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Manufacturer's designation for Polyot military anti-satellite system.
I1P.
Alternate designation for Polyot military anti-satellite system.
Russian manned rocketplane. Flown 1947. The MiG I-270 rocketplane began as a post-war copy of the German Ju-248 (Me-263) design. The resulting rocketplane had a more refined aerodynamic form than the Me-263 and lower gross weight.
I2M.
Manufacturer's designation for IS-P military anti-satellite system target satellite.
I2P.
Manufacturer's designation for IS-A military anti-satellite system.
IABS.
N2O4/MMH propellant rocket stage. Loaded/empty mass 1,578/275 kg. Thrust 0.98 kN. Vacuum specific impulse 312 seconds.
IAE.
American technology satellite. One launch, 1996.05.19. Deployed from Spartan 207 5/20/96; test of inflatable antenna technology. Reentered May 22.
IAE.
Brazilian agency overseeing development of rocket engines. Instituto de Aeronautica e Espace, Brazil.
IAI.
Israeli manufacturer of rockets, spacecraft, and rocket engines. Israel Aircraft Industries, Israel.
IAI solid rocket engine.
IAI solid rocket engine family.
Solid propellant rocket stage. Loaded mass 500 kg.
IAI solid rocket engine.
IAI solid rocket engine.
IAKM.
Institute of Aviation and Space Medicine (Russian abbreviation)
IAP.
Insitute d'Astrophysiqe de Paris
International Amateur/Professional Photoelectric Photometry
IAPS.
Hughes electric/mercury rocket engine. Isp=2500s. Ion Auxiliary Propulsion System work took place in the 1974-1983. Flight ready article prepared, but not flown due to budget cuts.
IATV.
Indian Advanced Technology Vehicle consisting of a solid propellant booster first stage and a scramjet second stage. The booster burned for 120 seconds to take the scramjet to an altitude of 46km and a speed of Mach 6, at which point the scramjet would ignite.
IAU.
International Astronomical Union
IAUC.
IAU Circular
Iblefeld, Herbert German Luftwaffe Luftwaffe Pilot. Colonel and Commander of the JG 1 of the German Luftwaffe.
IBM.
First Owner of STLC
IBSS.
American satellite. One launch, 1991.04.28. Sensor technology test; retrieved 5/2/91.
Japanese earth atmosphere satellite. One launch, 2009.01.23. Greenhouse Gas Observing Satellite, renamed Ibuki after launch.
ICAN.
American space tug. Antimatter-powered nuclear pulse spacecraft designed by Pennsylvania State University.
ERAU solid rocket engine. 16 kN.
American sounding rocket.
ERAU solid rocket engine. 4.1 kN.
Solid rocket stage. 16.00 kN (3,597 lbf) thrust. Mass 40 kg (88 lb).
Solid rocket stage. 4.10 kN (922 lbf) thrust. Mass 10 kg (22 lb).
ICBM.
Intercontinental ballistic missile
ICBM.
Category of launch sites.
ICCM.
Category of launch sites.
ICE.
International Cometary Explorer
Iceland
American earth land resources satellite. One launch, 2003.01.13.
ICO.
American agency. ICO, USA.
IDA.
International Dark-sky Association
American military communications satellite. 35 launches, 1966.06.16 (IDCSP 1-1) to 1968.06.13 (IDCSP 4-8).
American manned space station. Study 1959. Designed by Douglas, the Space Vehicle was represented by a full-scale model at the Ideal Home Show in London in 1962. It had a length of 19 m and was 5.2 m in diameter.
IDF.
Israeli Defence Forces, Israel.
IDL.
Interactive Data Language
IDP.
Isodecyl pelargonete
Indian agency. Defence Research and Development Laboratory, India.
IE.
American earth ionosphere satellite. One launch, 1964.08.25, Explorer 20. Ionospheric research.
IEEE.
IESD.
Instrumentation and Electronic Systems Division, MSC
Ray Bradbury's peroration to spaceflight as recounted by Oriana Fallaci.
Poem: ...my father replies that we are made to live here....
IFO.
Identifiable Flying Object
IGM.
InterGalactic Medium
IGS.
Japanese military surveillance satellite. Operational, first launched 2003.03.28. Japan's first military reconnaissance satellites, launched in optical and radar versions.
IGY.
International Geophysical Year
I-Hawk.
Popular Name of MIM-23B surface-to-air missile.
American orbital launch vehicle. Same concept as Shuttle C. Shuttle orbiter replaced by recoverable pod with shuttle main engines and payload cannister. Quick way for US to obtain heavy payload capability and reduce shuttle cost per kg to orbit by 3 X.
IHLLV; Interim Heavy Lift Launch Vehicle.
Alternate designation for Shuttle C rocket stage.
IIAE.
Institute of Aeronautics and Space Investigations
IIAE Institute of Aeronautics and Space Investigations.
Second Owner of CONAE
Argentinan sounding rocket.
Family of launch vehicles.
Solid rocket stage. Mass 100 kg (220 lb).
Solid rocket stage. Mass 115 kg (254 lb).
IK.
Russian agency overseeing development of spacecraft. IK, Russia.
Ikar.
Code name for Tselina-D military naval signals reconnaisance satellite.
Ikar.
Popular Name of Dnepr intercontinental ballistic missile.
Ikar.
Russian space tug. Study 1999. Upper stage / space tug - in production. Launched by Soyuz. Derived from propulsion module of Yantar spy satellite, over 30 flights to 1998. 50 restarts.
Ikar.
N2O4/UDMH propellant rocket stage. Loaded/empty mass 3,164/820 kg. Thrust 2.94 kN. Vacuum specific impulse 326 seconds. Derived from propulsion module of Yantar spysat, over 30 flights to 1998. 50 restarts.
Ikar.
Ukrainian intercontinental ballistic missile. Ikar was Yuzhnoye's design for a heavy ICBM, a next-generation replacement for the R-36M2. Design was begun at the beginning of the 1990's under Stanislav Us. It may have used all-solid propellants, and nested rocket stages. Work was quickly dropped after the dissolution of the Soviet Union.
Solar sail test vehicle. Released in solar orbit 0.72 AU x 1.07 AU x 2.0 deg. Deployed sail by 11 June, and acceleration due to the pressure of the light from the sun was as expected. Launched 2010.05.20,
Ukrainian earth magnetosphere satellite. One launch, 1981.08.07, Intercosmos 22. Intercosmos-Bulgaria 1300. Comprehensive investigation of physical processes in the earth's ionosphere and magnetosphere.
IKI.
Russian agency overseeing development of spacecraft. Institute of Space Research, Russia.
Ikon.
Code name for Improved Crystal military surveillance satellite.
American civilian surveillance satellite. 2 launches, 1999.04.27 (Ikonos 1) and 1999.09.24 (Ikonos). The first high resolution commercial imaging satellite.
Israeli manufacturer of spacecraft. IL Aerospace Technologies, Israel.
American manufacturer of spacecraft. ILC Dover / ILC Space Systems Division, Houston, TX, USA.
In October 1950 a military missile test site was established at the French naval base on the Ile du Levant, an offshore island in the Mediterranean near Toulon. This was named CERES (Special Weapons Research and Tests Center) in 1952 and replaced a beach site at Pampelone used for ad-hoc launches since 1948. In 1968 it was expanded to include the La Renardiere site on Pont ST Mandrier and renamed CEM (Mediterranean Test Center). La Renardiere had been used in 1945 for testing the first French liquid propelled rocket, the EA 41. Ile du Levant was known to have been used for at least 111 launches from 1956 to 1969, reaching up to 270 kilometers altitude.
