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Alternate designation for Tu-131 surface-to-air missile.
Zabolotski, Viktor Viktorovich (1946-) Russian test pilot cosmonaut, 1984-1997. Cosmonaut training September 1985 - 1987. Buran Test Pilot. Civilian test pilot at the Zhukovsky Flight Test Center of LII.
Zaikin, Dmitri Alekseyevich (1932-) Russian pilot cosmonaut, 1960-1969.
Base for units deployed with six Pioner missile launchers.
Zaitsev, Andrei Yevgenyevich (1957-2010) Russian engineer cosmonaut, 1985-1996.
Zakharov, Matvey Vasilyevich (1898-1972) Russian officer. Chief of Ministry of Defence General Staff 1960-1973.
Zakharova, Dr Tamara Sergeyevna (1952-) Russian physician cosmonaut, 1980-1995. Was married to cosmonaut Yuri Sheffer.
Zakhorov, Aleksandr Grigoryevich (1921-) Russian officer. Commander of Baikonur range 1961-1965.
Zalyotin, Sergey Viktorovich (1962-) Russian pilot cosmonaut. Flew on Mir EO-28, ISS EP-4.
Zamka, George David 'Zambo' (1962-) Hispanic-American test pilot astronaut. Flew on STS-120, STS-130. Grew up in Rochester, Michigan. US Marine Corps.
Zangl, Wolfgang (1917-1962) German engineer. Head of the Research Section at LRBA in France. Later worked as head of the research department at LRBA in France from 1947. Died in 1962, in Paris.
Zanker (1896-1973) German Manager. Business director of the Zentralwerk.
ZAO.
ZAO
Zarya.
Code name for Salyut 1 manned space station.
Russian manned spacecraft. Cancelled 1989.' Super Soyuz' replacement for Soyuz and Progress.
Russian manned spacecraft module. Cancelled 1989. Maneuver system consisted of two engines, each of 300 kgf. Expendable module for orbital maneuvering and experiments.
Russian manned spacecraft module. Cancelled 1989. The Zarya landing module was enlarged from the Soyuz 2.4 m diameter to 4.1 m diameter, while keeping the same shape and L/D coefficient of 0.26 at Mach 6. Reusable re-entry capsule.
Zaslovskiy, Mark Yefimovich (1920-1995) Russian engineer. Chief of Section and Chief Designer of GOSNIITsRTI Minradioprom. Began work with Yangel at the end of the 1950's on electronic systems for satellites.
Zavadovski, V (-1960) Russian phantom cosmonaut. Phantom cosmonaut. 1959 Moscow newspaper showed a Zavadovski testing high altitude equipment. Later presumed to have died on Korabl Sputnik 1 in May 1960.
Zborowski German expert in rocket design during World War II. As of January 1947, living at Munich.
Zborowski, Count Helmut (1905-1969) Austrian technical designer of liquid rocket motors and expert in anti-tank missiles. In WW2 joined SS, headed aircraft engine and rocket engine development near Dachau. Received over 300 patents. Worked for the French briefly after the war.
Zebra.
Alternate designation for Alcor Solid rocket engine.
FiatAvio solid rocket engine. 590 kN.
Solid propellant rocket stage. Loaded/empty mass 26,900/3,000 kg. Thrust 1,200.00 kN. Vacuum specific impulse 289 seconds. The Zefiro 23 was derived from a 16-tonne solid rocket motor development (Zefiro 16) initiated by Fiat-Avio, now Avio S.p.A., with company funding and contracted by the Italian space agency ASI.
Fiat-Avio solid rocket engine. 1200 kN. In production. Isp=289s. Carbon epoxy filament wound case; low density EPDM insulation; HTPB 1912 composite propellant. Used on Vega launch vehicle.
