Chronology - Quarter 2 1961 home
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1961 April 1 - 03:25 GMT - Launch Site: Akita. Launch Complex: -. Launch Pad: -. Launch Vehicle: Kappa. Model: Kappa 9L. LV Configuration: Kappa 9L K-9L-1.
  • Test mission Nation: Japan. Agency: ISAS. Apogee: 350 km (210 mi). References: 2.
1961 April 2 - 14:06 GMT - Launch Site: Baikonur. Launch Complex: LC41/4. Launch Pad: LC41/pad?. Launch Vehicle: R-16. LV Configuration: R-16 5L-7T.
  • First full range R-16 flight. Nation: USSR. Agency: RVSN. Apogee: 1,210 km (750 mi). The R-16 carried a warhead to the impact zone in the Kamchatka Peninsula, only 400 m off target in range, and only 50 m to the right. References: 2.
1961 April 4 -
  • Mercury crew refresher centrifuge training. Nation: USA. Program: Mercury. Flight: Mercury MR-3. Three astronauts selected for Mercury-Redstone flight (MR-3) were ordered to take refresher course in Navy centrifuge at Johnsville, Pa. References: 18.
1961 April 4 - Launch Vehicle: RT-1, RT-2.
  • Development of the RT-2 ICBM authorised by a decree in parallel with the RT-1. Nation: USSR. Development of the RT-2 ICBM was authorised by a decree of 4 April 1961 in parallel with the RT-1.
1961 April 5 - 10:56 GMT - Launch Site: Woomera. Launch Complex: LA2. Launch Pad: LA2 SL. Launch Vehicle: Skylark. Model: Skylark 2. LV Configuration: Skylark-2 SL64.
  • Grenades / Chaff Aeronomy mission Nation: Australia. Agency: WRE/RAE. Apogee: 158 km (98 mi). References: 2.
1961 April 5 - 12:57 GMT - Launch Site: Wallops Island. Launch Complex: -. Launch Pad: -. Launch Vehicle: Cajun. Model: Nike Cajun. LV Configuration: Nike Cajun NASA 10.33GA.
  • Grenade Aeronomy mission Nation: USA. Agency: NASA. Apogee: 116 km (72 mi). References: 2.
1961 April 6 - Launch Vehicle: Saturn V.
  • 1,640 million pounds of thrust achieved in static- firing of the F-1 engine Nation: USA. Program: Apollo. The Marshall Space Flight Center announced that 1.640 million pounds of thrust was achieved in a static- firing of the F-1 engine thrust chamber at Edwards Air Force Base, Calif. This was a record thrust for a single chamber. References: 16.
1961 April 6 - Launch Site: ETR Launch Area. Launch Complex: -. Launch Pad: -. Launch Vehicle: Polaris. Model: Polaris A1. LV Configuration: Polaris A1E-19.
  • Operational test Nation: USA. Agency: USN. Apogee: 500 km (310 mi). References: 2.
1961 April 7 - Launch Site: Wallops Island. Launch Complex: -. Launch Pad: -. Launch Vehicle: Nike. Model: Nike Recruit.
  • Reentry Stability re-entry vehicle test flight Nation: USA. Agency: NACA. Apogee: 10 km (6 mi). References: 2.
1961 April 8 - 19:21 GMT - Launch Site: Vandenberg. Launch Complex: SLC1E. Launch Pad: -. Launch Vehicle: Delta. Model: Thor Agena B. LV Configuration: Thor Agena B 307 / Agena B 1106.
  • Discoverer 23 Nation: USA. Payload: KH-5 s/n 9016A / Agena B 1106 / Capsule SRV 521. Mass: 1,150 kg (2,530 lb). Class: Surveillance. Type: Military. Spacecraft: KH-5. Agency: U.S. Air Force. Perigee: 295 km (183 mi). Apogee: 651 km (404 mi). Inclination: 82.30 deg. Period: 94.10 min. COSPAR: 1961-Lambda-1. USAF Sat Cat: 100. Decay Date: 1962-04-16. KH-5; film capsule boosted into higher orbit, decayed 5/23/62. Mission failed. Loss of satellite control gas caused unstable condition. No recovery. Officially: Spacecraft Engaged in investigation of spaceflight techniques and technology (US Cat A). References: 2, 6.
1961 April 9 - 09:16 GMT - Launch Site: Baikonur. Launch Complex: LC51. Launch Pad: -. Launch Vehicle: R-9. Model: Romashka. LV Configuration: R-9 No. E10308.
  • State trials missile test Nation: USSR. Agency: RVSN. Apogee: 1,160 km (720 mi). The R-9 launch went normally, from the launch pad adjacent to that from which Yuri Gagarin would be launched three days later, in view of the cosmonauts. References: 2.
1961 April 12 -
  • President Kennedy says United States second to Russia in space Nation: USA. Program: Apollo. President John F. Kennedy, in his regular press conference, stated that "no one is more tired than I am" of seeing the United States second to Russia in space. "They secured large boosters which have led to their being first in Sputnik, and led to their first putting their man in space. We are, I hope, going to be able to carry out our efforts, with due regard to the problem of the life of the men involved, this year. But we are behind . . . the news will be worse before it is better, and it will be some time before we catch up. . . ." References: 16.
1961 April 12 - 06:07 GMT - Launch Site: Cape Canaveral. Launch Complex: LC18B. Launch Pad: LC18B. Launch Vehicle: Scout. Model: Blue Scout 2. LV Configuration: Blue Scout II D-5.
  • HETS A2-2 Plasma mission Nation: USA. Agency: USAF. Apogee: 1,931 km (1,199 mi). References: 2.
1961 April 12 - 06:07 GMT - Launch Site: Baikonur. Launch Complex: LC1. Launch Pad: -. Launch Vehicle: Soyuz. Model: Vostok 8K72K. LV Configuration: Vostok 8K72K E103-16.
  • Vostok 1 Nation: USSR. Program: Vostok. Payload: Vostok 3KA s/n 3. Mass: 4,725 kg (10,416 lb). Class: Manned. Type: Spacecraft. Spacecraft: Vostok. Location of Spacecraft: RKK Energia Museum, Korolev, Russia. Agency: RVSN. Perigee: 169 km (105 mi). Apogee: 315 km (195 mi). Inclination: 65.00 deg. Period: 89.30 min. COSPAR: 1961-Mu-1. USAF Sat Cat: 103. Duration: 0.0750 days. Decay Date: 1961-04-12. Crew: Gagarin. Flight: Vostok 1. First manned spaceflight, one orbit of the earth. Three press releases were prepared, one for success, two for failures. It was only known ten minutes after burnout, 25 minutes after launch, if a stable orbit had been achieved.

    The payload included life-support equipment and radio and television to relay information on the condition of the pilot. The flight was automated; Gagarin's controls were locked to prevent him from taking control of the ship. The combination to unlock the controls was available in a sealed envelope in case it became necessary to take control in an emergency. After retrofire, the service module remained attached to the Sharik reentry sphere by a wire bundle. The joined craft went through wild gyrations at the beginning of re-entry, before the wires burned through. The Sharik, as it was designed to do, then naturally reached aerodynamic equilibrium with the heat shield positioned correctly.

    Gagarin ejected after re-entry and descended under his own parachute, as was planned. However for many years the Soviet Union denied this, because the flight would not have been recognized for various FAI world records unless the pilot had accompanied his craft to a landing. Recovered April 12, 1961 8:05 GMT. Landed Southwest of Engels Smelovka, Saratov. Additional Details: Vostok 1. References: 2, 6, 32, 33, 60, 175, 376, 445.

1961 April 14 -
  • Apollo Congressional hearings. Nation: USA. Program: Apollo. Spacecraft: Apollo Lunar Landing. In response to questioning by the House Science and Astronautics Committee, Associate NASA Administrator Seamans repeated the general estimate of $20 to $40 billion as the cost for the total effort required to achieve a lunar landing, that an all-out program might cost more, and that 1967 could be considered only as a possible planning date at this stage of such a complex task. References: 18, 27.
1961 April 14 -
  • NASA issued study contract NAS 9-119 to McDonnell for improvement of the Mercury spacecraft. Nation: USA. Spacecraft: Mercury Mark I. McDonnell formed a small project group for the study, which immediately began looking to Mercury spacecraft component improvement, with accessibility as the guideline. Mercury had been a first step, almost an experiment, while the improved Mercury was to be an operational vehicle. One result of this line of thought was a basic change in equipment location, from inside the pressure vessel (where it had been in Mercury) to the outside. The contractor was authorized to acquire several long-lead-time procurement items under an amendment to the basic Mercury contract, but Space Task Group limited company expenditures to $2.5 million. The McDonnell project team initially included 30 to 40 engineers.
1961 April 14 -
  • Gagarin returns to Moscow Nation: USSR. Program: Vostok. Flight: Vostok 1. Everyone is up at the dacha on the Volga at 06:00 and are ready to leave shortly thereafter. Now the weather in Moscow is expected to be fine. At 10:40 an Il-18 takes off for Moscow with Gagarin's party. This consists of Gagarin, Agaltsov, Rytov, Yazdovskiy, several correspondents, and some film operators. 50 km from Moscow seven fighters intercept the transport and form up as an escort, two off each wing, and three trailing. Gagarin calls them on the radio 'Brother fighter pilots - I send you greetings - Yuri Gagarin!' The aircraft formation flies down Lenin Prospekt, Red Square, and then up Gorkiy Street to Vnukovo. There are masses of people everywhere below. At exactly 15:00 the aircraft shuts down its engines 100 m from the reviewing stands. Yuri exits the aircraft and steps into history.... References: 376.
1961 April 14 - Launch Site: Baikonur. Launch Complex: LC31. Launch Pad: -. Launch Vehicle: Soyuz. Model: R-7A. FAILURE: Failure.
