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Yablontsev, Aleksandr Nikolaevich (1955-) Russian test pilot cosmonaut, 1989-1996.
Nuclear-electric rocket engine (Russian abbreviation)
Korolev nuclear/lh2 rocket engine. 81 kN. Developed 1962-69.
Russian nuclear-powered orbital launch vehicle. First large space launcher considered in the Soviet Union. It would have had the same layout as the R-7, but with six strap-ons increased in size by 50%. The core, igniting at altitude, used a nuclear thermal engine using ammonia as propellant. Dropped in favor of development of conventional chemical propulsion.
Nuclear/Ammonia propellant rocket stage. Loaded/empty mass 180,000/22,000 kg. Thrust 1,660.00 kN. Vacuum specific impulse 470 seconds. Engines in development by Bondayuk and Glushko. Alternate propellants ammonia only or ammonia/alcohol mixture. Four expansion nozzles fed by single reactor. Masses calculated based on given vehicle gross weight and performance.
Lox/Kerosene propellant rocket stage. Loaded/empty mass 110,000/8,250 kg. Thrust 2,393.72 kN. Vacuum specific impulse 311 seconds. R-7 strap-ons increased in size dimensionally 50%, equipped with 6 engines from R-9. Boost nuclear thermal core stage to altitude before ignition of nuclear engine. Masses calculated based on vehicle total weight and performance.
Russian communications satellite. One launch, 2006.06.17, Kazsat 1. RKK Energia-developed communications satellite, believed to be a larger development of the Yamal.
Yakovlev, Oleg Anatolyevich (1940-1990) Russian pilot cosmonaut, 1965-1973.
Russian manufacturer of rockets and spacecraft. Yakovlev Design Bureau, Russia.
Russian SSTO winged orbital launch vehicle. In reaction to US X-30 project, government decrees of 27 January and 19 July 1986 ordered development of a Soviet equivalent. The Ministry of Defence issued technical specifications on 1 September for an MVKS, a single-stage reusable aerospaceplane system. The MKVS was to provide effective and economic delivery to near-earth orbit; develop the technology for effective transatmospheric flight; provide super high-speed intercontinental transport, and fulfil military objectives in and from space. It is known that the Tupolev, Yakovlev, and Energia design bureaux submitted designs. No details of the Yakovlev design have become available to date.
Russian manned spaceplane. Study 1986. In reaction to US X-30 project, government decrees of 27 January and 19 July 1986 ordered development of a Soviet equivalent.
Yakovlev, Nikolai Dmitryevich (1898-1972) Russian officer. Chief of Chief Artillery Directorate 1941-1948.
Yakovlev, V N Russian military officer.
Yale.
Yale.
Version of the Soyuz proposed with an Ariane 4 or Russian Lox/LH2 upper stage.
Russian communications satellite. 4 launches, 1999.09.06 (Yamal 101) to 2003.11.24 (Yamal-200 KA-2). The Yamal communications satellite bus was developed by RKK Energia for Gazprom.
Yamazaki, Naoko (1970-) Japanese engineer mission specialist astronaut, 1999-on. Underwent cosmonaut training in Russia, then Astronaut training in USA. NASDA
Taiwanese technology satellite. Study 2002. Taiwan's NSPO developed this 1 kg picosatellite at a cost of $289,000 pico-class satellite in collaboration with Stanford University, USA. It was planned for launch on a Russian Dnepr booster in May 2002.
Yang Liwei (1965-) Chinese pilot taikonaut. Flew on Shenzhou 5. First Chinese man in space.
Yangel, Mikhail Kuzmich (1911-1971) Soviet Chief Designer 1954-1971 of OKB-586. Preeminent designer of ballistic missiles and light satellites. His Ukraine bureau designed the R-12 and R-14 IRBM's; the heavy R-16, R-36, and R-36M ICBM's; and the Zenit space launcher,
Family of spacecraft.
Yantar FR6.
Alternate designation for Orlets-1 sattelite.
Russian military surveillance satellite. Study 1968. Survey reconnaissance satellite project of KB Yuzhnoye worked on 1964-1967.
Russian military surveillance satellite. Cancelled 1970. Survey reconnaissance satellite project worked on by Kozlov from 1967, succeeding Yantar-1. To be launched on Soyuz 11A511M launch vehicle.