Solid propellant rocket stage. Loaded/empty mass 11,100/1,000 kg. Thrust 313.00 kN. Vacuum specific impulse 294 seconds. The Zefiro 9 was derived from a 16-tonne solid rocket motor development (Zefiro 16) initiated by Fiat-Avio, now Avio S.p.A., with company funding and contracted by the Italian space agency ASI.
Fiat-Avio solid rocket engine. 313 kN. In production. Isp=294s. Motor derived from the 16-metric-ton Zefiro 16. Carbon epoxy filament wound case; low density EPDM insulation; HTPB 1912 composite propellant.
Zeiler, Albert Franz (1913-1976) German-American engineer in WW2, member of the Rocket Team in the United States thereafter. German expert in guided missiles during WW2. As of January 1947, working at Fort Bliss, Texas. Died in Florida.
Russian military surveillance satellite. Study 1956. Work began on the original Zenit spy satellite on 30 January 1956. After the success of Sputnik Sergei Korolev advocated that manned spaceflight should have first priority.
Zenit was to be a modular new generation medium Soviet launch vehicle, replacing the various ICBM-derived launch vehicles in use since the 1960's (Tsiklon and Soyuz). A version of the first stage was used as strap-ons for the cancelled Energia heavy booster. But it was built by Yuzhnoye in the Ukraine; when the Soviet Union broke up planned large-scale production for the Soviet military was abandoned (Angara development was begun as an indigenous alternative). Launch pads were completed only at Baikonur; those at Plesetsk were never finished and are planned to be completed as Angara pads. However the vehicle found new life as a commercial launch vehicle, launched from a sea platform by an American/Ukrainian consortium.
Zenit was to be a modular new generation medium Soviet launch vehicle, replacing the various ICBM-derived launch vehicles in use since the 1960's (Tsiklon and Soyuz). A version of the first stage was used as strap-ons for the cancelled Energia heavy booster. But it was built by Yuzhnoye in the Ukraine; when the Soviet Union broke up planned large-scale production for the Soviet military was abandoned (Angara development was begun as an indigenous alternative). Launch pads were completed only at Baikonur; those at Plesetsk were never finished and are planned to be completed as Angara pads. However the vehicle found new life as a commercial launch vehicle, launched from a sea platform by an American/Ukrainian consortium.
Oerlikon solid rocket engine. 45 kN.
Solid propellant rocket stage. Loaded mass 200 kg. Thrust 80.00 kN.
Solid rocket stage. 45.00 kN (10,116 lbf) thrust. Mass 600 kg (1,323 lb).
Lox/Kerosene propellant rocket stage. Loaded/empty mass 354,300/28,600 kg. Thrust 8,181.13 kN. Vacuum specific impulse 337 seconds. Modification of same stage used as strap-on for Energia launch vehicle.
Russian military surveillance satellite. 81 launches, 1961.12.11 (Zenit-2 11F61 s/n 1) to 1970.05.12 (Cosmos 344). The Zenit-2 was a derivative of the manned Vostok, and the Soviet Union's first spy satellite.
Ukrainian orbital launch vehicle. Two-stage version that continued to be used for launch of Russian military satellites tailored to it after the fall of the Soviet Union.
Lox/Kerosene propellant rocket stage. Loaded/empty mass 90,600/9,000 kg. Thrust 912.00 kN. Vacuum specific impulse 349 seconds.
Ukrainian orbital launch vehicle. Version with a dispenser for multiple Globalstar communications satellite launches.
Zenit-2M.
Alternate designation for Zenit-2SLB orbital launch vehicle.
Russian military surveillance satellite. 101 launches, 1968.03.21 (Cosmos 208) to 1979.08.17 (Cosmos 1122). Planning began in mid-1967 for military systems to enter service through 1975.
Ukrainian orbital launch vehicle. Two-stage version of the Zenit-3SL booster developed for the Sea Launch program, modified for launch from ground facilities at Baikonur. Uses the common Zenit-2SB core vehicle with no upper stage.
