exercise had progressed to 10 seconds before simulated launch (about 8 minutes before S-IVB ignition) when the explosion occurred. - Additional details.

1969 - 04:14 GMT - Launch Site: Baikonur. Launch Complex: LC81. Launch Pad: LC81/23. Launch Vehicle: Proton 8K82K / 11S824. Model: Proton-K/D. LV Configuration: Proton-K/D 237-01. FAILURE: Second stage - One RD-0210 engine fails at T+510 sec, resulting in flight path deviation, automatic shutoff of launch vehicle.
  • Soyuz 7K-L1 s/n 13L Nation: USSR. Program: Lunar L1. Payload: Soyuz 7K-L1 s/n 13L. Mass: 5,390 kg (11,880 lb). Class: Manned. Type: Spacecraft. Spacecraft: Soyuz 7K-L1. Agency: RVSN. COSPAR: F690120A. Decay Date: 1969-01-19.

    Launch failure - but the abort system again functioned perfectly, taking the capsule to a safe landing (in Mongolia!). At 501 seconds into the flight one of the four engines of the second stage shut down, and remained shut down for 25 seconds. The ever-reliable SAS abort system detected the failure, and separated the capsule from the failed booster. Yet again a successful capsule recovery after a booster failure. - Additional details.

1970 - 20:20 GMT - Launch Site: Plesetsk. Launch Complex: LC133. Launch Pad: LC133/1. Launch Vehicle: Kosmos 11K63. Model: Kosmos 11K63.
  • Cosmos 321 Nation: USSR. Program: DS. Payload: DS-U2-MG s/n 1. Mass: 365 kg (804 lb). Class: Earth. Type: Magnetosphere. Spacecraft: DS-U2-MG. Agency: MO SSSR. Perigee: 272 km (169 mi). Apogee: 479 km (297 mi). Inclination: 71.00 deg. Period: 92.10 min. COSPAR: 1970-006A. USAF Sat Cat: 4308. Completed Operations Date: 1970-03-23. Decay Date: 1970-03-23.

    Studed the Earth's magnetic poles.

1971 -
  • Mishin pushing 'Big Orbital Station'. Nation: USSR. Program: Almaz, Salyut. Spacecraft: Almaz OPS, MKBS.

    Mishin is attempting to set up a separate training centre for civilian cosmonauts at the Moscow Aviation Institute. Mishin and the civilian cosmonauts come to view the TsPK premises to get ideas. This is a new attack by Mishin, in Kamanin's eyes. Mishin has been ill for a long time, but it doesn't stop him from meddling in the details of work of his deputies. Now they are working on a Big Orbital Station (BOS) for 9-12 crew. This amounts to nothing more than a new move against Chelomei. Mishin is intent on monopolising manned spaceflight at any cost. He attempts to take over any other such projects allocated to Chelomei or Kozlov.

1971 - Launch Site: Eglin. Launch Vehicle: Nike Iroquois.
  • Nike Iroquois PLUM Aeronomy mission Nation: USA. Agency: USAF. Apogee: 290 km (180 mi).

1971 - 11:24 GMT - Launch Site: Plesetsk. Launch Vehicle: Vostok 8A92M. Model: Vostok 8A92M.
  • Meteor 1-07 Nation: USSR. Payload: Meteor M no. 7. Mass: 3,800 kg (8,300 lb). Class: Earth. Type: Weather. Spacecraft: Meteor M. Agency: MOM. Perigee: 538 km (334 mi). Apogee: 550 km (340 mi). Inclination: 81.20 deg. Period: 95.50 min. COSPAR: 1971-003A. USAF Sat Cat: 4849. Decay Date: 2005-06-14.

    Acquisition of meteorological information needed for use by the weather service.

1972 - 18:36 GMT - Launch Site: Vandenberg. Launch Complex: SLC4. Launch Pad: SLC4E. Launch Vehicle: Titan 3D. Model: Titan IIID. LV Configuration: Titan IIID 23D-2.
  • KH-9 no. 02 Nation: USA. Mass: 13,300 kg (29,300 lb). Class: Surveillance. Type: Military. Spacecraft: KH-9. Agency: NRO/CIA. Perigee: 153 km (95 mi). Apogee: 330 km (200 mi). Inclination: 97.00 deg. Period: 89.30 min. COSPAR: 1972-002A. USAF Sat Cat: 5769. Decay Date: 1972-02-29.