Russian military surveillance satellite. 21 launches, 1981.02.18 (Cosmos 1246) to 2005.09.02 (Cosmos 2415). Version of the Yantar photo satellite for topographic mapping on behalf of the Red Army.
Russian military surveillance satellite. Study 1968. High resolution reconnaissance satellite project worked on by KB Yuzhnoye 1964-1967. Was to have been derived from Soyuz-R manned spacecraft.
Russian military surveillance satellite. 30 launches, 1974.05.23 (Yantar-2K failure.) to 1983.06.28 (Cosmos 1471).
Russian military surveillance satellite. Study 1980. Planned upgrade of Yantar-2K. Not put into production.
Russian military surveillance satellite. Study 1969. Survey reconnaissance satellite system studied in 1969. Not put into production.
Yantar-4.
Alternate designation for Yantar-4K2 military surveillance satellite.
Russian film-return military surveillance satellite. Operational, first launch 1979.04.27. Flight trials of the Yantar-2K indicated the satellite was not capable of providing strategic warning of attack. The high resolution Yantar-4K provided that capability, while still capable of being launched by the existing Soyuz-U launch vehicle. Lifetime was 45 days. Two small capsules could return film an an interim basis before the main spacecraft with film returned to earth.
Russian military surveillance satellite. Cancelled 1991. Improved military photo-reconnaissance satellite, using the basic Yantar-4K1 bus. Boost by the Zenit-2 launch vehicle would have allowed 22 film return capsules to be used over a 180 day mission.
Russian military electro-optical surveillance satellite. Operational, first launched 1982.12.28.
Russian military surveillance satellite. Cancelled 1983. The Yantar-4KS2 was a heavy military optical reconnaissance satellite, required to have the same capabilities as the KH-11/Crystal reconnaissance satellite of the United States.
Yantar-6K.
Manufacturer's designation for Orlets-1 sattelite.
Russian military surveillance satellite. Study 1977. Extremely high resolution version of Yantar studied in 1969. A draft project was completed in May 1977, but the decision was made to keep the basic Yantar-2K satellite bus instead.
Russian military surveillance satellite. Study 1977. Electro-optical imaging operational high resolution version of Yantar studied in 1969.
Chinese synthetic aperture radar military surveillance radar and ELINT satellite. Operational, first launch 2006.04.26.
Russian intercontinental range ballistic missile. Single-stage nuclear-powered ICBM designed by OKB-1.
Single-stage nuclear-powered ICBM designed by OKB-1.
A 30 June 1958 resolution authorised development of this astounding weapon, and the draft project was completed on 30 December 1959. Perhaps coming under the heading of 'inadvisable rocket science', test launches would have been into an artificial reservoir in the target area to limit contamination by having the reactor crash into water at the end of its trajectory.
Nuclear/Ammonia propellant rocket stage. Loaded/empty mass 84,400/8,600 kg. Thrust 1,370.00 kN. Vacuum specific impulse 470 seconds. Nuclear-propelled ICBM with engines in development by Glushko. Four expansion nozzles fed by single reactor. Payload 2,600 kg to 14,000 km. Empty mass, vehicle length calculated.
Nuclear/Ammonia+Alcohol propellant rocket stage. Loaded/empty mass 96,000/8,800 kg. Thrust 1,660.00 kN. Vacuum specific impulse 470 seconds. Nuclear-propelled ICBM with engines in development by Bondayuk. Four expansion nozzles fed by single reactor. Payload 4,000 kg to 14,000 km. Empty mass, vehicle length calculated.
Glushko nuclear/ammonia rocket engine. 1373 kN. Development ended 1960. Isp=470s. Used nuclear reactor in cylindrical housing, operating at 3000 deg K. Propellant heated in the reactor and exhausted through four expansion nozzles
Bondaryuk nuclear/ammonia+alcohol rocket engine. 1667 kN. Development ended 1960. Isp=470s. Proposed for YaRD nuclear-powered ICBM. Propellant was heated in the reactor and exhausted through four expansion nozzles.
Korolev nuclear/lh2 rocket engine. 177 kN. Study 1963. Design considered in N1 nuclear upper stage studies. Outgrowth of work done by Bondaryuk and Glushko on YaRD engines for nuclear ICBM's, but using liquid hydrogen as propellant. Isp=900s.
Korolev nuclear/lh2 rocket engine. 196 kN. Study 1963. Design considered in N1 nuclear upper stage studies. Outgrowth of work done by Bondaryuk and Glushko on YaRD engines for nuclear ICBM's, but using liquid hydrogen as propellant. Isp=950s.
