Chronology - Quarter 3 1968 home
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July 1968 - Launch Vehicle: Proton. Model: Proton 8K82K. LV Configuration: Proton 8K82K.
  • DIA/CIA warn of impending Zond circumlunar flight Nation: USSR. Program: Lunar L1. Class: Manned. Type: Spacecraft. Spacecraft: Soyuz 7K-L1. The information led NASA to decide to send Apollo 8 on a risky lunar orbital mission at the end of December 1968. Interestingly enough the CIA warning to NASA came within days of the L1 State Commission's meeting and decision to press for a November circumlunar flight. References: 72.
1968 July 3 -
  • Final drop test to qualify the Apollo CSM earth landing system Nation: USA. Program: Apollo. Spacecraft: Apollo CSM. NASA and contractor technicians successfully conducted the final parachute drop test to qualify the Apollo CSM earth-landing system. The Block II ELS thus was considered ready for manned flight after 12 Block I, 4 Block II, and 7 increased-capability Block II Qualification Tests - that had followed 77 Block I, 6 Block II, and 25 increased-capability Block II Development Drop Tests. References: 16.
1968 July 3 -
  • VPK confirms Soyuz flight plans. Nation: USSR. Program: Soyuz. Spacecraft: Soyuz 7K-OK. The VPK confirms the Soyuz flight plan - a 0+1 mission to be followed by a 1+3 mission with crew transfer. Chiefs of the cosmonaut detachments are confirmed and announced. Nikolayev will be Deputy Chief of TsPK; Bykovsky, Commander of the First Detachment of Cosmonauts; Titov, Commander of the Second Detachment, and Popovich, Deputy Commander of the Second Detachment. Kuznetsov, Belyayev, and Leonov are not happy with these appointments. The General Staff also approves creation of a fourth training detachment at TsPK, charged with flight, engineering, and experiment development - requiring an additional 200 staff. References: 376.
1968 July 3 - Launch Site: Kapustin Yar. Launch Complex: V-2. Launch Pad: -. Launch Vehicle: MR-12.
  • Aeronomy/Chemical release mission Nation: USSR. Agency: AN SSSR. Apogee: 179 km (111 mi). References: 2.
1968 July 3 - Launch Site: Baikonur. Launch Complex: PU33. Launch Pad: -. Launch Vehicle: Tsiklon. Model: R-36 8K67.
  • Operational missile test Nation: USSR. Agency: RVSN. Apogee: 1,000 km (600 mi). References: 2.
1968 July 3 - Launch Site: Biscarosse. Launch Complex: BLB. Launch Pad: -. Launch Vehicle: SSBS. Model: SSBS S01.
  • S01V-5 test Nation: France. Agency: DMA. Apogee: 500 km (310 mi). References: 2.
1968 July 4 - 17:26 GMT - Launch Site: Vandenberg. Launch Complex: SLC2E. Launch Pad: -. Launch Vehicle: Delta. Model: Delta J. LV Configuration: Thor Delta J 476/D57.
  • Explorer 38 Nation: USA. Program: Explorer. Payload: RAE A. Mass: 190 kg (410 lb). Class: Astronomy. Spacecraft: RAE. Agency: NASA GSF. Perigee: 5,835 km (3,625 mi). Apogee: 5,861 km (3,641 mi). Inclination: 120.90 deg. Period: 224.30 min. COSPAR: 1968-055A. USAF Sat Cat: 3307. Radio Astronomy Explorer; Earth, solar, cosmic radio emission data. Spacecraft engaged in research and exploration of the upper atmosphere or outer space (US Cat B). References: 2, 6.
1968 July 5 - 06:59 GMT - Launch Site: Kapustin Yar. Launch Complex: LC86/4. Launch Pad: -. Launch Vehicle: Kosmos 2. Model: Kosmos 11K63.
  • Cosmos 230 Nation: USSR. Program: DS. Payload: DS-U3-S s/n 2. Mass: 367 kg (809 lb). Class: Solar. Spacecraft: DS-U3-S. Agency: MO SSSR. Perigee: 287 km (178 mi). Apogee: 546 km (339 mi). Inclination: 48.40 deg. Period: 92.90 min. COSPAR: 1968-056A. USAF Sat Cat: 3308. Completed Operations Date: 1968-11-02. Decay Date: 1968-11-02. Specialized orbital solar observatory for measuring solar rays in mulitple spectral zones. References: 2, 6, 99.
1968 July 5 - 15:25 GMT - Launch Site: Baikonur. Launch Complex: LC1. Launch Pad: LC1 or LC31. Launch Vehicle: Soyuz. Model: Molniya 8K78M.
  • Molniya 1-09 Nation: USSR. Program: Molniya. Payload: Molniya-1. Mass: 1,600 kg (3,500 lb). Class: Communications. Spacecraft: Molniya-1. Agency: MOM. Perigee: 396 km (246 mi). Apogee: 39,806 km (24,734 mi). Inclination: 65.10 deg. Period: 714.70 min. COSPAR: 1968-057A. USAF Sat Cat: 3310. Decay Date: 1971-05-15. Operation of a system of long range telephone-telegraph radiocommunication, and transmission of USSR Central Television programmes to the stations of the Orbita network. References: 2, 6, 64.
1968 July 8 - 06:05 GMT - Launch Site: Woomera. Launch Complex: LA2. Launch Pad: LA2 SL. Launch Vehicle: Skylark. Model: Skylark 3 AC. LV Configuration: Skylark 3 AC SL403.
  • Virgo X-ray X-ray astronomy mission Nation: Australia. Agency: WRE/RAE. Apogee: 180 km (110 mi). References: 2.
1968 July 8 - 18:19 GMT - Launch Site: Vandenberg. Launch Complex: LF04. Launch Pad: -. Launch Vehicle: Minuteman 2. LV Configuration: Minuteman 2 FTM-2589.
  • GIANT FIST 1 demonstration and shakedown operations launch Nation: USA. Agency: SAC 1STRAD. Apogee: 1,300 km (800 mi). References: 2.
1968 July 10 -
  • L3 recovery controversy. Nation: USSR. Program: Lunar L3. Spacecraft: Soyuz 7K-LOK. Marshal Zakharov has consulted with Ryabikov at Gosplan on what commitments Grechko has made from Ministry of Defence funds for L3 recovery forces. Gosplan advised him that 800 million roubles and 21,000 staff were committed, but the justification for these amounts were not methodically developed. Mishin is now saying that hundreds, not thousands of cadres will be required, see he can set the return capsule down in within the confines of the cosmodrome. References: 376.
1968 July 10-11 - 1968 July 10 - 19:49 GMT - Launch Site: Baikonur. Launch Complex: LC31. Launch Pad: -. Launch Vehicle: Soyuz. Model: Voskhod 11A57.
  • Cosmos 231 Nation: USSR. Payload: Zenit-2 11F61 s/n 64. Mass: 4,720 kg (10,400 lb). Class: Surveillance. Type: Military. Spacecraft: Zenit-2. Agency: MOM. Perigee: 206 km (128 mi). Apogee: 311 km (193 mi). Inclination: 64.90 deg. Period: 89.60 min. COSPAR: 1968-058A. USAF Sat Cat: 3316. Duration: 8.00 days. Decay Date: 1968-07-18. Area survey photo reconnaissance satellite. References: 2, 6,93.
1968 July 11 - Launch Site: ETR Launch Area. Launch Complex: -. Launch Pad: -. Launch Vehicle: Polaris. Model: Polaris A2E. LV Configuration: Polaris A2E A2E.
  • Operational test Nation: USA. Agency: USN. Apogee: 1,000 km (600 mi). References: 2.
1968 July 11 - 19:30 GMT - Launch Site: Vandenberg. Launch Complex: 576A2. Launch Pad: -. Launch Vehicle: Atlas. Model: Atlas F. LV Configuration: Atlas F 75F / OV-1 (2x).
  • OV1-15S Nation: USA. Payload: Spades. Mass: 470 kg (1,030 lb). Class: Earth. Type: Magnetosphere. Spacecraft: OV1. Agency: USAF OAR. Perigee: 153 km (95 mi). Apogee: 1,800 km (1,100 mi). Inclination: 89.80 deg. Period: 104.60 min. COSPAR: 1968-059A. USAF Sat Cat: 3318. Decay Date: 1968-11-06. Studied relationship between atmospheric density and solar radiation. Space craft engaged in investigation of spaceflight techniques and technology (US Cat A). References: 2, 6, 278.
  • OV1-16 Cannonball 1 Nation: USA. Payload: Loads. Mass: 600 kg (1,320 lb). Class: Earth. Type: Magnetosphere. Spacecraft: OV1. Agency: USAF OAR. Perigee: 145 km (90 mi). Apogee: 556 km (345 mi). Inclination: 89.80 deg. Period: 91.50 min. COSPAR: 1968-059B. USAF Sat Cat: 3319. Decay Date: 1968-08-19. Ionospheric drag tests. Space craft engaged in investigation of spaceflight techniques and technology (US Cat A). References: 2, 6, 278.
1968 July 12 -
  • L3 recovery controversy. Nation: USSR. Program: Lunar L3. Spacecraft: Soyuz 7K-LOK. VVS has been charged with arranging for ocean recovery of the L3 capsule in case it splashes down in the Indian Ocean since 1966. TsNII-30 did the research work under project 'Ellips', resulting in the recommendation that the VVS and VMF jointly develop the air and naval forces to recover the capsule at sea, at a cost of 800 million roubles. The Ellips concept requires that the L3 capsule be equipped with radio beacons and dye markers. Despite knowing this for two years, Mishin has done nothing to implement these features into the spacecraft. References: 376.
1968 July 12 - Launch Site: Vandenberg. Launch Complex: LF03. Launch Pad: -. Launch Vehicle: Minuteman 1. Model: Minuteman 1B. LV Configuration: Minuteman 1B 1084.
  • ST Olympic T. B-4 operational test launch Nation: USA. Agency: SAC 1STRAD. Apogee: 1,300 km (800 mi). References: 2.
1968 July 13 -
  • Continued propellant leaks in the Apollo LM Nation: USA. Program: Apollo. Spacecraft: Apollo LM. ASPO Manager George M. Low wrote to Grumman President Llewellyn J. Evans to call his attention to the problem of continued propellant leaks in the LM. Additional Details: Continued propellant leaks in the Apollo LM. References: 16.
1968 July 15 - Launch Site: Baikonur. Launch Complex: LC81/23. Launch Pad: LC81/pad?. Launch Vehicle: Proton. Model: Proton-K/D.
  • L1 pad explosion. Nation: USSR. Program: Lunar L1. Spacecraft: Soyuz 7K-L1. During launch preparations with the fuelled Proton / L1, there was an explosion, killing three technicians. Their death alone indicates the area around the pad was unsafe at the time. The Block D oxidiser tank of the L1 exploded - the first such failure in 30 uses. The rocket and spacecraft were relatively undamaged. The third stage of the Proton had some external damage due to exposure to the Block D's fuel, but it can be cleaned. The real question is how to remove the L1 spacecraft on the pad. A helicopter could hoist the spacecraft away, but the available Mi-6 or V-10 helos can lift only 8 to 10 tonnes, and the L1 weighs 14 tonnes. A V-10 crew is sent to investigate the possibilities anyway. Some engineers suggest just firing the BPO abort tower and lifting the capsule away from the stack! Emergency political and military meetings are held at the cosmodrome to discuss the impending invasion of Czechoslovakia. References: 2, 376.
1968 July 16 - Launch Site: Baikonur. Launch Complex: PU31. Launch Pad: -. Launch Vehicle: Tsiklon. Model: R-36 8K67M.
  • Operational missile test Nation: USSR. Agency: RVSN. Apogee: 1,000 km (600 mi). References: 2.
1968 July 16 - Launch Site: Baikonur. Launch Complex: -. Launch Pad: -. Launch Vehicle: R-16. Model: R-16U. FAILURE: Failure.
  • Combat training launch Nation: USSR. Agency: RVSN. Apogee: 0 km ( mi). References: 2.
1968 July 16 - 13:10 GMT - Launch Site: Plesetsk. Launch Complex: -. Launch Pad: -. Launch Vehicle: Soyuz. Model: Voskhod 11A57.
  • Cosmos 232 Nation: USSR. Mass: 6,300 kg (13,800 lb). Class: Surveillance. Type: Military. Spacecraft: Zenit-4. Agency: MOM. Perigee: 189 km (117 mi). Apogee: 348 km (216 mi). Inclination: 65.30 deg. Period: 89.90 min. COSPAR: 1968-060A. USAF Sat Cat: 3322. Duration: 8.00 days. Decay Date: 1968-07-24. High resolution photo reconnaissance satellite; returned film capsule; also performed weather experiments. References: 2, 6.