Lox/Kerosene propellant rocket stage. Loaded/empty mass 17,300/2,720 kg. Thrust 84.92 kN. Vacuum specific impulse 352 seconds. Adaptation of Block D for Zenit.
Ukrainian orbital launch vehicle. From the beginning of the program a Zenit-3 version was proposed for geosynchronous launches using the N1/Proton Block D third stage. This had the potential of replacing the Proton in the role of geosynchronous launcher. It was considered for launch from Australia / Cape York in the 1980's. Finally a joint US-Norwegian-Ukraininan-Russian consortium was formed to launch the three stage commercial Zenit from the Odyssey floating launch platform in the Pacific Ocean.
Ukrainian orbital launch vehicle. Version of the Zenit-3SL modified for launch from existing ground facilities at Baikonur, using the common Zenit-2SB core vehicle with an upper stage Block DM-SLB designed by RSC Energia (Russia) and a new payload fairing designed by NPO Lavochkin (Russia).
Russian military surveillance satellite. 76 launches, 1963.11.16 (Cosmos 22) to 1970.08.07 (Cosmos 355). Zenit-4 was the second Soviet photo-reconnaissance satellite, providing high-resolution imagery to complement the area coverage of the Zenit-2.
Russian military surveillance satellite. 61 launches, 1968.10.31 (Cosmos 251) to 1974.07.25 (Cosmos 667). Planning began in mid-1967 for military systems to enter service through 1975.
Russian military surveillance satellite. 80 launches, 1969.12.23 (Cosmos 317) to 1977.06.22 (Cosmos 920). Modernized high resolution version of the Zenit-4M satellite that went into service in 1972. Maneuverable; (two-tone telemetry).
Russian military surveillance satellite. 39 launches, 1977.07.12 (Cosmos 927) to 1980.10.10 (Cosmos 1214). A further modification of the Zenit-4MK, accepted for military service in 1976, entered service in 1978.
Zenit-4MKM / 11F692.
Alternate designation for Zenit-4MK military surveillance satellite.
Russian military surveillance satellite. 27 launches, 1975.09.25 (Cosmos 771) to 1985.09.06 (Cosmos 1681). The Zenit-4MKT / Fram was an adaptation of the recoverable Vostok spacecraft for reconnaissance/remote sensing missions.
Russian military surveillance satellite. 23 launches, 1971.12.27 (Cosmos 470) to 1982.08.03 (Cosmos 1398). Special version of Zenit developed for topographical photography. This was developed by OKB-1 Filial 1 based on the Zenit-4M.
Russian military surveillance satellite. 95 launches, 1976.11.24 (Cosmos 867) to 1984.06.19 (Cosmos 1573). A universal variant of the Zenit spacecraft, used in two altitude ranges, for both observation and high resolution missions.
Russian military surveillance satellite. 101 launches, 1984.06.11 (Cosmos 1571) to 1994.06.07 (Cosmos 2281).
American military anti-satellite system. Study 1987. In 1987, the Zenith Star prototype space combat satellite prototype, using the Alpha laser, was announced by President Bush. The launch vehicle would be the Barbarian. Zenith Star weighed 39.
Russian communications satellite. In 1991 Lavochkin NPO teamed up with NOOS Space Technologies Ltd. Of Moscow to develop the Zerkalo spacecraft and telecommunications system.
Poem: Floating and floating...
GCR solid rocket engine.
Zeya.
Russian earth geodetic satellite. One launch, 1997.03.04. The Zeya satellite was used for navigation and geodesy tests from a sun-synchronous orbit.
Zeyss German expert in rocket propulsion and launchers during World War II. As of January 1947, last known to be working at the Heereswaffenamt, GL Flak Berlin-Charlottenburg.
Zh.
Alternate designation for I-270 manned rocketplane.
Zhai Zhigang (1966-) Chinese pilot taikonaut. Flew on Shenzhou 7. First taikonaut to walk in space.
Zhang Cunhao Chinese Engineer. Expert in solid rocket propellants and chemical lasers.
