Chronology - Quarter 4 1968 home
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1968 October 1 -
  • L1 and Soyuz plans Nation: USSR. Program: Soyuz, Lunar L1. Spacecraft: Soyuz 7K-OK, Soyuz 7K-L1. Flight: Soyuz 7K-L1 mission 1, Soyuz 3, Soyuz 4, Soyuz 5, Soyuz 4/5. The L1 cosmonauts are doing training in autonomous navigation, zero-G training, and TBK-60 simulator training. Due to the continuing L1 failures, there would probably be no manned L1 flight until April-May 1969. As for Soyuz, a 0+1 (docking of one unmanned spacecraft and a manned spacecraft with a single cosmonaut aboard) is planned for 25 October, to be followed by a 1+3 mission with a crew transfer by December at the earliest - possibly not until February-March of the following year. Kamanin reassured Beregovoi that he will indeed fly following his excellent exam results -- but Beregovoi still has doubts. Later Kamanin confronts Leonov over his driving. Leonov has had three auto accidents in four months - simply too much. If he is such a bad driver on earth, how will be in space? Kamanin tells him to take two to three days off work and seriously consider his attitude and position. Next there are commissions to attend in charge of selecting monument designs for Gagarin memorials. There are to be obelisks at the Gagarin crash site, at the Vostok 1 landing site, and in Star City. These commissions are taking up a lot of the cosmonauts' time. Kuznetsov meets with Kamanin and tells him that cosmonauts Belyayev and Nikolayev rated Beregovoi poorly in the exam, giving him only a 5 and citing errors in his logic. References: 376.
1968 October 1 - Launch Site: Johnston Island. Launch Complex: -. Launch Pad: -. Launch Vehicle: Tomahawk Sandia. Model: Terrier Tomahawk. FAILURE: Failure.
  • Aeronomy mission Nation: USA. Agency: Sandia. Apogee: 0 km ( mi). References: 2.
1968 October 1 - 18:52 GMT - Launch Site: White Sands. Launch Complex: LC35. Launch Pad: -. Launch Vehicle: Aerobee. Model: Aerobee 150. LV Configuration: Aerobee 150 NASA 04.241UA.
  • Ultraviolet Dayglow Aeronomy mission Nation: USA. Agency: NASA. Apogee: 174 km (108 mi). References: 2.
1968 October 1 - 21:44 GMT - Launch Site: Andoya. Launch Complex: -. Launch Pad: -. Launch Vehicle: Tomahawk Sandia. Model: Nike Tomahawk. LV Configuration: Nike Tomahawk NASA 18.59IE.
  • Ferdinand 19 Plasma mission Nation: USA. Agency: NASA. Apogee: 228 km (141 mi). References: 2.
1968 October 2 - 02:17 GMT - Launch Site: Kapustin Yar. Launch Complex: V-2. Launch Pad: -. Launch Vehicle: MR-12.
  • Aeronomy mission Nation: USSR. Agency: AN SSSR. Apogee: 174 km (108 mi). References: 2.
1968 October 2 - 13:35 GMT - Launch Site: Baikonur. Launch Complex: LC161/35. Launch Pad: -. Launch Vehicle: Tsiklon. Model: R-36-O. LV Configuration: R-36O 8K69 V22501 No. 10T.
  • Cosmos 244 Nation: USSR. Mass: 1,700 kg (3,700 lb). Class: Military. Type: FOBS. Spacecraft: OGCh. Agency: RVSN. Perigee: 140 km (80 mi). Apogee: 158 km (98 mi). Inclination: 49.60 deg. Period: 87.40 min. COSPAR: 1968-082A. USAF Sat Cat: 3449. Decay Date: 1968-10-02. Fractional Orbital Bombardment System test. References: 2, 6.
1968 October 3 -
  • HL-10 Flight 11 Nation: USA. Program: NASA Lifting Body. Payload: HL-10 flight 11. Class: Manned. Type: Spaceplane. Spacecraft: HL-10. Crew: Manke. Maximum Speed - 758 kph. Maximum Altitude - 13720 m. Flight Time - 243 sec. References: 49, 97.
1968 October 3 -
  • Apollo 7 flight readiness review Nation: USA. Program: Apollo. Flight: Apollo 7. Senior management from NASA Hq. and the three manned Centers conducted the Apollo 7 flight readiness review at KSC. Crew, space vehicle, and all supporting elements were ready for flight. Countdown-to-launch sequence had started on October 6, and flight preparations were on schedule for launch readiness at 11:00 a.m. EDT on October 11. References: 16.
1968 October 3 -
  • Zond 5 arrives in Bombay Nation: USSR. Program: Lunar L1. Spacecraft: Soyuz 7K-L1. The vessel Vasiliy Golovnin docks at Bombay with the L1 capsule. References: 376.
1968 October 3 - 12:58 GMT - Launch Site: Plesetsk. Launch Complex: LC133/1. Launch Pad: -. Launch Vehicle: Kosmos 2. Model: Kosmos 11K63.
  • Cosmos 245 Nation: USSR. Program: DS. Payload: DS-P1-Yu s/n 16. Mass: 325 kg (716 lb). Class: Military. Type: Target. Spacecraft: DS-P1-Yu. Agency: MO SSSR. Perigee: 284 km (176 mi). Apogee: 473 km (293 mi). Inclination: 71.00 deg. Period: 92.10 min. COSPAR: 1968-083A. USAF Sat Cat: 3457. Completed Operations Date: 1969-01-16. Decay Date: 1969-01-15. Development of systems for air defence and the control of outer space. References: 2, 6, 99.
1968 October 3 - 20:49 GMT - Launch Site: Vandenberg. Launch Complex: SLC5. Launch Pad: -. Launch Vehicle: Scout. Model: Scout B. LV Configuration: Scout B S167C.
  • ESRO 1A Nation: Europe. Payload: Aurorae. Mass: 81 kg (178 lb). Class: Technology. Spacecraft: ESRO. Agency: ESRO. Perigee: 258 km (160 mi). Apogee: 1,538 km (955 mi). Inclination: 93.80 deg. Period: 103.00 min. COSPAR: 1968-084A. USAF Sat Cat: 3459. Decay Date: 1970-06-26. Aurora, polar ionosphere investigations. References: 2, 6.
1968 October 4 -
  • Zond 5 arrives in Moscow Nation: USSR. Program: Lunar L1. Spacecraft: Soyuz 7K-L1. The L1 capsule is flown by An-12 from Bombay to Moscow. References: 376.
1968 October 4 - Launch Site: Baikonur. Launch Complex: PU33. Launch Pad: -. Launch Vehicle: Tsiklon. Model: R-36 8K67P.
  • RGCh state trials flight Nation: USSR. Agency: RVSN. Apogee: 1,000 km (600 mi). References: 2.
1968 October 5 -
  • Soyuz 4/5 zero-G training Nation: USSR. Program: Soyuz. Spacecraft: Soyuz 7K-OK. Flight: Soyuz 4, Soyuz 5, Soyuz 4/5. Shonin, Khrunov, and Yeliseyev are in zero-G training aboard the Tu-104 aircraft. The cabin is outfitted with two partial Soyuz mock-ups. In space their EVA between two spacecraft is expected to take one hour and forty minutes, but they can only experience 20 to 25 seconds of weightlessness at a time in the aircraft. The 18 staff aboard the Tu-104 have parachutes in case of a serious problem with the aircraft, but it would take 32 seconds for all of them to jump from the three hatches on the aircraft. Meanwhile the pilot cosmonauts are only flying 50 to 60 hours per year, instead of the 150 to 200 hours that Kamanin had requested. References: 376.
1968 October 5 - 00:32 GMT - Launch Site: Baikonur. Launch Complex: LC1. Launch Pad: LC1 or LC31. Launch Vehicle: Soyuz. Model: Molniya 8K78M.
  • Molniya 1-10 Nation: USSR. Program: Molniya. Payload: Molniya-1. Mass: 1,600 kg (3,500 lb). Class: Communications. Spacecraft: Molniya-1. Agency: MOM. Perigee: 498 km (309 mi). Apogee: 39,596 km (24,603 mi). Inclination: 64.90 deg. Period: 712.50 min. COSPAR: 1968-085A. USAF Sat Cat: 3469. Decay Date: 1976-07-16. Operation of a system of long range telephone-telegraph radiocommunication, and transmission of USSR Central Television programmes to the stations of the Orbita network. References: 2, 6, 64.
1968 October 5 - 11:16 GMT - Launch Site: Vandenberg. Launch Complex: SLC1W. Launch Pad: -. Launch Vehicle: Delta. Model: Thorad SLV-2G Agena D. LV Configuration: Thorad SLV-2G Agena D 521 / Agena D 2734.
  • OPS 0964 Nation: USA. Payload: Ferret 13 / Agena D 2734. Mass: 1,500 kg (3,300 lb). Class: Sigint. Spacecraft: Ferret. Agency: NRO/USAF. Perigee: 483 km (300 mi). Apogee: 511 km (317 mi). Inclination: 75.00 deg. Period: 94.60 min. COSPAR: 1968-086A. USAF Sat Cat: 3472. Decay Date: 1971-03-26. References: 2, 6.