    KH-9 type satellite. Space craft engaged in investigation of spaceflight techniques and technology (US Cat A).

  • OPS 7719 Nation: USA. Payload: SSF-B No. 22. Mass: 60 kg (132 lb). Class: Sigint. Spacecraft: SSF. Agency: NRO/USAF. Perigee: 474 km (294 mi). Apogee: 545 km (338 mi). Inclination: 96.00 deg. Period: 94.80 min. COSPAR: 1972-002D. USAF Sat Cat: 5772. Decay Date: 1979-04-17.

    Radar monitoring.

1973 - 03:36 GMT - Launch Site: Plesetsk. Launch Complex: LC132. Launch Pad: LC132/1. Launch Vehicle: Kosmos 11K65M. Model: Kosmos 11K65M. LV Configuration: Kosmos 11K65M Yu149-44.
  • Cosmos 544 Nation: USSR. Program: Tselina. Mass: 750 kg (1,650 lb). Class: Sigint. Spacecraft: Tselina-O. Agency: MO SSSR. Perigee: 528 km (328 mi). Apogee: 535 km (332 mi). Inclination: 74.00 deg. Period: 95.20 min. COSPAR: 1973-003A. USAF Sat Cat: 6343. Decay Date: 1980-06-15.

    Replaced Cosmos 460. Possible ELINT satellite.

1974 - Launch Site: Baikonur. Launch Complex: LC103. Launch Vehicle: R-36M. Model: R-36M 15A14.
  • R-36M POR state trials flight Nation: USSR. Agency: RVSN. Apogee: 1,000 km (600 mi).

1975 - Launch Site: White Sands. Launch Complex: LC36. Launch Vehicle: Black Brant. Model: Black Brant VC. LV Configuration: Black Brant VC NASA 21.24US.
  • Black Brant Solar mission Nation: USA. Agency: NASA. Apogee: 279 km (173 mi).

1976 - Launch Site: Vandenberg. Launch Complex: WTR. Launch Pad: SLBM Launch Area. Launch Vehicle: Polaris A3. LV Configuration: Polaris A3 A3.
  • Polaris A3 Operational Test mission Nation: USA. Agency: USN. Apogee: 1,000 km (600 mi).

1976 - Launch Site: Vandenberg. Launch Complex: WTR. Launch Pad: SLBM Launch Area. Launch Vehicle: Polaris A3. LV Configuration: Polaris A3 A3.
  • Polaris A3 Operational Test mission Nation: USA. Agency: USN. Apogee: 1,000 km (600 mi).

1976 - 01:42 GMT - Launch Site: Fort Churchill. Launch Vehicle: Black Brant. Model: Black Brant IVB. LV Configuration: Black Brant IVB GL A16.501-01.
  • Black Brant VLF Ionosphere mission Nation: USA. Agency: USAF GL. Apogee: 632 km (392 mi).

1976 - 17:08 GMT - Launch Site: Plesetsk. Launch Complex: LC132. Launch Pad: LC132/1. Launch Vehicle: Kosmos 11K65M. Model: Kosmos 11K65M. LV Configuration: Kosmos 11K65M 53749-164.
  • Cosmos 789 Nation: USSR. Mass: 810 kg (1,780 lb). Class: Navigation. Spacecraft: Parus. Agency: MO SSSR. Perigee: 966 km (600 mi). Apogee: 1,013 km (629 mi). Inclination: 83.00 deg. Period: 104.90 min. COSPAR: 1976-005A. USAF Sat Cat: 8591.

    Military navigation satellite.

1977 - 08:30 GMT - Launch Site: Baikonur. Launch Vehicle: Soyuz 11A511U. Model: Soyuz 11A511U.
  • Cosmos 889 Nation: USSR. Mass: 6,300 kg (13,800 lb). Class: Surveillance. Type: Military. Spacecraft: Zenit-2M. Agency: MOM. Perigee: 202 km (125 mi). Apogee: 329 km (204 mi). Inclination: 71.40 deg. Period: 89.80 min. COSPAR: 1977-003A. USAF Sat Cat: 9735. Duration: 12.00 days. Decay Date: 1977-02-01.