Zhang Ruxiang (1941-) Chinese pilot taikonaut, 1971, but program cancelled less than a year later. Joined PLA in 1958. He was a PLAAF regiment commander when selected. Selected as Chinese astronaut in March 1971.
Zhang Xiaoguan Chinese pilot taikonaut, 1998-on. 172 cm tall and weighing 65.5 kg, a lieutenant colonel, PLAAF squadron commander, and accumulated 1000 flight-hours as of 2004.
Headquarters of an RVSN Division, 1965-1995. Operated 52 heavy ICBM (R-36/R-36M2) silos.
Zhao Chuandong Chinese pilot taikonaut, 1998-on. In the 05/2003 issue of Fliegerrevue, this was one of 12 new names listed as Chinese astronauts in training. PLA Air Force
Zhao Jiuzhang (1907-1968) Chinese Engineer. Leader in development of instruments for use on Chinese sounding rockets and artificial satellites. Killed by Red Guards during the Cultural Revolution.
Chinese technology satellite. Experimental microelectronics research picosatellite. Launched 2007.05.25,
Chinese manufacturer of spacecraft. Zhejiang University, Zhejiang, China.
Chinese sounding rocket. Single stage vehicle.
Solid propellant rocket stage. Loaded mass 100 kg.
Base for units deployed with six Pioner missile launchers.
Zholobov, Vitali Mikhailovich (1937-) Ukrainian engineer cosmonaut. Flew on Soyuz 21.
Zhou Benlian Chinese Engineer. Materials scientist, made important contributions to development of Chinese heat shield materials and composite structures for space station applications.
Zhuang Fenggan Chinese Engineer. Rocket and missile aerodynamics specialist.
Zhuang Yuzhi (1924-1996) Chinese Engineer. Metallurgist, developed materials for China's first recoverable satellites.
Zhukov, Georgiy Konstantinovich (1896-1974) Russian officer. Minister of Defence 1955-1957.
Zhukov, Boris Petrovich Russian engineer. From 1951-1989 headed LNPO Soyuz.
Zhukov, Nikolai Nikolayevich (1922-) Russian officer. Lieutenant General; Chief of Staff for GUKOS Space Command 1982-1984
Zhukov, Sergei Aleksandrovich (1956-) Russian engineer cosmonaut, 2003-on.
Zhukov, Yuri Averkovich (1933-) Russian officer. Commander of Baikonur Cosmodrome 1983-1989.
ZI.
Zone of the Interior
Zi Yuan.
Code name for ZY earth land resources satellite.
Ziegler, Jean 'Skip' (-1953) American test pilot. Flew the X-1A and X-1D. X-1A and X-1D test pilot. Killed in the explosion of an X-2 during a captive-carry flight.
Ziegler, H German expert in rocket design during World War II. As of January 1947, working at Bad Aibling.
Solid propellant rocket stage. Loaded/empty mass 5,850/1,150 kg. Vacuum specific impulse 220 seconds. Used monolithic single motor with Nylon-S propellant. Combustion chamber pressure 30-40 kg/cm2.
Solid propellant rocket stage. Loaded/empty mass 12,200/2,200 kg. Vacuum specific impulse 200 seconds. Used cluster of four motors with Nylon-B propellant.
Solid propellant rocket stage. Loaded/empty mass 6,600/1,400 kg. Vacuum specific impulse 200 seconds. Used cluster of four motors with Nylon-B propellant.
Solid propellant rocket stage. Loaded/empty mass 14,700/2,500 kg. Vacuum specific impulse 220 seconds. Used monolithic single motor with Nylon-S propellant.
ZIKh.
M V Khrunichev Machine Building Plant (Russian abbreviation)
American manufacturer of rockets. ZIMCOR, USA.
A simple launch pad was set up at this East German firing range on the Baltic Sea for some of the last firings of the MMR-06 sounding rocket. Known to have been used for 62 launches from 1988 to 1992, reaching up to 79 kilometers altitude.