  • R-7A II-3 test Nation: USSR. Agency: RVSN. Apogee: 0 km ( mi). Failure occurred only two days after Yuri Gagarin's flight. References: 2.
1961 April 14 - 17:15 GMT - Launch Site: Wallops Island. Launch Complex: -. Launch Pad: -. Launch Vehicle: Aerobee. Model: Aerobee 150A. LV Configuration: Aerobee 150A NASA 04.19GT.
  • Attitude control test Nation: USA. Agency: NASA. Apogee: 206 km (128 mi). References: 2.
1961 April 15 - 13:58 GMT - Launch Site: Baikonur. Launch Complex: LC41/4. Launch Pad: LC41/pad?. Launch Vehicle: R-16. LV Configuration: R-16 7L-12T. FAILURE: Failure.
  • Test mission Nation: USSR. Agency: RVSN. Apogee: 0 km ( mi). References: 2.
1961 April 17 -
  • Bay of Pigs Nation: USA. Cuba invaded at Bay of Pigs by an estimated 1,200 anti-Castro exiles aided by U.S.; invasion crushed
1961 April 18 - 04:40 GMT - Launch Site: White Sands. Launch Complex: LC35. Launch Pad: -. Launch Vehicle: Aerobee. Model: Aerobee 150. LV Configuration: Aerobee 150 NB3.104.
  • NRL NB3.104 Ultraviolet astronomy mission Nation: USA. Agency: NRL. Apogee: 242 km (150 mi). References: 2.
1961 April 18 - 12:27 GMT - Launch Site: Akita. Launch Complex: -. Launch Pad: -. Launch Vehicle: Kappa. Model: Kappa 8. LV Configuration: Kappa 8 K-8-6.
  • Ionosphere mission Nation: Japan. Agency: ISAS. Apogee: 150 km (90 mi). References: 2.
1961 April 19 - Launch Site: ETR Launch Area. Launch Complex: -. Launch Pad: -. Launch Vehicle: Polaris. Model: Polaris A1. LV Configuration: Polaris A1E-20.
  • Operational test Nation: USA. Agency: USN. Apogee: 500 km (310 mi). References: 2.
1961 April 19 - 09:36 GMT - Launch Site: Wallops Island. Launch Complex: -. Launch Pad: -. Launch Vehicle: Asp. Model: Nike Asp. LV Configuration: Nike Asp NASA 03.05CA.
  • Sodium release Aeronomy mission Nation: USA. Agency: NASA. Apogee: 164 km (101 mi). References: 2.
1961 April 19 - 18:37 GMT - Launch Site: Salto di Quirra. Launch Complex: -. Launch Pad: -. Launch Vehicle: Asp. Model: Nike Asp. LV Configuration: Nike Asp ISRC-RS-02.
  • Aeronomy mission Nation: Italy. Agency: ISRC. Apogee: 200 km (120 mi). References: 2.
1961 April 20 -
  • Prospector vs Apollo program Nation: USA. Program: Apollo. Spacecraft: Prospector. A conference was held at NASA Headquarters on the relationship between the Prospector and Apollo programs. Representatives of the Jet Propulsion Laboratory (JPL) and STG discussed the possible redirection of Prospector planning to support more directly the manned space program. The Prospector spacecraft was intended to soft-land about 2,500 pounds on the lunar surface with an accuracy of +/-1 kilometer anywhere on the visible side of the moon. An essential feature of Prospector was the development of an automatic roving vehicle weighing about 1500 pounds which would permit detailed reconnaissance of the lunar surface over a wide area. Additional Details: Prospector vs Apollo program. References: 16.
1961 April 20 - 03:46 GMT - Launch Site: Salto di Quirra. Launch Complex: -. Launch Pad: -. Launch Vehicle: Asp. Model: Nike Asp. LV Configuration: Nike Asp ISRC-RS-03.
  • Aeronomy mission Nation: Italy. Agency: ISRC. Apogee: 190 km (110 mi). References: 2.
1961 April 20 - 18:39 GMT - Launch Site: Salto di Quirra. Launch Complex: -. Launch Pad: -. Launch Vehicle: Asp. Model: Nike Asp. LV Configuration: Nike Asp ISRC-RS-04.
  • Aeronomy mission Nation: Italy. Agency: ISRC. Apogee: 188 km (116 mi). References: 2.
1961 April 20 - 18:43 GMT - Launch Site: Salto di Quirra. Launch Complex: -. Launch Pad: -. Launch Vehicle: Asp. Model: Nike Asp. LV Configuration: Nike Asp ISRC-RS-05.
  • Aeronomy mission Nation: Italy. Agency: ISRC. Apogee: 190 km (110 mi). References: 2.
1961 April 21 - Launch Site: Baikonur. Launch Complex: LC41/4. Launch Pad: LC41/pad?. Launch Vehicle: R-16. LV Configuration: R-16 6L-11T. FAILURE: Failure.
  • Test mission Nation: USSR. Agency: RVSN. Apogee: 0 km ( mi). References: 2.
1961 April 21 - 00:12 GMT - Launch Site: Wallops Island. Launch Complex: -. Launch Pad: -. Launch Vehicle: Asp. Model: Nike Asp. LV Configuration: Nike Asp NASA 03.06CA. FAILURE: Failure.
  • Sodium release Aeronomy mission Nation: USA. Agency: NASA. Apogee: 180 km (110 mi). References: 2.
1961 April 21 - 02:26 GMT - Launch Site: Baikonur. Launch Complex: LC51. Launch Pad: -. Launch Vehicle: R-9. Model: Romashka. LV Configuration: R-9 No. E10309.
  • State trials missile test Nation: USSR. Agency: RVSN. Apogee: 1,160 km (720 mi). References: 2.
1961 April 21 - 09:34 GMT - Launch Site: Wallops Island. Launch Complex: -. Launch Pad: -. Launch Vehicle: Asp. Model: Nike Asp. LV Configuration: Nike Asp NASA 03.07CA. FAILURE: Failure.
  • Sodium release Aeronomy mission Nation: USA. Agency: NASA. Apogee: 200 km (120 mi). References: 2.
1961 April 21 - 09:39 GMT - Launch Site: Wallops Island. Launch Complex: -. Launch Pad: -. Launch Vehicle: Asp. Model: Nike Asp. LV Configuration: Nike Asp NASA 03.08CA.
  • Sodium release Aeronomy mission Nation: USA. Agency: NASA. Apogee: 165 km (102 mi). References: 2.
1961 April 21 - 12:00 GMT - Launch Site: Wallops Island. Launch Complex: -. Launch Pad: -. Launch Vehicle: Aerobee. Model: Aerobee 150A. LV Configuration: Aerobee 150A NASA 04.39NP.
  • LeRC LH2 test Technology test Nation: USA. Agency: NASA. Apogee: 154 km (95 mi). References: 2.
1961 April 21 - 18:05 GMT - Launch Site: Hidden Hills DZ. Launch Complex: -. Launch Pad: 36.1 N x 116.0 W. Launch Vehicle: X-15. LV Configuration: X-15 2-15-29. FAILURE: Three hardware problems during flight.
  • X-15A Mach 4, Aero test Nation: USA. Agency: NASA/USAF. Apogee: 32 km (19 mi). Maximum Speed - 4946 kph. Maximum Altitude - 32000 m. References: 2.
1961 April 22 - Launch Site: Cape Canaveral. Launch Complex: LC26A. Launch Pad: -. Launch Vehicle: Jupiter. LV Configuration: Jupiter IRBM CM-209.
  • CTL Nation: Italy. Agency: Italia. Apogee: 500 km (310 mi). Jupiter Missile Combat Training Launch 209, the first in a series of 12 CTL firings, was launched from AMR to a prescribed range of 1514 nm. The nose cone impacted .79 nm over and 2.19 nm right of the intended target. All missions were accomplished. The missile followed the intended flight path and performed within the accuracy requirements of the Jupiter system. IAF troops conducted the firing after LOD of MFSC completed the preliminary checkout. The primary mission of the test woe to evaluate the capabilities of launch crews under operational alert conditions. References: 2.
1961 April 24 - Launch Vehicle: Kosmos 3. Model: R-14.
  • R-14 missile accepted into military service. Nation: USSR. Central Committee of the Communist Party and Council of Soviet Ministers Decree 'On adoption of the R-14 missile into armaments' was issued. References: 474.
1961 April 24 - 02:53 GMT - Launch Site: Woomera. Launch Complex: LA2. Launch Pad: -. Launch Vehicle: HAD. LV Configuration: HAD 101.
  • Aeronomy mission Nation: Australia. Agency: WRE. Apogee: 58 km (36 mi). References: 2.
1961 April 25 -
  • Vice President Johnson made head of the National Aeronautics and Space Council. Nation: USA. President Kennedy signed legislation making the Vice President of the United States the presiding officer of the National Aeronautics and Space Council. References: 483.
1961 April 25 - 02:26 GMT - Launch Site: Baikonur. Launch Complex: LC51. Launch Pad: -. Launch Vehicle: R-9. Model: Romashka. LV Configuration: R-9 No. E15001-02T. FAILURE: Failure.
  • State trials missile test Nation: USSR. Agency: RVSN. Apogee: 0 km ( mi). References: 2.
1961 April 25 - 16:15 GMT - Launch Site: Cape Canaveral. Launch Complex: LC14. Launch Pad: -. Launch Vehicle: Atlas. Model: Atlas D. LV Configuration: Atlas D 100D. FAILURE: Destroyed by range safety.