MSBS launch complex. Caisson Nemo
Illarionov, Valeri Vasilyevich (1939-1999) Russian engineer cosmonaut, 1970-1992. Graduated from Higher Air Force School, 1967 Soviet Air Force, specialized in communications systems. Served as CapCom during several Soyuz missions. Also involved in the Buran program.
Illyin, Dr Yevgeni Aleksandrovich (1937-) Russian physician cosmonaut, 1965-1966.
ILRV.
American manned spaceplane. Study 1968. In late 1968 the USAF Flight Dynamics Laboratory proposed its Integrated Launch and Re-entry Vehicle. This was a 1.5 stage-to-orbit concept with an external drop tank.
ILS.
ILS
Ilyushin, Vladimir Sergeyevich Russian test pilot. Most tangible phantom cosmonaut, purported first man in orbit according to French press report two days before Gagarin. A real person and test pilot, but no evidence he ever flew in space or trained as a cosmonaut.
Russian manufacturer of rockets. Ilyushin Design Bureau, Russia.
IM-70.
Alternate designation for Talos missile.
IM-99A.
Alternate Designation of CIM-10A surface-to-air missile.
IM-99B.
Alternate Designation of CIM-10B surface-to-air missile.
American solar satellite. One launch, 2000.03.25. The IMAGE spacecraft imaged remote particle populations in the magnetosphere.
Imager for Magnetopause-to-Aurora Global Exploration.
Alternate designation for IMAGE solar satellite.
Israeli agency. ImageSat, Tel Aviv, Israel.
IMBP.
Insitute for the Study of Biomedical Problems, Russia.
IMBP.
Institute for Biomedical Problems (Russian abbreviation)
Requirement: physicians for Salyut space station missions.
Requirement: physicians for Mir space station missions.
Requirement: female physicians to visit Salyut and Mir space stations, primarily for propaganda purposes, to upstage American female astronaut flights aboard the shuttle.
Requirement: physicians for Mir space station missions.
Requirement: physicians for Mir space station missions.
Requirement: physicians for ISS space station missions.
IME.
Interplanetary meteoroid experiment
IMEWS.
Code name for DSP military early warning satellite.
IMHO.
In My Humble Opinion
American manned Mars expedition. Study 1968. In January 1968 Boeing issued a report that was the result of a 14 month study on manned Mars missions.
American space mobility device. Cancelled 1969. In 1968-69 Hamilton Standard developed this Integrated Maneuvering Life Support System (IMLSS) for the USAF Manned Orbiting Laboratory program.
IMO.
International Meteor Organization
IMP.
American earth magnetosphere satellite. 10 launches, 1963.11.27 (Explorer 18) to 1973.10.26 (Explorer 50).
American military surveillance satellite. Operational, first launch 1992.11.28. Improved CRYSTAL was an optical reconnaissance satellite built for the US National Reconnaissance Office. Prime contractor was thought to be Lockheed.
Improved Electrothermal Hydrazine Thruster.
Alternate designation for MR-502 Hydrazine rocket engine.
American sounding rocket. Unguided solid propellant single stage rocket using a military surplus M112 Hawk rocket motor. The motor was a dual thrust burner with a boost phase of 5 seconds and a sustainer phase of approximately 21 seconds. The rocket accelerated the payload then for 26 seconds with peak acceleration during the boost phase of 21g. A payload mass of 100 kg could be carried to an apogee of approximately 110 km.
Solid propellant rocket stage. Loaded mass 400 kg. Thrust 13.00 kN. The Improved Orion motor was a bi-phase propellant system that results in thrust levels of approximately 84.5 kN during the first four seconds of motor burn then trailing off to approximately 13.3 kN until burnout around 25 seconds. The fins were generally configured to provide a burn out spin rate of four cycles per second.
Improved TIROS Operational System.
Alternate designation for ITOS earth weather satellite.
IMS.
Indian military surveillance radar satellite. One launch, 2008.04.28. Indian Mini Satellite, a small imaging satellite.
IMU.
Inertial measurement unit
in.
inch(es)
Category of launch vehicles.
India
Indian AF.
Launches from naval vessels at undocumented locations in the Indian Ocean accounted for 8 launches from 1967 to 1976, reaching up to 150 kilometers altitude.
Indonesia
Indonesian agency overseeing development of spacecraft. PT Media Citra Indostar, Jakarta, Indonesia.
American low cost orbital launch vehicle. Low-cost hybrid launch vehicle proposed by AMROC in the 1980's.
Canadian gun-launched sounding rocket. Columbiad Launch Services announced itself publicly in August 2003. They were then developing a high-volume Industrial Sounding System based on gun propulsion technology, which was scheduled to be fully operational by late 2004. This would also serve as a prototype for a follow-on orbital gun-based launch system.
American manned space station module. Study 1982. In 1982 Space Industries Inc. planned to develop an 'Industrial Space Facility' (ISF), a 'mini space station' that would fly unmanned most of the time but be serviced regularly by the Space Shuttle.
Portugese agency. INETI, Portugal.
INF.
The Intermediate Nuclear Forces Treaty banned intermediate-range nuclear weapons in Europe.
Inflatable Antenna Experiment.
Alternate designation for IAE technology satellite.
Russian communications satellite. One launch, 1991.01.29, Oscar 21. Informator was the spacecraft component of the planned Koskon medium earth-orbit communications satellite system.
AO Informkosmos, Russia
InfraRed Astronomical Satellite.
Alternate designation for IRAS infrared astronomy satellite.
Category of spacecraft.
Infrared Background Signature Survey.
Alternate designation for IBSS infrared astronomy satellite.
Infrared Space Observatory.
Alternate designation for ISO infrared astronomy satellite.
Initial Defense Communictions Satellite Program.
Alternate designation for IDCSP military communications satellite.
Russian orbital launch vehicle. While Chelomei's OKB was still preparing the UR-200 draft project, it was proposed to use this as the basis for the UR-500 heavy universal rocket, with five times the payload capacity. These initial 1961 studies consisted of 4 two-stage UR-200 rockets lashed together, the first and second stages working in parallel in clusters. A third stage would be modified from the UR-200 second stage. However analysis indicated that the payload capacity could not meet the military's requirements.
American earth magnetosphere satellite. 5 launches, 1961.06.29 (Injun 1) to 1968.08.08 (Explorer 40). Radiation decay data satellite. May also have been a cover for some NRL ELINT satellites.
Mobile communications satellite network.
Citizen of the World agency overseeing development of spacecraft. International Maritime Satellite Organization, International.
INP.
INP
INPE.
Brazilian agency overseeing development of rockets and spacecraft. Instituto Nacional de Pesquisas Espacias, Sao Jose dos Campos, Brazil.
Insat (Indian National Satellite System) was a multipurpose satellite system for telecommunications, broadcasting, meteorology and search and rescue services.
Indian communications satellite. 5 launches, 1981.06.19 (Apple) to 1990.06.12 (Insat-1D; Insat 1D). Experimental communications satellite.
Indian communications satellite. 5 launches, 1992.07.09 (Insat-2A) to 1999.04.02 (Insat 2E).