1968 July 16 - 17:40 GMT - Launch Site: Kapustin Yar. Launch Complex: V-2. Launch Pad: -. Launch Vehicle: MR-12.
  • Aeronomy mission Nation: USSR. Agency: AN SSSR. Apogee: 146 km (90 mi). References: 2.
1968 July 16 - 22:23 GMT - Launch Site: Railroad Valley Lake DZ. Launch Complex: -. Launch Pad: 38.2 N x 116.2 W. Launch Vehicle: X-15. LV Configuration: X-15 1-78-138.
  • X-15A WTR/HS/SB/FAB/FP Test/Technology/Aeronomy mission Nation: USA. Agency: NASA/USAF. Apogee: 67 km (41 mi). Maximum Speed - 5442 kph. Maximum Altitude - 67510 m. References: 2.
1968 July 17 - 08:25 GMT - Launch Site: Wallops Island. Launch Complex: -. Launch Pad: -. Launch Vehicle: Cajun. Model: Nike Cajun. LV Configuration: Nike Cajun NASA 10.294GM.
  • Grenades Aeronomy mission Nation: USA. Agency: NASA. Apogee: 120 km (70 mi). References: 2.
1968 July 17 - 09:08 GMT - Launch Site: Wallops Island. Launch Complex: -. Launch Pad: -. Launch Vehicle: Cajun. Model: Nike Cajun. LV Configuration: Nike Cajun NASA 10.295GM.
  • Grenades Aeronomy mission Nation: USA. Agency: NASA. Apogee: 120 km (70 mi). References: 2.
1968 July 18 -
  • Cosmonaut revolt. Nation: USSR. The cosmonauts are revolting against the selection of Nikolayev as their commander. They have written a letter demanding that Belyayev be put in the position. Leonov is also lobbying for the job, but Kamanin notes he has made two serious mistakes since April, no chance. Leonov attends a self-criticism meeting with the 'Gagarin comrades', self-confesses and emotionally says he will leave the cosmonaut unit if there are no future chances for promotion due to his repeated mistakes. Finally he is told that if does good work in the future, he could achieve the deputy commander position, but he can never, never make mistakes again.

    A Zenit-2 spy satellite capsule has gone off course, splashed down in the Volga River, and sunk. Vershinin is in the hospital with intestinal polyps. Kamanin is reminded of Korolev's case, although he is told Vershinin's condition is not serious. There is criticism of the botched Zenit-2 recovery from Kutakhov. Meanwhile the Central Committee has decided to take no action on Czechoslovakia but send a letter to the Czech Communist Party. Kamanin is sick of this limp-wristed talk, talk, talk. References: 376.

1968 July 18 - Launch Site: Green River. Launch Complex: Pad 3. Launch Pad: -. Launch Vehicle: Athena RTV. LV Configuration: Athena B040. FAILURE: Failure.
  • USN B040 re-entry vehicle test flight Nation: USA. Agency: USAF. Apogee: 0 km ( mi). References: 2.
1968 July 18 - 01:30 GMT - Launch Site: Eglin. Launch Complex: -. Launch Pad: -. Launch Vehicle: Nike. Model: Nike Iroquois. LV Configuration: Nike Iroquois CRL AG07.881.
  • Mass spectrometer Meteorites mission Nation: USA. Agency: AFCRL. Apogee: 125 km (77 mi). References: 2.
1968 July 18 - 19:59 GMT - Launch Site: Plesetsk. Launch Complex: LC133/1. Launch Pad: -. Launch Vehicle: Kosmos 2. Model: Kosmos 11K63.
  • Cosmos 233 Nation: USSR. Program: DS. Payload: DS-P1-Yu s/n 15. Mass: 325 kg (716 lb). Class: Military. Type: Target. Spacecraft: DS-P1-Yu. Agency: MO SSSR. Perigee: 198 km (123 mi). Apogee: 1,514 km (940 mi). Inclination: 81.90 deg. Period: 102.10 min. COSPAR: 1968-061A. USAF Sat Cat: 3326. Completed Operations Date: 1969-02-06. Decay Date: 1969-02-07. Development of systems for air defence and the control of outer space. References: 2, 6.
1968 July 19 - Launch Site: ETR Launch Area. Launch Complex: -. Launch Pad: -. Launch Vehicle: Polaris. Model: Polaris A2E. LV Configuration: Polaris A2E A2E.
  • Operational test Nation: USA. Agency: USN. Apogee: 1,000 km (600 mi). References: 2.
1968 July 19 - 17:00 GMT - Launch Site: Kapustin Yar. Launch Complex: V-2. Launch Pad: -. Launch Vehicle: MR-12.
  • Aeronomy mission Nation: USSR. Agency: AN SSSR. Apogee: 148 km (91 mi). References: 2.
1968 July 19 - 18:33 GMT - Launch Site: Eglin. Launch Complex: -. Launch Pad: -. Launch Vehicle: Nike. Model: Nike Iroquois. LV Configuration: Nike Iroquois CRL AG07.642. FAILURE: Failure.
  • Accidental launch Aeronomy mission Nation: USA. Agency: AFCRL. Apogee: 1.00 km (0.60 mi). References: 2.
1968 July 21 - Launch Site: Baikonur. Launch Complex: -. Launch Pad: -. Launch Vehicle: Proton. Model: Proton 8K82K. LV Configuration: Proton 8K82K.
  • Zond 7K-L1 s/n 8L Nation: USSR. Program: Lunar L1. Payload: Zond 7K-L1 s/n 8L. Mass: 5,140 kg (11,330 lb). Class: Manned. Type: Spacecraft. Spacecraft: Soyuz 7K-L1. Decay Date: 1968-07-21. Block D stage exploded on pad, killing three people. Booster and 7K-L1 spacecraft were still intact however. References: 23.
1968 July 22 -
  • Apollo CSM 102 deleted from the manned flight program Nation: USA. Program: Apollo. Spacecraft: Apollo CSM. In the continuing effort to reduce costs while still maintaining a balanced and viable program, ASPO Manager George M. Low recommended to NASA Hq. that CSM 102 be deleted from the manned flight program. He estimated total savings at $25.5 million (excluding cost of refurbishment after the current ground test program). In addition, he said, during the static structural test program at North American Rockwell, CSM 102 would be subjected to loads that would compromise structural integrity of the vehicle for manned flight. References: 16.
1968 July 22 - 04:23 GMT - Launch Site: Eglin. Launch Complex: -. Launch Pad: -. Launch Vehicle: Nike. Model: Nike Iroquois. LV Configuration: Nike Iroquois CRL AF07.389.
  • Mass spectrometer Aeronomy mission Nation: USA. Agency: AFCRL. Apogee: 144 km (89 mi). References: 2.
1968 July 23 - Launch Site: Biscarosse. Launch Complex: -. Launch Pad: -. Launch Vehicle: Belier. Model: Dragon 3. LV Configuration: Dragon 3 D-301.
  • FU-188 Technology test Nation: France. Agency: CNES. Apogee: 562 km (349 mi). References: 2.
1968 July 23 - 04:18 GMT - Launch Site: Eglin. Launch Complex: -. Launch Pad: -. Launch Vehicle: Nike. Model: Nike Iroquois. LV Configuration: Nike Iroquois CRL AG07.628.
  • TMA Aeronomy mission Nation: USA. Agency: AFCRL. Apogee: 161 km (100 mi). References: 2.
1968 July 23 - 04:19 GMT - Launch Site: Eglin. Launch Complex: -. Launch Pad: -. Launch Vehicle: Nike. Model: Nike Iroquois. LV Configuration: Nike Iroquois CRL AG07.629.
  • TMA Aeronomy mission Nation: USA. Agency: AFCRL. Apogee: 202 km (125 mi). References: 2.
1968 July 23 - 04:28 GMT - Launch Site: Eglin. Launch Complex: -. Launch Pad: -. Launch Vehicle: Nike. Model: Nike Iroquois. LV Configuration: Nike Iroquois CRL AG07.642A.
  • TMA Aeronomy mission Nation: USA. Agency: AFCRL. Apogee: 200 km (120 mi). References: 2.
1968 July 23 - 04:28 GMT - Launch Site: Eglin. Launch Complex: -. Launch Pad: -. Launch Vehicle: Nike. Model: Nike Iroquois. LV Configuration: Nike Iroquois CRL AG07.632.
  • TMA Aeronomy mission Nation: USA. Agency: AFCRL. Apogee: 150 km (90 mi). References: 2.
1968 July 24 - 00:19 GMT - Launch Site: Wallops Island. Launch Complex: -. Launch Pad: -. Launch Vehicle: Apache. Model: Nike Apache. LV Configuration: Nike Apache NASA 14.349UA.
  • Composition Aeronomy mission Nation: USA. Agency: NASA. Apogee: 106 km (65 mi). References: 2.
1968 July 24 - 00:46 GMT - Launch Site: Wallops Island. Launch Complex: -. Launch Pad: -. Launch Vehicle: Cajun. Model: Nike Cajun. LV Configuration: Nike Cajun NASA 10.265GM.
  • Falling sphere Aeronomy mission Nation: USA. Agency: NASA. Apogee: 126 km (78 mi). References: 2.
1968 July 24 - 01:41 GMT - Launch Site: Woomera. Launch Complex: LA2. Launch Pad: LA2 SL. Launch Vehicle: Skylark. Model: Skylark 5C. LV Configuration: Skylark-5C SL523.
  • Electron profile Ionosphere mission Nation: Australia. Agency: WRE/RAE. Apogee: 258 km (160 mi). References: 2.
1968 July 24 - 05:00 GMT - Launch Site: Wallops Island. Launch Complex: -. Launch Pad: -. Launch Vehicle: Cajun. Model: Nike Cajun. LV Configuration: Nike Cajun NASA 10.253UA.
  • Falling sphere Aeronomy mission Nation: USA. Agency: NASA. Apogee: 155 km (96 mi). References: 2.
1968 July 24 - 09:54 GMT - Launch Site: Wallops Island. Launch Complex: -. Launch Pad: -. Launch Vehicle: Apache. Model: Nike Apache. LV Configuration: Nike Apache NASA 14.348UA.
  • Composition Aeronomy mission Nation: USA. Agency: NASA. Apogee: 105 km (65 mi). References: 2.
1968 July 24 - 10:06 GMT - Launch Site: Wallops Island. Launch Complex: -. Launch Pad: -. Launch Vehicle: Apache. Model: Nike Apache. LV Configuration: Nike Apache NASA 14.358UI.
  • Aeronomy mission Nation: USA. Agency: NASA. Apogee: 206 km (128 mi). References: 2.
1968 July 24 - 10:19 GMT - Launch Site: Wallops Island. Launch Complex: -. Launch Pad: -. Launch Vehicle: Cajun. Model: Nike Cajun. LV Configuration: Nike Cajun NASA 10.258GM.
  • Grenades Aeronomy mission Nation: USA. Agency: NASA. Apogee: 117 km (72 mi). References: 2.
1968 July 24 - 10:36 GMT - Launch Site: Wallops Island. Launch Complex: -. Launch Pad: -. Launch Vehicle: Apache. Model: Nike Apache. LV Configuration: Nike Apache NASA 14.359UI.
  • Ionosphere mission Nation: USA. Agency: NASA. Apogee: 211 km (131 mi). References: 2.
1968 July 24 - 17:00 GMT - Launch Site: Wallops Island. Launch Complex: -. Launch Pad: -. Launch Vehicle: Apache. Model: Nike Apache. LV Configuration: Nike Apache NASA 14.360UI.
  • Ionosphere mission Nation: USA. Agency: NASA. Apogee: 214 km (132 mi). References: 2.
1968 July 24 - 18:30 GMT - Launch Site: Wallops Island. Launch Complex: -. Launch Pad: -. Launch Vehicle: Cajun. Model: Nike Cajun. LV Configuration: Nike Cajun NASA 10.254UA.
  • Sphere? Aeronomy mission Nation: USA. Agency: NASA. Apogee: 159 km (98 mi). References: 2.
1968 July 24 - 21:36 GMT - Launch Site: Wallops Island. Launch Complex: -. Launch Pad: -. Launch Vehicle: Apache. Model: Nike Apache. LV Configuration: Nike Apache NASA 14.361UI.
  • Ionosphere mission Nation: USA. Agency: NASA. Apogee: 206 km (128 mi). References: 2.
1968 July 25 - Launch Site: Kourou. Launch Complex: ALFS. Launch Pad: -. Launch Vehicle: Veronique. Model: Veronique 61M. LV Configuration: Veronique 61M 61M/89.