  • Mercury MA-3 Nation: USA. Program: Mercury. Payload: Mercury SC8. Class: Manned. Type: Spacecraft. Spacecraft: Mercury. Agency: NASA. COSPAR: F610425A. Decay Date: 1961-04-25. Mercury-Atlas 3 (MA-3) was launched from Cape Canaveral in an attempt to orbit the spacecraft with a 'mechanical astronaut' aboard. After lift-off, the launch vehicle failed to roll to a 70 degree heading and to pitch over into the proper trajectory. The abort-sensing system activated the escape rockets prior to the launch vehicle's destruction by the range safety officer after approximately 40 seconds of flight that had attained an altitude of 16,400 feet. The spacecraft then coasted up to 24,000 feet, deployed its parachutes, and landed in the Atlantic Ocean 2,000 yards north of the launch pad. The spacecraft was recovered and was found to have incurred only superficial damage; it was then shipped to McDonnell for refitting. References: 126, 26, 1269, 278.
1961 April 27 - Launch Vehicle: R-16.
  • R-16U silo-based ICBM operational plan issued. Nation: USSR. State Committee for Defence Technology (GKOT) Decree 'On the Organisation of Military Duty of the R-16U (Unified Variant)--putting the R-16U missile into operation' was issued. References: 474.
1961 April 27 - 14:16 GMT - Launch Site: Cape Canaveral. Launch Complex: LC26B. Launch Pad: -. Launch Vehicle: Jupiter. Model: Juno II. LV Configuration: Juno II AM-19E.
  • Explorer 11 Nation: USA. Program: Explorer. Payload: S-15. Mass: 37 kg (81 lb). Class: Solar. Spacecraft: S-15. Agency: NASA. Perigee: 480 km (290 mi). Apogee: 1,458 km (905 mi). Inclination: 28.80 deg. Period: 104.50 min. COSPAR: 1961-Nu-1. USAF Sat Cat: 107. Gamma ray data. Spacecraft engaged in research and exploration of the upper atmosphere or outer space (US Cat B). References: 2, 6.
1961 April 27 - 20:02 GMT - Launch Site: Wallops Island. Launch Complex: -. Launch Pad: -. Launch Vehicle: Javelin. LV Configuration: Javelin NASA 8.10GI.
  • Ionosphere mission Nation: USA. Agency: NASA. Apogee: 724 km (449 mi). References: 2.
1961 April 28 - Launch Vehicle: Saturn I.
  • Dynasoar launch by Saturn I studied. Nation: USA. Class: Manned. Type: Spaceplane. Spacecraft: Dynasoar. Final NASA report on the study proposed for Saturn for use as Dyna-Soar booster was presented to the Air Force. References: 18.
1961 April 28 - 14:03 GMT - Launch Site: Wallops Island. Launch Complex: LA4. Launch Pad: -. Launch Vehicle: Little Joe. Model: Little Joe 1 4C. LV Configuration: Little Joe 1-4C LJ-5B.
  • Mercury LJ-5B Nation: USA. Agency: NASA. Apogee: 4.00 km (2.40 mi). Little Joe 5B (LJ-5B) was launched from Wallops Island to test the Mercury escape system under maximum dynamic pressure conditions. At the time of lift-off, one of the launch vehicle rocket motors did not ignite until after 4 seconds had elapsed. This delay caused the launch vehicle to pitch into a lower trajectory than had been planned, with a result that the abort maneuver experienced greater dynamic pressures than had been specified in the flight test plan. Other than this, all other sequential systems operated according to plan, and after landing, a normal helicopter recovery was accomplished. Thus, all test objectives were met and were actually exceeded because the spacecraft withstood the higher dynamic pressures. References: 2.
1961 April 29 - Launch Vehicle: Saturn I.
  • Saturn I fight qualification. Nation: USA. Program: Apollo. The first successful flight qualification test of the Saturn SA-1 booster took place in an eight-engine test lasting 30 seconds. References: 16, 18, 27.
1961 April - Launch Vehicle: Saturn I.
  • Air transport of the Saturn C-1 second stage feasible Nation: USA. Program: Apollo. The Douglas Aircraft Company reported that air transport of the Saturn C-1 second stage (S-IV) was feasible. References: 16.
1961 May 1 - Launch Vehicle: Redstone. Model: Redstone MRLV.
  • Webb warns of Mercury failures. Nation: USA. Program: Mercury. NASA Administrator Webb issued a statement concerning the 2-year Mercury manned space flight program, which said, in part: "NASA has not attempted to encourage press coverage of the first Mercury-Redstone manned flight. It has responded to press and television requests, with the result that over 100 representatives of the press, radio, and TV are now at Cape Canaveral. . . . We must keep the perspective that each flight is but one of the many milestones we must pass. Some will completely succeed in every respect, some partially, and some will fail. From all of them will come mastery of the vast new space environment on which so much of our future depends." References: 18.
1961 May 1 - Launch Site: Cape Canaveral. Launch Complex: LC29A. Launch Pad: -. Launch Vehicle: Polaris. Model: Polaris A2. LV Configuration: Polaris A2X-16.
  • Test mission Nation: USA. Agency: USN. Apogee: 1,000 km (600 mi). References: 2.
1961 May 1 - 12:10 GMT - Launch Site: Woomera. Launch Complex: LA2. Launch Pad: LA2 SL. Launch Vehicle: Skylark. Model: Skylark 2. LV Configuration: Skylark-2 SL43.
  • Stellar ultraviolet Ultraviolet astronomy mission Nation: Australia. Agency: WRE/RAE. Apogee: 155 km (96 mi). References: 2.
1961 May 2 - Launch Vehicle: Redstone. Model: Redstone MRLV.
  • Mercury MR-3 postponed. Nation: USA. Program: Mercury. Flight: Mercury MR-3. Manned Mercury-Redstone (MR-3) launch postponed because of rain squalls in the recovery area. References: 18.
1961 May 3 - Launch Vehicle: N1.
  • The draft project of the TKS Heavy Space Station was completed Nation: USSR. Spacecraft: TKS Heavy Space Station. Also known as TOSZ - Heavy Orbital Station of the Earth, this was Korolev’s first 1961 project for a large N1-launched military space station.
1961 May 3 - Launch Site: Vandenberg. Launch Complex: SLTF. Launch Pad: -. Launch Vehicle: Titan. Model: Titan 1. LV Configuration: Titan I VS-1.
  • Demonstration launch Nation: USA. Agency: USAF. Apogee: 60 km (37 mi). The nation's first silo launch of a Titan I at Vandenberg AFB. References: 2.
1961 May 3 - 17:00 GMT - Launch Site: ETR Launch Area. Launch Complex: -. Launch Pad: -. Launch Vehicle: Polaris. Model: Polaris A1. LV Configuration: Polaris A1E-22.
  • Operational test Nation: USA. Agency: USN. Apogee: 500 km (310 mi). References: 2.
1961 May 4 -
  • Streamline approach for accelerating the Dyna-Soar program. Nation: USA. Spacecraft: Dynasoar. The Boeing Company offered a "streamline" approach for accelerating the Dyna-Soar program by the elimination of suborbital flights.
1961 May 5 -
  • First draft of the Apollo spacecraft specification Nation: USA. Program: Apollo. Spacecraft: Apollo CSM. STG completed the first draft of "Project Apollo, Phase A, General Requirements for a Proposal for a Manned Space Vehicle and System" (Statement of Work), an early step toward the spacecraft specification. A circumlunar mission was the basis for planning. References: 16.
1961 May 5 -
  • Integrated research, development, and applied orbital operations program to cost $1 billion through 1970. Nation: USA. Program: Gemini. Spacecraft: Gemini. A NASA Headquarters working group, headed by Bernard Maggin, completed a staff paper presenting arguments for establishing an integrated research, development, and applied orbital operations program at an approximate cost of $1 billion through 1970. The group identified three broad categories of orbital operations: inspection, ferry, and orbital launch. It concluded that future space programs would require an orbital operations capability and that the development of an integrated program, coordinated with Department of Defense, should begin immediately. The group recommended that such a program, because of its scope and cost, be independent of other space programs and that a project office be established to initiate and implement the program.
1961 May 5 - 14:34 GMT - Launch Site: Cape Canaveral. Launch Complex: LC5. Launch Pad: -. Launch Vehicle: Redstone. Model: Redstone MRLV. LV Configuration: Redstone MRLV-7.
  • Mercury MR-3 Nation: USA. Agency: NASA. Apogee: 187 km (116 mi). Alan Shepard first American in space, less than a month after Gagarin and only on a 15 minute suborbital flight. Only manned flight with original Mercury capsule design (tiny round porthole and periscope a la Vostok). If NASA had not listened to Von Braun, Shepard would have flown on the MR-BD flight of 24 March, beating Gagarin by three weeks and becoming the first man in space (though not in orbit). Shepard's capsule reached an altitude of 115.696 miles, range of 302 miles,and speed of 5,100 miles per hour. He demonstrated control of a vehicle during weightlessness and high G stresses. Recovery operations were perfect; there was no damage to the spacecraft; and Astronaut Shepard was in excellent condition. References: 2.
1961 May 5 - 23:00 GMT - Launch Site: Wallops Island. Launch Complex: -. Launch Pad: -. Launch Vehicle: Cajun. Model: Nike Cajun. LV Configuration: Nike Cajun NASA 10.02GA.
  • Grenade Aeronomy mission Nation: USA. Agency: NASA. Apogee: 117 km (72 mi). References: 2.
1961 May 6 - 04:54 GMT - Launch Site: Wallops Island. Launch Complex: -. Launch Pad: -. Launch Vehicle: Cajun. Model: Nike Cajun. LV Configuration: Nike Cajun NASA 10.28GA.
  • Grenade Aeronomy mission Nation: USA. Agency: NASA. Apogee: 117 km (72 mi). References: 2.