Indian communications satellite bus. Operational, first launch 2000.03.21. The multipurpose satellite design provided telecommunications, television broadcasting, meteorological and search and rescue services.
American military anti-satellite system. Study 1965. Follow-on to SAINT anti-satellite. No information available beyond the name.
James Oberg's account of a visit to the long-secret Baikonur cosmodrome.
German logistics spacecraft. One launch, 1997.10.05, X-Mir Inspector. Robotic spacecraft designed for free flight and camera inspection of the exterior of the Space Shuttle or International Space Station.
Chinese manufacturer of rockets and spacecraft. Institute 601, China.
Chinese manufacturer.
Instrument Unit.
Alternate designation for S-IVB IU manned space station module.
INTA.
The Instituto Nacional de Tecnica Aerospacial was tasked in 1967 to develop Spain's first sounding rocket. INTA contracted with British Aerojet to provide the necessary technical expertise and designed a rocket built from existing British solid motors. This was followed by versions using Spanish-manufactured versions of British motors. The stop-and-go program extended over nearly 30 years.
INTA.
The Instituto Nacional de Tecnica Aerospacial was tasked in 1967 to develop Spain's first sounding rocket. INTA contracted with British Aerojet to provide the necessary technical expertise and designed a rocket built from existing British solid motors. This was followed by versions using Spanish-manufactured versions of British motors. The stop-and-go program extended over nearly 30 years.
INTA.
Spanish agency overseeing development of rockets and spacecraft. Instituto Nacional de Tecnica Aeroespacial, Torrejon, Spain.
Spanish sounding rocket. Vehicle consisting of 4 x Chick + 1 x Goose. All motors ignited simultaneously at lift-off, the Chicks burning for 0.2 seconds, while the Goose continued for 17 seconds.
Solid rocket stage. 20.00 kN (4,496 lbf) thrust.
Solid rocket stage. 22.00 kN (4,946 lbf) thrust. Mass 300 kg (661 lb).
Spanish sounding rocket. Two stage vehicle consisting of 1 x Heron + 1 x Snipe
Solid rocket stage. 137.00 kN (30,799 lbf) thrust. Mass 300 kg (661 lb).
Spanish sounding rocket. Later version for heavier payloads fired in 1993-1994.
Spanish communications technology satellite. One launch, 1974.11.15. Spanish communications satellite.
European gamma ray astronomy satellite. One launch, 2002.10.17. INTEGRAL (INTErnational Gamma Ray Astrophysics Laboratory) was a European (ESA) astrophysics satellite. The four-ton (with fuel) cylindrical (5 m height and 3.
Integrated Apogee Boost Subsystem.
Alternate designation for IABS rocket stage.
Integrated Cargo Carrier.
Alternate designation for ATV ICC space tug.
Integrated Launch and Re-entry Vehicle.
Alternate designation for ILRV manned spaceplane.
Integrated Maneuvering Life Support System, 1968.
Alternate designation for IMLSS space suit.
Integrated Manned Interplanetary Spacecraft.
Alternate designation for IMIS 1968 manned mars expedition.
Integrated Missile Early Warning Satellites.
Manufacturer's designation for DSP military early warning satellite.
Integrated Powerhead Demonstrator.
Manufacturer's designation of IPD Lox-LH2 rocket engine.
Integrated Rendezvous Target.
Alternate designation for IRT technology satellite.
Int'l Telecommunications Satellite Organization, UN
Intelsat operated the world's first commercial communications satellite. It has provided the scheduled transoceanic television and voice and data communications service ever since.
American agency. International Telecommunications Satellite Organization, Washington DC. , Washington, DC, USA
American communications satellite. One launch, 1965.04.06. Intelsat 1, also called Early Bird, was the world's first commercial communications satellite. It provided the first scheduled transoceanic TV service and was operational for 3.5 years.
American communications satellite. 4 launches, 1966.10.26 (Intelsat 2 F-1) to 1967.09.28 (Intelsat 2 F-4). The Intelsat 2 series expanded ITSO coverage to include 2/3 of the Earth's surface.
American communications satellite. 8 launches, 1968.09.19 (Intelsat-3 F-1) to 1970.07.23 (Intelsat 3 F-8). Intelsat 3 spacecraft were used to relay commercial global telecommunications including live TV.
American communications satellite. 8 launches, 1971.01.26 (Intelsat 4 F-2) to 1975.05.22 (Intelsat 4 F-1). The Intelsat 4 series continued the growth of the Intelsat communications network.
American communications satellite. 10 launches, 1975.09.26 (Intelsat 4A F-1) to 1981.02.21 (Comstar 4). Intelsat 4A satellites increased satellite capacity to 7250 voice circuits or 2 TV channels.
American communications satellite. 9 launches, 1980.12.06 (Intelsat 5 F-2) to 1984.06.09 (Intelsat 5 F-9). The last five of the nine spacecraft in this block carry a maritime mobile payload (seven additional transponders) for lease by Inmarsat.
American communications satellite. 6 launches, 1985.03.22 (Intelsat 5A F-10) to 1989.01.27 (Intelsat 5A F-15). The Intelsat 5A series was derived from the Intelsat 5.
Interbol.
Alternate designation for Prognoz-M earth magnetosphere satellite.
International cooperative satellites with a variety of missions, launched by Soviet boosters.
Requirement: pilots from friendly socialist countries to visit Salyut space stations for propaganda purposes on Soyuz ferry-exchange missions.
Requirement: pilots from friendly socialist countries to visit Salyut space stations for propaganda purposes on Soyuz ferry-exchange missions.
Requirement: pilots from friendly socialist countries to visit Salyut space stations for propaganda purposes on Soyuz ferry-exchange missions.
American agency. Interfer, USA.
Interim Heavy Lift Launch Vehicle.
Alternate designation for IHLLV orbital launch vehicle.
Initiated by a British Aerospace team led by Dr Bob Parkinson in 1991, this was a less ambitious, scaled-back version of the original HOTOL. The single-stage to orbit winged launch vehicle using four Russian rocket engines. It was to have been air-launched from a Ukrainian An-225 Mriya (Dream) aircraft. Interim HOTOL would separate from the carrier aircraft at subsonic speeds, and would then pull up for the ascent to orbit. It would return via a gliding re-entry and landing on gear on a conventional runway. Interim HOTOL suffered from the same aerodynamic design challenges as HOTOL and went through many, many design iterations in the quest for a practical design.
Lox/LH2 propellant rocket stage. Loaded/empty mass 250,000/33,100 kg. Thrust 7,840.00 kN. Vacuum specific impulse 455 seconds.
International
Requirement: French pilot astronaut to visit Salyut space station for propaganda purposes on Soyuz ferry-exchange missions.
Requirement: pilots from India to visit Salyut space station for propaganda purposes on Soyuz ferry-exchange mission.
Requirement: pilots from Syria to visit Salyut space station for propaganda purposes on Soyuz ferry-exchange mission.
Requirement: French test pilot for missions aboard Hermes, Mir, and Buran.
Requirement: pilot from Bulgaria to visit Mir space station for propaganda purposes on Soyuz ferry-exchange mission. This was compensation mission due to failure to deliver Bulgarian cosmonaut on earlier mission to Salyut.
Requirement: pilots from Afghanistan to visit Salyut space station for propaganda purposes on Soyuz ferry-exchange mission.