  • FU-185 X-ray astronomy mission Nation: France. Agency: CNES. Apogee: 185 km (114 mi). No recovery. FU185 Technology + X-ray astronomy / Stab mission. References: 2.
1968 July 25 - 17:30 GMT - Launch Site: Kapustin Yar. Launch Complex: V-2. Launch Pad: -. Launch Vehicle: MR-12.
  • Aeronomy mission Nation: USSR. Agency: AN SSSR. Apogee: 145 km (90 mi). References: 2.
1968 July 26 - Launch Site: Biscarosse. Launch Complex: BLB. Launch Pad: -. Launch Vehicle: SSBS. Model: SSBS S01.
  • S01V-6 test Nation: France. Agency: DMA. Apogee: 500 km (310 mi). References: 2.
1968 July 26 - 00:00 GMT - Launch Site: Kapustin Yar. Launch Complex: V-2. Launch Pad: -. Launch Vehicle: MR-12.
  • Aeronomy mission Nation: USSR. Agency: AN SSSR. Apogee: 147 km (91 mi). References: 2.
1968 July 27 - 03:55 GMT - Launch Site: White Sands. Launch Complex: LC35. Launch Pad: -. Launch Vehicle: Aerobee. Model: Aerobee 150. LV Configuration: Aerobee 150 NASA 04.236UG.
  • X-ray astronomy mission Nation: USA. Agency: NASA. Apogee: 142 km (88 mi). References: 2.
1968 July 27 - 04:30 GMT - Launch Site: White Sands. Launch Complex: LC35. Launch Pad: -. Launch Vehicle: Aerobee. Model: Aerobee 150. LV Configuration: Aerobee 150 NASA 04.225UG.
  • Stellar X-ray X-ray astronomy mission Nation: USA. Agency: NASA. Apogee: 135 km (83 mi). References: 2.
1968 July 27 - 17:26 GMT - Launch Site: Kapustin Yar. Launch Complex: V-2. Launch Pad: -. Launch Vehicle: MR-12.
  • Aeronomy mission Nation: USSR. Agency: AN SSSR. Apogee: 150 km (90 mi). References: 2.
1968 July 29 -
  • Reduced L3 recovery forces. Nation: USSR. Program: Lunar L3. Spacecraft: Soyuz 7K-LOK. Vershinin looks bad after his surgery. His loss would be a blow for Kamanin's cause - Vershinin was steadfast against the unobjective positions of Mishin and Smirnov. Vershinin had just sent yet another letter about the procurement of the 16 m centrifuge for the TsPK. This is a six-year long story. The VVS has been trying to procure this essential piece of cosmonaut training equipment since 1962, but it still has not been delivered. Vershinin also has issued a letter on the L3 recovery force issue. He points out that the resolution of the Central Committee ordered the expenditure of 600 million roubles and the commitment of 9,000 men for recovery services. Another 400 million roubles and 12,000 men were earmarked by the Rocket Forces. Despite this huge commitment, Mishin now says he doesn't need any of them, that he can bring his L1 and L3 spacecraft to precision landings within the confines of the cosmodrome, eliminating the need for any Indian Ocean recoveries. This optimism is not accepted, but it is agreed the total requirement can be reduced to 400 million roubles and 7,000 men, through use of lighter recovery ships of the Leninskiy Komsomol class, and the use of three airborne relay stations instead of nine. References: 376.
1968 July 30 - 07:00 GMT - Launch Site: Baikonur. Launch Complex: LC1. Launch Pad: LC1 or LC31. Launch Vehicle: Soyuz. Model: Voskhod 11A57.
  • Cosmos 234 Nation: USSR. Mass: 6,300 kg (13,800 lb). Class: Surveillance. Type: Military. Spacecraft: Zenit-4. Agency: MOM. Perigee: 208 km (129 mi). Apogee: 288 km (178 mi). Inclination: 51.80 deg. Period: 89.40 min. COSPAR: 1968-062A. USAF Sat Cat: 3332. Duration: 6.00 days. Decay Date: 1968-08-05. High resolution photo reconnaissance satellite; returned film capsule References: 2, 6.
1968 July 30 - 16:07 GMT - Launch Site: ETR Launch Area. Launch Complex: -. Launch Pad: -. Launch Vehicle: Polaris. Model: Polaris A2E. LV Configuration: Polaris A2E A2E.
  • Operational test Nation: USA. Agency: USN. Apogee: 1,000 km (600 mi). References: 2.
1968 July 30 - 22:53 GMT - Launch Site: Kiruna. Launch Complex: C. Launch Pad: -. Launch Vehicle: Belier. Model: Centaure. LV Configuration: Centaure CE-31.
  • ESRO C20 / 2 Aeronomy mission Nation: Europe. Agency: ESRO. Apogee: 135 km (83 mi). References: 2.
1968 July 31 - 13:00 GMT - Launch Site: Kapustin Yar. Launch Complex: V-2. Launch Pad: -. Launch Vehicle: MR-12.
  • Electron fluxes Chemical release / plasma mission Nation: USSR. Agency: AN SSSR. Apogee: 178 km (110 mi). References: 2.
1968 July 31 - 18:54 GMT - Launch Site: Kapustin Yar. Launch Complex: V-2. Launch Pad: -. Launch Vehicle: MR-12.
  • Electron fluxes Chemical release / plasma mission Nation: USSR. Agency: AN SSSR. Apogee: 173 km (107 mi). References: 2.
1968 July 31 - 21:21 GMT - Launch Site: Wallops Island. Launch Complex: -. Launch Pad: -. Launch Vehicle: Tomahawk Sandia. Model: Nike Tomahawk. LV Configuration: Nike Tomahawk NASA 18.31UA.
  • JHU Airglow 9 Aeronomy mission Nation: USA. Agency: NASA. Apogee: 300 km (180 mi). References: 2.
1968 August 1 - 00:00 GMT - Launch Site: Kapustin Yar. Launch Complex: V-2. Launch Pad: -. Launch Vehicle: MR-12.
  • Electron fluxes Aeronomy / plasma mission Nation: USSR. Agency: AN SSSR. Apogee: 168 km (104 mi). References: 2.
1968 August 1 - 02:00 GMT - Launch Site: Kapustin Yar. Launch Complex: V-2. Launch Pad: -. Launch Vehicle: MR-12.
  • Electron fluxes Plasma / fields mission Nation: USSR. Agency: AN SSSR. Apogee: 176 km (109 mi). References: 2.
1968 August 1 - 09:10 GMT - Launch Site: Fort Churchill. Launch Complex: -. Launch Pad: -. Launch Vehicle: Aerobee. Model: Aerobee 150. LV Configuration: Aerobee 150 NASA 04.224NA.
  • Noctilucent sampler Aeronomy / meteorites mission Nation: USA. Agency: NASA. Apogee: 115 km (71 mi). References: 2.
1968 August 1 - 10:27 GMT - Launch Site: South Uist. Launch Complex: -. Launch Pad: -. Launch Vehicle: Petrel. Model: Petrel 1. LV Configuration: Petrel P13H.
  • Solar X-rays / La / ne Ionosphere / solar x-rays mission Nation: UK. Agency: SRC. Apogee: 145 km (90 mi). References: 2.
1968 August 2 -
  • Reduced L3 recovery forces accepted. Nation: USSR. Program: Lunar L3. Spacecraft: Soyuz 7K-LOK. Vershinin, Afanasyev, Keldysh, and Ryabikov accept the reduced recovery forces estimate. Meanwhile a letter from the cosmonauts disputes the Gagarin crash investigation finding ('pilot error resulting in an abrupt manoeuvre'). References: 376.
1968 August 2 - 06:19 GMT - Launch Site: Fort Churchill. Launch Complex: -. Launch Pad: -. Launch Vehicle: Black Brant. Model: Black Brant 5B. LV Configuration: Black Brant VB ADD-VB-18.
  • Aeronomy / ionosphere / Fields mission Nation: Canada. Agency: NRCC. Apogee: 284 km (176 mi). References: 2.
1968 August 5 -
  • Czech situation worstening. Nation: USSR. Kamanin notes the Czech situtation with Dubcek is reaching a crisis point, absorbing the attention of the military services that support the space program. References: 376.
1968 August 6 - 01:55 GMT - Launch Site: Woomera. Launch Complex: LA2. Launch Pad: LA2 SL. Launch Vehicle: Skylark. Model: Skylark 5C. LV Configuration: Skylark-5C SL524.
  • Electron profile Ionosphere mission Nation: Australia. Agency: WRE/RAE. Apogee: 234 km (145 mi). References: 2.
1968 August 6 - 11:16 GMT - Launch Site: Cape Canaveral. Launch Complex: LC13. Launch Pad: -. Launch Vehicle: Atlas. Model: SLV-3A Agena D. LV Configuration: SLV-3A Agena D 5501A / Agena D 2801.
  • Canyon 1 Nation: USA. Payload: Canyon 1 / Agena D. Mass: 700 kg (1,540 lb). Class: Sigint. Spacecraft: Canyon. Agency: NRO/USAF. Perigee: 31,680 km (19,680 mi). Apogee: 39,860 km (24,760 mi). Inclination: 9.90 deg. Period: 1,436.00 min. COSPAR: 1968-063A. USAF Sat Cat: 3334. First launch in a communications intelligence program operated by the USAF within the National Reconnaissance Office, on behalf of the National Security Agency. The first generation series, CANYON, was based on the Agena vehicle. The Agena D remained attached to the spacecraft. Positioned in geosynchronous orbit over the Indian Ocean. Last known longitude (30 December 1968) 98.50 deg W drifting at 0.166 deg E per day. References: 2, 6, 172, 278.
1968 August 6 - 16:33 GMT - Launch Site: Vandenberg. Launch Complex: SLC4W. Launch Pad: -. Launch Vehicle: Titan. Model: Titan 3B. LV Configuration: Titan IIIB 3B-17.
  • OPS 5187 Nation: USA. Payload: KH-8 no. 15 / Agena D. Mass: 3,000 kg (6,600 lb). Class: Surveillance. Type: Military. Spacecraft: KH-8. Agency: NRO/USAF. Perigee: 142 km (88 mi). Apogee: 395 km (245 mi). Inclination: 110.00 deg. Period: 89.90 min. COSPAR: 1968-064A. USAF Sat Cat: 3335. Decay Date: 1968-08-16. KH-8 type satellite. Space craft engaged in investigation of spaceflight techniques and technology (US Cat A). References: 2, 6.
1968 August 6 - 18:43 GMT - Launch Site: White Sands. Launch Complex: LC35. Launch Pad: -. Launch Vehicle: Aerobee. Model: Aerobee 150. LV Configuration: Aerobee 150 CRL AG3.532.
  • Extreme ultraviolet Mon / RPA Ionosphere / solar extreme ultraviolet mission Nation: USA. Agency: USAF. Apogee: 127 km (78 mi). References: 2.
1968 August 7 -
  • Apollo Review Board certifies the design of Apollo LM-3 Nation: USA. Program: Apollo. Spacecraft: Apollo LM. Flight: Apollo 9. The Apollo Design Certification Review (DCR) Board convened at MSC to examine LM-3 further for proof of design and development maturity and to assess and certify the design of the LM-3 as flightworthy and safe for manned flight. This Delta review was identified as a requirement at the March 6 LM-3 DCR. The Board concluded at the close of the Delta DCR that LM-3 was safe to fly manned with the completion of open work and action items identified during the review. References: 16.
1968 August 7 - Launch Vehicle: Saturn V. 1968 August 7 - 12:05 GMT - Launch Site: Wallops Island. Launch Complex: -. Launch Pad: -. Launch Vehicle: Apache. Model: Nike Apache. LV Configuration: Nike Apache NASA 14.320UE.
  • Rice Particles Plasma mission Nation: USA. Agency: NASA. Apogee: 196 km (121 mi). References: 2.
1968 August 7 - 21:36 GMT - Launch Site: Vandenberg. Launch Complex: SLC3W. Launch Pad: -. Launch Vehicle: Delta. Model: Thorad SLV-2G Agena D. LV Configuration: Thorad SLV-2G Agena D 522 / Agena D 1644.
  • KH-4B 1104 Nation: USA. Payload: KH-4B s/n 1104 / Agena D 1644. Mass: 3,000 kg (6,600 lb). Class: Surveillance. Type: Military. Spacecraft: KH-4B. Agency: NRO/CIA. Perigee: 160 km (90 mi). Apogee: 259 km (160 mi). Inclination: 82.10 deg. Period: 88.70 min. COSPAR: 1968-065A. USAF Sat Cat: 3336. Decay Date: 1968-08-27. KH-4B. Best imagery to date on any KH-4 systems. Bicolor and color infrared experiments were conducted on this mission. References: 2, 6.