1968 October 7 - Launch Vehicle: Saturn V.
  • Apollo 8 CSM installed atop the Saturn V Nation: USA. Program: Apollo. Spacecraft: Apollo CSM. Flight: Apollo 8. In preparation for the flight of Apollo 8, NASA and industry technicians at KSC placed CSM 103 atop the Saturn V launch vehicle. The launch escape system was installed the following day; and on October 9 the complete AS-503 space vehicle was rolled out of the Vehicle Assembly Building and moved to the launch pad, where launch preparations were resumed. References: 16.
1968 October 7 -
  • Soviets consider Apollo 8 has no chance of success Nation: USSR. Program: Apollo, Lunar L1. Flight: Apollo 8. Tyulin is still complaining that the VVS never signed the L1 design specification. But the crews are ready for flight. The flight of Apollo 8 to the moon is announced. Kamanin considers this an adventure with no chance of success. After all, there have been only two Saturn V launches, the last one a partial failure. The US has never flown a crew to escape velocity or lunar distance. The whole thing is a risky, unsafe adventure. References: 376.
1968 October 7 - 12:05 GMT - Launch Site: Plesetsk. Launch Complex: -. Launch Pad: -. Launch Vehicle: Soyuz. Model: Voskhod 11A57.
  • Cosmos 246 Nation: USSR. Mass: 6,300 kg (13,800 lb). Class: Surveillance. Type: Military. Spacecraft: Zenit-4. Agency: MOM. Perigee: 149 km (92 mi). Apogee: 321 km (199 mi). Inclination: 65.40 deg. Period: 89.20 min. COSPAR: 1968-087A. USAF Sat Cat: 3473. Duration: 5.00 days. Decay Date: 1968-10-12. High resolution photo reconnaissance satellite; returned film capsule References: 2, 6.
1968 October 7 - 21:39 GMT - Launch Site: Salto di Quirra. Launch Complex: -. Launch Pad: -. Launch Vehicle: Skylark. Model: Skylark 3. LV Configuration: Skylark 3 ESRO S47/1.
  • Ultraviolet telescope Ultraviolet astronomy mission Nation: Europe. Agency: ESRO. Apogee: 208 km (129 mi). References: 2.
1968 October 8 - Launch Site: Biscarosse. Launch Complex: BLB. Launch Pad: -. Launch Vehicle: SSBS. Model: SSBS S01.
  • S01C-1 test Nation: France. Agency: DMA. Apogee: 500 km (310 mi). References: 2.
1968 October 8 - 02:26 GMT - Launch Site: Kapustin Yar. Launch Complex: V-2. Launch Pad: -. Launch Vehicle: MR-12.
  • Aeronomy mission Nation: USSR. Agency: AN SSSR. Apogee: 125 km (77 mi). References: 2.
1968 October 8 - 05:07 GMT - Launch Site: Resolute Bay. Launch Complex: -. Launch Pad: -. Launch Vehicle: Black Brant. Model: Black Brant 3. LV Configuration: Black Brant III AKF-3-40.
  • X-ray astronomy / ionosphere mission Nation: Canada. Agency: NRCC. Apogee: 153 km (95 mi). References: 2.
1968 October 8 - 11:42 GMT - Launch Site: Kiruna. Launch Complex: C. Launch Pad: -. Launch Vehicle: Belier. Model: Centaure 2B. LV Configuration: Centaure 2B CE-48.
  • ESRO C35 / 1 X-ray astronomy mission Nation: Europe. Agency: ESRO. Apogee: 140 km (80 mi). References: 2.
1968 October 9 - Launch Vehicle: Saturn I. Model: Saturn IB.
  • All changes to Apollo 7 as a result of Apollo 1 fire completed Nation: USA. Program: Apollo. Spacecraft: Apollo CSM. Flight: Apollo 7. NASA Apollo Mission Director William C. Schneider reported completion of all action items pertinent to Apollo 7 assigned by Apollo Program Director Samuel C. Phillips as a result of recommendations by the Apollo Crew Safety Review Board on May 27, 1968. Additional Details: All changes to Apollo 7 as a result of Apollo 1 fire completed. References: 16.
1968 October 9 -
  • Soyuz 3 preparations. Nation: USSR. Program: Soyuz. Spacecraft: Soyuz 7K-OK. Flight: Soyuz 3. Kamanin is at Tyuratam. There is a Soyuz review - the preparation of the spacecraft is on schedule. Mishin is 'sick' (drunk) again and does not attend. Beregovoi weighs in at 80.4 kg and his opponents are using this against him, saying he is too fat for the mission. He had been up to 86 kg, but had already lost weight on Kamanin's recommendation. References: 376.
1968 October 9 - 03:20 GMT - Launch Site: Resolute Bay. Launch Complex: -. Launch Pad: -. Launch Vehicle: Black Brant. Model: Black Brant 3. LV Configuration: Black Brant III AKF-3-39.
  • Ionosphere / chemical release / solar x-ray mission Nation: Canada. Agency: NRCC. Apogee: 120 km (70 mi). References: 2.
1968 October 9 - 03:32 GMT - Launch Site: Kapustin Yar. Launch Complex: V-2. Launch Pad: -. Launch Vehicle: MR-12.
  • Aeronomy mission Nation: USSR. Agency: AN SSSR. Apogee: 130 km (80 mi). References: 2.
1968 October 9 - 04:58 GMT - Launch Site: Woomera. Launch Complex: LA2. Launch Pad: LA2 SL. Launch Vehicle: Skylark. Model: Skylark 1. LV Configuration: Skylark 1 SL791R.
  • UK SL791R test Nation: Australia. Agency: WRE/RAE. Apogee: 106 km (65 mi). References: 2.
1968 October 9 - 08:06 GMT - Launch Site: Kheysa. Launch Complex: -. Launch Pad: -. Launch Vehicle: MR-12.
  • Aeronomy mission Nation: USSR. Agency: AN SSSR. Apogee: 173 km (107 mi). References: 2.
1968 October 10 - 10:30 GMT - Launch Site: White Sands. Launch Complex: LC35. Launch Pad: -. Launch Vehicle: Aerobee. Model: Aerobee 150. LV Configuration: Aerobee 150 NASA 04.265DG.
  • Ultraviolet astronomy mission Nation: USA. Agency: NASA. Apogee: 175 km (108 mi). References: 2.
1968 October 11 -
  • Soyuz 3 preparations. Nation: USSR. Program: Soyuz. Spacecraft: Soyuz 7K-OK. Flight: Soyuz 3. At Area 31 one of the Soyuz has thermoregulation system problems and is in repair - it can't be used for flight training. Kamanin notes that Apollo 7 has been launched - the Americans are back in space after almost two years and on the schedule announced a month ago. References: 376.
1968 October 11 - 12:05 GMT - Launch Site: Plesetsk. Launch Complex: LC41/1. Launch Pad: -. Launch Vehicle: Soyuz. Model: Voskhod 11A57.
  • Cosmos 247 Nation: USSR. Payload: Zenit-2 11F61 s/n 65. Mass: 4,720 kg (10,400 lb). Class: Surveillance. Type: Military. Spacecraft: Zenit-2. Agency: MOM. Perigee: 199 km (123 mi). Apogee: 345 km (214 mi). Inclination: 65.40 deg. Period: 89.90 min. COSPAR: 1968-088A. USAF Sat Cat: 3484. Duration: 8.00 days. Decay Date: 1968-10-19. Area survey photo reconnaissance satellite. References: 2, 6,93.
1968 October 11 - 15:02 GMT - Launch Site: Cape Canaveral. Launch Complex: LC34. Launch Pad: -. Launch Vehicle: Saturn I. Model: Saturn IB. LV Configuration: Saturn IB SA-205.
  • Apollo 7 Nation: USA. Program: Apollo. Payload: Apollo CSM 101 / S-IVB-205. Mass: 14,674 kg (32,350 lb). Class: Manned. Type: Lunar spacecraft. Spacecraft: Apollo CSM. Location of Spacecraft: Frontiers of Flight Museum, Dallas Love Field, Dallas, Texas. Agency: NASA MSC. Perigee: 229 km (142 mi). Apogee: 306 km (190 mi). Inclination: 31.60 deg. Period: 89.90 min. COSPAR: 1968-089A. USAF Sat Cat: 3486. Duration: 10.84 days. Decay Date: 1968-10-22. Crew: Cunningham, Eisele, Schirra. Flight: Apollo 7. Apollo 7 (AS-205), the first manned Apollo flight, lifted off from Launch Complex 34 at Cape Kennedy Oct. 11, carrying Walter M. Schirra, Jr., Donn F. Eisele, and R. Walter Cunningham. The countdown had proceeded smoothly, with only a slight delay because of additional time required to chill the hydrogen system in the S-IVB stage of the Saturn launch vehicle. Liftoff came at 11:03 a.m. EDT. Shortly after insertion into orbit, the S-IVB stage separated from the CSM, and Schirra and his crew performed a simulated docking with the S-IVB stage, maneuvering to within 1.2 meters of the rocket. Although spacecraft separation was normal, the crew reported that one adapter panel had not fully deployed. Two burns using the reaction control system separated the spacecraft and launch stage and set the stage for an orbital rendezvous maneuver, which the crew made on the second day of the flight, using the service propulsion engine.