Requirement: pilots from Slovakia to visit Mir space station for propaganda purposes on Soyuz ferry-exchange mission.
American manned space station. Development from 1994. Assembled in orbit from 1998, with completion expected 2010. In 1987-1993 the Russians successfully assembled and operated the 124-metric ton Mir station.
International Sun-Earth Explorer.
Alternate designation for ISEE earth magnetosphere satellite.
International Ultraviolet Explorer..
Alternate designation for IUE ultraviolet astronomy satellite.
American manufacturer of rockets and spacecraft. Interorbital Systems, USA.
Electric/Xenon propellant rocket stage. Loaded/empty mass 65,700/15,700 kg. Thrust 0.03 kN. Vacuum specific impulse 3000 seconds. Beginning in 1978 the 11B97 nuclear electric engine was studied for use in a reusable interorbital space tug for launch by Energia-Buran. In 1982, according to the decree of 5 February 1981, NPO Energia developed for the Ministry of Defence the interorbital tug Gerkules with 550 kWt maximum output and continuous operation in the 50-150 kWt range for 3 to 5 years. In 1986 a civilian interorbital tug was studied to solve the specific application of transporting heavy satellites of 100 tonnes to geostationary orbit, launched by Energia.
Russian space tug. Cancelled 1991. Upper stage / space tug - nuclear electric space tug, to be launched by Energia-2. Developed 1978-1991, ultimately cancelled.
Interplanetary Monitoring Platform.
Alternate designation for IMP earth magnetosphere satellite.
AO Intersputnik, Moskva, Russia
Russian agency. Intersputnik, Russia.
American manufacturer of rockets. Interstate, USA.
Interstate BQ-4-TDR.htm.
Alternate designation for BQ-4-TDR intermediate range cruise missile.
Argentinan manufacturer of spacecraft. INVAP SA, Bariloche, Argentina.
Ion.
American space tug. Study 1990. 1970's conceptual design of ion upper stage sized for use in the shuttle. It was nuclear-electric and intended for trans-Jovian planetary missions
Ion.
Electric/Mercury propellant rocket stage. Loaded/empty mass 15,627/5,498 kg. Thrust 0.27 kN. Vacuum specific impulse 5300 seconds. 1970's conceptual design of ion upper stage sized for use in the shuttle. It was nuclear-electric and intended for trans-Jovian planetary missions
Ion.
Notional electric/mercury rocket engine. 0.275 kN. Study 1981. Conceptual ion engine design of the 1970's for a shuttle-sized upper stage. Isp=5300s.
Ion engine technology satellite.
Category of spacecraft.
Russian earth ionosphere satellite. 2 launches, 1969.12.27 (Ionosfernaya?) and 1970.12.02 (Cosmos 381). Ionospheric studies. Used the basic KAUR-1 bus, consisting of a 2.
Region of ionized gases surrounding the Earth and extending from about 60 km (33 naut. mi) to distances up to several hundred kilometers. The ionization in this region is due to bombardment by ultraviolet radiation and X-rays from the Sun, and by cosmic rays. The existence of this region makes possible longrange radio communications through reflection of terrestrial radio transmission.
Ionosphere Explorer.
Alternate designation for IE earth ionosphere satellite.
Category of spacecraft.
Iosifyian, Andronik Gevondovich (1905-1993) Armenian-Russian chief designer. Chief Designer 1941-1974 of Nll-627/VNIIEM. Specialised in power sources and remote-sensing spacecraft.
IOTA.
Infrared-Optical Telescope Array
IP.
Tracking station (Russian abbreviation)
IPD.
Rocketdyne lox/lh2 rocket engine. 1100 kN. Development ended 2006. Integrated Powerhead Demonstrator, end goal was flight-rated, full-flow, hydrogen-fueled, staged combustion rocket engine in the 1.1-million-newton thrust class.
IPDI.
Isophorone diiosocyanate
IPS.
Inertial Pointing System
IPST.
Israel Program for Scientific Information
IQSY.
American solar satellite. One launch, 1965.11.19, Explorer 30. Solar radiation data.
IR.
InfraRed
IRAF.
Image Reduction and Analysis Facility
Iran.
Iran, following a thirty year effort to acquire foreign technology however possible, launched its first satellite in 2009.
Iran Telecommunications Company.
Iranian short range ballistic missile.
Iraq.
Iraq
Iraq MIC
Iraqi Army
IRAS.
American infrared astronomy satellite. 2 launches, 1983.01.26 (IRAS) and (PIX 2). All-sky survey of astronomical IR bodies.
IRBM.
Intermediate range ballistic missile
IRBM.
Category of launch sites.
IRCM.
Category of launch sites.
IRDT.
Russian manned rescue spacecraft. First launch 2000.02.08. Inflatable re-entry and descent technology vehicle designed to return payloads from space to the earth or another planet. Tested three times, with only one partially successful recovery.
Ireland
IRF.
Swedish Inst. for Space Physics, Kiruna, Sweden
Inhibited Red Fuming Nitric Acid
The Iridium system is a commercial communications network comprised of a constellation of 66 LEO spacecraft. The system uses L-Band to provide global communications services through portable handsets.
American agency overseeing development of spacecraft. Iridium Inc. , Washington DC. , Washington, DC, USA
Iris.
Sounding rocket developed by the US Navy, then handed over to NASA. Flown only four times, but then used in unique Hydra-Iris test series.
Iris.
American sounding rocket. Sounding rocket developed by Navy, then handed over to NASA. Flown only four times, but then used in unique Hydra-Iris test series.
Iris.
BPD solid rocket engine. 29.4 kN. Out of production. Isp=291s. Used on CZ-1M launch vehicle.
Solid rocket stage. 84.00 kN (18,884 lbf) thrust. Mass 100 kg (220 lb).
Headquarters of an RVSN Division, 1982-present. Division moved from Lithuania. Base for units deployed with 36 RT-2PM launchers.
IRLS.
Interrogation, recording, and location system
IRR.
Alternate designation for AMROC IRR rocket stage.
IRS.
IRS.
Indian Remote Sensing Satellite. Operational, first launch 1988.03.17. Remote sensing of the Earth for natural resources management applications.
IRSA.
IRSA
IRT.
American technology satellite. One launch, 1984.02.03. Deployed from STS 41B 2/5/84.
Irwin, James Benson 'Jim' (1930-1991) American test pilot astronaut. Flew on Apollo 15. Eighth person to walk on the moon.
IS.
Antisatellite satellite (ASAT) (Russian abbreviation)
IS.
Alternate designation for IS-A military anti-satellite system.
ISA.
Israeli agency overseeing development of spacecraft. Israeli Space Agency, Israel.
IS-A.
Russian military anti-satellite system. 22 launches, 1967.10.27 (Cosmos 185) to 1982.06.18 (Cosmos 1379). First operational ASAT. Tested in 1967-1971 and deployed through the late 1970's. Design as revised by Yangel and Korolev from Chelomei's original.
ISAC.
Japanese agency. Telecom Information Sharing and Analysis Centre.
Isakov, Vladimir Timofeyevich (1940-) Russian navigator cosmonaut, 1967-1983.
ISAS.
Interstage Adapter Subsystem, consisting of the STAR-37M solid rocket motor, the Interstage Adapter for Clementine, and radiation detectors. It transmitted radiation data on the Van Allen Radiation belts for three months. American military technology satellite. One launch, 1994.01.25.
ISAS.