1961 May 7 -
  • Initial Study Contracts Nation: USA. Program: Apollo. Class: Manned. Type: Lunar spacecraft. Spacecraft: Apollo CSM. In initial study contracts, Martin proposed vehicle similar to the Apollo configuration that would eventually fly and closest to STG concepts. GE proposed design that would lead directly to Soyuz. Convair proposed a lifting body concept. All bidders were influenced by STG mid-term review that complained that they were not paying enough attention to conical blunt-body CM as envisioned by STG. References: 26, 27.
1961 May 7 - Launch Vehicle: Titan. Model: Titan 2.
  • Titan II proposed for lunar landing program Nation: USA. Program: Apollo. Spacecraft: Gemini LOR. Albert C. Hall of The Martin Company proposed to Robert C. Seamans, Jr., NASA's Associate Administrator, that the Titan II be considered as a launch vehicle in the lunar landing program. Although skeptical, Seamans arranged for a more formal presentation the next day. Abe Silverstein, NASA's Director of Space Flight Programs, was sufficiently impressed to ask Director Robert R. Gilruth and STG to study the possible uses of Titan II. Silverstein shortly informed Seamans of the possibility of using the Titan II to launch a scaled-up Mercury spacecraft. References: 16.
1961 May 8 - Launch Vehicle: Saturn I.
  • S-IV satisfactory for Apollo missions Nation: USA. Program: Apollo. After study and discussion by STG and Marshal! Space Flight Center officials, STG concluded that the current 154-inch diameter of the second stage (S-IV) adapter for the Apollo spacecraft would be satisfactory for the Apollo missions on Saturn flights SA-7, SA-8, SA-9, and SA-10. References: 16.
1961 May 8 - Launch Vehicle: Titan. Model: Titan 2.
  • Martin briefed NASA on the Titan II weapon system. Nation: USA. Program: Gemini. Spacecraft: Gemini, Mercury Mark I. Martin Company personnel briefed NASA officials in Washington, D.C., on the Titan II weapon system. Albert C. Hall of Martin had contacted NASA's Associate Administrator, Robert C. Seamans, Jr., on April 7 to propose the Titan II as a launch vehicle for a lunar landing program. Although skeptical, Seamans nevertheless arranged for a more formal presentation. Abe Silverstein, NASA Director, Office of Space Flight Programs, was sufficiently impressed by the Martin briefing to ask Director Robert R. Gilruth and Space Task Group to study possible Titan II uses. Silverstein shortly informed Seamans of the possibility of using the Titan II to launch a scaled-up Mercury spacecraft.
1961 May 8 - 17:10 GMT - Launch Site: Cape Canaveral. Launch Complex: LC29A. Launch Pad: -. Launch Vehicle: Polaris. Model: Polaris A2. LV Configuration: Polaris A2X-19.
  • Test mission Nation: USA. Agency: USN. Apogee: 1,000 km (600 mi). References: 2.
1961 May 9 - Launch Vehicle: Redstone. Model: Redstone MRLV.
  • Kennedy decision to allow MR-3 flight defended. Nation: USA. Program: Mercury. Flight: Mercury MR-3. Senator Robert S. Kerr, chairman of the Senate Aeronautical and Space Sciences Committee, told a group at the National Radio and Television Convention that President Kennedy accepted the views of NASA and congressional leaders in approving the manned Mercury-Redstone flight of May 5. References: 18.
1961 May 9 - Launch Vehicle: Arcas. Model: Arcas-Robin.
  • Arcas-Robin sounding rocket launches. Nation: USA. Twenty-four Arcas-Robin weather sounding rockets fired within 24 hours by AFPGC at Eglin Air Force Base, Fla. References: 18.
1961 May 9 - 11:53 GMT - Launch Site: Wallops Island. Launch Complex: -. Launch Pad: -. Launch Vehicle: Cajun. Model: Nike Cajun. LV Configuration: Nike Cajun NASA 10.29GA.
  • Grenade Aeronomy mission Nation: USA. Agency: NASA. Apogee: 117 km (72 mi). References: 2.
1961 May 9 - 12:07 GMT - Launch Site: Woomera. Launch Complex: LA5B. Launch Pad: -. Launch Vehicle: Black Knight. Model: Black Knight 201/C. LV Configuration: Black Knight-201/C BK.14. FAILURE: Failure.
  • Gaslight Re-entry Vehicle test Nation: UK. Agency: RAE. Apogee: 415 km (257 mi). References: 2.
1961 May 11 - Launch Vehicle: Atlas. Model: Atlas D.
  • Mercury spacecraft 8A delivered to Cape Canaveral Nation: USA. Program: Mercury. Spacecraft: Mercury. Mercury spacecraft 8A was delivered to Cape Canaveral for the Mercury-Atlas 4 (MA-4) orbital unmanned (mechanical astronaut) mission. References: 483.
1961 May 13 - Launch Vehicle: N1.
  • Soviet response to Apollo program Nation: USSR. Spacecraft: Kosmoplan, Raketoplan, Elektron-A, Elektron-B, LK-1. Soviet Decree 'On the Revision of Plans for Space Objects for Accomplishing Goals of Defence Designations--heavy boosters, course of work on Elektron, and suspension of work of work on the Kosmoplan and Raketoplan with continuation of new Raketoplan work' was issued. The decree set the end of 1965 as the date for the first launch of the N1. It also authorised Chelomei to stop work on Kosmoplan interplanetary probes and instead concentrate on a specific Raketoplan design - the LK-1 manned lunar flyby spacecraft. References: 474.
1961 May 13 - Launch Site: Hammaguira. Launch Complex: -. Launch Pad: -. Launch Vehicle: Antares. LV Configuration: Antares 013.
  • Ionosphere mission? Nation: France. Agency: ONERA. Apogee: 280 km (170 mi). References: 2.
1961 May 13 - 02:00 GMT - Launch Site: Cape Canaveral. Launch Complex: LC11. Launch Pad: -. Launch Vehicle: Atlas. Model: Atlas E. LV Configuration: Atlas E 12E.
  • Research and development launch Nation: USA. Agency: USAF. Apogee: 1,500 km (900 mi). References: 2.
1961 May 15 -
  • Final study contract reports. Nation: USA. Program: Apollo. Class: Manned. Type: Lunar spacecraft. Spacecraft: Apollo CSM. The final reports on the feasibility study contracts for the advanced manned spacecraft were submitted to STG at Langley Field, Va., by the General Electric Company, Convair Astronautics Division of General Dynamics Corporation, and The Martin Company. These studies had begun in November 1960. References: 18, 27.
1961 May 16 - 15:45 GMT - Launch Site: White Sands. Launch Complex: LC35. Launch Pad: -. Launch Vehicle: Aerobee. Model: Aerobee 150. LV Configuration: Aerobee 150 AA3.145.
  • Solar ultraviolet mission Nation: USA. Agency: USAF. Apogee: 294 km (182 mi). References: 2.
1961 May 16 - 17:00 GMT - Launch Site: White Sands. Launch Complex: LC35. Launch Pad: -. Launch Vehicle: Aerobee. Model: Aerobee 150. LV Configuration: Aerobee 150 AA3.127.
  • Solar extreme ultraviolet mission Nation: USA. Agency: USAF. Apogee: 312 km (193 mi). References: 2.
1961 May 16 - 19:23 GMT - Launch Site: Baikonur. Launch Complex: LC41/4. Launch Pad: LC41/pad?. Launch Vehicle: R-16. LV Configuration: R-16 8L-8T.
  • Test mission Nation: USSR. Agency: RVSN. Apogee: 1,210 km (750 mi). References: 2.
1961 May 17 - Launch Vehicle: Atlas. Model: Atlas D.
  • Mercury MA-3 investigation board Nation: USA. Program: Mercury. An Atlas investigation board was convened to study the cause of the Mercury-Atlas 3 (MA-3) mission launch vehicle failure. Several possible areas were considered, and three were isolated as probable causes based on a review of test data. References: 483.
1961 May 17 - Launch Site: ETR Launch Area. Launch Complex: -. Launch Pad: -. Launch Vehicle: Polaris. Model: Polaris A1. LV Configuration: Polaris A1E-27.
  • Operational test Nation: USA. Agency: USN. Apogee: 500 km (310 mi). References: 2.
1961 May 17 - Launch Site: ETR Launch Area. Launch Complex: -. Launch Pad: -. Launch Vehicle: Polaris. Model: Polaris A1. LV Configuration: Polaris A1E-29.
  • Operational test Nation: USA. Agency: USN. Apogee: 500 km (310 mi). References: 2.
1961 May 17 - Launch Site: ETR Launch Area. Launch Complex: -. Launch Pad: -. Launch Vehicle: Polaris. Model: Polaris A1. LV Configuration: Polaris A1E-33.
  • Operational test Nation: USA. Agency: USN. Apogee: 500 km (310 mi). References: 2.
1961 May 17 - Launch Site: ETR Launch Area. Launch Complex: -. Launch Pad: -. Launch Vehicle: Polaris. Model: Polaris A1. LV Configuration: Polaris A1E-28.
  • Operational test Nation: USA. Agency: USN. Apogee: 500 km (310 mi). References: 2.
1961 May 17 - Launch Site: ETR Launch Area. Launch Complex: -. Launch Pad: -. Launch Vehicle: Polaris. Model: Polaris A1. LV Configuration: Polaris A1E-26.
  • Operational test Nation: USA. Agency: USN. Apogee: 500 km (310 mi). References: 2.
1961 May 18-31 -
  • Apollo A Nation: USA. Spacecraft: Apollo A. Space Task Group Director Robert R. Gilruth informed Ames Research Center that current planning for Apollo 'A' called for an adapter between the Saturn second stage and the Apollo spacecraft to include, as an integral part, a section to be used as an orbiting laboratory. Preliminary in-house configuration designs indicated this laboratory would be a cylindrical section about 3.9 m in diameter and 2.4 m in height. Additional Details: Apollo A.