1968 August 8 -
  • Test and checkout problems for Apollo AS-503 and AS-504 Nation: USA. Program: Apollo. Flight: Apollo 8, Apollo 9. ASPO Manager George M. Low and several members of his staff met at KSC with Center Director Kurt H. Debus, Launch Operations Director Rocco A. Petrone, and KSC Apollo Program Manager R. O. Middleton to discuss test and checkout problems for AS-503 and AS-504. Additional Details: Test and checkout problems for Apollo AS-503 and AS-504. References: 16.
1968 August 8 -
  • Further Soyuz delays Nation: USSR. Program: Soyuz. Spacecraft: Soyuz 7K-OK. The next flight of an unmanned Soyuz has been delayed yet again. It had been set for 27 July, then 10 August, and now 20 August. The problem is qualification of the reserve parachute system. The test at Fedosiya on 3 August was a failure - the SA capsule's parachute hatch didn't jettison, the parachute system couldn't operate, and the capsule was destroyed on impact with the ground. The system needed 3 to 5 final tests for qualification. The first test in the series was successful, but this second test was a disaster. Another setback for Mishin. The same parachute hatch mechanism had never failed before in 200 flights of Vostok, Zenit, and Soyuz spacecraft. Meanwhile the invasion of Czechoslovakia is underway… References: 376.
1968 August 8 - Launch Site: Jiuquan. Launch Complex: -. Launch Pad: -. Launch Vehicle: T-7. Model: T-7/GF-01A.
  • GF-01A satellite test Nation: China. Agency: CAST. Apogee: 311 km (193 mi). References: 2.
1968 August 8 - 09:00 GMT - Launch Site: Natal. Launch Complex: -. Launch Pad: -. Launch Vehicle: Nike. Model: Nike Iroquois. LV Configuration: Nike Iroquois CRL AG07.273.
  • Meteor dust Meteorites mission Nation: USA. Agency: USAF. Apogee: 158 km (98 mi). References: 2.
1968 August 8 - 19:10 GMT - Launch Site: Wallops Island. Launch Complex: -. Launch Pad: -. Launch Vehicle: Tomahawk Sandia. Model: Nike Tomahawk. LV Configuration: Nike Tomahawk NASA 18.51GA.
  • Thermosphere probe Aeronomy mission Nation: USA. Agency: NASA. Apogee: 286 km (177 mi). References: 2.
1968 August 8 - 19:35 GMT - Launch Site: Wallops Island. Launch Complex: -. Launch Pad: -. Launch Vehicle: Apache. Model: Nike Apache. LV Configuration: Nike Apache NASA 14.187UM.
  • UM Pitot 38 Aeronomy mission Nation: USA. Agency: NASA. Apogee: 152 km (94 mi). References: 2.
1968 August 8 - 20:12 GMT - Launch Site: Vandenberg. Launch Complex: SLC5. Launch Pad: -. Launch Vehicle: Scout. Model: Scout B. LV Configuration: Scout B S165C.
  • Explorer 39 Nation: USA. Program: Explorer. Payload: ADE C. Mass: 9.00 kg (19.80 lb). Class: Earth. Type: Atmosphere. Spacecraft: ADE. Agency: NASA LaR. Perigee: 670 km (410 mi). Apogee: 2,538 km (1,577 mi). Inclination: 80.70 deg. Period: 118.30 min. COSPAR: 1968-066A. USAF Sat Cat: 3337. Decay Date: 1981-06-22. Air Density Explorer; atmospheric density and temperature data. Spacecraft engaged in research and exploration of the upper atmosphere or outer space (US Cat B). References: 2, 6.
  • Explorer 40 Nation: USA. Program: Explorer. Payload: Injun E. Mass: 70 kg (154 lb). Class: Earth. Type: Magnetosphere. Spacecraft: Injun. Agency: NASA LaR. Perigee: 679 km (421 mi). Apogee: 2,489 km (1,546 mi). Inclination: 80.70 deg. Period: 117.80 min. COSPAR: 1968-066B. USAF Sat Cat: 3338. Injun Explorer; radiation data. Spacecraft engaged in research and exploration of the upper atmosphere or outer space (US Cat B). References: 2, 6.
1968 August 9 - Launch Vehicle: Saturn V. 1968 August 9 - 07:00 GMT - Launch Site: Baikonur. Launch Complex: LC31. Launch Pad: -. Launch Vehicle: Soyuz. Model: Voskhod 11A57.
  • Cosmos 235 Nation: USSR. Payload: Zenit-2 11F61 s/n 61. Mass: 4,720 kg (10,400 lb). Class: Surveillance. Type: Military. Spacecraft: Zenit-2. Agency: MOM. Perigee: 201 km (124 mi). Apogee: 281 km (174 mi). Inclination: 51.80 deg. Period: 89.30 min. COSPAR: 1968-067A. USAF Sat Cat: 3339. Duration: 8.00 days. Decay Date: 1968-08-17. Area survey photo reconnaissance satellite. Partially successful. Hard landing due to parachute sytem failure. 30% of the film damaged. References: 2, 6,93.
1968 August 9 - 07:02 GMT - Launch Site: Wallops Island. Launch Complex: -. Launch Pad: -. Launch Vehicle: Tomahawk Sandia. Model: Nike Tomahawk. LV Configuration: Nike Tomahawk NASA 18.56GA.
  • Thermosphere probe Aeronomy mission Nation: USA. Agency: NASA. Apogee: 320 km (190 mi). References: 2.
1968 August 9 - 07:24 GMT - Launch Site: Wallops Island. Launch Complex: -. Launch Pad: -. Launch Vehicle: Apache. Model: Nike Apache. LV Configuration: Nike Apache NASA 14.357UM.
  • UM Pitot 39 Aeronomy mission Nation: USA. Agency: NASA. Apogee: 146 km (90 mi). References: 2.
1968 August 10 - Launch Vehicle: Saturn V. 1968 August 10 - 22:33 GMT - Launch Site: Cape Canaveral. Launch Complex: LC36A. Launch Pad: -. Launch Vehicle: Atlas. Model: SLV-3C Centaur. LV Configuration: SLV-3C Centaur AC-17 / Centaur D-1A 5104C. FAILURE: Centaur oxidizer leak. No restart.
  • ATS 4 Nation: USA. Program: ATS. Payload: ATS D. Mass: 391 kg (862 lb). Class: Technology. Type: Comsat. Spacecraft: ATS-4. Agency: NASA GSF. Perigee: 220 km (130 mi). Apogee: 769 km (477 mi). Inclination: 29.10 deg. Period: 94.50 min. COSPAR: 1968-068A. USAF Sat Cat: 3344. Decay Date: 1968-08-10. Applications Technology Satellite that was to have been put into a geosynchronous transfer orbit, instead was left in a nearly-useless LEO orbit. ATS-4 included two cesium contact ion engines. Flight test objectives were to measure thrust and to examine electromagnetic compatibility with other spacecraft subsystems. The 5 cm diameter thrusters were designed to operate at 0.02 kW and provide about 89 microN thrust at about 6700 s specific impulse. The thrusters had the capability to operate at 5 setpoints from 18 to 89 microN. Thrusters were configured so they could be used for East-West station-keeping. Prior to launch, a 5 cm cesium thruster was life tested for 2245 hours at the 67 microN thrust level. However the Centaur upper stage did not achieve a second burn and the spacecraft remained attached to the Centaur in a 218 km by 760 km orbit. It was estimated that the pressure at these altitudes was between 10^-6 and 10^-8 Torr. Each of the two engines was tested on at least two occasions each over the throttling range. Combined test time of the two engines was about 10 hours over a 55 day period. The spacecraft re-entered the atmosphere on October 17, 1968. TheATS-4 flight was the first successful orbital test of an ion engine. There was no evidence of IPS electromagnetic interference related to spacecraft subsystems. Measured values of neutralizer emission current were much less than the ion beam current, implying inadequate neutralization. The spacecraft potential was about -132V which was much different than the anticipated value of about -40V. References: 2, 6, 126, 278.
1968 August 12 - Launch Vehicle: Saturn V.
  • Apollo 8 lunar mission scheduled for December 20. Nation: USA. Program: Apollo. Spacecraft: Apollo LTA, Apollo CSM. Flight: Apollo 8. On August 12 Kraft informed Low that December 20 was the day if they wanted to launch in daylight. With everyone agreeing to a daylight launch, the launch was planned for December 1 with a "built-in hold" until the 20th, which would have the effect of giving assurance of meeting the schedule. LTA (LM test article)-B was considered as a substitute; it had been through a dynamic test vehicle program, and all except Kotanchik agreed this would be a good substitute. Grumman suggested LTA-4 but Low decided on LTA-B. References: 16.
1968 August 12 - 07:00 GMT - Launch Site: Natal. Launch Complex: -. Launch Pad: -. Launch Vehicle: Nike. Model: Nike Iroquois. LV Configuration: Nike Iroquois CRL AG07.275.
  • Meteorites Meteorites mission Nation: USA. Agency: USAF. Apogee: 153 km (95 mi). References: 2.
1968 August 12 - 08:38 GMT - Launch Site: White Sands. Launch Complex: -. Launch Pad: -. Launch Vehicle: Apache. Model: Nike Apache. LV Configuration: Nike Apache NASA 14.336UA.
  • Pandora D Meteorites mission Nation: USA. Agency: NASA. Apogee: 155 km (96 mi). References: 2.
1968 August 13 - Launch Vehicle: Saturn V.
  • Borman crew selected for Apollo 8 lunar mission. Nation: USA. Program: Apollo. Spacecraft: Apollo CSM. Flight: Apollo 8, Apollo 9. Kleinknecht had concluded his CSM 103-106 configuration study by August 13 and determined the high-gain antenna was the most critical item. Kraft was still "GO" and said December 20-26 (except December 25) offered best launch times; he had also looked at January launch possibilities. Slayton had decided to assign the 104 crew to the mission. He had talked to crew commander Frank Borman and Borman was interested. References: 16.
1968 August 14 - Launch Vehicle: Saturn V.
  • During a key meeting of Apollo senior figures - top NASA management first approached regarding an Apollo 8 lunar mission in December - reaction: negative. Nation: USA. Program: Apollo. Spacecraft: Apollo CSM. Flight: Apollo 8. Participants in the August 14 meeting in Washington were Low, Gilruth, Kraft, and Slayton from MSC; von Braun, James, and Richard from MSFC; Debus and Petrone from KSC; and Deputy Administrator Thomas Paine, William Schneider, Julian Bowman, Phillips, and Hage from NASA Hq. Low reviewed the spacecraft aspects; Kraft, flight operations; and Slayton, flight crew support. MSFC had agreed on the LTA-B as the substitute and were still ready to go; and KSC said they would be ready by December 6. Additional Details: During a key meeting of Apollo senior figures - top NASA management first approached regarding an Apollo 8 lunar mission in December - reaction: negative.. References: 16.
1968 August 14 - Launch Site: ETR Launch Area. Launch Complex: -. Launch Pad: -. Launch Vehicle: Polaris. Model: Polaris A2E. LV Configuration: Polaris A2E A2E.
  • Operational test Nation: USA. Agency: USN. Apogee: 1,000 km (600 mi). References: 2.
1968 August 14 - Launch Site: Baikonur. Launch Complex: PU31. Launch Pad: -. Launch Vehicle: Tsiklon. Model: R-36 8K67M.
  • Operational missile test Nation: USSR. Agency: RVSN. Apogee: 1,000 km (600 mi). References: 2.
1968 August 15 - Launch Vehicle: Saturn V.
  • Webb briefed on Apollo 8 lunar mission concept. Nation: USA. Program: Apollo. Spacecraft: Apollo CSM. Flight: Apollo 7, Apollo 8. Phillips and Paine discussed the plan with Webb in Vienna. Webb wanted to think about it, and requested further information by diplomatic carrier. That same day Phillips called Low and informed him that Mueller had agreed to the plan with the provisions that no full announcement would be made until after the Apollo 7 flight; that it could be announced that 503 would be manned and possible missions were being studied; and that an internal document could be prepared for a planned lunar orbit for December. References: 16.
1968 August 15 - 07:59 GMT - Launch Site: Fort Churchill. Launch Complex: -. Launch Pad: -. Launch Vehicle: Aerobee. Model: Aerobee 150. LV Configuration: Aerobee 150 CRL AE3.725.