Japanese agency overseeing development of rockets, spacecraft, and rocket engines. Institute of Space and Astronautical Science, Japan.
Isaulov, Yuri Fedorovich (1943-) Russian pilot cosmonaut, 1970-1982.
Isayev, Aleksei Mikhailovich (1908-1971) Soviet Chief Designer at OKB-2, 1947-1971. Developed storable rocket engines for missiles, supplying innovative engines for Scuds, SLBM's. Leading designer of restartable space engines for satellites, manned spacecraft, and space stations.
Isayev Design Bureau, Russia.
Isayev Nitric acid/Amine rocket engine. 218 (S-25 system). Out of Production. Launch thrust 166 kN.
Isayev Nitric acid/UDMH rocket engine. 3.920 kN. DOS-3/4. Out of Production.
Isayev Nitric acid/Amine rocket engine. 11.9 kN. P-15 Termit. Out of Production. Designation unknown. Thrust range 11.895-5.43 kN.
Isayev N2O4/UDMH rocket engine. 3.920 kN. Polet/IS. Out of Production.
Isayev Nitric acid/Kerosene rocket engine. 131.2 kN. R-17. Out of production. Designation unknown. First flight 1961.
Isayev N2O4/UDMH rocket engine. 0.390 kN. TKS, Almaz. In Production.
Isayev Nitric acid/Amine rocket engine. 30.4 kN. SAM-missile V-750V. Out of Production. Designation unknown.
ISBN.
International Standard Book Number, an internationally-agreed system of numbering publications.
Russian short-range ballistic missile.
ISEE.
American earth magnetosphere satellite. 3 launches, 1977.10.22 (ISEE 1) to 1978.08.12 (ISEE 3). These Explorer-class heliocentric spacecraft were part of the mother/daughter/heliocentric mission (ISEE 1, 2, and 3).
Ishlinskiy, Aleksandr Yulevich (1913-) Russian scientist. Director of Institute of Mechanics 1964-1989. Prepared space communiqués.
American winged rocketplane. CIA air-launched, rocket-powered high speed manned vehicle project of 1965-1968 that developed basic technologies used in later shuttle and reusable launch vehicle programmes.
American manned spaceplane. Study 1965. CIA air-launched, rocket-powered high speed manned vehicle project of 1965-1968 that developed basic technologies used in later shuttle and reusable launch vehicle programs.
Isis.
Canadian earth magnetosphere satellite. 2 launches, 1969.01.30 (Isis 1) and 1971.04.01 (Isis 2). Ionospheric measurements; data correlated with measurements from Alouette 1.
New Russian tactical ballistic missile, conceived as a follow-on to the Scud. First fired on 25 October 1995.
Russian amateur radio communications satellite. 3 launches, 1981.07.10 (Iskra) to 1982.11.18 (Iskra 3). Launched from Salyut 7 airlock. Conduct of experiments in the field of amateur radio communications.
Russian agency. KB Iskra / Moscow Aviation Institute, Russia.
ISM.
InterStellar Medium
Russian military anti-satellite system. Reportedly deployed in 1990. Improved modernized ASAT/ABM. Reportedly deployed in 1980's without flight test, replacing IS-A. Accepted into military service in 1991.
ISO.
International Standards Organization
ISO.
European infrared astronomy satellite. One launch, 1995.11.17. Infrared astrophysics.
Isotopes of an element have the same number of protons in their nuclei, and hence represent the same element, but they differ in the number of neutrons and therefore in mass number.
IS-P.
Russian military anti-satellite system target satellite. 4 launches, 1968.04.24 (Cosmos 217) to 1970.10.20 (Cosmos 373). ASAT Target, launched by R-36. Evidently a derivative of the first IS-A ASAT itself.
ISPM.
International Solar Polar Mission (now Ulysses)
Israel
ISRC.
Commissione Ricerche Spaziali
ISRO.
Indian manufacturer of rockets, spacecraft, and rocket engines. Indian Space Research Organization, India.
ISS.
Category of spacecraft.
ISS.
Finally completed in 2010 after a torturous 25-year development and production process, the International Space Station was originally conceived as the staging post for manned exploration of the solar systrem. Instead, it was seemed to be the death knell of manned spaceflight.
ISS 7A.1.
Alternate designation for STS-105 manned spaceflight.
Europe's first long-duration mission to the ISS. Crew: Reiter.Thomas Reiter lived and worked on board the ISS for five months. Backup crew: Eyharts.
Crew: Duque. Spanish / ESA astronaut. Primary mission was to swap Soyuz lifeboats. Backup crew: Kuipers.
ISS Columbus Orbiting Facility.
European manned space station. Launched 2008.02.07. In October 1993, ESA decided to further slash its overall budget by a combined $4.8 billion in 1994-2000. The Columbus space station module survived, but in a reduced form.
ISS Commercial Enterprise Module.
American manned space station module. Study 1999. The Russian economic crisis provided some intriguing opportunities for private industry.
Crew: Kuipers. European Space Agency / Netherlands space mission to the ISS. Primary mission was to swap Soyuz lifeboats. Backup crew: Thiele.
American manned space station module. Launched 2001. American ISS module, a cylindrical structure that functioned as a science and technology module and the primary control module for the ISS.
American space suit, operational 1993. Upgraded version of the Shuttle EMU with improved sizing and mobility, 25 EVA certification, Hamilton Standard and ILC Dover.
ISS Eneide.
Alternate designation for ISS EP-8 manned spaceflight.
Crew: Gidzenko, Krikalyov, Shepherd. First ISS resident crew. Backup crew: Bowersox, Dezhurov, Tyurin.
Crew: Sharipov, Chiao. Two-man Russian/American crew to provide minimal manning of ISS space station while the shuttle was grounded. Replaced EO-9 crew. Backup crew: McArthur, Tokarev.
Crew: Krikalyov, Phillips. Two-man Russian/American crew to provide minimal manning of ISS space station while the shuttle was grounded. Replaced EO-10 crew. Backup crew: Tyurin, Tani.
Six-month long-term resident crew of the International Space Station. Crew: Tokarev, McArthur. Backup crew: Williams Jeffrey, Tyurin.
Six-month long-term resident crew of the International Space Station. Crew: Vinogradov, Williams Jeffrey. Backup crew: Fincke, Yurchikhin, Eyharts.
Six-month long-term resident crew of the International Space Station. Crew: Tyurin, Lopez-Alegria. Backup crew: Whitson, Malenchenko.
Crew: Williams. Backup crew: Anderson Clayton.
Six-month, long-term, all-Russian resident crew of the International Space Station. Crew: Kotov, Yurchikhin. Soyuz reentered with the forward hatch taking the re-entry heating, until the connecting strut burned through. 8.6 G ballistic re-entry, landing 340 km short. Backup crew: Romanenko Roman, Korniyenko.
NASA long-term third ISS astronaut residence mission. Crew: Anderson Clayton. Record duration female mission. Williams replaced Reiter as third long-duration crew member aboard the station. Backup crew: Chamitoff.
Anderson replaced Williams as third long-duration crew member aboard the station.
Crew: Whitson, Malenchenko. First female space station commander. Six-month, long-term, resident crew of the International Space Station. Backup crew: Sharipov, Fincke.
NASA long-term third ISS astronaut residence mission. Crew: Tani. Tani replaced Anderson as third long-duration crew member aboard the station. Backup crew: Magnus.