1961 May 18 - 02:00 GMT - Launch Site: Cape Canaveral. Launch Complex: LC6. Launch Pad: -. Launch Vehicle: Redstone. Model: Redstone. LV Configuration: Redstone 2042.
  • Nation: USA. Agency: USA. Apogee: 90 km (55 mi). Successful missile test. Missed aimpoint by 304 m. References: 2.
1961 May 18 - 06:10 GMT - Launch Site: Wallops Island. Launch Complex: -. Launch Pad: -. Launch Vehicle: Trailblazer. Model: Trailblazer 1. LV Configuration: Trailblazer 1 TB Ih.
  • Re-entry Vehicle test Nation: USA. Agency: NASA. Apogee: 260 km (160 mi). References: 2.
1961 May 19 - Launch Site: Cape Canaveral. Launch Complex: -. Launch Pad: -.
  • Cape Canaveral first open house. Nation: USA. Cape Canaveral opened to the general public for the first time in its history. References: 18.
1961 May 19 - 14:18 GMT - Launch Site: Cape Canaveral. Launch Complex: LC31A. Launch Pad: -. Launch Vehicle: Minuteman 1. Model: Minuteman 1A. LV Configuration: Minuteman 1A 402. FAILURE: Failure.
  • Research and development launch Nation: USA. Agency: USAF. Apogee: 100 km (60 mi). References: 2.
1961 May 20 -
  • Vostok 2 discussions Nation: USSR. Program: Vostok. Spacecraft: Sever, Vostok. Flight: Vostok 2. Kamanin, Yazdovskiy, Bushuyev, and Feoktistov fly to Sochi. Korolev arrives on the next flight, and discussions begin on plans for the second Soviet manned spaceflight. Korolev wants a one-day/16-orbit flight, but Kamanin thinks this is too daring and wants a 3 to 4 orbit flight. Korolev rejects this, saying recovery on orbits 2 to 7 is not possible since the solar orientation sensor would not function (retrofire would have to take place in the earth's shadow). But Kamanin believes one day is too big a leap since the effects of sustained zero-G are not known. He finally agrees to a one-day flight, but with the proviso that a manually-oriented retrofire can be an option on orbits 2 to 7 if the cosmonaut is feeling unwell. Korolev reports that the new Sever spacecraft should be ready for flight by the third quarter of 1962. OKB-1 is working hard on the finding solutions to the problems of manoeuvring, rendezvous, and docking in orbit. Kamanin tells Korolev that it would be difficult to recruit and train three-man crews in time to support such an aggressive schedule. References: 376.
1961 May 22 -
  • Second draft of the Apollo spacecraft specification Nation: USA. Program: Apollo. Spacecraft: Apollo CSM. The second draft of a Statement of Work for the development of an advanced manned spacecraft was completed, incorporating results from NASA in-house and contractor feasibility studies. References: 16.
1961 May 23 - Launch Site: Cape Canaveral. Launch Complex: LC20. Launch Pad: -. Launch Vehicle: Titan. Model: Titan 1. LV Configuration: Titan I AJ-16.
  • Mk 4 re-entry vehicle test Nation: USA. Agency: USAF. Apogee: 1,000 km (600 mi). References: 2.
1961 May 24 - Launch Site: Cuxhaven. Launch Complex: -. Launch Pad: -.
  • Rocket mail in Vienna Nation: Austria. The DRG (German Rocket Society) launched twelve of their small mail rockets from Vienna (Wien-Aspern) with 5000 postcards aboard.
1961 May 24 - Launch Site: Hammaguira. Launch Complex: Bacchus. Launch Pad: -. Launch Vehicle: Belier. Model: Belier I. LV Configuration: Belier B05.
  • Test mission Nation: France. Agency: CNET. Apogee: 60 km (37 mi). References: 2.
1961 May 24 - 03:18 GMT - Launch Site: Baikonur. Launch Complex: LC41/4. Launch Pad: -. Launch Vehicle: R-16. LV Configuration: R-16 9L-9T. FAILURE: Failure.
  • Test mission Nation: USSR. Agency: RVSN. Apogee: 0 km ( mi). References: 2.
1961 May 24 - 19:48 GMT - Launch Site: Cape Canaveral. Launch Complex: LC26B. Launch Pad: -. Launch Vehicle: Jupiter. Model: Juno II. LV Configuration: Juno II AM-19G. FAILURE: Second Stage failed to ignite.
  • Explorer S-45A Nation: USA. Program: Explorer. Payload: S-45A. Mass: 33 kg (72 lb). Class: Solar. Spacecraft: P-14. Agency: NASA. COSPAR: F610524A. Decay Date: 1961-05-24. References: 126.
1961 May 24 - 21:50 GMT - Launch Site: Vandenberg. Launch Complex: 576B2. Launch Pad: -. Launch Vehicle: Atlas. Model: Atlas D. LV Configuration: Atlas D 95D.
  • Research and development launch Nation: USA. Agency: USAF. Apogee: 1,800 km (1,100 mi). References: 2.
1961 May 25 - Launch Vehicle: Nova, Saturn I.
  • Kennedy Proclaims Moon Landing Objective Nation: USA. Program: Apollo. Spacecraft: Apollo Lunar Landing. Following Gagarin's flight and Bay of Pigs failure, Kennedy announces the objective of landing an American on the moon by end of the decade. In his second State of the Union Message President Kennedy said: "With the advice of the Vice President, who is Chairman of the National Space Council, we have examined where we (United States) are strong and where we are not, where we may succeed and where we may not. . . . Now is the time to take longer strides-time for a great new American enterprise-time for this Nation to take a clearly leading role in space achievement which in many ways may hold the key to our future on Earth." President Kennedy set forth an accelerated space program based upon the long-range national goals of landing a man on the Moon and returning him safely to Earth; early development of the Rover nuclear rocket; speed up the use of Earth satellites for worldwide communications; and provide "at the earliest possible time a satellite system for worldwide weather observation." An additional $549 million was requested for NASA over the new administration March budget requests; $62 million was requested for DOD for starting development of a solid-propellant booster of the Nova class. References: 18.
1961 May 25 -
  • Lundin Committee to assess Lunar landing mission Nation: USA. Program: Apollo. Spacecraft: Apollo LM. Robert C. Seamans, Jr., NASA's Associate Administrator, requested the Directors of the Office of Launch Vehicle Programs and the Office of Advanced Research Programs to bring together members of their staffs with other persons from NASA Headquarters to assess a wide variety of possible ways of accomplishing the lunar landing mission. This study was to supplement the one being done by the Ad Hoc Task Group for Manned Lunar Landing Study (Fleming Committee) but was to be separate from it. Additional Details: Lundin Committee to assess Lunar landing mission. References: 16.
1961 May 25 -
  • Kennedy called for a national goal of landing a man on the moon Nation: USA. Program: Apollo. President Kennedy, in a major message to Congress, called for a vastly accelerated space program based on a long-range national goal of landing a man on the moon and bringing him safely back to Earth. For this and associated projects in space technology, the President requested additional appropriations totaling $611 million for NASA and the Department of Defense. References: 483.
1961 May 25 - Launch Site: ETR Launch Area. Launch Complex: -. Launch Pad: -. Launch Vehicle: Polaris. Model: Polaris A2. LV Configuration: Polaris A2X-9. FAILURE: Failure.
  • Test mission Nation: USA. Agency: USN. Apogee: 0 km ( mi). References: 2.
1961 May 25 - Launch Site: White Sands. Launch Complex: LC38. Launch Pad: -. Launch Vehicle: Nike Zeus. Model: Nike Zeus.
  • Test mission Nation: USA. Agency: USA. Apogee: 150 km (90 mi). References: 2.
1961 May 25 - Launch Site: White Sands. Launch Complex: LC35. Launch Pad: -. Launch Vehicle: Aerobee. Model: Aerobee 150.
  • Solar extreme ultraviolet mission Nation: USA. Agency: USAF. Apogee: 200 km (120 mi). References: 2.
1961 May 25 - 17:03 GMT - Launch Site: Wallops Island. Launch Complex: -. Launch Pad: -. Launch Vehicle: Apache. Model: Nike Apache. LV Configuration: Nike Apache NASA 14.01GT.
  • Test mission Nation: USA. Agency: NASA. Apogee: 116 km (72 mi). References: 2.
1961 May 25 - 20:16 GMT - Launch Site: Mud Lake DZ. Launch Complex: -. Launch Pad: 37.9 N x 117.1 W. Launch Vehicle: X-15. LV Configuration: X-15 2-16-31.
  • X-15A Mach 5, SAS, Aero test Nation: USA. Agency: NASA/USAF. Apogee: 32 km (19 mi). Maximum Speed - 5321 kph. Maximum Altitude - 32850 m. References: 2.
1961 May 26 -
  • Freedom 7 displayed at Paris Air Show. Nation: USA. Program: Mercury. Class: Manned. Type: Spacecraft. Spacecraft: Mercury. Freedom 7, Mercury spacecraft in which Alan B. Shepard, Jr., made his space flight on May 5, was a major drawing card at the Paris International Air Show. Details of the spacecraft and of Shepard's flight were related to about 650,000 visitors. References: 18.
1961 May 26 -
  • Mercury Freedom 7 at Paris Air Show. Nation: USA. Program: Mercury. Spacecraft: Mercury. Flight: Mercury MR-3. Until June 4, 1961, the Mercury spacecraft Freedom 7 (MR-3) was displayed at the Paris International Air Show. Some 650,000 visitors received the details on the spacecraft and on Shepard's suborbital flight. References: 483.
1961 May 26-27 -
  • First conference on the "Peaceful Uses of Space" Nation: USA. The first conference on the 'Peaceful Uses of Space' was held at Tulsa, Oklahoma. A second conference on this subject was held at Seattle, Washington, on May 8-10, 1962. In both instances, Robert R. Gilruth reported on the manned space flight aspect. References: 483.