    Crew and spacecraft performed well throughout the mission. During eight burns of the service propulsion system during the flight, the engine functioned normally. October 14, third day of the mission, witnessed the first live television broadcast from a manned American spacecraft. References: 2, 6, 16, 26, 27, 33,60.

1968 October 14 -
  • Soyuz S drawings released Nation: USSR. Spacecraft: Soyuz 7K-S, Soyuz OB-VI. Design materials for the 11F732 7K-S spacecraft were issued. In 1969 complete drawings were released for the OIS project including those for the spacecraft 7K-S, 7K-S-I, and 7K-S-II.
1968 October 15 -
  • Soyuz 3 review. Nation: USSR. Program: Soyuz. Spacecraft: Soyuz 7K-OK. Flight: Soyuz 3. Soyuz 3 has 18 deficiencies remaining of a total of 55 originally identified. 11 have been cleared, the balance will not affect the flight or reduce redundancy in emergencies. It is decided that Beregovoi and his back-ups will not stay at the traditional cosmonaut cottage at Area 2 but rather at the Hotel Kosmonavt at Area 17. References: 376.
1968 October 15 - Launch Site: Ile du Levant. Launch Complex: -. Launch Pad: -. Launch Vehicle: Berenice. Model: Tacite. LV Configuration: Tacite 004.
  • Sun pointing test / solar mission Nation: France. Agency: CNES. Apogee: 140 km (80 mi). References: 2.
1968 October 15 - 01:00 GMT - Launch Site: Point Barrow. Launch Complex: -. Launch Pad: -. Launch Vehicle: Cajun. Model: Nike Cajun. LV Configuration: Nike Cajun NASA 10.287GM.
  • Grenades Aeronomy mission Nation: USA. Agency: NASA. Apogee: 129 km (80 mi). References: 2.
1968 October 15 - 03:00 GMT - Launch Site: Point Barrow. Launch Complex: -. Launch Pad: -. Launch Vehicle: Cajun. Model: Nike Cajun. LV Configuration: Nike Cajun NASA 10.288GM.
  • Grenades Aeronomy mission Nation: USA. Agency: NASA. Apogee: 179 km (111 mi). References: 2.
1968 October 15 - 16:32 GMT - Launch Site: Kiruna. Launch Complex: C. Launch Pad: -. Launch Vehicle: Belier. Model: Centaure 2B. LV Configuration: Centaure 2B CE-39.
  • ESRO C45 / 1 Aeronomy mission Nation: Europe. Agency: ESRO. Apogee: 160 km (90 mi). References: 2.
1968 October 15 - 22:12 GMT - Launch Site: Fort Churchill. Launch Complex: -. Launch Pad: -. Launch Vehicle: Cajun. Model: Nike Cajun. LV Configuration: Nike Cajun NASA 10.251GM.
  • Grenades Aeronomy mission Nation: USA. Agency: NASA. Apogee: 127 km (78 mi). References: 2.
1968 October 16 - Launch Vehicle: Saturn I, Saturn V.
  • Saturn IB program placed in a standby status Nation: USA. Program: Apollo. Flight: Apollo 8. Apollo Program Director Samuel C. Phillips ordered that the Saturn IB program be placed in a standby status pending any future requirements for Apollo or the Apollo Applications program. Phillips' action signaled the shift in Apollo to the Saturn V vehicle, effective with AS-503. References: 16.
1968 October 16 - 00:11 GMT - Launch Site: Wallops Island. Launch Complex: -. Launch Pad: -. Launch Vehicle: Tomahawk Sandia. Model: Nike Tomahawk. LV Configuration: Nike Tomahawk NASA 18.69UA.
  • Composition Aeronomy mission Nation: USA. Agency: NASA. Apogee: 340 km (210 mi). References: 2.
1968 October 16 - 00:12 GMT - Launch Site: Fort Churchill. Launch Complex: -. Launch Pad: -. Launch Vehicle: Cajun. Model: Nike Cajun. LV Configuration: Nike Cajun NASA 10.252GM.
  • Grenades Aeronomy mission Nation: USA. Agency: NASA. Apogee: 123 km (76 mi). References: 2.
1968 October 16 - 08:02 GMT - Launch Site: Kapustin Yar. Launch Complex: V-2. Launch Pad: -. Launch Vehicle: MR-12.
  • Aeronomy mission Nation: USSR. Agency: AN SSSR. Apogee: 171 km (106 mi). References: 2.
1968 October 16 - 23:15 GMT - Launch Site: White Sands. Launch Complex: LC35. Launch Pad: -. Launch Vehicle: Aerobee. Model: Aerobee 150. LV Configuration: Aerobee 150 NASA 04.248CS.
  • Solar mission Nation: USA. Agency: NASA. Apogee: 155 km (96 mi). References: 2.
1968 October 17 -
  • Loss of attitude control caused Apollo LLRV Crash Nation: USA. Program: Apollo. Spacecraft: Apollo LLRV. Two NASA investigation boards had reported that loss of attitude control caused the May 6 accident that destroyed lunar landing research vehicle No. 1, NASA announced. Helium in propellant tanks had been depleted earlier than normal, dropping pressure needed to force hydrogen peroxide propellant to the attitude-control lift rockets and thrusters. Additional Details: Loss of attitude control caused Apollo LLRV Crash. References: 16.
1968 October 17 - 21:30 GMT - Launch Site: White Sands. Launch Complex: LC33. Launch Pad: -. Launch Vehicle: Nike. Model: Nike Hydac. LV Configuration: Nike Hydac 9.5-68-4-604.
  • Aeronomy mission Nation: USA. Agency: USAF. Apogee: 150 km (90 mi). References: 2.
1968 October 18 -
  • Birthdays at the cosmodrome. Nation: USSR. Flight: Soyuz 3. It is Kamanin's 60th birthday, and Beregovoi is 47. Many birthday greetings received. In the evening, at a gala dinner, Mishin makes a very warm speech honouring Kamanin and presents him with a model of the Soyuz spacecraft. References: 376.
1968 October 19 -
  • Sunday at the cosmodrome. Nation: USSR. Flight: Soyuz 3. Nikolayev wants to take Kamanin duck hunting. References: 376.
1968 October 19 - 04:20 GMT - Launch Site: Baikonur. Launch Complex: LC90/19. Launch Pad: -. Launch Vehicle: Tsiklon. Model: Tsiklon-2A.
  • Cosmos 248 Nation: USSR. Mass: 1,400 kg (3,000 lb). Class: Military. Type: ASAT Target. Spacecraft: IS-P. Agency: PKO. Perigee: 475 km (295 mi). Apogee: 543 km (337 mi). Inclination: 62.30 deg. Period: 94.80 min. COSPAR: 1968-090A. USAF Sat Cat: 3503. Decay Date: 1980-02-26. ASAT target. Intercepted repeatedly by Cosmos 249 on 20 October; destroyed by Cosmos 252 on 1 November. References: 2, 6, 272.
1968 October 20 -
  • Soyuz 2/3 QA coordination issues. Nation: USSR. Program: Soyuz. Spacecraft: Soyuz 7K-OK. Flight: Soyuz 3. Coordination problems between the ministries in preparation of the Soyuz spacecraft. VVS and MAP have managers assigned for quality control of each system, while MOM (Afanasyev) counterpart staff are disorganised. Yet again conflicts have to be appealed to 'Cardinal' Ustinov. References: 376.
1968 October 20 - 04:02 GMT - Launch Site: Baikonur. Launch Complex: LC90/20. Launch Pad: -. Launch Vehicle: Tsiklon. Model: Tsiklon-2A.
  • Cosmos 249 Nation: USSR. Mass: 1,400 kg (3,000 lb). Class: Military. Type: ASAT. Spacecraft: IS-A. Agency: PKO. Perigee: 498 km (309 mi). Apogee: 2,075 km (1,289 mi). Inclination: 62.30 deg. Period: 111.30 min. COSPAR: 1968-091A. USAF Sat Cat: 3504. Decay Date: 1968-10-20. ASAT interceptor. Intercepted Cosmos 248 target on second orbit. Repeatedly approached Cosmos 248, verifying primary and reserve homing and guidance systems. Destroyed itself in test of on-board destruct system. Counted as a failure by Western observers because that target was not destroyed; but this was not an objective of the test. Left 109 fragments in orbit, of which 54 were still in orbit in 1996. References: 2, 6, 272.
1968 October 21 - 1968 October 21 - Launch Site: ETR Launch Area. Launch Complex: -. Launch Pad: -. Launch Vehicle: Polaris. Model: Polaris A2E. LV Configuration: Polaris A2E A2E.
  • Operational test Nation: USA. Agency: USN. Apogee: 1,000 km (600 mi). References: 2.
1968 October 21 - Launch Site: ETR Launch Area. Launch Complex: -. Launch Pad: -. Launch Vehicle: Polaris. Model: Polaris A2E. LV Configuration: Polaris A2E A2E.
  • Operational test Nation: USA. Agency: USN. Apogee: 1,000 km (600 mi). References: 2.