NASA long-term third ISS astronaut residence mission. Crew: Eyharts. Eyharts replaced Tani as third long-duration crew member aboard the station. Backup crew: De Winne.
NASA long-term third ISS astronaut residence mission. Crew: Reisman. Reisman replaced Eyharts as third long-duration crew member aboard the station. Backup crew: Kopra.
Crew: Volkov Sergey, Kononenko O D. Six-month, long-term, resident crew of the International Space Station. Backup crew: Surayev, Skripochka.
NASA long-term third ISS astronaut residence mission. Crew: Chamitoff. Chamitoff replaced Reisman as third long-duration crew member aboard the station. Backup crew: Creamer.
Crew: Lonchakov, Fincke. Six-month, long-term, resident crew of the International Space Station. Backup crew: Padalka, Barratt.
NASA long-term third ISS astronaut residence mission. Crew: Magnus. Magnus replaced Chamitoff as third long-duration crew member aboard the station. Backup crew: Stott.
NASA long-term third ISS astronaut residence mission. Crew: Wakata. Wakata replaced Magnus as third long-duration crew member aboard the station. Backup crew: Noguchi.
ISS long-term residence mission. Crew: Padalka, Barratt. Six-month, long-term, resident crew of the International Space Station. Backup crew: Surayev, Williams Jeffrey.
Crew: Helms, Usachyov, Voss. Three-person crew to operate the station and provide support during station replenishment and assembly missions Progress M-44, Progress M1-6, Soyuz TM-31, Soyuz TM-32 vehicles and Space Shuttles flights 5A.1, 6A, 7A, 7A.1. Backup crew: Bursch, Onufrienko, Walz.
ISS long-term residence mission. Crew: Romanenko Roman, De Winne,Thirsk. Six-month, long-term, resident crew of the International Space Station. Backup crew: Kondratiyev, Kuipers,Hadfield.
NASA long-term third ISS astronaut residence mission. NASA long-term third ISS astronaut, arriving aboard STS-127, and replacing NASDA astronaut Wakata aboard the station. Returned aboard STS-128. Backup crew: Creamer.
NASA long-term third ISS astronaut residence mission. Crew: Stott. Final NASA long-term third ISS astronaut, arriving aboard STS-128, replacing astronaut Kopra aboard the station. Returned on STS-129. Backup crew: Coleman.
ISS long-term residence mission. Crew: Surayev, Williams Jeffrey. Backup crew: Skvortsov, Walker.
ISS long-term residence mission. Crew: Kotov, Creamer, Noguchi. Backup crew: Wheelock, Shkaplerov, Furukawa.
ISS long-term residence mission. Crew: Skvortsov, Aleksandr; Korniyenko; Caldwell. Backup crew: Borisenko, Andrei; Samokutyaev; Kelly.
ISS long-term residence mission. Crew: Yurchikhin; Wheelock; Walker, Shannon. Backup crew: Kondratiyev, Dmitry; Nespoli; Coleman.
ISS long-term residence mission. Crew: Kelly, Kaleri, Skripochka. Backup crew: Kononenko, O D; Kaleri; Garan.
ISS long-term residence mission. Crew: Kondratiyev, Dmitry; Nespoli; Coleman. Backup crew: Ivanishin; Furukawa; Fossum.
ISS long-term residence mission. Crew: Samokutyayev; Borisenko; Garan. Backup crew: Shkaplerov; Ivanishin; Burbank. Return delayed eight days after failure of Progress M-12M to reach orbit. Communications dropout after retrofire created concern for the crew, but they landed safely.
ISS long-term residence mission. Crew: Volkov, Sergey; Fossum; Furukawa. Backup crew: Kononenko; Pettit; Kuipers. This crew manned the station alone for six weeks due to the failure of the Soyuz launch vehicle carrying Progress M-12M and the subsequent delay in the launch of the Soyuz EO-29 crew to replace the departed Soyuz EO-27 crew.
ISS long-term residence mission. Launch delayed six weeks due to Progress M-12M launch vehicle failure. Crew: Shkaplerov; Ivanishin; Burbank. Backup crew: Padalka; Revin; Acaba.
Crew: Culbertson, Dezhurov, Tyurin. Three-person crew to operate the station and provide support during station replenishment and assembly missions Progress M-45, Progress M-DC1, Progress M1-7, Soyuz TM-33, Soyuz TM-32 vehicles and Space Shuttles during flights 7A.1, UF1. Backup crew: Korzun, Treshchev, Whitson.
Crew: Bursch, Onufrienko, Walz. Three-person crew to operate the station and provide support during station replenishment and assembly missions Progress M1-7, Progress M1-8 and Space Shuttle missions 8A, UF2 Backup crew: Padalka, Robinson, Fincke.
Crew: Korzun, Treshchev, Whitson. Three-person crew to operate the ISS and provide support during station replenishment and assembly missions Progress M1-8, Progress M-46, Progress M1-9, Soyuz TMA-1, Soyuz TM-34 and Space Shuttle in Flights 9A and 11A. Backup crew: Kaleri, Kondratiyev Dmitry, Kelly Scott.
Crew: Bowersox, Budarin, Pettit. First ISS crew to have to return in a lifeboat spacecraft. ISS assembly missions cancelled after Columbia disaster. Crew relieved by two-man crew to keep ISS functioning while shuttle grounded. On return Soyuz guidance failed; 8G ballistic reentry. Backup crew: Sharipov, Fincke.
Crew: Lu, Malenchenko. Two-man Russian/American crew to provide minimal manning of space station while shuttle is grounded. Replaced three-man crew aboard ISS since before STS-107 disaster. Backup crew: Kaleri, Foale.
Crew: Kaleri, Foale. Two-man Russian/American crew to provide minimal manning of space station while shuttle is grounded. Replaced EO-7 crew. Backup crew: McArthur, Tokarev.
Crew: Fincke, Padalka. Two-man Russian/American crew to provide minimal manning of ISS space station while the shuttle was grounded. Replaced EO-8 crew. Backup crew: Chiao, Sharipov.
Crew: Baturin, Musabayev, Tito. First space tourist. Mission to swap Soyuz lifeboats docked to ISS. Backup crew: Afanasyev, Kozeyev.
First Brazilian astronaut. Crew: Pontes. Mission to swap Soyuz lifeboats docked to station. Backup crew: Volkov Sergey.
Crew: Ansari. First female space tourist. First Iranian astronaut. Mission to swap Soyuz lifeboats docked to station. Backup crew: Enomoto.
Space tourist mission of Hungarian-American billionare. Crew: Simonyi. Mission to swap Soyuz lifeboats docked to station.
Crew: Muszaphar. Malaysian astronaut. Mission to swap Soyuz lifeboats docked to station. Backup crew: Khaleed.
Crew: Yi So-yeon. First Korean astronaut mission. Mission to swap Soyuz lifeboats docked to station. Backup crew: Ko San.
Crew: Garriott Richard. Space tourist. Mission to swap Soyuz lifeboats docked to station. Backup crew: Halik.
Crew: Simonyi. First space tourist to fly to space twice; and the last tourist to the ISS until the Orion spacecraft becomes operational. Mission to swap Soyuz lifeboats docked to station. Backup crew: Dyson.
Crew: Afanasyev, Andre-Deshays, Kozeyev. French cosmonaut. Mission to swap Soyuz lifeboats docked to station. Backup crew: Zalyotin, Kyzhelnaya.