  • Infrared horizon Technology test Nation: USA. Agency: USAF. Apogee: 179 km (111 mi). References: 2.
1968 August 16 -
  • Launch preparations for the Apollo 7 Nation: USA. Program: Apollo. Spacecraft: Apollo LM. Flight: Apollo 7, Apollo 8. NASA Associate Administrator for Manned Space Flight George E. Mueller reported to his superiors that launch preparations for the Apollo 7 mission were running ahead of schedule. Spacecraft 101 had been erected and mated with the launch vehicle on August 9. Additional Details: Launch preparations for the Apollo 7. References: 16.
1968 August 16 - 10:30 GMT - Launch Site: Cape Canaveral. Launch Complex: LC25C. Launch Pad: -. Launch Vehicle: Poseidon. LV Configuration: Poseidon C3X-1.
  • Test mission Nation: USA. Agency: USN. Apogee: 500 km (310 mi). References: 2.
1968 August 16 - 11:24 GMT - Launch Site: Vandenberg. Launch Complex: SLC2E. Launch Pad: -. Launch Vehicle: Delta. Model: Thor Delta N. LV Configuration: Thor Delta N 528/D58.
  • ESSA 7 Nation: USA. Program: Tiros. Payload: TOS E. Mass: 145 kg (319 lb). Class: Earth. Type: Weather. Spacecraft: TOS. Agency: ESSA. Perigee: 1,431 km (889 mi). Apogee: 1,473 km (915 mi). Inclination: 101.90 deg. Period: 114.90 min. COSPAR: 1968-069A. USAF Sat Cat: 3345. Spacecraft engaged in practical applications and uses of space technology such as weather or communication (US Cat C). References: 2, 6.
1968 August 16 - 20:30 GMT - Launch Site: Cape Canaveral. Launch Complex: LC32B. Launch Pad: -. Launch Vehicle: Minuteman 3. LV Configuration: Minuteman 3 FTM-201.
  • Research and development test Nation: USA. Agency: USAF AFSC. Apogee: 1,300 km (800 mi). First Minuteman III flight test missile launched from Vandenberg AFB. References: 2.
1968 August 16 - 20:57 GMT - Launch Site: Vandenberg. Launch Complex: SLC3E. Launch Pad: -. Launch Vehicle: Atlas. Model: Atlas Burner 2. LV Configuration: Atlas / Burner 2 7004. FAILURE: Failure.
  • LCS 3 Nation: USA. Payload: LCS 3. Mass: 37 kg (81 lb). Class: Earth. Type: Ionosphere. Spacecraft: Orbiscal. Agency: U.S. Air Force, U.S. Navy. COSPAR: F680816A. Decay Date: 1968-08-16. First of two Atlas/Burner II space launches. 1 of 13 satellite launch attempts; investigate effects of ionosphere on radio signals. References: 126, 278.
  • AVL-802 Grid Sphere 7-2 Nation: USA. Payload: AVL-802. Spacecraft: Calsphere. Agency: USAF AFSC. COSPAR: F680816B. References: 279.
  • AVL-802 Grid Sphere 7-1 Nation: USA. Payload: AVL-802. Spacecraft: Orbiscal. Agency: USAF AFSC. COSPAR: F680816C. References: 279.
  • AVL-802 Mylar Sphere Nation: USA. Payload: AVL-802. Spacecraft: Calsphere. Agency: USAF AFSC. COSPAR: F680816D. References: 279.
  • RM-18 Nation: USA. Payload: RM-18. Spacecraft: RM. Agency: USAF AFSC. COSPAR: F680816E. References: 279.
  • Orbiscal 1 Nation: USA. Payload: Orbiscal 1. Spacecraft: Orbiscal. Agency: USAF AFSC. COSPAR: F680816F. References: 279.
  • Radcat Nation: USA. Payload: Radcat. Spacecraft: Radcat. Agency: USAF AFSC. COSPAR: F680816G. References: 279.
  • OV5-8 Nation: USA. Payload: OV5-8. Spacecraft: OV5. Agency: USAF AFSC. COSPAR: F680816H. References: 279.
  • EGRS 12 Nation: USA. Payload: EGRS 12. Spacecraft: Orbiscal. Agency: USAF AFSC. COSPAR: F680816I. References: 279.
  • EGRS 11 Nation: USA. Payload: EGRS 11. Spacecraft: Orbiscal. Agency: USAF AFSC. COSPAR: F680816J. References: 279.
  • UVR Nation: USA. Payload: UVR. Spacecraft: Orbiscal. Agency: USAF AFSC. COSPAR: F680816K. References: 279.
  • AVL-802 Rigid Sphere Nation: USA. Payload: AVL-802. Spacecraft: Calsphere. Agency: USAF AFSC. COSPAR: F680816L. References: 279.
  • LIDOS Nation: USA. Payload: LIDOS. Spacecraft: Orbiscal. Agency: USAF AFSC. COSPAR: F680816M. References: 279.
1968 August 17 - Launch Vehicle: Saturn V.
  • Webb approves Apollo 8 lunar orbit mission for December - but no public announcement until after a successful Apollo 7 flight. Nation: USA. Program: Apollo. Spacecraft: Apollo CSM. Flight: Apollo 7, Apollo 8, Apollo 9. Phillips and Hage visited MSC, bringing the news that Webb had given clear-cut authority to prepare for a December 6 launch, but that they could not proceed with clearance for lunar orbit until after the Apollo 7 flight, which would be an earth-orbital mission with basic objectives of proving the CSM and Saturn V systems. Phillips said that Webb had been "shocked and fairly negative" when he talked to him about the plan on August 15. Subsequently, Paine and Phillips sent Webb a lengthy discourse on why the mission should be changed, and it was felt he would change his mind with a successful Apollo 7 mission. References: 16.
1968 August 19 - Launch Vehicle: Saturn V.
  • Changes in planning for Apollo flights Nation: USA. Program: Apollo. Spacecraft: Apollo LM, Apollo Lunar Landing. Flight: Apollo 8. In a Mission Preparation Directive sent to the three manned space flight Centers, NASA Apollo Program Director Samuel C. Phillips stated that the following changes would be effected in planning and preparation for Apollo flights:

    Apollo-Saturn 503
    • Assignment of Saturn V 503, CSM 103, and LM-3 to Mission D was canceled.

    • Saturn V 503 would be prepared to carry CSM 103 and LTA (LM test article)-B on a manned CSM-only mission to be designated the C prime mission.

    • The objectives and profile of the C prime mission would be developed to provide maximum gain consistent with standing flight safety requirements. Studies would be carried out and plans prepared so as to provide reasonable flexibility in establishing final mission objectives.

    • All planning and preparations for the C prime mission would proceed toward launch readiness on December 6, 1968.
    Apollo-Saturn 504
    Saturn V 504, CSM 104, and LM-3 were assigned to the D mission, scheduled for launch readiness no earlier than February 20, 1969. The crew assigned to the D mission would remain assigned to that mission. The crew assigned to the E mission (Frank Borman, James A. Lovell, Jr., and William Anders) would be reassigned to the C prime mission. Training and equipping the C prime crews and operational preparations would proceed as required to meet mission requirements and to meet the newly established flight readiness date.
    Additional Details: Changes in planning for Apollo flights. References: 16.
1968 August 19 - 09:17 GMT - Launch Site: Fort Churchill. Launch Complex: -. Launch Pad: -. Launch Vehicle: Nike. Model: Nike Iroquois. LV Configuration: Nike Iroquois CRL AG07.636.
  • TMA Aeronomy mission Nation: USA. Agency: USAF. Apogee: 177 km (109 mi). References: 2.
1968 August 20 - Launch Site: Jiuquan. Launch Complex: -. Launch Pad: -. Launch Vehicle: T-7. Model: T-7/GF-01A.
  • GF-01A satellite test Nation: China. Agency: CAST. Apogee: 311 km (193 mi). References: 2.
1968 August 20 - 09:00 GMT - Launch Site: Fort Churchill. Launch Complex: -. Launch Pad: -. Launch Vehicle: Tomahawk Sandia. Model: Nike Tomahawk. LV Configuration: Nike Tomahawk CRL AH08.649.
  • Release Aeronomy mission Nation: USA. Agency: USAF. Apogee: 194 km (120 mi). References: 2.
1968 August 20 - 10:10 GMT - Launch Site: Fort Churchill. Launch Complex: -. Launch Pad: -. Launch Vehicle: Nike. Model: Nike Iroquois. LV Configuration: Nike Iroquois CRL AG07.685.
  • NO / TMA Aeronomy mission Nation: USA. Agency: USAF. Apogee: 175 km (108 mi). References: 2.
1968 August 20 - 19:32 GMT - Launch Site: White Sands. Launch Complex: -. Launch Pad: -. Launch Vehicle: Apache. Model: Nike Apache. LV Configuration: Nike Apache NASA 14.301UA.
  • Pandora E Meteorites mission Nation: USA. Agency: NASA. Apogee: 154 km (95 mi). References: 2.
1968 August 21 - Launch Site: Vandenberg. Launch Complex: 395-C. Launch Pad: -. Launch Vehicle: Titan. Model: Titan 2. LV Configuration: Titan II B-53.
  • Glory Trip 18T Nation: USA. Agency: USAF SAC. Apogee: 1,300 km (800 mi). FOT GT18T Follow-on Test launch References: 2.
1968 August 21 - 16:04 GMT - Launch Site: Railroad Valley Lake DZ. Launch Complex: -. Launch Pad: 38.2 N x 116.2 W. Launch Vehicle: X-15. LV Configuration: X-15 1-79-139.
  • X-15A WTR/HS/SB/FAB/FP Test/Technology/Aeronomy mission Nation: USA. Agency: NASA/USAF. Apogee: 81 km (50 mi). Maximum Speed - 5540 kph. Maximum Altitude - 81530 m. Astronaut wings flight (USAF definition). References: 2.
1968 August 21 - 19:40 GMT - Launch Site: Wallops Island. Launch Complex: -. Launch Pad: -. Launch Vehicle: Apache. Model: Nike Apache. LV Configuration: Nike Apache NASA 14.369GI.
  • Ionosphere mission Nation: USA. Agency: NASA. Apogee: 193 km (119 mi). References: 2.
1968 August 21 - 19:53 GMT - Launch Site: Wallops Island. Launch Complex: -. Launch Pad: -. Launch Vehicle: Apache. Model: Nike Apache. LV Configuration: Nike Apache NASA 14.368GI.
  • Ionosphere mission Nation: USA. Agency: NASA. Apogee: 189 km (117 mi). References: 2.
1968 August 21 - 20:04 GMT - Launch Site: Wallops Island. Launch Complex: -. Launch Pad: -. Launch Vehicle: Apache. Model: Nike Apache. LV Configuration: Nike Apache NASA 14.370GI.
  • Ionosphere mission Nation: USA. Agency: NASA. Apogee: 192 km (119 mi). References: 2.
1968 August 21 - 21:30 GMT - Launch Site: Wallops Island. Launch Complex: -. Launch Pad: -. Launch Vehicle: Tomahawk Sandia. Model: Nike Tomahawk. LV Configuration: Nike Tomahawk NASA 18.30UI.
  • Ionosphere mission Nation: USA. Agency: NASA. Apogee: 262 km (162 mi). References: 2.
1968 August 22 - 15:16 GMT - Launch Site: Wallops Island. Launch Complex: LA3A. Launch Pad: -. Launch Vehicle: Scout. Model: Scout B. LV Configuration: Scout B S168C.
  • RAM C-2 Re-entry vehicle test Nation: USA. Agency: NASA. Apogee: 227 km (141 mi). References: 2.
1968 August 23 - Launch Site: Baikonur. Launch Complex: PU33. Launch Pad: -. Launch Vehicle: Tsiklon. Model: R-36 8K67P.
  • RGCh state trials flight Nation: USSR. Agency: RVSN. Apogee: 1,000 km (600 mi). References: 2.
1968 August 23 - 04:48 GMT - Launch Site: Tonopah. Launch Complex: -. Launch Pad: -. Launch Vehicle: Sandhawk. LV Configuration: Sandhawk Sandia 152-?.
  • LRL AXE-2 X-ray astronomy mission Nation: USA. Agency: Sandia. Apogee: 187 km (116 mi). References: 2.
1968 August 25 - 16:40 GMT - Launch Site: Kiruna. Launch Complex: -. Launch Pad: -. Launch Vehicle: Arcas. Model: Boosted Arcas 2. LV Configuration: Boosted Arcas 2 AE008.
  • ESRO A50 / 2 Ionosphere mission Nation: Europe. Agency: ESRO. Apogee: 109 km (67 mi). References: 2.