Korolev nuclear/lh2 rocket engine. 392 kN. Study 1963. Design considered in N1 nuclear upper stage studies. Outgrowth of work done by Bondaryuk and Glushko on YaRD engines for nuclear ICBM's, but using liquid hydrogen as propellant. Isp=900s.
Korolev nuclear/lh2 rocket engine. 392 kN. Study 1963. Isp=900s. Design considered in N1 nuclear upper stage studies. This version had 7,000 kg bioshield for manned missions. Used liquid hydrogen as propellant.
Thiokol solid rocket engine. 75 kN.
Yardley, John Finley (1925-2001) American engineer. Headed the Mercury, Gemini, and Skylab programs at McDonnell; led development of the space shuttle through its first flight at NASA.
Yaroshenko, Georgi L Russian physician cosmonaut candidate, 1964. Medical doctor. Selected as a cosmonaut in early May 1964, but on 26 May 1964 the selection was rejected by the government commission.
Yashin, Yuri Alekseyevich (1930-) Russian officer. Chief of Plesetak Cosmodrome from 1975.
Yasinskiy, Aleksandr Filippovich (1930-) Russian officer. Deputy Chief GNITs KS Space Tracking Centre for military operations 1982-1989.
Headquarters of an RVSN Division, 1961-1992, equipped with 90 light ICBM silos (UR-100). Also a base for units deployed with 12 R-14 missiles.
Yasniy.
Alternate name of Dombarovskiy ICBM / orbital launch vehicle launch site.
Russian space suit, operational 1969. The Yastreb suit was the first suit designed in the Soviet Union for extra-vehicular activity. Design began in 1965. Initially to be worn on the aborted Soyuz 1/2 1967 crew transfer mission.
Yastrebov, Vladimir Dmitrevich (1922-) Russian officer. Colonel, Chief of Ballistic Control for the TsKIK Space Tracking Centre 1965-1972.
yaw.
The rotational or oscillatory movement of a spacecraft or the like about a vertical axis.
Yazdovskiy, Vladimir Ivanovich (1913-) Russian physician. Deputy Director of Institute of Aviation and Space Medicine. Space medicine pioneer.
Yazdovsky, Valeri Aleksandrovich (1930-) Russian engineer cosmonaut, 1968-1982.
yd.
yard
Ye-8.
Manufacturer's designation for Luna Ye-8 lunar rover.
Ye-8-5.
Manufacturer's designation for Luna Ye-8-5 lunar lander.
Ye-8-5M.
Manufacturer's designation for Luna Ye-8-5M lunar lander.
Ye-8-LS.
Manufacturer's designation for Luna Ye-8-LS lunar orbiter.
Yeager, Charles E (1923-) Premier American test pilot. First person to break the sound barrier. Flew all of the pioneering jet and rocketplanes of the 1950's, by the 1990's had flown 201 types of military aircraft and more than 14,000 flying hours.
Yeakel, Glenn Scott (1956-) American engineer military spaceflight engineer astronaut, 1982-1988. Master of science in astronautical engineering from USAF Academy, 1978. Stationed at the US State Department. Later with National Reconnaissance Office.
Yebenov, Profiri (-1969) Russian phantom cosmonaut. Moscow urban legend: Apollo 11 astronauts were stranded on the moon. Naked Soviet cosmonaut, stranded sometime before, assisted them in repairing their lunar module. Joke: Yebenov means 'f---d' in Russian.
Yefremov, Gerbert Aleksandrovich (1933-) Russian engineer. Chief Designer, Chelomei design bureau, 1971-2000
Yefremova Russian engineer cosmonaut candidate, 1962. Selected as a cosmonaut on 28 February 1962, but in March 1962 her selection was rejected by the government commission.
Yegorov, Dr Boris Borisovich (1937-1994) Russian physician cosmonaut. Flew on Voskhod 1. First physician in space.
Yeliseyev, Aleksei Stanislavovich (1934-) Russian engineer cosmonaut. Flew on Soyuz 4/5, Soyuz 8, Soyuz 10. Member of first crew to transfer between spacecraft.
Submarine-launched ballistic missile launch area known to have been used for 7 launches from 1982 to 2005, reaching up to 1000 kilometers altitude.