1961 May 26 - 02:26 GMT - Launch Site: Cape Canaveral. Launch Complex: LC13. Launch Pad: -. Launch Vehicle: Atlas. Model: Atlas E. LV Configuration: Atlas E 18E.
  • Research and development launch Nation: USA. Agency: USAF. Apogee: 1,500 km (900 mi). References: 2.
1961 May 27 - Launch Site: Hammaguira. Launch Complex: Bacchus. Launch Pad: Bacchus?. Launch Vehicle: Belier. Model: Centaure. LV Configuration: Centaure C03.
  • Test mission Nation: France. Agency: CNES. Apogee: 130 km (80 mi). References: 2.
1961 May 28 - Launch Site: Cuxhaven. Launch Complex: -. Launch Pad: -.
  • Rocket mail delivered to Neuwerk Nation: Germany. The DRG (German Rocket Society) launched a 40 kg rocket over a range of 14 km to the island of Neuwerk. The missile had a thrust of 508 kgf and took 30 seconds to cover the distance. 5000 postcards were carried. This fulfilled a 28 year old plan for such a rocket flight.
1961 May 29 - Launch Vehicle: Atlas. Model: SLV-3 Atlas / Agena B.
  • Ranger booster erected. Nation: USA. Program: Ranger. Class: Planetary. Type: Lunar. Spacecraft: Ranger 1-2. Atlas booster 111-D, to be used for Ranger I, was erected on the launch pad at Cape Canaveral. References: 18, 278.
1961 May 29 - Launch Vehicle: Atlas. Model: Atlas D.
  • Centrifuge training for Mercury-Atlas orbital missions. Nation: USA. Program: Mercury. A 30 day centrifuge training program was conducted at the Aviation Medical Acceleration Laboratory directed entirely toward training the astronauts for the Mercury-Atlas orbital missions. References: 483.
1961 May 29 -
  • Advanced Re-entry Technology program and SAINT II program. Nation: USA. Spacecraft: Dynasoar, Asset, SAINT, SAINT II. The Space Systems Division completed two development plans for an Advanced Re-entry Technology program and a SAINT II program.
1961 May 29 - Launch Site: Hammaguira. Launch Complex: Bacchus. Launch Pad: Bacchus?. Launch Vehicle: Belier. Model: Centaure. LV Configuration: Centaure C04.
  • Test mission Nation: France. Agency: CNES. Apogee: 130 km (80 mi). References: 2.
1961 May 29 - 01:44 GMT - Launch Site: Baikonur. Launch Complex: LC51. Launch Pad: -. Launch Vehicle: R-9. Model: Romashka. LV Configuration: R-9 No. E10310. FAILURE: Failure.
  • State trials missile test Nation: USSR. Agency: RVSN. Apogee: 0 km ( mi). References: 2.
1961 May 30 - 05:15 GMT - Launch Site: Woomera. Launch Complex: LA2. Launch Pad: LA2 SL. Launch Vehicle: Skylark. Model: Skylark 2. LV Configuration: Skylark-2 SL25.
  • Test mission Nation: Australia. Agency: WRE/RAE. Apogee: 149 km (92 mi). References: 2.
1961 May - Launch Vehicle: Saturn V.
  • Reevaluation of the Saturn C-2 to support circumlunar missions Nation: USA. Program: Apollo. The Marshall Space Flight Center began reevaluation of the Saturn C-2 configuration capability to support circumlunar missions. Results showed that a Saturn vehicle of even greater performance would be desirable. References: 16.
1961 May -
  • Lunar orbit rendezvous plan Nation: USA. Program: Apollo. Spacecraft: Apollo LM. Basic concepts of the lunar orbit rendezvous plan were presented to the Lundin Committee by John C. Houbolt of Langley Research Center. References: 16.
1961 June 1 - Launch Vehicle: N1.
  • Moon program go-ahead in response to U.S. start Nation: USSR. Program: Lunar L1. Class: Manned. Type: Spacecraft. Spacecraft: Soyuz A, Soyuz B, Soyuz V, LK-1. Chelomei is informally asked by Khruschev to begin design of a booster and spacecraft for a manned circumlunar mission (UR-500 Proton and LK-1). There is no authorization for a lunar landing program, although Korolev, Yangel, and Chelomei all begin booster designs. References: 72.
1961 June 1 - Launch Vehicle: Saturn I.
  • Change in the Saturn C-1 configuration Nation: USA. Program: Apollo. NASA announced a change in the Saturn C-1 vehicle configuration. The first ten research and development flights would have two stages, instead of three, because of the changed second stage (S-IV) and, starting with the seventh flight vehicle, increased propellant capacity in the first stage (S-1) booster. References: 16.
1961 June 1 - Launch Vehicle: Atlas. Model: Atlas D.
  • Prelaunch mission rules for Mercury-Atlas 4 (MA-4) were published. Nation: USA. Program: Mercury. References: 483.
1961 June 1 - Launch Site: Cape Canaveral. Launch Complex: LA. Launch Pad: LA?. Launch Vehicle: Matador. LV Configuration: Matador GM-56-1949.
  • Test mission Nation: USA. Agency: USAF. Apogee: 12 km (7 mi). References: 2.
1961 June 1 - Launch Site: Cape Canaveral. Launch Complex: LA. Launch Pad: LA?. Launch Vehicle: Matador. LV Configuration: Matador GM-56-1948.
  • Test mission Nation: USA. Agency: USAF. Apogee: 12 km (7 mi). References: 2.
1961 June 1 - Launch Site: Cape Canaveral. Launch Complex: LA. Launch Pad: LA?. Launch Vehicle: Matador. LV Configuration: Matador GM-56-1944.
  • Test mission Nation: USA. Agency: USAF. Apogee: 12 km (7 mi). References: 2.
1961 June 1 - Launch Site: Cape Canaveral. Launch Complex: LA. Launch Pad: LA?. Launch Vehicle: Matador. LV Configuration: Matador GM-56-1947.
  • Test mission Nation: USA. Agency: USAF. Apogee: 12 km (7 mi). References: 2.
1961 June 2 - Launch Site: Cape Canaveral. Launch Complex: -. Launch Pad: -. Launch Vehicle: Saturn I.
  • Saturn I transport route interdicted. Nation: USA. Program: Apollo. Collapse of a lock in the Wheeler Dam below Huntsville on the Tennessee River interdicted the planned water route of the first Saturn space booster from Marshall Space Flight Center to Cape Canaveral on the barge Palaemon. References: 18, 27.
1961 June 2 - 05:12 GMT - Launch Site: Baikonur. Launch Complex: LC51. Launch Pad: -. Launch Vehicle: R-9. Model: Romashka. LV Configuration: R-9 No. E15001-01T. FAILURE: Failure.
  • State trials missile test Nation: USSR. Agency: RVSN. Apogee: 0 km ( mi). References: 2.
1961 June 2 - 17:24 GMT - Launch Site: Baikonur. Launch Complex: LC41/4. Launch Pad: -. Launch Vehicle: R-16. LV Configuration: R-16 10L-10T.
  • Test mission Nation: USSR. Agency: RVSN. Apogee: 1,210 km (750 mi). References: 2.
1961 June 3 - Launch Site: Hammaguira. Launch Complex: Bacchus. Launch Pad: -. Launch Vehicle: VE. Model: Agate.
  • Test mission Nation: France. Agency: ONERA. Apogee: 20 km (12 mi). References: 2.
1961 June 5 - Launch Site: Cape Canaveral. Launch Complex: LC34. Launch Pad: -. Launch Vehicle: Saturn I.
  • Saturn I launch complex completed. Nation: USA. Program: Apollo. Huge Saturn launch complex at Cape Canaveral dedicated in brief ceremony by NASA, construction of which was supervised by the Army Corps of Engineers. Giant gantry, weighing 2,800 tons and being 310 feet high, is largest movable land structure in North America. References: 18, 27.
1961 June 6 - 12:31 GMT - Launch Site: White Sands. Launch Complex: LC35. Launch Pad: -. Launch Vehicle: Aerobee. Model: Aerobee 150. LV Configuration: Aerobee 150 AA3.108.
  • Venus Flytrap Meteorites mission Nation: USA. Agency: USAF. Apogee: 165 km (102 mi). References: 2.
1961 June 6 - 18:00 GMT - Launch Site: Baikonur. Launch Complex: LC41/4. Launch Pad: -. Launch Vehicle: R-16. LV Configuration: R-16 11L-13T. FAILURE: Failure.
  • Test mission Nation: USSR. Agency: RVSN. Apogee: 0 km ( mi). References: 2.
1961 June 6 - 21:48 GMT - Launch Site: Wallops Island. Launch Complex: -. Launch Pad: -. Launch Vehicle: Cajun. Model: Nike Cajun. LV Configuration: Nike Cajun NASA 10.50UA.
  • Sphere / Inflating Sphere 1 Aeronomy mission Nation: USA. Agency: NASA. Apogee: 150 km (90 mi). References: 2.
1961 June 7 - Launch Vehicle: Little Joe II.
  • Preliminary study of Little Joe Senior Nation: USA. Program: Apollo. A preliminary study of a fin-stabilized solid-fuel rocket booster, the Little Joe Senior, was completed by members of STG. The booster would be capable of propelling a full-size Apollo reentry spacecraft to velocities sufficient to match critical portions of the Saturn trajectory. Additional Details: Preliminary study of Little Joe Senior. References: 16.
1961 June 7 - 00:40 GMT - Launch Site: Woomera. Launch Complex: LA2. Launch Pad: LA2 SL. Launch Vehicle: Skylark. Model: Skylark 2. LV Configuration: Skylark-2 SL26.
  • Test mission Nation: Australia. Agency: WRE/RAE. Apogee: 184 km (114 mi). References: 2.