1968 October 21 - Launch Site: ETR Launch Area. Launch Complex: -. Launch Pad: -. Launch Vehicle: Polaris. Model: Polaris A2E. LV Configuration: Polaris A2E A2E.
  • Operational test Nation: USA. Agency: USN. Apogee: 1,000 km (600 mi). References: 2.
1968 October 21 - Launch Site: ETR Launch Area. Launch Complex: -. Launch Pad: -. Launch Vehicle: Polaris. Model: Polaris A2E. LV Configuration: Polaris A2E A2E.
  • Operational test Nation: USA. Agency: USN. Apogee: 1,000 km (600 mi). References: 2.
1968 October 21 - Launch Site: ETR Launch Area. Launch Complex: -. Launch Pad: -. Launch Vehicle: Polaris. Model: Polaris A2E. LV Configuration: Polaris A2E A2E.
  • Operational test Nation: USA. Agency: USN. Apogee: 1,000 km (600 mi). References: 2.
1968 October 22 -
  • Soyuz 2/3 State Commission. Nation: USSR. Program: Soyuz. Flight: Soyuz 3. Soyuz 2/3 State Commission. All the 'grey eminences' are there - Keldysh, Barmin, Glushko, Kirillov, etc. There are a huge number of physicians - 22 from the VVS, 100 from Minzdrav - all to check the single cosmonaut. References: 376.
1968 October 22 - 08:03 GMT - Launch Site: Kapustin Yar. Launch Complex: V-2. Launch Pad: -. Launch Vehicle: MR-12.
  • Ion composition Aeronomy mission Nation: USSR. Agency: AN SSSR. Apogee: 168 km (104 mi). References: 2.
1968 October 22 - 10:02 GMT - Launch Site: Kapustin Yar. Launch Complex: V-2. Launch Pad: -. Launch Vehicle: MR-12.
  • Aeronomy mission Nation: USSR. Agency: AN SSSR. Apogee: 164 km (101 mi). References: 2.
1968 October 22 - 14:50 GMT - Launch Site: White Sands. Launch Complex: -. Launch Pad: -. Launch Vehicle: Nike. Model: Nike Hydac. LV Configuration: Nike Hydac 9.5-68-5-604.
  • Aeronomy mission Nation: USA. Agency: USAF. Apogee: 150 km (90 mi). References: 2.
1968 October 22 -
  • Landing of Apollo 7 Nation: USA. Program: Apollo. Flight: Apollo 7. The SPS engine was used to deorbit after 259 hours 39 minutes of flight. CM-SM separation and operation of the earth landing system were normal, and the spacecraft splashed down about 13 kilometers from the recovery ship (27.32 N 64.04 W), the U.S.S. Essex at 11:11 GMT. Although the vehicle initially settled in an apex-down ("stable 2") attitude, upright bags functioned normally and returned the CSM to an upright position in the water. Schirra, Eisele, and Cunningham were quickly picked up by a recovery helicopter and were safe aboard the recovery vessel less than an hour after splashdown.

    All primary Apollo 7 mission objectives were met, as well as every detailed test objective (and three test objectives not originally planned). Engineering firsts from Apollo 7, aside from live television from space, included drinking water for the crew produced as a by-product of the fuel cells. Piloting and navigation accomplishments included an optical rendezvous, daylight platform realignment, and orbital determination via sextant tracking of another vehicle. All spacecraft systems performed satisfactorily. Minor anomalies were countered by backup systems or changes in procedures. With successful completion of the Apollo 7 mission, which proved out the design of the Block II CSM (CSM 101), NASA and the nation had taken the first step on the pathway to the moon.

    Although the systems worked, the crew became grumpy with head colds and talked back to the ground. As a result, NASA management determined that none of them would fly again. Apollo 7 landed at 07:12 GMT.

1968 October 23 -
  • HL-10 Flight 12 Nation: USA. Program: NASA Lifting Body. Payload: HL-10 flight 12. Class: Manned. Type: Spaceplane. Spacecraft: HL-10. Crew: Gentry. First powered flight. Premature shutdown. Maximum Speed - 722 kph. Maximum Altitude - 12100 m. Flight Time - 189 sec. References: 49, 97.
1968 October 23 -
  • Two failures of Apollo LM propellant tanks fail during testing Nation: USA. Program: Apollo. Spacecraft: Apollo LM. Flight: Apollo 13. LeRoy E. Day, Apollo Test Director, NASA Hq., informed Apollo Program Director Samuel C. Phillips of two failures of LM propellant tanks during testing, a problem that might have significant program impact on LMs 6 and 7 and subsequent vehicles. Additional Details: Two failures of Apollo LM propellant tanks fail during testing. References: 16.
1968 October 23 -
  • Soyuz 2/3 State Commission. Nation: USSR. Program: Soyuz. Flight: Soyuz 3. State Commission meets again and finds all is ready. Word is received that the Central Committee is opposed to Volynov as back-up. References: 376.
1968 October 23 - 04:34 GMT - Launch Site: Vandenberg. Launch Complex: SLC10W. Launch Pad: -. Launch Vehicle: Delta. Model: Thor Burner 2. LV Configuration: Thor Burner 2 173.
  • DMSP-Block-4A F12 Nation: USA. Program: DMSP. Payload: DAPP 6422 (FTV-7). Mass: 130 kg (280 lb). Class: Earth. Type: Weather. Spacecraft: DMSP Block 4A. Agency: USAF. Perigee: 783 km (486 mi). Apogee: 828 km (514 mi). Inclination: 98.70 deg. Period: 101.00 min. COSPAR: 1968-092A. USAF Sat Cat: 3510. Defense Meteorological Satellite Program. References: 2, 6.
1968 October 24 - Launch Vehicle: Saturn V.
  • Retesting Saturn V following a lightning strike Nation: USA. Program: Apollo. Flight: Apollo 8. Howard D. Burns, Chief of the Saturn V Test Management Office at MSFC, sent to Apollo launch operations officials at KSC a list of requirements for retesting the Saturn V following a lightning strike on the vehicle while on the pad. Additional Details: Retesting Saturn V following a lightning strike. References: 16.
1968 October 24 -
  • Molniya-2 satellite authorised. Nation: USSR. Spacecraft: Molniya-2. Central Committee of the Communist Party and Council of Soviet Ministers Decree 'On establishment of the Kristall communications system based on Molniya-2 satellites' was issued. Kristall would be used for strategic communications. References: 474.
1968 October 24 - Launch Vehicle: N1.
  • N1 - lost opportunity in 1961 Nation: USSR. Program: Lunar L3. Spacecraft: LK, Soyuz 7K-LOK. Flight: Soyuz 3. Glushko has a private conversation with Isayev at the N1 MIK during the Soyuz 3 launch preparations. Glushko revealed to Isayev that in 1961 he had offered Korolev a compromise - if Korolev would use the same 'packet' scheme for the N1 that he had used on the R-7, so that the individual engine modules could be individually tested on the ground before flight, Glushko would give up his insistence on the use of storable propellants. However, after checking with Mishin, Korolev would not compromise. Additional Details: N1 - lost opportunity in 1961. References: 367.
1968 October 24 -
  • Soyuz 2 roll-out. Nation: USSR. Program: Soyuz. Flight: Soyuz 3. Kamanin visits the Korolev and Gagarin cottages. He finds them in bad condition, in need of repair. They should be restored as they were in 1961 and be made into museums. At 16:00 the rocket is rolled out to Area 31. 500 are present at the State Commission meeting. References: 376.
1968 October 24 - Launch Site: Cape Canaveral. Launch Complex: LC32B. Launch Pad: -. Launch Vehicle: Minuteman 3. LV Configuration: Minuteman 3 FTM-202.
  • Research and development launch Nation: USA. Agency: USAF AFSC. Apogee: 1,300 km (800 mi). References: 2.
1968 October 24 - 17:00 GMT - Launch Site: Vandenberg. Launch Complex: LF04. Launch Pad: -. Launch Vehicle: Minuteman 2. LV Configuration: Minuteman 2 FTM-2191.
  • GIANT FIST 2A demonstration and shakedown operations launch Nation: USA. Agency: SAC 1STRAD. Apogee: 1,300 km (800 mi). References: 2.
1968 October 24 - 17:02 GMT - Launch Site: Smith Ranch Lake DZ. Launch Complex: -. Launch Pad: 39.3 N x 117.5 W. Launch Vehicle: X-15. LV Configuration: X-15 1-81-141.
  • X-15A WTR/HS/FAB/FP Test/Technology/Aeronomy mission Nation: USA. Agency: NASA/USAF. Apogee: 77 km (47 mi). Last flight. Maximum Speed - 5979 kph. Maximum Altitude - 77720 m. References: 2.
1968 October 24 - 20:50 GMT - Launch Site: Kiruna. Launch Complex: -. Launch Pad: -. Launch Vehicle: Arcas. Model: Boosted Arcas 2. LV Configuration: Boosted Arcas 2 NASA 15.43II.
  • RTG SA1 / 1-K68 Ionosphere / aurora mission Nation: USA. Agency: NASA/RTG. Apogee: 104 km (64 mi). References: 2.
1968 October 25 - 09:00 GMT - Launch Site: Baikonur. Launch Complex: LC1. Launch Pad: -. Launch Vehicle: Soyuz. Model: Soyuz 11A511.