    Area survey photo reconnaissance satellite; returned film capsule.

1977 - 20:05 GMT - Launch Site: Plesetsk. Launch Complex: LC132. Launch Pad: LC132/1. Launch Vehicle: Kosmos 11K65M. Model: Kosmos 11K65M. LV Configuration: Kosmos 11K65M 53719-155.
  • Cosmos 890 Nation: USSR. Mass: 700 kg (1,540 lb). Class: Navigation. Spacecraft: Tsiklon. Agency: MO SSSR. Perigee: 975 km (605 mi). Apogee: 1,016 km (631 mi). Inclination: 83.00 deg. Period: 105.00 min. COSPAR: 1977-004A. USAF Sat Cat: 9737.

    Military navigation satellite.

1978 - 08:24 GMT - Launch Site: Baikonur. Launch Complex: LC31. Launch Pad: LC31. Launch Vehicle: Soyuz 11A511U. Model: Soyuz 11A511U. LV Configuration: Soyuz 11A511U E15000-075.
  • Progress 1 Nation: USSR. Program: Salyut 6. Payload: Progress s/n 102. Mass: 7,020 kg (15,470 lb). Class: Manned. Type: Logistics. Spacecraft: Progress. Agency: MOM. Perigee: 173 km (107 mi). Apogee: 256 km (159 mi). Inclination: 51.60 deg. Period: 88.70 min. COSPAR: 1978-008A. USAF Sat Cat: 10603. Duration: 18.73 days. Completed Operations Date: 1978-02-08 02:00:20. Decay Date: 1978-02-08 02:00:20. Flight: Salyut 6 EO-1.

    Unmanned supply vessel to Salyut 6. Delivery of fuel, consumable materials and equipment to the Salyut 6 station. Docked with Salyut 6 on 22 Jan 1978 10:12:14 GMT. Undocked on 6 Feb 1978 05:54:00 GMT. Destroyed in reentry on 8 Feb 1978 02:00:00 GMT. Total free-flight time 3.91 days. Total docked time 14.82 days.

1981 - 04:50 GMT - Launch Site: White Sands. Launch Vehicle: Astrobee F. LV Configuration: Astrobee F NASA 25.62DG.
  • Astrobee F NRL FUV Spectrograph Ultraviolet Astronomy mission Nation: USA. Agency: NASA. Apogee: 209 km (129 mi).

1981 - 11:00 GMT - Launch Site: Baikonur. Launch Complex: LC31. Launch Pad: LC31. Launch Vehicle: Soyuz 11A511U. Model: Soyuz 11A511U.
  • Cosmos 1240 Nation: USSR. Payload: Yantar-2K s/n 975. Mass: 6,600 kg (14,500 lb). Class: Surveillance. Type: Military. Spacecraft: Yantar-2K. Agency: MOM. Perigee: 165 km (102 mi). Apogee: 359 km (223 mi). Inclination: 64.90 deg. Period: 89.80 min. COSPAR: 1981-005A. USAF Sat Cat: 12143. Duration: 28.00 days. Decay Date: 1981-02-17.

    Area survey photo reconnaissance; returned film in two small SpK capsules during the mission and with the main capsule at completion of the mission.

1982 - Launch Site: Kiruna. Launch Vehicle: Black Brant. Model: Black Brant IX. LV Configuration: Black Brant IX SSC S36.
  • Black Brant Auroral mission? Nation: Sweden. Agency: SSC. Apogee: 496 km (308 mi).

1982 - 11:30 GMT - Launch Site: Plesetsk. Launch Vehicle: Soyuz 11A511U. Model: Soyuz 11A511U.
  • Cosmos 1334 Nation: USSR. Mass: 6,300 kg (13,800 lb). Class: Surveillance. Type: Military. Spacecraft: Zenit-6U. Agency: MOM. Perigee: 191 km (118 mi). Apogee: 286 km (177 mi). Inclination: 72.90 deg. Period: 89.30 min. COSPAR: 1982-005A. USAF Sat Cat: 13036. Duration: 14.00 days. Decay Date: 1982-02-03.