Yeltsin, Boris N (1930-2007) Russian politician, headed Russia 1991-1999. Under his tenure the Soviet programs collapsed, but Russian manned space technology base was kept alive through American funding of the International Space Station.
Yemelyanov, Sergei Aleksandrovich (1951-1992) Russian engineer cosmonaut, 1984-1992. Graduated from MAI, 1974 Civilian Engineer, Energia NPO. Cosmonaut training November 1985 - October 1986. Left cosmonaut cadre for medical reasons. Manager for AO TPK "Prodmarket". Died of a heart attack.
Yemen
Yemen
Yerkina, Zhanna Dmitriyevna (1939-) Russian pilot cosmonaut, 1962-1969.
Yershov, Valentin Gavriyilovich (1928-1998) Russian scientist cosmonaut, 1967-1974.
YES.
European tether technology satellite. 2 launches, 1997.10.30 (YES) and 2007.09.14 (YES). Young Engineers Satellite sponsored by the European Space Tech.
Yesenkov, Sergei Vasilyevich Russian military officer.
YF-1.
CALT Nitric acid/kerosene rocket engine. 300 kN.
CAALPT Lox/Kerosene rocket engine. 1340.2 kN. In development. Isp=336s. For CZ-5 Next Generation Launch Vehicle series. Engine can be throttled to 65% of rated thrust. Firing tests began in 2005.
Beijing Wan Yuan N2O4/UDMH rocket engine family. Boosted CZ-2A, CZ-2C, CZ-2E(A), CZ-3, FB-1. First flight 1972.
Beijing Wan Yuan N2O4/UDMH rocket engine. 750.2 kN. Out of production. Isp=289s. Boosted CZ-2A, CZ-2C, CZ-2E(A), CZ-3, FB-1. First flight 1972.
Beijing Wan Yuan N2O4/UDMH rocket engine. 816.3 kN. In production. Isp=289s. Boosted CZ-2C, CZ-2D, CZ-2E, CZ-2E(A), CZ-3A, CZ-3B, CZ-3C, CZ-4A. First flight 1988.
Beijing Wan Yuan N2O4/UDMH rocket engine family.
Beijing Wan Yuan N2O4/UDMH rocket engine. 717.8 kN. In Production. Isp=295s.
Beijing Wan Yuan N2O4/UDMH rocket engine. 762 kN. Out of production. Cluster of YF-22 and 4 x YF-23 verniers. Isp=295s. Boosted CZ-2A, FB-1. First flight 1972.
Beijing Wan Yuan N2O4/UDMH rocket engine. 762 kN. Out of production. Cluster of YF-22A and 4 x YF-23 verniers. Isp=295s. Boosted CZ-2C, CZ-3. First flight 1975.
SAST N2O4/UDMH rocket engine. 742 kN.
Beijing Wan Yuan N2O4/UDMH rocket engine. 11 kN. In Production. Used as vernier motor with YF-22 and YF-25. Isp=282s.
Beijing Wan Yuan N2O4/UDMH rocket engine family.
Beijing Wan Yuan N2O4/UDMH rocket engine. 787.4 kN. In Production. Isp=297s.
Beijing Wan Yuan N2O4/UDMH rocket engine. 831 kN. In production. Cluster of YF-25 and 4 x YF-23 verniers. Isp=295s. First stage engine for CZ-2D, CZ-2E, CZ-2E(A), CZ-3A, CZ-3B, CZ-3C, CZ-4A. First flight 1988.
Beijing Wan Yuan Nitric acid/UDMH rocket engine. 306.1 kN. Out of production. Isp=268s. Used on CZ-1, CZ-1C, CZ-1D, CZ-1M. First flight 1969.
YF-3.
Beijing Wan Yuan N2O4/UDMH rocket engine. 294 kN. Out of production. Isp=287s. Used on CZ-1D launch vehicle. First flight 1995.
Beijing Wan Yuan N2O4/UDMH rocket engine. 49 kN. Out of production. Isp=295s. Used on CZ-4A launch vehicle. First flight 1988.
CAALPT lox/lh2 rocket engine. 700 kN. In development. Isp=432s. New Lox/LH2 engine for next generation Chinese launch vehicles. It is an indigenous development based on Chinese experience with the YF-73 and YF-75 upper stage engines.
Beijing Wan Yuan lox/lh2 rocket engine. 11 kN. In development. Gas-generator turbopump. Gimballed engine. Isp=425s. Used on CZ-3 launch vehicle. First flight 1984.