  • Soyuz 2 Nation: USSR. Program: Soyuz. Payload: Soyuz 7K-OK s/n 11. Mass: 6,450 kg (14,210 lb). Class: Manned. Type: Spacecraft. Spacecraft: Soyuz 7K-OK. Agency: MOM. Perigee: 191 km (118 mi). Apogee: 229 km (142 mi). Inclination: 51.70 deg. Period: 88.60 min. COSPAR: 1968-093A. USAF Sat Cat: 3511. Duration: 2.95 days. Decay Date: 1968-10-28. Flight: Soyuz 3. Unmanned docking target for Soyuz 3. Soyuz 2 launched on time at 12:00 local time, in 0 deg C temperatures and 5 m/s winds. Launch was on time 'as in Korolev's time', notes Kamanin. Docking with Soyuz 3 a failure. Recovered October 28, 1968 7:51 GMT, 5 km from its aim point. Maneuver Summary: 177km X 196km orbit to 184km X 230km orbit. Delta V: 12 m/s.
    Officially: Complex testing of spaceship systems in conditions of space flight. References: 2, 6, 376.
1968 October 25 - 10:04 GMT - Launch Site: Kapustin Yar. Launch Complex: V-2. Launch Pad: -. Launch Vehicle: MR-12.
  • Aeronomy mission Nation: USSR. Agency: AN SSSR. Apogee: 130 km (80 mi). References: 2.
1968 October 26 - 08:34 GMT - Launch Site: Baikonur. Launch Complex: LC31. Launch Pad: -. Launch Vehicle: Soyuz. Model: Soyuz 11A511.
  • Soyuz 3 Nation: USSR. Program: Soyuz. Payload: Soyuz 7K-OK s/n 10. Mass: 6,575 kg (14,495 lb). Class: Manned. Type: Spacecraft. Spacecraft: Soyuz 7K-OK. Agency: MOM. Perigee: 183 km (113 mi). Apogee: 205 km (127 mi). Inclination: 51.70 deg. Period: 88.30 min. COSPAR: 1968-094A. USAF Sat Cat: 3516. Duration: 3.95 days. Decay Date: 1968-10-30. Crew: Beregovoi. Flight: Soyuz 3. Second manned Soyuz flight. Rendezvoused with the unmanned Soyuz 2 but failed to dock. Complex testing of spaceship systems; development, in joint flight with space ship Soyuz 2 of processes of space ship manoeuvring and docking in artificial earth satellite orbit; development of elements of celestial navigation; conduct of research under space flight conditions. The failed docking was blamed on manual control of the Soyuz by Beregovoi, who repeatedly put the spacecraft in an orientation that nulled the automatic docking system. Beregovoi used nearly all of his orientation fuel in his first attempt to dock - of 80 kg allocated, only 8 to 10 kg was remaining. Additional Details: Soyuz 3. References: 2, 6, 32, 33, 60, 367, 376.
1968 October 26 - 09:11 GMT - Launch Site: White Sands. Launch Complex: LC35. Launch Pad: -. Launch Vehicle: Aerobee. Model: Aerobee 170. LV Configuration: Aerobee 170 NASA 12.13GT-UG.
  • KP3.23 Ultraviolet astronomy / test Nation: USA. Agency: NASA/KPNO. Apogee: 245 km (152 mi). References: 2.
1968 October 27 -
  • Kamanin talks to Beregovoi on the 14th orbit of Soyuz 3. Nation: USSR. Program: Soyuz. Spacecraft: Soyuz 7K-OK. Flight: Soyuz 3. He can't understand why Beregovoi couldn't dock. Beregovoi seems garbled. The cabin atmosphere is all right. He is ordered to orient the spacecraft to the sun - which he accomplishes readily with minimum propellant expenditure. The Soyuz 2 45K star sensor is not functioning - 'as usual' notes Kamanin. References: 376.
1968 October 27 - 10:03 GMT - Launch Site: Kapustin Yar. Launch Complex: V-2. Launch Pad: -. Launch Vehicle: MR-12.
  • Aeronomy mission Nation: USSR. Apogee: 168 km (104 mi). References: 2.
1968 October 28 -
  • Star City named. Nation: USSR. Moscow Oblast Executive Committee Decree 'On renaming of Zeleniy as Zvezdniy gorodok' was issued. References: 474.
1968 October 28 -
  • Soyuz 2 lands 45 km from its aim point. Nation: USSR. Program: Soyuz. Spacecraft: Soyuz 7K-OK. Flight: Soyuz 3. Meanwhile Beregovoi was instructed to conduct experiments with the 45K stellar sensor on Soyuz 3. He would quickly disengage the 45K, then orient the spacecraft to the sun. He would then reengage the sensor and the automatic orientation system. This did two complete turns of the spacecraft searching for the star, but not acquiring it. To Kamanin this shows the uselessness of the system, and the wastage of propellant it causes. References: 376.
1968 October 28 - Launch Site: Baikonur. Launch Complex: LC142/34. Launch Pad: -. Launch Vehicle: Tsiklon. Model: R-36 8K67. FAILURE: Failure.
  • Operational missile test Nation: USSR. Agency: RVSN. Apogee: 0 km ( mi). References: 2.
1968 October 29 - 11:32 GMT - Launch Site: Johnston Island. Launch Complex: UL6. Launch Pad: -. Launch Vehicle: Sandhawk. Model: Terrier Sandhawk. LV Configuration: Terrier Sandhawk Sandia 281-10.
  • LRL ACS-3 X-ray astronomy mission Nation: USA. Agency: Sandia. Apogee: 320 km (190 mi). References: 2.
1968 October 30 - Launch Vehicle: Shuttle.
  • Phase A Space Shuttle studies. Nation: USA. NASA began the design, bidding, and source selection process leading to a single national space shuttle. At the beginning the design was known by the same nomenclature previously used by the USAF - Integrated Launch and Re-entry Vehicle (ILRV). The development program was seen as: Phase A: Advanced Studies; Phase B: Project Definition; Phase C: Vehicle Design; and Phase D: Production and Operations. Four contractors or contractor teams were to be selected in Phase A; two contractors or teams for Phase B; and then a single contractor for Phases C and D (which were later combined). NASA Houston and Huntsville jointly issued the Request for Proposal for eight-month Phase A ILRV studies. The requirements were for 2,300 to 23,000 kg of payload to be delivered into a 500-km altitude orbit. The re-entry vehicle should have a cross range of at least 725 km (NASA persisted in this requirement even though it knew the USAF needed more). General Dynamics, Lockheed, McDonnell-Douglas, Martin Marietta, and North American Rockwell all were invited to bid.

    The Space Shuttle Main Engine competition was run in parallel with the main shuttle development project, and also had four phases. Oversight for this program came from the USAF Space Division and its subcontractor, the Aerospace Corporation. Despite promising classified work on linear and conventional aerospike engines at the time, NASA dictated that the design had to use a conventional bell nozzle. References: 44.

1968 October 30 - 08:06 GMT - Launch Site: Kheysa. Launch Complex: -. Launch Pad: -. Launch Vehicle: MR-12.
  • Aeronomy mission Nation: USSR. Agency: AN SSSR. Apogee: 171 km (106 mi). References: 2.
1968 October 30 - 08:23 GMT - Launch Site: Vandenberg. Launch Complex: LF09. Launch Pad: LF09?. Launch Vehicle: Minuteman 1. Model: Minuteman 1B. LV Configuration: Minuteman 1B 1136.
  • ST Olympic T. B-5 operational test launch Nation: USA. Agency: SAC 1STRAD. Apogee: 1,300 km (800 mi). References: 2.
1968 October 30 - 22:00 GMT - Launch Site: Plesetsk. Launch Complex: LC132/1. Launch Pad: LC132/pad?. Launch Vehicle: Kosmos 3. Model: Kosmos 11K65M.
  • Cosmos 250 Nation: USSR. Program: Tselina. Mass: 875 kg (1,929 lb). Class: Sigint. Spacecraft: Tselina-O. Agency: MO SSSR. Perigee: 522 km (324 mi). Apogee: 542 km (336 mi). Inclination: 74.00 deg. Period: 95.30 min. COSPAR: 1968-095A. USAF Sat Cat: 3526. Decay Date: 1978-02-15. Possible navigation satellite. References: 2, 6.
1968 October 30 -
  • Landing of Soyuz 3 Nation: USSR. Program: Soyuz. Spacecraft: Soyuz 7K-OK. Flight: Soyuz 3. Telemetry analysis has shown Soyuz 3 used 30 kg of propellant during 20 minutes of manoeuvring in the automatic regime during docking, followed by 40 kg consumed in two minutes of manual manoeuvring. Essentially Beregovoi was trying to dock the spacecraft upside down. This was either due to incorrect configuration of the running lights or cosmonaut error. Soyuz 2 had two continuously illuminated lights on its upper side and two blinking lights on the lower side. Evidently Beregovoi didn't identify these correctly in weightlessness.