    Photo surveillance; returned film capsule; maneuverable.

1983 - 17:26 GMT - Launch Site: Plesetsk. Launch Vehicle: Vostok 8A92M. Model: Vostok 8A92M.
  • Cosmos 1437 Nation: USSR. Program: Tselina. Payload: Tselina-D no. 39. Mass: 2,500 kg (5,500 lb). Class: Sigint. Spacecraft: Tselina-D. Agency: MOM. Perigee: 581 km (361 mi). Apogee: 604 km (375 mi). Inclination: 81.20 deg. Period: 96.50 min. COSPAR: 1983-003A. USAF Sat Cat: 13770.

1984 - 20:18 GMT - Launch Site: Andoya. Launch Vehicle: Viper. LV Configuration: Viper 3A MAP/WINE.
  • Viper M-F 27 Aeronomy mission Nation: Germany. Agency: DFVLR. Apogee: 104 km (64 mi).

1986 -
  • Rich Terrile's Discovery of Uranus Moons Cordelia & Ophelia

1987 - Launch Site: Vandenberg. Launch Complex: LF03. Launch Vehicle: Minuteman 1. Model: Minuteman 1B.
  • Minuteman 1 SENT-1 re-entry vehicle test flight Nation: USA. Agency: USAF AFSC. Apogee: 1,300 km (800 mi).

1988 - 22:51 GMT - Launch Site: Baikonur. Launch Complex: LC1. Launch Pad: LC1. Launch Vehicle: Soyuz 11A511U2. Model: Soyuz 11A511U2. LV Configuration: Soyuz 11A511U2 L15000-025.
  • Progress 34 Nation: USSR. Program: Mir. Payload: Progress s/n 142. Mass: 7,078 kg (15,604 lb). Class: Manned. Type: Logistics. Spacecraft: Progress. Agency: MOM. Perigee: 329 km (204 mi). Apogee: 347 km (215 mi). Inclination: 51.60 deg. Period: 91.30 min. COSPAR: 1988-003A. USAF Sat Cat: 18795. Duration: 43.36 days. Completed Operations Date: 1988-03-05 07:29:36. Decay Date: 1988-03-05 07:29:36. Flight: Mir EO-3.

    Unmanned resupply vessel to Mir. Docked on 23 Jan 1988 00:09:09 GMT. Undocked on 4 Mar 1988 03:40:09 GMT. Destroyed in reentry on 4 Mar 1988 07:29:30 GMT. Total free-flight time 2.21 days. Total docked time 41.15 days.

1990 -
  • Landing of STS-32 Nation: USA. Program: STS. Flight: STS-32.

    STS-32 landed at 09:43 GMT.

1991 - 18:43 GMT - Launch Vehicle: Al Hussein.
  • Al Hussein Combat launch - target: Dhahran Nation: Iraq. Agency: IRAQ. Apogee: 100 km (60 mi).

    Launched from Mobile launchers in Iraq, SE of Basra - Latitude: 30.50 N - Longitude: 48.00 E.

1991 - 18:43 GMT - Launch Vehicle: Al Hussein.
  • Al Hussein Combat launch - target: Dhahran Nation: Iraq. Agency: IRAQ. Apogee: 100 km (60 mi).

    Launched from Mobile launchers in Iraq, SE of Basra - Latitude: 30.50 N - Longitude: 48.00 E.

1994 - Launch Site: Cape Canaveral. Launch Complex: ETR. Launch Pad: SLBM Launch Area. Launch Vehicle: Trident D-5. LV Configuration: Trident D-5 FCET-10.
  • Trident D-5 Operational Test mission Nation: USA. Agency: USN. Apogee: 1,000 km (600 mi).

1994 - Launch Site: Cape Canaveral. Launch Complex: ETR. Launch Pad: SLBM Launch Area. Launch Vehicle: Trident D-5. LV Configuration: Trident D-5 FCET-10.
  • Trident D-5 Operational Test mission Nation: USA. Agency: USN. Apogee: 1,000 km (600 mi).