1961 June 7 - 11:20 GMT - Launch Site: Woomera. Launch Complex: LA5B. Launch Pad: LA5B?. Launch Vehicle: Black Knight. Model: Black Knight 201/C. LV Configuration: Black Knight-201/C BK.17. FAILURE: Failure.
  • Gaslight Re-entry Vehicle test Nation: UK. Agency: RAE. Apogee: 583 km (362 mi). References: 2.
1961 June 7 - 21:37 GMT - Launch Site: Vandenberg. Launch Complex: OSTF1. Launch Pad: -. Launch Vehicle: Atlas. Model: Atlas E. LV Configuration: Atlas E 27E. FAILURE: Failure.
  • Research and development Category II test Nation: USA. Agency: USAF. First E launched at SMS 576 from OSTF-1, unsuccessful References: 2.
1961 June 8 - Launch Vehicle: Rocket belt.
  • Rocket belt demonstrated. Nation: USA. Small rocket lift device demonstrated publicly for the first time at Fort Eustis, Va., a rocket belt developed by Bell Aerosystems, which lifted Harold M. Graham in a controlled free flight to an altitude of 15 feet and a standup landing 150 feet from his starting point. References: 18.
1961 June 8 - Launch Vehicle: Atlas. Model: Atlas D.
  • Mercury-Atlas 4 (MA-4) recovery requirements were published. Nation: USA. Program: Mercury. References: 483.
1961 June 8 - 21:16 GMT - Launch Site: Vandenberg. Launch Complex: SLC1W. Launch Pad: -. Launch Vehicle: Delta. Model: Thor Agena B. LV Configuration: Thor Agena B 302 / Agena B 1108. FAILURE: Failure.
  • Discoverer 24 Nation: USA. Payload: KH-5 s/n 9018A. Mass: 1,150 kg (2,530 lb). Class: Surveillance. Type: Military. Spacecraft: KH-5. Agency: U.S. Air Force. COSPAR: F610608A. Decay Date: 1961-06-08. KH-5. Mission failed. References: 126.
  • SRV 541 Nation: USA. Spacecraft: KH-5. Agency: USAF. COSPAR: F610608B. References: 279.
1961 June 9 - Launch Site: Kapustin Yar. Launch Complex: V-2. Launch Pad: -. Launch Vehicle: Kosmos 2. Model: R-12.
  • V-1000 target mission Nation: USSR. Agency: MVS. Apogee: 402 km (249 mi). References: 2.
1961 June 9 - 18:02 GMT - Launch Site: Wallops Island. Launch Complex: -. Launch Pad: -. Launch Vehicle: Cajun. Model: Nike Cajun. LV Configuration: Nike Cajun NASA 10.56UA.
  • Composition Aeronomy mission Nation: USA. Agency: NASA. Apogee: 142 km (88 mi). References: 2.
1961 June 10 - Launch Vehicle: Nova. Model: Nova A.
  • Preparation for NOVA rocket motor tests. Nation: USA. National Bureau of Standards broke ground for new research facility at Gaithersburg, Md., which will include a mega-pound deadweight testing machine to provide measurement standards for multimillion rocket thrust requirements. References: 18.
1961 June 10 - Launch Vehicle: Saturn C-2, Saturn C-3.
  • Lundin Committee recommended earth orbit rendezvous mode Nation: USA. Program: Apollo. Spacecraft: Apollo Lunar Landing. 'The Lundin Committee completed its study of various vehicle systems for the manned lunar landing mission, as requested on May 25 by NASA associate Administrator Robert C. Seamans, Jr. The Committee had considered alternative methods of rendezvous: earth orbit, lunar orbit, a combination of earth and lunar orbit, and lunar surface. Launch vehicles studied were the Saturn C-2 and C-3. Conclusion was that 43,000 kg stage (85% fuel) was needed for a lunar landing mission. The concept of a low- altitude earth orbit rendezvous using two or three C-3's was clearly preferred by the Committee. Reasons for this preference were the small number of launches and orbital operations required and the fact that the Saturn C- 3 was considered to be an efficient launch vehicle of great utility and future growth. References: 16.
1961 June 10 - Launch Site: Hammaguira. Launch Complex: Blandine. Launch Pad: -. Launch Vehicle: Veronique. LV Configuration: Veronique AGI31.
  • Aeronomy mission Nation: France. Agency: FR. Apogee: 100 km (60 mi). References: 2.
1961 June 12 - 15:53 GMT - Launch Site: Cape Canaveral. Launch Complex: LC25A. Launch Pad: -. Launch Vehicle: Polaris. Model: Polaris A2. LV Configuration: Polaris A2X-5.
  • Test mission Nation: USA. Agency: USN. Apogee: 1,000 km (600 mi). References: 2.
1961 June 13 -
  • Freedom 7 exhibited in Rome. Nation: USA. Program: Mercury. Class: Manned. Type: Spacecraft. Spacecraft: Mercury. Freedom 7 Mercury capsule displayed to approximately 750,000 visitors at the Rassegna International Electronic and Nuclear Fair at Rome, Italy. References: 18.
1961 June 13-25 -
  • Mercury Freedom 7 in Rome, Italy. Nation: USA. Program: Mercury. Spacecraft: Mercury. Flight: Mercury MR-3. The Freedom 7 (MR-3) spacecraft was viewed by approximately 750,000 visitors at the Rassegna International Electronic and Nuclear Fair at Rome, Italy. References: 483.
1961 June 13 - 05:12 GMT - Launch Site: Wallops Island. Launch Complex: -. Launch Pad: -. Launch Vehicle: Javelin. LV Configuration: Javelin NASA 8.09GI.
  • Ionosphere mission Nation: USA. Agency: NASA. Apogee: 867 km (538 mi). References: 2.
1961 June 15 - 00:02 GMT - Launch Site: Wallops Island. Launch Complex: -. Launch Pad: -. Launch Vehicle: Javelin. LV Configuration: Javelin NASA 8.13II.
  • Antenna deploy test Ionosphere mission Nation: USA. Agency: NASA. Apogee: 901 km (559 mi). References: 2.
1961 June 15 - 05:45 GMT - Launch Site: Baikonur. Launch Complex: LC31. Launch Pad: -. Launch Vehicle: Soyuz. Model: R-7A. LV Configuration: R-7A E15001-06.
  • R-7A II-4 test Nation: USSR. Agency: RVSN. Apogee: 1,350 km (830 mi). References: 2.
1961 June 16 -
  • Fleming Committee Report: lunar mission could be accomplished within the decade Nation: USA. Program: Apollo. Spacecraft: Apollo CSM. The Fleming Committee, which had been appointed on May 2, submitted its report to NASA associate Administrator Robert C. Seamans, Jr., on the feasibility of a manned lunar landing program. The Committee concluded that the lunar mission could be accomplished within the decade. Chief pacing items were the first stage of the launch vehicle and the facilities for testing and launching the booster. It also concluded that information on solar flare radiation and lunar surface characteristics should be obtained as soon as possible, since these factors would influence spacecraft design. Special mention was made of the need for a strong management organization. References: 16.
1961 June 16 - 07:47 GMT - Launch Site: Baikonur. Launch Complex: LC41/4. Launch Pad: -. Launch Vehicle: R-16. LV Configuration: R-16 14L-16T. FAILURE: Failure.
  • Test mission Nation: USSR. Agency: RVSN. Apogee: 0 km ( mi). References: 2.
1961 June 16 - 23:02 GMT - Launch Site: Vandenberg. Launch Complex: SLC2E. Launch Pad: -. Launch Vehicle: Delta. Model: Thor Agena B. LV Configuration: Thor Agena B 303 / Agena B 1107.
  • Discoverer 25 Nation: USA. Payload: KH-2 9017 / Agena B 1107. Mass: 1,150 kg (2,530 lb). Class: Surveillance. Type: Military. Spacecraft: KH-2. Agency: U.S. Air Force. Perigee: 222 km (137 mi). Apogee: 404 km (251 mi). Inclination: 82.10 deg. Period: 90.80 min. COSPAR: 1961-Xi-1. USAF Sat Cat: 108. Decay Date: 1961-07-12. KH-2; film capsule recovered 2.1 days later. Capsule recovered from water on orbit 32. Streaks throughout film. References: 2, 6.
1961 June 17 - 07:29 GMT - Launch Site: White Sands. Launch Complex: LC35. Launch Pad: -. Launch Vehicle: Aerobee. Model: Aerobee 150. LV Configuration: Aerobee 150 ND3.112.
  • NRL ND3.112 Aeronomy mission Nation: USA. Agency: NRL. Apogee: 197 km (122 mi). References: 2.
1961 June 18 - 04:35 GMT - Launch Site: Obachi. Launch Complex: -. Launch Pad: -. Launch Vehicle: Kappa. Model: Kappa 4. LV Configuration: Kappa 4 K-4-2.
  • Sigma 4 Rockoon Chemical release mission Nation: Japan. Agency: ISAS. Apogee: 105 km (65 mi). References: 2.
1961 June 19 - Launch Vehicle: X-15. Model: X-15A.
  • X-15 awards. Nation: USA. Program: X-15. Class: Manned. Type: Spaceplane. Spacecraft: X-15A. Harmon International Aviator's Trophy for 1961 announced as going to three winners for the first time-X-15 rocket research airplane pilots: A. Scott Crossfield, of North American; Joseph A. Walker, of NASA, and Maj. Robert A. White, U.S. Air Force. References: 38, 18.
1961 June 20 - 23:54 GMT - Launch Site: Vandenberg. Launch Complex: SLC10E. Launch Pad: -. Launch Vehicle: Delta. Model: Thor DM-18A. LV Configuration: Thor DM-18A 276.
  • Combat training launch Nation: USA. Agency: RAF. Apogee: 520 km (320 mi). References: 2.