    In case Beregovoi has to do a ballistic re-entry, Be-2 seaplanes are in the air in case of a splashdown in the Aral Sea. On his 81st revolution, Beregovoi manually oriented the spacecraft for retrofire, then engaged the vertical sensor and ion orientation system. But the spacecraft hit on ion pocket and it took two to three minutes for the automated system to engage. Retrofire started 3 seconds late, coming at 9:45:05 and continuing for 149 seconds, producing a delta V of 95 m/s. The main parachute deployed at 10:12:24 at 7000 m altitude. Beregovoi spent 13 minutes under the main parachute, descending at 4 to 5 m/s. Soyuz 3 landed 10 km from the aimpoint at 07:25 GMT. References: 376.

1968 October 31 -
  • AS-504 and AS-505 missions officially designated as Apollo 9 and Apollo 10 Nation: USA. Program: Apollo. Flight: Apollo 9, Apollo 10. NASA Apollo Program Director Samuel C. Phillips officially designated the AS-504 and AS-505 missions as Apollo 9 and Apollo 10. References: 16.
1968 October 31 -
  • Soyuz 3 post-flight debriefing Nation: USSR. Program: Soyuz, Lunar L1. Spacecraft: Soyuz 7K-OK. Flight: Soyuz 3. The post-flight debriefing of Beregovoi reveals that the automated docking sequence from 11,000 to 200 m range from the Soyuz 2 target was normal. At 200 m Beregovoi took over manual control of the spacecraft. At a range of 30 to 40 m he observed the running lights on Soyuz 2 were inverted. He stopped his approach and waited until the spacecraft moved into daylight. By that time the spacecraft were still 30 to 40 m away, but had drifted so that he was 30 degrees off-angle from Soyuz 2. It was in attempting to bring the spacecraft back on axis that he used 30 kg of propellant. He then gave up and hand-flew the spacecraft around Soyuz 2 to take photographs. On the first day of his flight he constantly felt like he was hanging upside-down. This feeling only disappeared on the last day of the flight. References: 376.
1968 October 31 - Launch Site: Baikonur. Launch Complex: LC1. Launch Pad: -. Launch Vehicle: Soyuz. Model: Voskhod 11A57.
  • Cosmos 251 Nation: USSR. Payload: Zenit-4M no. 1. Mass: 6,300 kg (13,800 lb). Class: Surveillance. Type: Military. Spacecraft: Zenit-4M. Agency: MOM. Perigee: 201 km (124 mi). Apogee: 255 km (158 mi). Inclination: 64.90 deg. Period: 89.00 min. COSPAR: 1968-096A. USAF Sat Cat: 3528. Duration: 18.00 days. Decay Date: 1968-11-18. High resolution photo reconnaissance satellite; returned film capsule; deployed radio astronony and gamma ray experiment capsule; maneuverable. References: 2, 6.
1968 October 31 - 20:56 GMT - Launch Site: Fort Churchill. Launch Complex: -. Launch Pad: -. Launch Vehicle: Black Brant. Model: Black Brant 3. LV Configuration: Black Brant III ADF-3-31.
  • PCA Ionos Aeronomy / ionosphere mission Nation: Canada. Agency: NRCC. Apogee: 140 km (80 mi). References: 2.
1968 November 1 - Launch Site: Barking Sands. Launch Complex: -. Launch Pad: -. Launch Vehicle: Strypi. Model: Strypi VI.
  • MTV-I Re-entry Vehicle test Nation: USA. Agency: Sandia. Apogee: 200 km (120 mi). References: 2.
1968 November 1 - 00:27 GMT - Launch Site: Baikonur. Launch Complex: LC90/20. Launch Pad: -. Launch Vehicle: Tsiklon. Model: Tsiklon-2A.
  • Cosmos 252 Nation: USSR. Mass: 1,400 kg (3,000 lb). Class: Military. Type: ASAT. Spacecraft: IS-A. Agency: PKO. Perigee: 535 km (332 mi). Apogee: 2,104 km (1,307 mi). Inclination: 62.30 deg. Period: 112.00 min. COSPAR: 1968-097A. USAF Sat Cat: 3530. Decay Date: 1968-11-01. ASAT interceptor. Intercepted and destroyed Cosmos 248 target satellite within one day of launch. Left 139 fragments in orbit, the largest of any ASAT test. References: 2, 6, 272.
1968 November 1 - 03:31 GMT - Launch Site: Fort Churchill. Launch Complex: -. Launch Pad: -. Launch Vehicle: Black Brant. Model: Black Brant 3. LV Configuration: Black Brant III ADF-3-33.
  • PCA Ionos Aeronomy / ionosphere / plasma mission Nation: Canada. Agency: NRCC. Apogee: 138 km (85 mi). References: 2.
1968 November 1 - 04:40 GMT - Launch Site: Kiruna. Launch Complex: C. Launch Pad: -. Launch Vehicle: Belier. Model: Centaure 2B. LV Configuration: Centaure 2B CE-50.
  • ESRO C45 / 2 Aeronomy mission Nation: Europe. Agency: ESRO. Apogee: 167 km (103 mi). References: 2.
1968 November 3 - 01:42 GMT - Launch Site: Andoya. Launch Complex: -. Launch Pad: -. Launch Vehicle: Belier. Model: Dragon 2B. LV Configuration: Dragon 2B D-254.
  • FU-182 Ions / Electric field Ionosphere mission Nation: France. Agency: CNES. Apogee: 414 km (257 mi). References: 2.
1968 November 3 - 03:19 GMT - Launch Site: Thumba. Launch Complex: -. Launch Pad: -. Launch Vehicle: Belier. Model: Centaure.
  • ISRO 35.01 X-ray astronomy mission Nation: India. Agency: ISRO. Apogee: 159 km (98 mi). References: 2.
1968 November 3 - 18:00 GMT - Launch Site: Pacific Ocean. Launch Complex: -. Launch Pad: 27.5 N x 125.0 W. Launch Vehicle: Iris. Model: Hydra-Iris. LV Configuration: Hydra-Iris BOX-15.
  • LRL BOX-15 X-ray astronomy mission Nation: USA. Agency: USN NMC. Apogee: 227 km (141 mi). References: 2.
1968 November 3 - 21:30 GMT - Launch Site: Vandenberg. Launch Complex: SLC3W. Launch Pad: -. Launch Vehicle: Delta. Model: Thorad SLV-2G Agena D. LV Configuration: Thorad SLV-2G Agena D 515 / Agena D 1646.
  • KH-4B 1105 Nation: USA. Payload: KH-4B s/n 1105 / Agena D 1646. Mass: 2,000 kg (4,400 lb). Class: Surveillance. Type: Military. Spacecraft: KH-4B. Agency: NRO/CIA. Perigee: 150 km (90 mi). Apogee: 288 km (178 mi). Inclination: 82.20 deg. Period: 88.90 min. COSPAR: 1968-098A. USAF Sat Cat: 3531. Decay Date: 1968-11-23. KH-4B. Image quality is variable and displays areas of soft focus and image smear. References: 2, 6.
1968 November 6 - 19:10 GMT - Launch Site: Vandenberg. Launch Complex: SLC4W. Launch Pad: -. Launch Vehicle: Titan. Model: Titan 3B. LV Configuration: Titan IIIB 3B-19.
  • OPS 5296 Nation: USA. Payload: KH-8 no. 17 / Agena D. Mass: 3,000 kg (6,600 lb). Class: Surveillance. Type: Military. Spacecraft: KH-8. Agency: NRO/USAF. Perigee: 130 km (80 mi). Apogee: 390 km (240 mi). Inclination: 106.00 deg. Period: 89.70 min. COSPAR: 1968-099A. USAF Sat Cat: 3532. Decay Date: 1968-11-20. KH-8 type satellite. Space craft engaged in investigation of spaceflight techniques and technology (US Cat A). References: 2, 6.
1968 November 7 - 03:05 GMT - Launch Site: Thumba. Launch Complex: -. Launch Pad: -. Launch Vehicle: Apache. Model: Nike Apache. LV Configuration: Nike Apache NASA 14.261IG.
  • ISRO 40.03 X-ray astronomy mission Nation: USA. Agency: NASA. Apogee: 150 km (90 mi). References: 2.
1968 November 7 - 06:45 GMT - Launch Site: Johnston Island. Launch Complex: UL6. Launch Pad: UL6?. Launch Vehicle: Sandhawk. Model: Terrier Sandhawk. LV Configuration: Terrier Sandhawk Sandia 281-11.
  • LRL ACS-2 X-ray astronomy mission Nation: USA. Agency: Sandia. Apogee: 320 km (190 mi). References: 2.
1968 November 7 - 18:27 GMT - Launch Site: Wallops Island. Launch Complex: -. Launch Pad: -. Launch Vehicle: Apache. Model: Nike Apache. LV Configuration: Nike Apache NASA 14.379GI.
  • Ion concentration Ionosphere mission Nation: USA. Agency: NASA. Apogee: 104 km (64 mi). References: 2.
1968 November 8 - 09:46 GMT - Launch Site: Cape Canaveral. Launch Complex: LC17B. Launch Pad: -. Launch Vehicle: Delta. Model: Thor Delta E1. LV Configuration: Thor Delta E1 479/D60.