1994 - Launch Site: Cape Canaveral. Launch Complex: ETR. Launch Pad: SLBM Launch Area. Launch Vehicle: Trident D-5. LV Configuration: Trident D-5 FCET-10.
  • Trident D-5 Operational Test mission Nation: USA. Agency: USN. Apogee: 1,000 km (600 mi).

1994 - Launch Site: Cape Canaveral. Launch Complex: ETR. Launch Pad: SLBM Launch Area. Launch Vehicle: Trident D-5. LV Configuration: Trident D-5 FCET-10.
  • Trident D-5 Operational Test mission Nation: USA. Agency: USN. Apogee: 1,000 km (600 mi).

1994 - 09:49 GMT - Launch Site: Baikonur. Launch Complex: LC81. Launch Pad: LC81/23. Launch Vehicle: Proton 8K82K / 11S861-01. Model: Proton-K/DM-2M. LV Configuration: Proton-K/DM-2M 358-02.
  • Gals Nation: Russia. Payload: Gals s/n 11L. Mass: 2,500 kg (5,500 lb). Class: Communications. Spacecraft: Gals . Agency: MOM. Perigee: 36,121 km (22,444 mi). Apogee: 36,121 km (22,444 mi). Inclination: 0.10 deg. Period: 1,453.00 min. COSPAR: 1994-002A. USAF Sat Cat: 22963.

    Direct broadcasting satellite (new generation of satellites) intended for development of the Russian television system and international cooperation. Also tested SPT-100 plasma engine. Positioned in geosynchronous orbit at 71 deg E in 1994-1996; 36 deg E in 1996-1999; 42 deg E in 2000. As of 5 September 2001 located at 37.30 deg E drifting at 0.121 deg W per day. As of 2007 Mar 10 located at 67.44E drifting at 0.298E degrees per day.

1996 -
  • Landing of STS-72 Nation: USA. Program: STS. Flight: STS-72.

    STS-72 landed at 07:42 GMT.

2003 - 13:00 GMT - Launch Site: Kiruna. Launch Vehicle: Super Loki.
  • Super Loki MM-LFS- SAGE III Aeronomy mission Nation: Germany. Agency: DLR. Apogee: 115 km (71 mi).

2005 - 03:00 GMT - Launch Site: Plesetsk. Launch Complex: LC132. Launch Pad: LC132/1. Launch Vehicle: Kosmos 11K65M.
  • Cosmos 2414 Nation: Russia. Mass: 820 kg (1,800 lb). Class: Navigation. Spacecraft: Parus. Perigee: 908 km (564 mi). Apogee: 968 km (601 mi). Inclination: 83.00 deg. Period: 103.80 min. COSPAR: 2005-002A. USAF Sat Cat: 28521.

    Military navigation satellite. Positioned in plane 4 of constellation, replacement for Cosmos 2239?

  • Universitetskiy Nation: Russia. Payload: Tatyana. Mass: 30 kg (66 lb). Class: Technology. Perigee: 911 km (566 mi). Apogee: 969 km (602 mi). Inclination: 83.00 deg. Period: 103.80 min. COSPAR: 2005-002C. USAF Sat Cat: 28523.

    Student satellite for radiation studies, ejected from Cosmos 2414. The satellite was built by students at MGU (Moskovskiy Gosudarstvenniy Universitet) for the university's 250th anniversary, and was nicknamed 'Tatyana' since the university's anniversary day is St. Tatyana's day


Born on this day in:
  • 1948 - Jerry Lynn Ross.  American Mission Specialist Astronaut. Birth City: Crown Point. Birth State: Indiana. Birth Country: USA.

Died on this day in:
  • 1991 - Paul F Bikle.  American Engineer. Cause of Death: SSN 372-03-1426.
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 

Contact us with any corrections, additions, or comments.
Conditions for use of drawings, pictures, or other materials from this site..
To contact astronauts or cosmonauts.

© Mark Wade, 1997 - 2007 except where otherwise noted.

 
Encyclopedia Astronautica
topic index
0 - A - B - C - D - E - F - G - H - I - J - K - L - M - N - O - P - Q - Ra - Re - Sa - Sf - Sp - T - U - V - W - X - Y - Z