1968 August 27 - Launch Vehicle: Saturn V.
  • Decision to use Apollo LTA-B as payload ballast on the AS-503 flight Nation: USA. Program: Apollo. Spacecraft: Apollo LTA. Flight: Apollo 8. George M. Low, ASPO Manager, set forth the rationale for using LTA-B (as opposed to some other LM test article or even a full-blown LM) as payload ballast on the AS-503 mission. That decision had been a joint one by Headquarters, MSFC, and MSC. Perhaps the chief reason for the decision was Marshall's position that the Saturn V's control system was extremely sensitive to payload weight. Numerous tests had been made for payloads of around 38,555 kilograms but none for those in the 29,435- to 31,750-kilogram range. MSFC had therefore asked that the minimum payload for AS-503 be set at 38,555 kilograms. Additional Details: Decision to use Apollo LTA-B as payload ballast on the AS-503 flight. References: 16.
1968 August 27 - 03:34 GMT - Launch Site: Fort Churchill. Launch Complex: -. Launch Pad: -. Launch Vehicle: Nike. Model: Nike Iroquois. LV Configuration: Nike Iroquois CRL AH07.667.
  • TMA Aeronomy mission Nation: USA. Agency: USAF. Apogee: 201 km (124 mi). References: 2.
1968 August 27 - 04:44 GMT - Launch Site: Fort Churchill. Launch Complex: -. Launch Pad: -. Launch Vehicle: Tomahawk Sandia. Model: Nike Tomahawk. LV Configuration: Nike Tomahawk CRL AH08.668.
  • Release Aeronomy mission Nation: USA. Agency: USAF. Apogee: 201 km (124 mi). References: 2.
1968 August 27 - 11:29 GMT - Launch Site: Baikonur. Launch Complex: LC41/15. Launch Pad: -. Launch Vehicle: Kosmos 3. Model: Kosmos 11K65.
  • Cosmos 236 Nation: USSR. Program: Strela. Mass: 875 kg (1,929 lb). Class: Communications. Type: Military Store-dump. Spacecraft: Strela-2. Agency: MO SSSR. Perigee: 340 km (210 mi). Apogee: 348 km (216 mi). Inclination: 56.10 deg. Period: 91.40 min. COSPAR: 1968-070A. USAF Sat Cat: 3347. Decay Date: 1990-03-04. Investigation of the upper atmosphere and outer space. References: 2, 6, 279.
1968 August 27 - 12:29 GMT - Launch Site: Plesetsk. Launch Complex: -. Launch Pad: -. Launch Vehicle: Soyuz. Model: Voskhod 11A57.
  • Cosmos 237 Nation: USSR. Mass: 6,300 kg (13,800 lb). Class: Surveillance. Type: Military. Spacecraft: Zenit-4. Agency: MOM. Perigee: 200 km (120 mi). Apogee: 320 km (190 mi). Inclination: 65.40 deg. Period: 89.70 min. COSPAR: 1968-071A. USAF Sat Cat: 3348. Duration: 8.00 days. Decay Date: 1968-09-04. High resolution photo reconnaissance satellite; returned film capsule References: 2, 6.
1968 August 28 - 10:00 GMT - Launch Site: Baikonur. Launch Complex: LC31. Launch Pad: -. Launch Vehicle: Soyuz. Model: Soyuz 11A511.
  • Cosmos 238 Nation: USSR. Program: Soyuz. Payload: Soyuz 7K-OK s/n 9. Mass: 6,520 kg (14,370 lb). Class: Manned. Type: Spacecraft. Spacecraft: Soyuz 7K-OK. Agency: MOM. Perigee: 203 km (126 mi). Apogee: 210 km (130 mi). Inclination: 51.70 deg. Period: 88.60 min. COSPAR: 1968-072A. USAF Sat Cat: 3351. Duration: 3.96 days. Decay Date: 1968-09-01. Recovered September 1, 1968 9:03 GMT. Final test of redesigned Soyuz 7K-OK spacecraft for Soyuz 3 manned mission. References: 2, 6.
1968 August 29 - Launch Site: ETR Launch Area. Launch Complex: -. Launch Pad: -. Launch Vehicle: Polaris. Model: Polaris A3. LV Configuration: Polaris A3TE.
  • Operational test Nation: USA. Agency: USN. Apogee: 1,000 km (600 mi). References: 2.
1968 August 29 - Launch Site: ETR Launch Area. Launch Complex: -. Launch Pad: -. Launch Vehicle: Polaris. Model: Polaris A3. LV Configuration: Polaris A3TE.
  • Improved Operational test Nation: USA. Agency: USN. Apogee: 1,000 km (600 mi). References: 2.
1968 August 29 - 05:38 GMT - Launch Site: Thumba. Launch Complex: -. Launch Pad: -. Launch Vehicle: Apache. Model: Nike Apache. LV Configuration: Nike Apache NASA 14.191.
  • ISRO 20.06 Ionosphere mission Nation: USA. Agency: NASA. Apogee: 170 km (100 mi). References: 2.
1968 August 29 - 08:45 GMT - Launch Site: Thumba. Launch Complex: -. Launch Pad: -. Launch Vehicle: Apache. Model: Nike Apache. LV Configuration: Nike Apache NASA 14.192.
  • ISRO 20.07 Ionosphere mission Nation: USA. Agency: NASA. Apogee: 170 km (100 mi). References: 2.
1968 August 29 - 17:30 GMT - Launch Site: Thumba. Launch Complex: -. Launch Pad: -. Launch Vehicle: Apache. Model: Nike Apache. LV Configuration: Nike Apache NASA 14.193.
  • ISRO 20.08 Ionosphere mission Nation: USA. Agency: NASA. Apogee: 168 km (104 mi). References: 2.
1968 August 29 - 19:43 GMT - Launch Site: Woomera. Launch Complex: LA2. Launch Pad: LA2 SL. Launch Vehicle: Skylark. Model: Skylark 3 AC. LV Configuration: Skylark 3 AC SL501.
  • UK SL501 Ionosphere / solar x-rays mission Nation: Australia. Agency: WRE/RAE. Apogee: 210 km (130 mi). References: 2.
1968 September 1 - 18:00 GMT - Launch Site: Vandenberg. Launch Complex: LF21. Launch Pad: -. Launch Vehicle: Minuteman 2. LV Configuration: Minuteman 2 1442.
  • ST (Partial fuel) Nation: USA. Agency: USAF AFSC. Apogee: 10 km (6 mi). References: 2.
1968 September 4 -
  • Von Braun performed a full-pressure suit test in the Neutral Buoyancy Tank. Nation: USA. Spacecraft: Orbital Workshop. MSFC Director Wernher von Braun performed a full-pressure suit test in the Saturn I Workshop immersed in the Neutral Buoyancy Tank. He reported that the upgraded seals used in the aft dome penetration sealing study were 'very good,' but recommended additional handholds and tether points.
1968 September 4 - 01:04 GMT - Launch Site: Eglin. Launch Complex: -. Launch Pad: -. Launch Vehicle: Nike. Model: Nike Iroquois. LV Configuration: Nike Iroquois CRL A07.913-1.
  • Sphere Aeronomy mission Nation: USA. Agency: USAF. Apogee: 227 km (141 mi). References: 2.
1968 September 4 - 01:29 GMT - Launch Site: Eglin. Launch Complex: -. Launch Pad: -. Launch Vehicle: Nike. Model: Nike Iroquois. LV Configuration: Nike Iroquois CRL A07.913-2.
  • Sphere Aeronomy mission Nation: USA. Agency: USAF. Apogee: 232 km (144 mi). References: 2.
1968 September 4 - 14:50 GMT - Launch Site: White Sands. Launch Complex: LC35. Launch Pad: -. Launch Vehicle: Aerobee. Model: Aerobee 150. LV Configuration: Aerobee 150 NASA 04.130UA.
  • Structure Aeronomy mission Nation: USA. Agency: NASA. Apogee: 124 km (77 mi). References: 2.
1968 September 5 - 07:00 GMT - Launch Site: Baikonur. Launch Complex: LC1. Launch Pad: LC1 or LC31. Launch Vehicle: Soyuz. Model: Voskhod 11A57.
  • Cosmos 239 Nation: USSR. Mass: 6,300 kg (13,800 lb). Class: Surveillance. Type: Military. Spacecraft: Zenit-4. Agency: MOM. Perigee: 201 km (124 mi). Apogee: 274 km (170 mi). Inclination: 51.80 deg. Period: 89.20 min. COSPAR: 1968-073A. USAF Sat Cat: 3353. Duration: 8.00 days. Decay Date: 1968-09-13. High resolution photo reconnaissance satellite; returned film capsule References: 2, 6.
1968 September 10 -
  • L1 preparations. Nation: USSR. Program: Lunar L1, Lunar L3. 23 VVS staff fly to the cosmodrome aboard an An-24 for the impending L1 launch. The State Commission will meet there on 13 September to consider the L1 preparations, and on 17 September, L3 preparations. References: 376.
1968 September 10 - Launch Site: ETR Launch Area. Launch Complex: -. Launch Pad: -. Launch Vehicle: Polaris. Model: Polaris A2E. LV Configuration: Polaris A2E A2E.
  • Operational test Nation: USA. Agency: USN. Apogee: 1,000 km (600 mi). References: 2.
1968 September 10 - 18:30 GMT - Launch Site: Vandenberg. Launch Complex: SLC4W. Launch Pad: -. Launch Vehicle: Titan. Model: Titan 3B. LV Configuration: Titan IIIB 3B-18.
  • OPS 5247 Nation: USA. Payload: KH-8 no. 16 / Agena D. Mass: 3,000 kg (6,600 lb). Class: Surveillance. Type: Military. Spacecraft: KH-8. Agency: NRO/USAF. Perigee: 125 km (77 mi). Apogee: 404 km (251 mi). Inclination: 106.10 deg. Period: 89.80 min. COSPAR: 1968-074A. USAF Sat Cat: 3375. Decay Date: 1968-09-25. KH-8 type satellite. Space craft engaged in investigation of spaceflight techniques and technology (US Cat A). References: 2, 6.
1968 September 11 -
  • L1 review. Nation: USSR. Program: Lunar L1. L1 documentation is reviewed at Areas 82 and 17. Kamanin and the cosmonauts play tennis in the evening. References: 376.
1968 September 11 - Launch Site: Baikonur. Launch Complex: PU33. Launch Pad: -. Launch Vehicle: Tsiklon. Model: R-36 8K67P.
  • RGCh state trials flight Nation: USSR. Agency: RVSN. Apogee: 1,000 km (600 mi). References: 2.
1968 September 12 - 1968 September 12 -
  • L1 Training. Nation: USSR. Program: Lunar L1. Spacecraft: Soyuz 7K-L1. The cosmonauts have been well trained on the L1 spacecraft at TsKBEM, but not on the real thing at the test area at Baikonur. Mishin is opposed to their doing this training at the cosmodrome. References: 376.
1968 September 13 -
  • L1 recovery plans Nation: USSR. Program: Lunar L1. Spacecraft: Soyuz 7K-L1. 200 aircraft and helicopters are ready for the L1 launch, as well as eight ships in the Indian Ocean. The latter are spaced at 300 km intervals in an area 2500 km long x 400 km wide along the re-entry trajectory. There are Ka-25 helicopters aboard only three of the ships. For manned flights, a minimum of nine ships, all equipped with helicopters, plus a long range Tu-95 search aircraft will be required. But this has been recommended 20 times by Kamanin, and rejected 20 times by the Ministry of Defence. Later the L1 State Commission meets in the new three-story building at Area 81. Launch is set for 15 September at 00:42:10.6, which will mean a night landing at 19:00 on 21 September. The capsule has no visual lights or beacons, which will make it very hard to locate. But Mishin is adamant he cannot change the landing time. References: 376.
1968 September 13 - 16:58 GMT - Launch Site: Kapustin Yar. Launch Complex: V-2. Launch Pad: -. Launch Vehicle: MR-12.
  • Aeronomy mission Nation: USSR. Agency: AN SSSR. Apogee: 155 km (96 mi). References: 2.
1968 September 13 - 18:19 GMT - Launch Site: Smith Ranch Lake DZ. Launch Complex: -. Launch Pad: 39.3 N x 117.5 W. Launch Vehicle: X-15. LV Configuration: X-15 1-80-140.
  • X-15A WTR/HS/SB/FAB/FP Test/Technology/Aeronomy mission Nation: USA. Agency: NASA/USAF. Apogee: 77 km (47 mi). Maximum Speed - 5990 kph. Maximum Altitude - 77450 m. References: 2.