  • Pioneer 9 Nation: USA. Program: Pioneer. Payload: Pioneer D / TTS 2. Mass: 63 kg (138 lb). Class: Solar. Spacecraft: Pioneer 6-7-8-9-E. Agency: NASA ARC. COSPAR: 1968-100A. USAF Sat Cat: 3533. Solar radiation data. Solar Orbit (Heliocentric). Spacecraft engaged in research and exploration of the upper atmosphere or outer space (US Cat B). References: 2, 6.
  • TTS 2; TATS 2 (TETR 2) Nation: USA. Payload: TETR 2. Mass: 40 kg (88 lb). Class: Technology. Type: Tracking network. Spacecraft: TTS. Agency: NASA GSF. Perigee: 375 km (233 mi). Apogee: 945 km (587 mi). Inclination: 32.90 deg. Period: 98.00 min. COSPAR: 1968-100B. USAF Sat Cat: 3534. Decay Date: 1979-09-19. Test and Training Satellite; test vehicle for NASA Manned Space Flight Network. Spacecraft engaged in practical applications and uses of space technology such as weather or communication (US Cat C). References: 2, 6.
1968 November 9 -
  • Zond 6 State Commission Nation: USSR. Program: Lunar L1. Spacecraft: Soyuz 7K-L1. Flight: Soyuz 7K-L1 mission 1. The State Commission for the flight of L1 s/n 12 meets at Tyuratam. Launch is set for 10 November. Kamanin notes that the Americans plan to fly Apollo 8 to the moon at great risk in December, but the Russians will not undertake such risk. References: 376.
1968 November 9 - Launch Site: Biscarosse. Launch Complex: BLB. Launch Pad: -. Launch Vehicle: SSBS. Model: SSBS S01.
  • S01C-2 test Nation: France. Agency: DMA. Apogee: 500 km (310 mi). References: 2.
1968 November 9 - 08:55 GMT - Launch Site: Fort Churchill. Launch Complex: -. Launch Pad: -. Launch Vehicle: Javelin. LV Configuration: Javelin CRL AB19.287.
  • P / F Plasma mission Nation: USA. Agency: USAF. Apogee: 592 km (367 mi). References: 2.
1968 November 10 - Launch Vehicle: Saturn V.
  • Success of Apollo 7 clears way for Apollo 8 lunar orbit mission in December. Nation: USA. Program: Apollo. Spacecraft: Apollo CSM, Apollo LTA. Flight: Apollo 7, Apollo 8. Apollo 7 - flown October 11-22 - far exceeded Low's expectations in results and left no doubts that they should go for lunar orbit on Apollo 8. At the November 10 Apollo Executive meeting Phillips presented a summary of the activities; James gave the launch vehicle status; Low reported on the spacecraft status and said he was impressed with the way KSC had handled its tight checkout schedule; Slayton reported on the flight plan; and Petrone on checkout readiness. Petrone said KSC could launch as early as December 10 or 12. Phillips said he would recommend to the Management Council the next day for Apollo 8 to go lunar orbit. Additional Details: Success of Apollo 7 clears way for Apollo 8 lunar orbit mission in December.. References: 16.
1968 November 10 - 1968 November 10 - 19:11 GMT - Launch Site: Baikonur. Launch Complex: LC81/23. Launch Pad: -. Launch Vehicle: Proton. Model: Proton-K/D. LV Configuration: Proton-K/D 235-01.
  • Zond 6 Nation: USSR. Program: Lunar L1. Payload: Soyuz 7K-L1 s/n 12L. Mass: 5,375 kg (11,849 lb). Class: Manned. Type: Spacecraft. Spacecraft: Soyuz 7K-L1 . Agency: MOM. Perigee: 200 km (120 mi). Apogee: 400,000 km (240,000 mi). Inclination: 51.50 deg. Period: 15,562.22 min. COSPAR: 1968-101A. USAF Sat Cat: 3535. Duration: 5.79 days. Decay Date: 1968-11-17. Test flight of manned circumlunar spacecraft. Successfully launched towards the moon with a scientific payload including cosmic-ray and micrometeoroid detectors, photography equipment, and a biological specimens. A midcourse correction on 12 November resulted in a loop around the moon at an altitude of 2,420 km on 14 November. Zond 6 took spectacular photos of the moon’s limb with the earth in the background. Photographs were also taken of the lunar near and far side with panchromatic film from distances of approximately 11,000 km and 3300 km. Each photo was 12.70 by 17.78 cm. Some of the views allowed for stereo pictures. On the return leg a gasket failed, leading to cabin depressurisation, which would have been fatal to a human crew. The 7K-L1 then made the first successful double skip trajectory, dipping into the earth's atmosphere over Antarctica, slowing from 11 km/sec to suborbital velocity, then skipping back out into space before making a final re-entry onto Soviet territory. The landing point was only 16 km from the pad from which it had been launched toward the moon. After the re-entry the main parachute ejected prematurely, ripping the main canopy, leading to the capsule being destroyed on impact with the ground. One negative was recovered from the camera container and a small victory obtained over the Americans. But the criteria for a manned flight had obviously not been met and Mishin's only hope to beet the Americans was a failure or delay in the Apollo 8 flight set for December. The next Zond test was set for January. Additional Details: Zond 6. References: 2, 6, 67, 274, 296, 367, 376.
1968 November 11 -
  • Zond 6 Nation: USSR. Program: Lunar L1. Spacecraft: Soyuz 7K-L1. Two Volga automobiles and two buses take the State Commission from the Hotel Kosmonavt to Area 81. The L1 launch into parking orbit is good (parameters 88.23 minutes period vs 88.3 planned; inclination 51.24 deg vs 51.5 deg planned; perigee 188.5 km vs 192 km planned; apogee 207 km vs 218 km planned). Translunar injection proceeds normally, but afterwards the high gain antenna doesn't deploy. As a result, there is no telemetry from the astro-navigation system. Kamanin rages, 100 million roubles in launch costs, ruined by one defect. The star sensors 100K and 101K will be tested tomorrow. However without course corrections the spacecraft will miss the earth by 1050 km on return. When the midcourse correction is attempted, the 101K sensor fails, but the 100K functions, and acquires Sirius. This is enough to orient the spacecraft, and 40 minutes later an 8.5 second engine burn is made to put the spacecraft on course. References: 376.
1968 November 11 - Launch Vehicle: Saturn V.
  • Paine gives Apollo 8 go-ahead for lunar orbit mission. Nation: USA. Program: Apollo. Spacecraft: Apollo LTA, Apollo CSM. Flight: Apollo 8. Low's initiative had paid off; the final decision to go to the moon in 1968 was made with the blessings of all of NASA's decision-makers, the Apollo Executive Committee, STAC, and PSAC. References: 16.
1968 November 11 - 08:00 GMT - Launch Site: South Uist. Launch Complex: -. Launch Pad: -. Launch Vehicle: Petrel. Model: Petrel 1. LV Configuration: Petrel P15H.
  • C / D / E electrons / SpE Ionosphere mission Nation: UK. Agency: SRC. Apogee: 142 km (88 mi). References: 2.
1968 November 12 -
  • Land landing of the Apollo CSM in the area of the launch site after an abort assessed Nation: USA. Program: Apollo. Spacecraft: Apollo CSM. The Apollo Crew Safety Review Board met to assess land landing of the CSM in the area of the launch site if a flight were aborted just before launch or during the initial phase of a flight. In general the Board was satisfied with overall planned recovery and medical operations. The only specific item to be acted on was some means of purging the interior of the spacecraft to expel any coolant or propellant fumes that might be trapped inside the cabin. The Board was also concerned about the likelihood of residual propellants trapped inside the vehicle even after abort sequence purging, a problem that MSC secured assistance from both the Ames and Lewis Research Centers to solve. At the Board's suggestion, MSC's Crew Systems Division also investigated the use of a helmet liner for the astronauts to prevent head injury upon impact. Finally, the Board recommended continued egress training with fully suited crews, including some night training. References: 16.
1968 November 12 -
  • Public announcement of decision to send Apollo 8 to lunar orbit. Nation: USA. Program: Apollo. Flight: Apollo 8. References: 16.
1968 November 13 -
  • HL-10 Flight 13 Nation: USA. Program: NASA Lifting Body. Payload: HL-10 flight 13. Class: Manned. Type: Spaceplane. Spacecraft: HL-10. Crew: Manke. 2 chambers, 186-sec powered flight. Maximum Speed - 843 kph. Maximum Altitude - 13000 m. Flight Time - 385 sec. References: 49, 97.