Crew: Gidzenko, Shuttleworth, Vittori. First South African astronaut. Mission to swap Soyuz lifeboats docked to station. Backup crew: Padalka, Kononenko O D.
Crew: De Winne, Lonchakov, Zalyotin. First flight of the Soyuz TMA spacecraft. Belgian astronaut. Mission to swap Soyuz lifeboats docked to station. Backup crew: Lazutkin.
ISS EP-5.
Alternate designation for ISS Cervantes manned spaceflight.
ISS EP-6.
Alternate designation for ISS Delta manned spaceflight.
Crew: Shargin. Mission to swap Soyuz lifeboats docked to station. Russian cosmonaut sent for a ten day mission aboard the ISS while the EO-9/EO-10 long duration crews handed duties over to each other.
Crew: Vittori. Italian ESA astronaut. Mission to swap Soyuz lifeboats docked to station. Backup crew: Thirsk.
American space tourist. Crew: Olsen. Mission to swap Soyuz lifeboats docked to station. Backup crew: Kostenko.
American manned space station module. need summary - see links
American manned space station module. Study 1992.
American manned space station reusable supply module. Launched and returned to earth, 2001-2011. When the International Space Station (ISS) was redesigned again in 1993, it was decided to expand the original Mini-Pressurized Logistics Module design.
Russian manned space station module. One launch, 2001.09.14. Russian docking and airlock module for the International Space Station. The Stikovochniy Otsek No. 1 (SO1, Docking Module 1), article 240GK No.
American manned space station module. One launch, 2001.07.12. The Quest Joint Airlock was delivered to the ISS by STS-104 and installed onto the Unity module.
ISS Russian Science and Power Platform.
Russian manned space station module. Cancelled 1994. The RSPP was originally going to be launched on six Russian Proton rockets fairly early during the ISS assembly phase.
ISS Space Station Remote Manipulator System.
Canadian manned space station module. One launch, 2001.02.07. When the Space Station plan was changed in 1987, its satellite servicing element was postponed indefinitely.
American visible astronomy satellite. Study 1988. The Space Station's free-flying unmanned platforms were all deleted in 1987-90 to compensate for the budget cuts. However, some of them may yet be reintroduced in the 21st century.
ISS UF-1.
Alternate designation for STS-108 manned spaceflight.
ISS UF-2.
Alternate designation for STS-111 manned spaceflight.
American manned space station. One launch, 1998.10.29, Unity. Unity was the first U.S.-built component of the International Space Station.
Russian manned space station. One launch, 1998.11.20, Zarya.
Russian manned space station. One launch, 2000.07.12, Zvezda. The Zvezda service module of the International Space Station had its origins a quarter century before it was launched.
ISS-10A.
Alternate designation for STS-120 manned spaceflight.
ISS-10S.
Alternate designation for ISS EO-11 manned spaceflight.
ISS-11A.
Alternate designation for STS-113 manned spaceflight.
ISS-12A.
Alternate designation for STS-115 manned spaceflight.
ISS-12A.1.
Alternate designation for STS-116 manned spaceflight.
ISS-13A.
Alternate designation for STS-117 manned spaceflight.
ISS-13A.1.
Alternate designation for STS-118 manned spaceflight.
ISS-14A.
Alternate designation for STS-131A manned spaceflight.
ISS-14S.
Alternate designation for ISS EO-15 manned spaceflight.
ISS-15A.
Alternate designation for STS-119 manned spaceflight.
ISS-15S.
Alternate designation for ISS EO-16 manned spaceflight.
ISS-16A.
Alternate designation for STS-134A manned spaceflight.
ISS-16S.
Alternate designation for ISS EO-17 manned spaceflight.
ISS-17A.
Alternate designation for STS-128 manned spaceflight.
ISS-17S.
Alternate designation for ISS EO-18 manned spaceflight.
ISS-18A.
Alternate designation for STS-136A manned spaceflight.
ISS-18S.
Alternate designation for ISS EO-19 manned spaceflight.
ISS-19A.
Alternate designation for STS-130 manned spaceflight.
ISS-19S.
Alternate designation for ISS EO-20 manned spaceflight.
ISS-1E.
Alternate designation for STS-122 manned spaceflight.
ISS-1J.
Alternate designation for STS-124 manned spaceflight.
ISS-1J/A.
Alternate designation for STS-123 manned spaceflight.
ISS-20A.
Alternate designation for STS-132 manned spaceflight.
ISS-20S.
Alternate designation for ISS EO-21 manned spaceflight.
ISS-21S.
Alternate designation for ISS EO-22 manned spaceflight.
ISS-22S.
Alternate designation for ISS EO-23 manned spaceflight.
ISS-23S.
Alternate designation for ISS EO-24 manned spaceflight.
ISS-24S.
Alternate designation for ISS EO-25 manned spaceflight.
ISS-2A.
Alternate designation for STS-88 manned spaceflight.
ISS-2A.1.
Alternate designation for STS-96 manned spaceflight.
ISS-2A.2a.
Alternate designation for STS-101 manned spaceflight.
ISS-2A.2b.
Alternate designation for STS-106 manned spaceflight.
ISS-2J/A.
Alternate designation for STS-127 manned spaceflight.
ISS-2R.
Alternate designation for ISS EO-1 manned spaceflight.
ISS-2S.
Alternate designation for ISS EP-1 manned spaceflight.
ISS-3A.
Alternate designation for STS-92 manned spaceflight.
ISS-3S.
Alternate designation for ISS EP-2 manned spaceflight.
ISS-4A.
Alternate designation for STS-97 manned spaceflight.
ISS-4S.
Alternate designation for ISS EP-3 manned spaceflight.
ISS-5.
Alternate designation for STS-111 manned spaceflight.
ISS-5A.
Alternate designation for STS-98 manned spaceflight.
ISS-5A.1.
Alternate designation for STS-102 manned spaceflight.
ISS-5S.
Alternate designation for ISS EP-4 manned spaceflight.
ISS-6A.
Alternate designation for STS-100 manned spaceflight.
ISS-6S.
Alternate designation for ISS EO-7 manned spaceflight.
ISS-6SA.
Alternate designation for Soyuz TMA-2A manned spaceflight.
ISS-7A.
Alternate designation for STS-104 manned spaceflight.
ISS-7S.
Alternate designation for ISS EO-8 manned spaceflight.
ISS-7SA.
Alternate designation for Soyuz TMA-3A manned spaceflight.
ISS-8A.
Alternate designation for STS-110 manned spaceflight.
ISS-8S.
Alternate designation for ISS EO-9 manned spaceflight.
ISS-8SA.
Alternate designation for Soyuz TMA-4A manned spaceflight.
ISS-9A.
Alternate designation for STS-112 manned spaceflight.
ISS-9A.1.
Alternate designation for STS-121A manned spaceflight.
ISS-9S.
Alternate designation for ISS EO-10 manned spaceflight.
ISS-UF3.
Alternate designation for STS-126A manned spaceflight.
ISS-UF4.
Alternate designation for STS-123A manned spaceflight.
ISS-UF5.
Alternate designation for STS-130A manned spaceflight.
ISS-UF6.
Alternate designation for STS-132A manned spaceflight.
ISS-UF7.
Alternate designation for STS-138A manned spaceflight.
ISS-ULF1.