1961 June 21 - 14:45 GMT - Launch Site: White Sands. Launch Complex: LC35. Launch Pad: -. Launch Vehicle: Aerobee. Model: Aerobee 150. LV Configuration: Aerobee 150 NE3.102.
  • NRL NE3.102 Solar extreme ultraviolet mission Nation: USA. Agency: NRL. Apogee: 271 km (168 mi). References: 2.
1961 June 22 - Launch Vehicle: Nova, Saturn C-2, Saturn C-3.
  • First decision on Apollo launch vehicles Nation: USA. Program: Apollo. Class: Manned. Spacecraft: Apollo Lunar Landing. Meeting with Webb/Dryden, work on Saturn C-2 stopped; preliminary design of C-3 and continuing studies of larger vehicles for landing missions requested. STG push for 4 x 6.6 m diameter solid cluster first stage rejected for safety and ground handling reasons. References: 26, 27.
1961 June 23 -
  • NASA / DOD agree to define support requirements. Nation: USA. Program: Apollo. NASA-DOD Executive Committee for Joint Lunar Study and a Joint Lunar Study Program Office established by letter directive to work out and define support requirements for the U.S. manned lunar landing program. References: 18, 27.
1961 June 23 - Launch Vehicle: Saturn I.
  • Saturn C-1 to be operational in 1964 Nation: USA. Program: Apollo. NASA announced that the Saturn C-1 launch vehicle, which could place ten-ton payloads in earth orbit, would be operational in 1964. References: 16.
1961 June 23 - Launch Vehicle: Nova, Saturn C-2, Saturn C-3.
  • Saturn C-2 discontinued Nation: USA. Program: Apollo. Spacecraft: Apollo Lunar Landing. NASA announced that further engineering design work on the Saturn C-2 configuration would be discontinued and that effort instead would be redirected toward clarification of the Saturn C-3 and Nova concepts. Investigations were specifically directed toward determining capabilities of the proposed C-3 configuration in supporting the Apollo mission. References: 16.
1961 June 23 - 03:00 GMT - Launch Site: Cape Canaveral. Launch Complex: LC11. Launch Pad: -. Launch Vehicle: Atlas. Model: Atlas E. LV Configuration: Atlas E 17E. FAILURE: Failure.
  • Research and development launch Nation: USA. Agency: USAF. Apogee: 10 km (6 mi). References: 2.
1961 June 23 - 15:00 GMT - Launch Site: Eglin. Launch Complex: -. Launch Pad: -. Launch Vehicle: Cajun. Model: Nike Cajun. LV Configuration: Nike Cajun AA6.104.
  • Micrometeors Meteorites mission Nation: USA. Agency: USAF. Apogee: 157 km (97 mi). References: 2.
1961 June 23 - 22:00 GMT - Launch Site: Mud Lake DZ. Launch Complex: -. Launch Pad: 37.9 N x 117.1 W. Launch Vehicle: X-15. LV Configuration: X-15 2-17-33.
  • X-15A Mach 5, Aerodynamics, Stability test Nation: USA. Agency: NASA/USAF. Apogee: 32 km (19 mi). Maximum Speed - 5797 kph. Maximum Altitude - 32830 m. Lost cabin pressure. References: 2.
1961 June 23 - 23:40 GMT - Launch Site: White Sands. Launch Complex: LC38. Launch Pad: -. Launch Vehicle: Nike Zeus. Model: Nike Zeus.
  • Test mission Nation: USA. Agency: USA. Apogee: 150 km (90 mi). References: 2.
1961 June 24 - 03:28 GMT - Launch Site: Cape Canaveral. Launch Complex: LC19. Launch Pad: -. Launch Vehicle: Titan. Model: Titan 1. LV Configuration: Titan I M-1. FAILURE: Failure.
  • Mk 4 re-entry vehicle test Nation: USA. Agency: USAF. Apogee: 10 km (6 mi). References: 2.
1961 June 24 - 23:17 GMT - Launch Site: Wallops Island. Launch Complex: -. Launch Pad: -. Launch Vehicle: Javelin. LV Configuration: Javelin NASA 8.15AI.
  • Topside Sounder Ionosphere mission Nation: USA. Agency: NASA. Apogee: 1,018 km (632 mi). References: 2.
1961 June 25 - Launch Site: Cuxhaven. Launch Complex: -. Launch Pad: -.
  • Rocket mail delivered to Scharhoern Nation: Germany. The DRG (German Rocket Society) launches two 3-m long, 51.9 kg, 600 kgf thrust Kumulus rockets from Arensch over the sea 18 km to the flats of the island of Scharhoern. The trip was made in 28 seconds at a top speed of 850 m/s with a payload of 5000 postcards weighing 15 kg.
1961 June 26 - Launch Site: Cape Canaveral. Launch Complex: -. Launch Pad: -. Launch Vehicle: Saturn I.
  • Saturn I barge replacement. Nation: USA. Program: Apollo. A Navy YFNB barge was obtained by NASA to serve as a replacement for the Palaemon in transporting of the Saturn booster to Cape Canaveral. References: 18, 27.
1961 June 26 - Launch Site: ETR Launch Area. Launch Complex: -. Launch Pad: -. Launch Vehicle: Polaris. Model: Polaris A2. LV Configuration: Polaris A2X-11. FAILURE: Failure.
  • Test mission Nation: USA. Agency: USN. Apogee: 500 km (310 mi). References: 2.
1961 June 26 - 15:15 GMT - Launch Site: Wallops Island. Launch Complex: -. Launch Pad: -. Launch Vehicle: Aerobee. Model: Aerobee 150A. LV Configuration: Aerobee 150A NASA 04.20GT.
  • Attitude control test Nation: USA. Agency: NASA. Apogee: 187 km (116 mi). References: 2.
1961 June 27 - 02:20 GMT - Launch Site: Cape Canaveral. Launch Complex: LC6. Launch Pad: -. Launch Vehicle: Redstone. Model: Redstone. LV Configuration: Redstone 2043. FAILURE: Air vane actuator malfunction at 262 sec.
  • Nation: USA. Agency: USA. Apogee: 90 km (55 mi). Missile test failure. Missed aimpoint by 1,044 m. References: 2.
1961 June 29-30 - Launch Vehicle: Atlas. Model: Atlas D.
  • Mercury Atlas vehicle 88-D roll-out Nation: USA. Program: Mercury. Factory roll-out inspection of Atlas launch vehicle 88-D, designated for the Mercury-Atlas 4 (MA-4) mission, was conducted at Convair. References: 483.
1961 June 29 - 04:22 GMT - Launch Site: Cape Canaveral. Launch Complex: LC17B. Launch Pad: -. Launch Vehicle: Delta. Model: Thor Ablestar. LV Configuration: Thor Ablestar 315 AB008.
  • Transit 4A Nation: USA. Program: Transit. Mass: 79 kg (174 lb). Class: Navigation. Spacecraft: Transit. Agency: U.S. Navy. Perigee: 865 km (537 mi). Apogee: 986 km (612 mi). Inclination: 66.80 deg. Period: 103.50 min. COSPAR: 1961-Omicron-1. USAF Sat Cat: 116. Transits 4A and 4B were drum-shaped instead of spherical to provide more space for solar cells. In addition, operational 150-and 400-MHz frequencies were used for the first time. Carried SNAP-3A nuclear power source. References: 2, 6.
  • Injun 1 Nation: USA. Mass: 25 kg (55 lb). Class: Earth. Type: Magnetosphere. Spacecraft: Injun. Agency: U.S. Navy. Perigee: 869 km (539 mi). Apogee: 992 km (616 mi). Inclination: 66.80 deg. Period: 103.60 min. COSPAR: 1961-Omicron-2. USAF Sat Cat: 117. Dual launch; failed to separate from Solrad 3; still returned radiation data. Space craft engaged in investigation of spaceflight techniques and technology (US Cat A). References: 2, 6.
  • Solrad 3 Nation: USA. Payload: GRAB 3. Mass: 18 kg (39 lb). Class: Sigint. Spacecraft: GRAB. Agency: USAF. COSPAR: 1961-Omicron-xx. References: 2, 279.
1961 June -
  • Project Apollo feasibility studies assessed Nation: USA. Program: Apollo. Spacecraft: Apollo CSM. STG completed a detailed assessment of the results of the Project Apollo feasibility studies submitted by the three study contractors: the General Electric Company, Convair/Astronautics Division of the General Dynamics Corporation, and The Martin Company. (Their findings were reflected in the Statement of Work sent to prospective bidders on the spacecraft contract on July 28.) References: 16.
1961 Summer -
  • Construction begun of lunar landing simulator Nation: USA. Program: Apollo. Construction began at Langley Research Center of facilities specifically oriented toward the Apollo program, including a lunar landing simulator. References: 16.
1961 June 30 - 17:09 GMT - Launch Site: Wallops Island. Launch Complex: LA3. Launch Pad: -. Launch Vehicle: Scout. Model: Scout X-1. LV Configuration: Scout X-1 ST-5. FAILURE: Third stage did not ignite, and the vehicle was destroyed.
  • Explorer (13) S 55 Nation: USA. Program: Explorer. Payload: S-55. Mass: 84 kg (185 lb). Class: Earth. Type: Micrometeoroid. Spacecraft: S-55. Agency: NASA. Apogee: 172 km (106 mi). COSPAR: F610630A. Decay Date: 1961-06-30. Micrometeorite counter satellite (S-55). References: 126.
1961 June 30 - 17:20 GMT - Launch Site: Eglin. Launch Complex: -. Launch Pad: -. Launch Vehicle: Astrobee. Model: Astrobee 200. LV Configuration: Astrobee 200 CRL AA15.303. FAILURE: Failure.
  • Test mission Nation: USA. Agency: USAF. Apogee: 29 km (18 mi). References: 2.

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