Beijing Wan Yuan lox/lh2 rocket engine. 78.5 kN. In development. Gas-generator turbopump. Gimballed engine. Isp=440s. First flight 1994.
Yi So-yeon (1978-) Korean engineer cosmonaut. Flew on ISS EP-14. First Korean in space.
YLR113-AJ-1.
Government designation of AJ10-51 rocket engine.
YLR44-RM-1.
Government designation of LR44 rocket engine.
Aerojet Nitric acid/Kerosene rocket engine. B-47C ATO. Out of Production. Development begun August 1948. Turbojet engine bleed air drive for turbopump. Fixed internal acid tanks, regenerative cooling.
YLR45-AJ-3.
Government designation of YLR45AJ-3 Nitric acid-Kerosene rocket engine.
Aerojet Nitric acid/Kerosene rocket engine. F-84 ATO. Out of Production. Development begun 1948. Bleed air drive, droppable acid tanks, ceramic chamber with oval throat, 60 second duration, reusable 50 times
YLR47-K-1.
Government designation of LR47 rocket engine.
YLR63-AJ-3.
Government designation of YLR63AJ-3 Nitric acid-UDMH rocket engine.
Aerojet Nitric acid/UDMH rocket engine. F-86. Out of Production. Development begun 1953. Superperformance, modification of YLR45AJ-3 with gas generator turbine drive, 6 restarts.
YLR81-BA.
Government designation of Bell 8096 Nitric acid-UDMH rocket engine.
York.
York, Herbert F (1923-) American physicist, held key scientific advisory roles in US government 1958-1961, when key decisions on space exploration, missile development, and nuclear weapons were made.
Headquarters of an RVSN Division, 1961-present. Originally operated R-16 ICBM launchers. Later the only base for 60 silos equipped with the RT-2 solid propellant ICBM. These were progressively replaced by RT-2PM missiles.
Young, John Watts (1930-) American test pilot astronaut. Flew on Gemini 3, Gemini 10, Apollo 10, Apollo 16, STS-1, STS-9. Only astronaut to fly Gemini, Apollo, and Shuttle. Ninth person to walk on the moon. Space speed record (11,107 m/s).
Young, John Donald 'Jack' (1919-1988) American manager, at NASA 1960-1966.
Young, Lawrence Retman (1935-) American engineer payload specialist astronaut, 1991-1993.
Young, Robert B (1917-1979) American engineer. Key manager at Aerojet, working there from the 1940's, responsible for the rocket engines for the Titan, the Apollo SPS, and Shuttle OMS.
Your Flight Has Been Cancelled.....
Is what might have been better than what was?
yr.
year
YSO.
Young Stellar Object
Yu Guilin Chinese PLAAF pilot. Astronaut candidate in 1970, but failed centrifuge test.
Yug.
Code name for Taifun-1Yu and Taifun-2 military target satellites.
Person trained for spaceflight in China.
Yuhangyuan 1? Chinese pilot taikonaut, 1996-on.
Yuhangyuan 2? Chinese pilot taikonaut, 1996-on.
Yui.
Yui, Kimiya (1970-) Japanese pilot mission specialist astronaut, 2009-on.
Yuma.
Sounding rocket launch location known to have been used for 16 launches in 1966, reaching up to 180 kilometers altitude.
Yuma 16 inch gun
Yuma 5 inch gun
Yurchikhin, Fyodor Nikolayevich (1959-) Georgian-Russian engineer cosmonaut. Flew on STS-112, ISS EO-15,ISS EO-24. 373 cumulative days in space. Engineer, Energia NPO.
Yuri.
Japanese communications technology satellite. One launch, 1978.04.07. Medium-scale broadcasting satellite for experimental purposes.
Headquarters of an RVSN Division, 1961-present. Base for units deployed with R-16 ICBM, much later 45 RT-2PM mobile missiles.
Yuyukov, Dmitri Andreyevich (1941-) Russian engineer cosmonaut, 1973-1987. Graduated from MAI, 1965 Civilian Engineer, Chelomei OKB. Trained for a TKS flight to the Almaz military space station. Sector Head, NPO Mashinostroyeniye. From worked at GKNPTs Khrunishchev.
Ukrainian manufacturer of rockets, spacecraft, and rocket engines. Yangel Design Bureau, Dnepropetrovsk, Ukraine.