American manufacturer of rockets. Zinney, USA.
Zisch, William E 'Bill' (1917-1998) American business manager of Aerojet, 1942-1966. No college degree or scientific training, but he led Aerojet from five employees to $700 million annual sales of JATO, Polaris, Aerobee, Delta, Titan, Apollo SPS, M-1 and Nerva rocket engines.
Zitter German aviation engineer during World War II. As of January 1947, living at Freilassing, Oberbayern, Wielandshag.
ZN-1.
NUDT Changsha solid rocket engine.
Base for units deployed with twelve R-12 launchers.
Russian . One launch, 1992.10.27. Reflector mirror, deployed from Progress M-15 after separation from Mir space station.
A faint light emanating from a region in the night sky roughly defined by the zodiac. This light results from sunlight scattered by fine dust particles that orbit the Sun at planetary distances; it is enhanced in the vicinity of the Sun.
Iranian communications satellite. In development, 2008. Iranian geosynchronous communications satellite that was to be built with Russian assistance, containing an Alcatel communications payload.
Zolke, Helmut Max Arthur (1915-) German engineer in WW2, member of the Rocket Team in the United States thereafter.
Zond 1.
Alternate designation for Venera 3MV-1 venus probe.
Zond 2-3.
Alternate designation for Mars 3MV-4A mars flyby probe.
Zond 4-8.
Alternate designation for Soyuz 7K-L1 manned lunar flyby spacecraft.
Zubovich, Ivan Gerasimovich (1901-1956) Russian government official. Deputy Minister of Armaments 1949-1951. Deputy Chairman of Special Committee 2.
American manufacturer of spacecraft. Zubrin, USA.
Zubrin, Robert American Engineer. Co-developer of the Mars Direct mission model and a passionate advocate for manned exploration of Mars by methods cheaper and quicker than the NASA model.
Zucker, Gerhard (1900-1985) German rocket enthusiast and fraudster. In 1931-1934 toured Germany and UK with bogus 'operational' and postal rockets. Caused a death in a rocket explosion in 1964, resulting in ban of private rocketry in Germany.
The Zucker Rocket was not an operational rocket at all, but a series of flashy-looking hulls powered by powder rockets like those used in fireworks. Zucker travelled through Germany in 1931-1933, displaying his rocket, selling tickets to launches, and then selling fraudulent postal covers carried aboard the 'flights'. The highest recorded altitude achieved in Germany was 15 m.
Zudin, Boris Grigoryevich (1926-1985) Russian officer, Deputy Chief, Plesetsk Cosmodrome for Space 1981-1985. Began military service in November 1943. Completed Rizhsk Higher Aviation School, 1958; assigned to Plesetsk, worked in trials branch, becoming its chief in 1974.
Zudov, Vyacheslav Dmitriyevich (1942-) Russian pilot cosmonaut. Flew on Soyuz 23.
Zverev, Sergei Alekseyevich (1912-1978) Russian government official. Chairman of GKOT 1963-1965.
Zvezda.
Code name for DLB Module and LEK Lunar Expeditionary Complex manned lunar base.
Russian manufacturer of spacecraft. Zvezda Design Bureau, Russia.
Requirement: engineer for flights to Mir space station.
ZY.
Chinese earth land resources satellite. 6 launches, 1999.10.14 (ZY-1) to 2007.09.19 (ZY-2C). From 1985 China and Brazil jointly developed a sun synchronous imaging satellite bus, the Zi Yuan-1 (Resouce-1) based on the Shi Jian 3 design.
Zyb.
Russian zero-G suborbital launch vehicle based on surplus R-27 SLBM. Suborbital; 17-24 min zero G. Payload volume 1.5 cu. M. Payload 650 kg to 1800 km or 1000 kg to 1000 km.
N2O4/UDMH propellant rocket stage. Loaded mass 10,000 kg.