1968 September 14 - 06:50 GMT - Launch Site: Baikonur. Launch Complex: LC31. Launch Pad: -. Launch Vehicle: Soyuz. Model: Voskhod 11A57.
  • Cosmos 240 Nation: USSR. Payload: Zenit-2 11F61 s/n 66. Mass: 4,720 kg (10,400 lb). Class: Surveillance. Type: Military. Spacecraft: Zenit-2. Agency: MOM. Perigee: 203 km (126 mi). Apogee: 283 km (175 mi). Inclination: 51.80 deg. Period: 89.30 min. COSPAR: 1968-075A. USAF Sat Cat: 3388. Duration: 7.00 days. Decay Date: 1968-09-21. Area survey photo reconnaissance satellite. References: 2, 6,93.
1968 September 14 - 21:42 GMT - Launch Site: Baikonur. Launch Complex: LC81/23. Launch Pad: -. Launch Vehicle: Proton. Model: Proton-K/D. LV Configuration: Proton-K/D 234-01.
  • Zond 5 Nation: USSR. Program: Lunar L1. Payload: Soyuz 7K-L1 s/n 9L. Mass: 5,390 kg (11,880 lb). Class: Manned. Type: Spacecraft. Spacecraft: Soyuz 7K-L1 . Agency: MOM. Perigee: 200 km (120 mi). Apogee: 385,000 km (239,000 mi). Inclination: 51.50 deg. Period: 14,722.06 min. COSPAR: 1968-076A. USAF Sat Cat: 3394. Duration: 5.76 days. Decay Date: 1968-09-21. First successful circumlunar flight with recovery. Test flight of manned spacecraft; launched from an earth parking orbit to make a lunar flyby and return to earth. On September 18, 1968, the spacecraft flew around the moon at an altitude of 1950 km. High quality photographs of the earth were taken at a distance of 90,000 km. A biological payload of turtles, wine flies, meal worms, plants, seeds, bacteria, and other living matter was included in the flight. Before re-entry the gyroscopic platform went off line due to ground operator failure. However this time the self destruct command was not given. After a ballistic 20G re-entry the capsule splashed down in the Indian Ocean at 32:63 S, 65:55 E on September 21, 1968 16:08 GMT. Soviet naval vessels were 100 km from the landing location and recovered the spacecraft the next day, shipping it via Bombay back to Soviet Union. Additional Details: Zond 5. References: 2, 6, 67, 274, 296, 376.
1968 September 16 - Launch Vehicle: Saturn V.
  • Changes in the Apollo Program Specification Nation: USA. Program: Apollo. Apollo Program Director Samuel C. Phillips formally notified ASPO Manager George M. Low at MSC and Saturn V Program Manager Lee B. James at MSFC of changes in the Apollo Program Specification. As agreed on during the MSF Management Council meeting on August 6, the Apollo payload interface was set at 46,040 kilograms (with a flight geometry reserve of 137 kilometers per hour). Also, the present spacecraft loading philosophy allowed a total spacecraft weight of 46,266 kilograms for lunar missions having less than maximum flight geometry requirements. Additional Details: Changes in the Apollo Program Specification. References: 16.
1968 September 16 -
  • Zond 5 midcourse aborted Nation: USSR. Program: Lunar L1. Spacecraft: Soyuz 7K-L1. The first Zond 5 midcourse correction was aborted. The star tracker failed, and the spacecraft wouldn't orient itself properly. Later the reasons for Beregovoi's mistakes in the Soyuz 3 docking are discussed. Kamanin blames them on inadequate simulators. References: 376.
1968 September 16 - Launch Site: Thumba. Launch Complex: -. Launch Pad: -. Launch Vehicle: RH. Model: RH-75.
  • Accelerometer test Nation: India. Agency: ISRO. Apogee: 9.00 km (5.50 mi). References: 2.
1968 September 16 - 12:30 GMT - Launch Site: Plesetsk. Launch Complex: -. Launch Pad: -. Launch Vehicle: Soyuz. Model: Voskhod 11A57.
  • Cosmos 241 Nation: USSR. Mass: 6,300 kg (13,800 lb). Class: Surveillance. Type: Military. Spacecraft: Zenit-4. Agency: MOM. Perigee: 198 km (123 mi). Apogee: 326 km (202 mi). Inclination: 65.40 deg. Period: 89.70 min. COSPAR: 1968-077A. USAF Sat Cat: 3398. Duration: 8.00 days. Decay Date: 1968-09-24. High resolution photo reconnaissance satellite; returned film capsule References: 2, 6.
1968 September 16 - 16:50 GMT - Launch Site: White Sands. Launch Complex: -. Launch Pad: -. Launch Vehicle: Aerobee. Model: Aerobee 170. LV Configuration: Aerobee 170 CRL AT3.170.
  • Dummy Sustainer test Nation: USA. Agency: USAF. Apogee: 12 km (7 mi). References: 2.
1968 September 16 - 17:12 GMT - Launch Site: Wallops Island. Launch Complex: -. Launch Pad: -. Launch Vehicle: Cajun. Model: Nike Cajun. LV Configuration: Nike Cajun NASA 10.269GM.
  • Aeronomy mission Nation: USA. Agency: NASA. Apogee: 118 km (73 mi). References: 2.
1968 September 17 -
  • Zond 5 midcourse using earth sensor Nation: USSR. Program: Lunar L1. Spacecraft: Soyuz 7K-L1. It is decided to orient Zond 5 using the earth sensor. This is not as accurate as the star tracker, but it is good enough to ensure the spacecraft can be put on a course that will take it back to earth. However it is not accurate enough to allow a a lifting re-entry with a double skip manoeuvre and landing in the Soviet Union. It means the spacecraft must follow a high-G ballistic re-entry and land in the Indian Ocean. Afanasyev is personally supervising the midcourse orientation and engine burn. References: 376.
1968 September 17 - 07:10 GMT - Launch Site: Tanegashima. Launch Complex: T. Launch Pad: -. Launch Vehicle: S. Model: SA-II. LV Configuration: SA-II SA-II A9.
  • Test mission Nation: Japan. Agency: STA. Apogee: 20 km (12 mi). References: 2.
1968 September 18 - 21:32 GMT - Launch Site: Vandenberg. Launch Complex: SLC1E. Launch Pad: -. Launch Vehicle: Delta. Model: Thorad SLV-2G Agena D. LV Configuration: Thorad SLV-2G Agena D 524 / Agena D 1647.
  • KH-4A 1048 Nation: USA. Payload: KH-4A s/n 1048 / Agena D 1647. Mass: 2,000 kg (4,400 lb). Class: Surveillance. Type: Military. Spacecraft: KH-4A. Agency: NRO/CIA. Perigee: 167 km (103 mi). Apogee: 393 km (244 mi). Inclination: 83.00 deg. Period: 90.10 min. COSPAR: 1968-078A. USAF Sat Cat: 3408. Decay Date: 1968-10-08. KH-4A. Film in the forward camera separated and camera failed on mission 1048-2, also the stellar/index camera unit failed. References: 2, 6.
  • SRV 749 Nation: USA. Payload: SRV 1048-1. Mass: 60 kg (132 lb). Spacecraft: KH-4A. Agency: NRO/USAF. Perigee: 500 km (310 mi). Apogee: 514 km (319 mi). Inclination: 83.20 deg. Period: 94.80 min. COSPAR: 1968-078B. USAF Sat Cat: 3409. Decay Date: 1969-09-28. Radar monitoring. References: 2, 6, 172.
  • OPS 8595 Nation: USA. Payload: EHH B13. Class: Sigint. Spacecraft: SSF. Agency: USAF. COSPAR: 1968-078xx. USAF Sat Cat: 3409. Decay Date: 1969-09-28. References: 2, 279.
1968 September 19 - Launch Vehicle: N1.
  • Bulldozer delays N1 launch by two months Nation: USSR. Program: Lunar L1, Lunar L3. Spacecraft: Soyuz 7K-L1. The Zond 5 situation remains the same. The star trackers quit working, and the use of the back-up systems has not been completely successful. However the spacecraft is on course for a ballistic re-entry. At Area 112 Afanasyev heads the State Commission for the N1-L3 first launch. There are problems with the launch complex. The main electrical cable to the launch complex was accidentally bulldozed. The back-up cables were buried only 30 cm from the main line and both were destroyed. The cables were poorly marked. It will take 50 days to repair the damage. This will delay first launch until the second half of November 1968, and the second launch to February 1969. Most likely the first launch cannot take place until next year. References: 376.
1968 September 19 - 00:09 GMT - Launch Site: Cape Canaveral. Launch Complex: LC17A. Launch Pad: -. Launch Vehicle: Delta. Model: Thor Delta M. LV Configuration: Thor Delta M 529/D59. FAILURE: Control system failure; destroyed by range safety. 1968 September 19 - 01:58 GMT - Launch Site: Tanegashima. Launch Complex: T. Launch Pad: -. Launch Vehicle: Lambda. Model: LS-C. LV Configuration: LS-C-D.
  • Test mission Nation: Japan. Agency: STA. Apogee: 100 km (60 mi). References: 2.
1968 September 20 -
  • Kamanin hold a cosmonaut meeting. Nation: USSR. Program: Lunar L1. Spacecraft: Soyuz 7K-L1. Tereshkova is having political problems. Titov is to go to Mexico, although he still is making errors of judgement which make it questionable whether he can be trusted on foreign tours. Beregovoi is to complete his cosmonaut examinations on 27 September, and then will be certified for flight. References: 376.
1968 September 20 - 14:39 GMT - Launch Site: Plesetsk. Launch Complex: LC133/1. Launch Pad: -. Launch Vehicle: Kosmos 2. Model: Kosmos 11K63.
  • Cosmos 242 Nation: USSR. Program: DS. Payload: DS-P1-I s/n 4. Mass: 325 kg (716 lb). Class: Military. Type: Target. Spacecraft: DS-P1-I. Agency: MO SSSR. Perigee: 272 km (169 mi). Apogee: 406 km (252 mi). Inclination: 71.00 deg. Period: 91.30 min. COSPAR: 1968-079A. USAF Sat Cat: 3414. Completed Operations Date: 1968-11-13. Decay Date: 1968-11-13. Operational radar target for the ABM forces. References: 2, 6, 99.
1968 September 20 - 16:30 GMT - Launch Site: Kapustin Yar. Launch Complex: V-2. Launch Pad: -. Launch Vehicle: MR-12.
  • Aeronomy mission Nation: USSR. Agency: AN SSSR. Apogee: 155 km (96 mi). References: 2.
1968 September 20 - 19:31 GMT - Launch Site: Andoya. Launch Complex: -. Launch Pad: -. Launch Vehicle: Tomahawk Sandia. Model: Nike Tomahawk. LV Configuration: Nike Tomahawk NASA 18.75GE.
  • B field Plasma mission Nation: USA. Agency: NASA. Apogee: 321 km (199 mi). References: 2.
1968 September 20 - 19:32 GMT - Launch Site: Andoya. Launch Complex: -. Launch Pad: -. Launch Vehicle: Tomahawk Sandia. Model: Nike Tomahawk. LV Configuration: Nike Tomahawk NASA 18.58IE.
  • Ferdinand 18 Plasma mission Nation: USA. Agency: NASA. Apogee: 239 km (148 mi). References: 2.
1968 September 21 -
  • Soyuz parachute failure Nation: USSR. Program: Lunar L1, Soyuz. Spacecraft: Soyuz 7K-L1, Soyuz 7K-OK. At the Fedosiya test range a Soyuz parachute test failed when the parachute hatch wouldn't jettison. This was due to an incorrectly inserted safing pin - it was not a spacecraft problem. So the Soyuz was still cleared for manned flight. Aboard Zond 5, the star tracker has completely failed. So the spacecraft will have to make a ballistic re-entry with splashdown in the Indian Ocean planned at 31 deg 58' S, 65 deg 21' E. References: 376.
1968 September 21 - 03:45 GMT - Launch Site: White Sands. Launch Complex: LC35. Launch Pad: -. Launch Vehicle: Aerobee. Model: Aerobee 150. LV Configuration: Aerobee 150 NASA 04.174UG.
  • Ultraviolet astronomy mission Nation: USA. Agency: NASA. Apogee: 173 km (107 mi). References: 2.
1968 September 21 - 19:36 GMT - Launch Site: Andoya. Launch Complex: -. Launch Pad: -. Launch Vehicle: Tomahawk Sandia. Model: Nike Tomahawk. LV Configuration: Nike Tomahawk NASA 18.76GE.