Alternate designation for STS-114 manned spaceflight.
ISS-ULF1.1.
Alternate designation for STS-121 manned spaceflight.
ISS-ULF2.
Alternate designation for STS-126 manned spaceflight.
ISS-ULF3.
Alternate designation for STS-129 manned spaceflight.
ISS-ULF4.
Alternate designation for STS-131 manned spaceflight.
ISS-ULF5.
Alternate designation for STS-133 manned spaceflight.
IS-T.
Alternate designation for IS-P military anti-satellite system target satellite.
Istochnikov, Ivan (-1968) Russian phantom cosmonaut, reported lost aboard Soyuz 2, an unmanned spacecraft that was the docking target for Soyuz 3. Actually an elaborate 1998 modern art exercise by Joan Fontcuberta. Casual Internet surfers took it to be a real person.
ISY.
International Space Year
ISZ.
Alternate designation for Sputnik 3 earth magnetosphere satellite.
ISZ.
Artificial earth satellite (Russian abbreviation)
Italian AF.
Italian Army.
Italian Space Agency Group - 1990.
Requirement: Italian astronauts for missions aboard Hermes, Mir, and Shuttle.
Italian communications satellite. 6 launches, 1991.01.15 (Italsat 1) to 2009-04-20.
Italy
Headquarters of an RVSN Division, 1961-1978. Operated R-16 launchers.
American SSTO VTOVL orbital launch vehicle. An adaptation of Phillip Bono's enormous ROMBUS plug-nozzle semi-single-stage-orbit launch vehicle as a 1,200 soldier intercontinental troop transport!! The recoverable vehicle would re-enter, using its actively-cooled plug nozzle as a heat shield.
American manned spacecraft. Study 1966. Adaptation of Phillip Bono's enormous ROMBUS plug-nozzle semi-single-stage-orbit launch vehicle as a 1,200 soldier intercontinental troop transport.
Ithacus Senior.
Alternate designation for Ithacus ssto vtovl orbital launch vehicle.
ITOS.
American earth weather satellite. 8 launches, 1970.01.23 (ITOS 1) to 1976.07.29 (NOAA 5). ITOS was the follow-on to the TIROS series of polar-orbiting US weather satellites, and marked the beginning of the use of the NOAA designator.
ITSO.
ITSO.
ITV.
American military anti-satellite system target satellite. 4 launches, 1985.12.13 (USA 13) to (ITV 1 Balloon). Instrumented Target Vehicle - a satellite balloon target for tests of the American F-15 launched ASAT anti-satellite missile.
IU.
Instrument Unit.
IUE.
American ultraviolet astronomy satellite. One launch, 1978.01.26.
IUS.
Inertial Upper Stage; earlier Interim Upper Stage for Space Shuttle (called orbit-to-orbit stage, or OOS, by Air Force. Originally conceived as an interim replacement for the never-realized Space Tug) .
Solid propellant rocket stage. Loaded/empty mass 10,841/1,134 kg. Thrust 181.50 kN. Vacuum specific impulse 296 seconds.
Solid propellant rocket stage. Loaded/empty mass 3,919/1,170 kg. Thrust 78.41 kN. Vacuum specific impulse 304 seconds.
IVA.
Intra-vehicular activity. Work conducted in a spacesuit, at zero-G and in a depressurized cabin, but without exiting the spacecraft.
Ivanchenkov, Aleksandr Segeyevich (1940-) Russian engineer cosmonaut. Flew on Salyut 6 EO-2, Salyut 7 EP-1. Graduated MAI, 1964 Civilian Engineer, Korolev OKB. Trained for a Buran flight. From 1993 served as deputy director of 29th Department, RKK Energia.
Ivanishin, Anatoli Alekseyevich (1969-) Russian pilot cosmonaut, 2003-on. Ivanishin was a Captain in the Russian Air Force at Petrozavodsk when selected. A senior fighter pilot with the VVS, he had flown MiG-29 and Su-27 fighters. Russian Air Force
Ivanov, Leonid Georiyevich (1950-1980) Russian pilot cosmonaut, 1978-1980. Graduated from Higher Air Force School, Katchinsk, 1971 Major and pilot, Soviet Air Force. Cosmonaut training 23 August 1976 - 30 January 1979. Died in the crash of a MiG-27 aircraft during a test flight.
Russian manufacturer of rockets. Ivanov Design Bureau, Russia.
Ivanov, Georgi (1940-) Bulgarian pilot cosmonaut. Flew on Salyut 6 EP-5-1. First Bulgarian astronaut. Changed his name when he was selected for cosmonaut training because Kakalov had a scatalogical meaning in Russian. Later member of the Bulgarian Parliament.
Ivanov, Igor S Russian physician cosmonaut candidate, 1964. Medical doctor. Selected as a cosmonaut, but on 26 May 1964 the selection was rejected by the government commission.
Ivanov, Ivan (1918-) Russian engineer. Deputy Chief Designer of Yangel design bureau. Led work on the engine for the LK manned lunar lander.
Ivanov, Vladimir Leontevich (1936-) Russian officer. Colonel-General, Commander of the Russian Space Forces (VKS) 1992-1997. Served in rocket forces in a series of ascending positions, beginning at Plesetsk in 1958.
Rocket stage used on RNII Sounding Rocket.
Rocket stage used on RNII Sounding Rocket.
Ivanova, Yekaterina Aleksandrowna (1949-) Russian scientist cosmonaut, 1983-1994.
Ivanovich, Ivan Russian phantom cosmonaut. Two Vostok test flights used a mannequin, dubbed 'Ivan Ivanovich'. To prevent confusion by peasants who might think he was a dead cosmonaut or alien, a sign reading 'MAKET' ('dummy') was placed under his visor.
Ivanovskiy, Oleg Genrikhovich (1922-) Russian engineer. Deputy Chief Designer 1971-1983 of Lavochkin design bureau. Began career at Korolev's bureau, working on Sputnik and Vostok.
IVAR.
Insertion velocity adjust routine (spacecraft maneuver)
Ivashutin, Petr Ivanovich (1903-) Russian bureaucrat. First Deputy Chairman of KGB 1959-1963. GRU Chief 1963-1988.
Ivensen, Pavel Albertovich (1908-) Russian engineer. Participated in the early development of Proton and Salyut. Chelomei design bureau engineer.
Ivins, Marsha Sue (1951-) Jewish-American engineer mission specialist astronaut. Flew on STS-32, STS-46, STS-62, STS-81, STS-98. NASA flight engineer.
Ivoninskiy, Gennadiy Sergeyevich (1932-) Russian officer. Major-General, Head of the Trials Directorate at Plesetsk, 1981-1985. Served in Kapustin Yar 1955-1963, then transferred to Plesetsk.
Russian agency. Izmiran, Russia.
Izotov, Sergei Petrovich (1917-1983) Russian chief designer. Chief Designer and General Designer 1960-1983 of OKB- 117. Although predominately an aircraft turbine engine designer, he also developed the engines for Chelomei's UR-100 missile and LK-700 manned lunar lander.
Russian manufacturer of rocket engines. Izotov Design Bureau, Russia.
Izotov N2O4/UDMH rocket engine. 131 kN. LK-700. Developed 1966-69.
Izotov UR-100 stage 2 vernier.
Izotov N2O4/UDMH rocket engine. 58 kN. UR-100 stage II vernier. Out of Production.