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Chang Zheng 1
Part of DF-3
CZ-1 Impact
CZ-1 Impact
Chinese orbital launch vehicle. China began development of the CZ-1 (Changzheng-1 = Long March-1) launch vehicle in the second half of 1965. The project was undertaken with the specific objective of launching China's first satellite, the DFH-1. The CZ-l's first and second stages were adapted from those of the DF-3 intermediate range ballistic missile. The third stage used a new-design solid rocket motor.

AKA: Chang Zheng-1;CSL-1;CZ-1;Long March 1. Status: Retired 2002. First Launch: 1969-11-16. Last Launch: 1971-03-03. Number: 3 . Payload: 300 kg (660 lb). Thrust: 1,020.00 kN (229,300 lbf). Gross mass: 81,310 kg (179,250 lb). Height: 29.40 m (96.40 ft). Diameter: 2.25 m (7.38 ft). Apogee: 440 km (270 mi).

After shutdown of the second stage, the vehicle flew in a powerless glide for over 200 seconds before the third stage separated and ignited. An attitude control system using residual liquid propellant was added to the second stage to control the vehicle in zero-G during the coast. After separation of the second stage, the third stage was spun up to 180 revolutions/minute using a small spin rocket to keep it in stable flight during the solid motor burn.

The development of the solid rocket upper stage was a significant new technology for China in the late 1960's. The third stage motor for the CZ-1 had a diameter of 770 mm, a length of 4 m, and 1.8 metric tons of propellant – far beyond any previous solid motor in China. There was additionally the requirement for reliable high-altitude ignition while spinning at high speed. From May 1969 to January 1970, four full thrust tests of the solid engine under different conditions and one flight test of the two-stage modification of the DF-3 were carried out successfully. On 24 April, 1970, the CZ-1 placed the DFH-1 satellite into orbit on the first attempt. Less than a year later, the back-up vehicle was used to launch the SJ-1 scientific satellite.

LEO Payload: 300 kg (660 lb) to a 440 km orbit. Payload: 250 kg (550 lb) to a GTO.

Stage Data - CZ-1


More at: Chang Zheng 1.

Family: orbital launch vehicle. Country: China. Engines: YF-2A. Spacecraft: DFH-1. Launch Sites: Jiuquan, Jiuquan LA2A. Stages: CZ-1-2, CZ-YF-2, GF-02. Agency: CALT. Bibliography: 2, 42, 5, 532, 534, 6, 61.
Photo Gallery

CZ-1 LaunchCZ-1 Launch


CZ-1CZ-1


CZ-1 launch orderCZ-1 launch order


CZ-1 on padCZ-1 on pad


CZ-1 on padCZ-1 on pad


CZ-1 ImpactCZ-1 Impact


CZ-1 AssemblyCZ-1 Assembly


CZ-1 LaunchCZ-1 Launch


CZ-1 AssemblyCZ-1 Assembly


CZ-1 ImpactCZ-1 Impact


Chinese solidsChinese solids



January 1965 - . LV Family: DF-3. Launch Vehicle: Chang Zheng 1.
1965 April 29 - . LV Family: DF-3. Launch Vehicle: Chang Zheng 1.
1965 August 10 - . LV Family: DF-3. Launch Vehicle: Chang Zheng 1.
May 1966 - . LV Family: DF-3. Launch Vehicle: Chang Zheng 1.
1966 June 6 - . LV Family: DF-3. Launch Vehicle: Chang Zheng 1.
1967 January 23 - . LV Family: DF-3. Launch Vehicle: Chang Zheng 1.
1968 June 8 - . LV Family: DF-3. Launch Vehicle: Chang Zheng 1.
1969 November 16 - . Launch Site: Jiuquan. Launch Complex: Jiuquan LA2A. LV Family: DF-3. Launch Vehicle: Chang Zheng 1. FAILURE: The program distributor in the second stage broke down. The rocket crashed into the earth within view of the launch site after 69 seconds of flight.. Failed Stage: 2.
1970 April 24 - . LV Family: DF-3. Launch Vehicle: Chang Zheng 1.
1970 April 24 - . 13:35 GMT - . Launch Site: Jiuquan. Launch Complex: Jiuquan LA2A. LV Family: DF-3. Launch Vehicle: Chang Zheng 1.
1971 March 3 - . 12:15 GMT - . Launch Site: Jiuquan. Launch Complex: Jiuquan LA2A. LV Family: DF-3. Launch Vehicle: Chang Zheng 1.

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