  • B field Plasma mission Nation: USA. Agency: NASA. Apogee: 321 km (199 mi). References: 2.
1968 September 22 -
  • Zond 5 sucessfully recovered Nation: USSR. Program: Lunar L1. Spacecraft: Soyuz 7K-L1. At 17:00 communications with Zond 5 are lost as it re-enters over the South Pole. It has to re-enter at an angle of 5 to 6 degrees to the horizontal. One degree too high, and it will skip off the atmosphere and be lost into space; one degree too low and the G-forces will increase from 10-16 to 30-40 - which are not only enough to kill the crew, but to destroy the spacecraft. The safe entry corridor is only 13 km across and it has to be hit at 11 km/sec. - like hitting a kopek with a rifle at 600 m range. The re-entry schedule:
    • 18:37 jettison PAO service module
    • 18:53 re-entry begins
    • 18:54 nominal time of reaching trajectory's perigee of 33 km
    • 18:56 parachute should deploy at 7 km altitude
    • 19:08 splashdown
    Only three minutes after landing the capsule is located 105 km from one of the recovery ships. It is picked up after a few hours in the water. References: 376.
1968 September 22 - 15:30 GMT - Launch Site: White Sands. Launch Complex: LC35. Launch Pad: -. Launch Vehicle: Aerobee. Model: Aerobee 150. LV Configuration: Aerobee 150 NASA 04.246DS.
  • Solar ultraviolet mission Nation: USA. Agency: NASA. Apogee: 189 km (117 mi). References: 2.
1968 September 23 -
  • L1 lunar crew selections Nation: USSR. Program: Lunar L1, Soyuz. Spacecraft: Soyuz 7K-L1, Soyuz 7K-OK. Meeting of VVS, Mishin, and other designers at Fedosiya to review trials of the improved Soyuz parachute system. The Soyuz is cleared for manned flights. Mishin tells Leonov he will not support him in his bid to make the first lunar flight. Kamanin tells Leonov that of the three crews - Leonov-Voronov, Bykovsky-Rukavishnikov, Popovich-Makarov - the Bykovsky crew is favoured. References: 376.
1968 September 23 - 07:39 GMT - Launch Site: Baikonur. Launch Complex: LC1. Launch Pad: -. Launch Vehicle: Soyuz. Model: Voskhod 11A57.
  • Cosmos 243 Nation: USSR. Mass: 6,000 kg (13,200 lb). Class: Surveillance. Type: Military. Spacecraft: Zenit-2M. Agency: MOM. Perigee: 213 km (132 mi). Apogee: 293 km (182 mi). Inclination: 71.30 deg. Period: 89.50 min. COSPAR: 1968-080A. USAF Sat Cat: 3418. Duration: 9.00 days. Decay Date: 1968-10-04. Area survey photo reconnaissance satellite; returned film capsule; deployed passive microwave radio telescope capsule. References: 2, 6.
  • Nauka Nation: USSR. Payload: Nauka. Spacecraft: Nauka. Agency: MOM. Perigee: 199 km (123 mi). Apogee: 274 km (170 mi). Inclination: 71.30 deg. Period: 89.23 min. COSPAR: 1968-080C. USAF Sat Cat: 3452. Decay Date: 1968-10-12. References: 2, 279.
1968 September 23 - 19:29 GMT - Launch Site: Andoya. Launch Complex: -. Launch Pad: -. Launch Vehicle: Tomahawk Sandia. Model: Nike Tomahawk. LV Configuration: Nike Tomahawk NASA 18.77GE.
  • B field Plasma mission Nation: USA. Agency: NASA. Apogee: 321 km (199 mi). References: 2.
1968 September 24 -
  • HL-10 Flight 10 Nation: USA. Program: NASA Lifting Body. Payload: HL-10 flight 10. Class: Manned. Type: Spaceplane. Spacecraft: HL-10. Crew: Gentry. XLR-11 engine installed. Maximum Speed - 722 kph. Maximum Altitude - 13720 m. Flight Time - 245 sec. References: 49, 97.
1968 September 24 - 16:30 GMT - Launch Site: White Sands. Launch Complex: LC35. Launch Pad: -. Launch Vehicle: Aerobee. Model: Aerobee 150. LV Configuration: Aerobee 150 NASA 04.185US.
  • HCO Spectrometer Solar ultraviolet mission Nation: USA. Agency: NASA. Apogee: 180 km (110 mi). References: 2.
1968 September 25 -
  • Apollo LM ascent engine to use Rocketdyne injector Nation: USA. Program: Apollo. Spacecraft: Apollo LM. Flight: Apollo 9. The LM ascent engine to be flown in LM-3 and subsequent missions would incorporate the Rocketdyne injector, Apollo Program Director Phillips informed ASPO Manager Low. The engine would be assembled and delivered by Rocketdyne under subcontract to Grumman. Additional Details: Apollo LM ascent engine to use Rocketdyne injector. References: 16.
1968 September 25 - Launch Site: Vandenberg. Launch Complex: 576A3. Launch Pad: -. Launch Vehicle: Atlas. Model: Atlas F/Trident. LV Configuration: Atlas F/Trident 99F.
  • RMP-B-9 re-entry vehicle test flight Nation: USA. Agency: USAF AFSC. Apogee: 1,400 km (800 mi). References: 2.
1968 September 25 - 22:02 GMT - Launch Site: Kapustin Yar. Launch Complex: V-2. Launch Pad: -. Launch Vehicle: MR-12.
  • Aeronomy mission Nation: USSR. Agency: AN SSSR. Apogee: 180 km (110 mi). References: 2.
1968 September 26 - Launch Site: ETR Launch Area. Launch Complex: -. Launch Pad: -. Launch Vehicle: Polaris. Model: Polaris A2E. LV Configuration: Polaris A2E A2E.
  • Operational test Nation: USA. Agency: USN. Apogee: 1,000 km (600 mi). References: 2.
1968 September 26 - Launch Site: Kourou. Launch Complex: ALFS. Launch Pad: -. Launch Vehicle: Stromboli. Model: Eridan. LV Configuration: Eridan E002. FAILURE: Failure.
  • FU-181 test Nation: France. Agency: CNES. Apogee: 0 km ( mi). References: 2.
1968 September 26 - 07:37 GMT - Launch Site: Cape Canaveral. Launch Complex: LC41. Launch Pad: -. Launch Vehicle: Titan. Model: Titan 3C. LV Configuration: Titan IIIC 3C-5.
  • OV2-05 Nation: USA. Mass: 204 kg (449 lb). Class: Earth. Type: Magnetosphere. Spacecraft: OV2. Agency: USAF. Perigee: 35,113 km (21,818 mi). Apogee: 35,745 km (22,210 mi). Inclination: 12.30 deg. Period: 1,417.90 min. COSPAR: 1968-081A. USAF Sat Cat: 3428. Completed Operations Date: 1968-09-01. Environmental research. Space craft engaged in investigation of spaceflight techniques and technology (US Cat A). As of 22 August 2001 located at 128.37 deg E drifting at 4.618 deg E per day. As of 2007 Feb 27 located at 91.48E drifting at 4.631E degrees per day. References: 2, 6.
  • OV5-02 Nation: USA. Payload: ERS 28. Mass: 10 kg (22 lb). Class: Earth. Type: Magnetosphere. Spacecraft: OV5. Agency: USAF. Perigee: 184 km (114 mi). Apogee: 35,786 km (22,236 mi). Inclination: 26.40 deg. Period: 630.80 min. COSPAR: 1968-081B. USAF Sat Cat: 3429. Decay Date: 1971-02-15. Particle radiation data. Space craft engaged in investigation of spaceflight techniques and technology (US Cat A). References: 2, 6.
  • OV5-04 Nation: USA. Payload: ERS 21. Mass: 13 kg (28 lb). Class: Earth. Type: Magnetosphere. Spacecraft: OV5. Agency: USAF. Perigee: 35,775 km (22,229 mi). Apogee: 35,786 km (22,236 mi). Inclination: 3.00 deg. Period: 1,435.80 min. COSPAR: 1968-081C. USAF Sat Cat: 3430. Completed Operations Date: 1968-09-01. Examined heat transfer in liquids in zero-g. Space craft engaged in investigation of spaceflight techniques and technology (US Cat A). Last known longitude (19 July 1995) 138.85 deg E drifting at 0.103 deg W per day. References: 2, 6.
  • LES 6 Nation: USA. Mass: 163 kg (359 lb). Class: Technology. Type: Comsat. Spacecraft: LES. Agency: USAF. Perigee: 35,776 km (22,230 mi). Apogee: 35,839 km (22,269 mi). Inclination: 12.80 deg. Period: 1,437.20 min. COSPAR: 1968-081D. USAF Sat Cat: 3431. Completed Operations Date: 1976-01-01. Experimental commsat. Space craft engaged in investigation of spaceflight techniques and technology (US Cat A). Positioned in geosynchronous orbit over the Atlantic Ocean at 38 deg W in 1968-1975 As of 26 August 2001 located at 61.90 deg W drifting at 0.101 deg E per day. As of 2007 Mar 9 located at 73.59W drifting at 0.201E degrees per day. References: 2, 6.
1968 September 27 -
  • Cosmonauts on tour. Nation: USSR. Program: Soyuz. Titov is in Mexico, Leonov is serving on the sculpture commission for Gagarin and space monuments. Beregovoi confides to a film crew that the members of the original cosmonaut group are opposed to his making a spaceflight. References: 376.
1968 September 27 - Launch Site: Vandenberg. Launch Complex: 576A1. Launch Pad: -. Launch Vehicle: Atlas. Model: Atlas F. LV Configuration: Atlas F 84F.
  • RVTO-1A-3 re-entry vehicle test flight Nation: USA. Agency: USAF AFSC. Apogee: 1,400 km (800 mi). References: 2.
1968 Week Ending September 27 -
  • Apollo descent-stage tank blew up during qualification test Nation: USA. Program: Apollo. Spacecraft: Apollo LM. The Allison descent-stage propellant tank, being redesigned at Airite Division of Sargent Industries to a "lidless" configuration, blew up during qualification test at Airite. The crew noticed loss of pressure and therefore tightened fittings and repressurized. As the pressure went up, the tank blew into several pieces. Grumman dispatched a team to Airite to determine the cause and the necessary corrective action. References: 16.
1968 September 28 - 1968 September 28 -
  • Cosmonaut exams are held for Beregovoi, Shatalov, and Volynov. Nation: USSR. Program: Soyuz, Lunar L1. Spacecraft: Soyuz 7K-OK, Soyuz 7K-L1. Flight: Soyuz 3, Soyuz 4, Soyuz 5, Soyuz 7K-L1 mission 1, Soyuz 7K-L1 mission 2, Soyuz 7K-L1 mission 3. The results will establish the order in which they will fly as Soyuz commanders. A 25-person board, consisting of spacecraft designers and cosmonauts, conduct the oral examinations. Each cosmonaut must answer five mandatory essay questions and select two two-part questions. All three are certified for flight and have a complete mastery of the Soyuz systems.

    Mishin and Kamanin meet and decide on L1 crews: Leonov-Makarov (with Kuklin as back-up); Bykovsky-Rukavishnikov (Klimuk back-up); and Popovich-Sevastyanov (Voloshin back-up). But that evening Leonov has yet another automobile accident. He hit a bus with his Volga at kilometre 24 near Shchelkovsky. This was his second accident in four months. Kamanin decides to prohibit him from driving automobiles for six months. References: 376.

1968 September 30 -
  • Launch preparation for Apollo 7 and 8 Nation: USA. Program: Apollo. Flight: Apollo 7, Apollo 8. NASA Associate Administrator for Manned Space Flight George E. Mueller summarized for his superiors launch preparation for the near-term missions Apollo 7 and Apollo 8. Additional Details: Launch preparation for Apollo 7 and 8. References: 16.
1968 September 30 - Launch Site: Ile du Levant. Launch Complex: -. Launch Pad: -. Launch Vehicle: Jericho.
  • Nation: Israel. Agency: Dassault. Apogee: 100 km (60 mi). Final test launch of Jericho/MD.620 from France. Full French military embargo of Israel took effect in January 1969 after an Israeli raid on Beirut in December 1968. References: 2.
1968 September 30 - 19:30 GMT - Launch Site: White Sands. Launch Complex: LC35. Launch Pad: -. Launch Vehicle: Aerobee. Model: Aerobee 150 MI. LV Configuration: Aerobee 150 MI-20 NASA 04.231GS.
  • GSFC extreme ultraviolet Spec Solar extreme ultraviolet mission Nation: USA. Agency: NASA. Apogee: 203 km (126 mi). References: 2.
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