1968 November 13 -
  • Zond 6 midcourse correction. Nation: USSR. Program: Lunar L1. Spacecraft: Soyuz 7K-L1. Flight: Soyuz 7K-L1 mission 1. Tracking of the L1 shows it will hit the earth on return, but without a further midcourse correction the perigee will be 200 km instead of the 45 km required. Therefore another correction will be needed on the way back from the moon. Ustinov calls a meeting and asks 'How do we answer Apollo 8?'. The reply of Mishin and Tyulin is that 'we are not ready to answer Apollo 8. Apollo 8 is a high-risk adventure. The Americans have not accomplished any unmanned lunar flybys to demonstrate that their systems will function correctly; and of only two Saturn V flight tests to date, the second was a failure. We need to make the L1 program public to show the seriousness and completeness of Soviet readiness'. Ustinov orders the following plan be carried out in the next two months: in December, one unmanned L1 flight, and the first launch of the N1 with an L3 mock-up. In January 1969, a lunar flyby with two cosmonauts; a Lunokhod robot rover will be placed on the lunar surface; and a dual Soyuz manned flight with 1+3 crewmembers. Kamanin notes that the problem with the technical approach of Korolev and Mishin is that cosmonauts are seen only as observers and back-ups to automated systems. Therefore the whole manned space program is based on a false assumption. Because of this the Soviets have lost 2-3 years in the space race, which would have been saved if they had followed the Gemini/Apollo 'pilot in the loop' approach. Afterwards Mishin meets with the L1 cosmonaut group. He wants to get rid of the on-board flight plan and reduce the manual for operation of the spacecraft to one page. 'Don't want to bring bureaucracy aboard the spacecraft' he says. This completely absurd idea again demonstrates his belief in total reliance on automated systems. References: 376.
1968 November 13 - 12:00 GMT - Launch Site: Plesetsk. Launch Complex: LC41/1. Launch Pad: -. Launch Vehicle: Soyuz. Model: Voskhod 11A57.
  • Cosmos 253 Nation: USSR. Payload: Zenit-2 11F61 s/n 67. Mass: 4,720 kg (10,400 lb). Class: Surveillance. Type: Military. Spacecraft: Zenit-2. Agency: MOM. Perigee: 216 km (134 mi). Apogee: 337 km (209 mi). Inclination: 65.40 deg. Period: 90.00 min. COSPAR: 1968-102A. USAF Sat Cat: 3542. Duration: 5.00 days. Decay Date: 1968-11-18. Area survey photo reconnaissance satellite. Unsuccessful mission. On 13th orbit the SA-20-1 camera's shutter responded to an uncommanded order to open. Radiation levels inside reached 3 times normal levels. 53% of the data was lost. References: 2, 6,93.
1968 November 13 - 12:10 GMT - Launch Site: Vandenberg. Launch Complex: LF05. Launch Pad: -. Launch Vehicle: Minuteman 2. LV Configuration: Minuteman 2 2537.
  • Giant Fist 5 demonstration and shakedown operations launch Nation: USA. Agency: SAC 1STRAD. Apogee: 1,300 km (800 mi). References: 2.
1968 November 14 -
  • Zond 6 passes behind moon. Nation: USSR. Program: Lunar L1. Spacecraft: Soyuz 7K-L1. Flight: Soyuz 7K-L1 mission 1. The L1 went behind the moon at 05:49:37, and emerges at 06:21:11. At the time of the next orientation session it is 390,000 km from the earth and moving at 0.6 km/s. All orientations have been made on Sirius so far. Two more are needed: one for the midcourse correction, and then the second for the guided re-entry. The 100K sensor has proven itself despite Kamanin's doubts. Mishin's grumbly voice was grating on everyone, and finally he was put to bed. Kamanin despairs that the Soviet space program is dependent on this poorly organised, capricious, shortsighted man. Discussions are held with Moscow. If Apollo 8 succeeds, the next L1 test in January and the manned flight in April are probably not worth the risk. Some of the scientists want to discuss the inclusion of new medical experiments on pending manned spaceflights, but Kamanin is opposed to it. He does not want anything interfering with the primary mission. What to name the manned L1 spacecraft is discussed. Leonov wants to call it Rodina, Sevastyanov Ural, and Kamanin - 'Academician Korolev'. References: 376.
1968 November 14 - Launch Site: Green River. Launch Complex: Pad 1. Launch Pad: -. Launch Vehicle: Athena RTV. LV Configuration: Athena V120B.
  • USAF V120B re-entry vehicle test flight Nation: USA. Agency: USAF. Apogee: 200 km (120 mi). References: 2.
1968 November 15 - Launch Site: Baikonur. Launch Complex: LC110R. Launch Pad: -. Launch Vehicle: N1.
  • N1 1M1 mockup erected on pad with L1S payload Nation: USSR. Program: Lunar L3. Spacecraft: Soyuz 7K-L1. The N1 mockup was again erected on the pad, in order to conduct tests of the L1S payload in advance of the availability of the 3L launch vehicle. References: 96.
1968 November 15 -
  • Zond 6 hydrogen peroxide temperature falls to dangerous level Nation: USSR. Program: Lunar L1. Spacecraft: Soyuz 7K-L1. Flight: Soyuz 7K-L1 mission 1. Overnight a serious situation has developed. The hydrogen peroxide temperature aboard the L1 capsule has fallen from +20 deg C to -2 deg C. By the following morning it was down to -5 deg C. At such temperatures it will disassociate into oxygen and water, and the capsule's orientation thrusters will not be able to function for re-entry. A colour television camera was supposed to have been included in the cabin. If it was there it could be turned on and warm the capsule, but Mishin had insisted to the State Commission that it be deleted. The spacecraft could be oriented so that the sun would shine directly over the peroxide tank and warm it, but this might damage the 100K star sensor, which was mounted right next to it. A proposal is made that an attempt is made to orient the spacecraft using the ONA gyroscope package as flywheels, but Mishin and his deputies don't want to try anything. Mishin suddenly says that the next L1 will not be ready until February or later (before the date was January). This was seen by Kamanin as a typical 180-degree turn for him. Mishin looks bad - probably he's been drinking again. Kamanin sees no solution but a complete reorganisation of the space program, moving the manned program to the VVS. References: 376.
1968 November 15 - Launch Site: Green River. Launch Complex: Pad 3. Launch Pad: -. Launch Vehicle: Athena RTV. LV Configuration: Athena D062.
  • USN D062 re-entry vehicle test flight Nation: USA. Agency: USAF. Apogee: 200 km (120 mi). References: 2.
1968 November 15 - 07:45 GMT - Launch Site: White Sands. Launch Complex: LC35. Launch Pad: -. Launch Vehicle: Aerobee. Model: Aerobee 150. LV Configuration: Aerobee 150 NASA 04.268UG.
  • Ultraviolet astronomy mission Nation: USA. Agency: NASA. Apogee: 174 km (108 mi). References: 2.
1968 November 16 -
  • Zond 6 depressurises Nation: USSR. Program: Lunar L1. Spacecraft: Soyuz 7K-L1. Mishin is comatose, pulse 88, blood pressure 160 over 90. The doctors want to put him in the hospital, but he stays. The side of the L1 where the tanks were mounted finally comes into the sun, and the temperature rises to -1 deg C, a safer temperature than before. But now there is a new problem -- the cabin pressure fell from 718 mm at 05:13 to 610 mm by 05:20. By 08:30 it was down to 350 mm - essentially a situation of a depressurised cabin as far as the landing instruments are concerned. By 18:00 the temperature and pressure in the capsule have stabilised and Mishin is in the hospital. Meanwhile Kosygin is visiting the TsPK. References: 376.
1968 November 16 - Launch Site: Vandenberg. Launch Complex: 576A3. Launch Pad: -. Launch Vehicle: Atlas. Model: Atlas F/Trident. LV Configuration: Atlas F/Trident 56F. FAILURE: Failure.
  • RMP-B-10 re-entry vehicle test flight Nation: USA. Agency: USAF AFSC. Apogee: 10 km (6 mi). References: 2.
1968 November 16 - Launch Site: Biscarosse. Launch Complex: -. Launch Pad: -. Launch Vehicle: MSBS. Model: MSBS M013. LV Configuration: MSBS M013 V1.
  • V1 Vecteur operational test launch Nation: France. Agency: DMA. Apogee: 500 km (310 mi). References: 2.
1968 November 16 - 11:40 GMT - Launch Site: Baikonur. Launch Complex: LC81/24. Launch Pad: -. Launch Vehicle: Proton. Model: Proton-K. LV Configuration: Proton-K 236-01.
  • Proton 4 Nation: USSR. Program: Proton. Payload: N-6 s/n 1. Mass: 16,000 kg (35,000 lb). Class: Astronomy. Spacecraft: N-6 . Agency: MOM. Perigee: 248 km (154 mi). Apogee: 477 km (296 mi). Inclination: 51.60 deg. Period: 91.80 min. COSPAR: 1968-103A. USAF Sat Cat: 3544. Decay Date: 1969-07-24. First launch of the Proton three-stage variant. The satellite studied the nature of high and ultra-high energy cosmic rays and their interaction with atomic nuclei. Scientific payload 12,500 kg; operated for 100 days in orbit. References: 2, 6, 67, 273, 274.
1968 November 17 -
  • Zond 6 midcourse maneuver Nation: USSR. Program: Lunar L1. Spacecraft: Soyuz 7K-L1. The hydrogen peroxide temperature has risen to +1 deg C, and the cabin pressure is at 380 mm. The eighth stellar orientation and midcourse manoeuvre was made successful - the 100K sensor has rehabilitated itself. The 3.3-second burn moved the perigee by 25 km, and the spacecraft is expected to hit the center of the re-entry corridor - 49 km altitude plus/minus 7 km. But the State Commission has decided to arm the APO destruct system to destroy the spacecraft if it deviates from its ballistic trajectory. References: 376.
1968 November 18 -
  • Zond 6 re-entry Nation: USSR. Program: Lunar L1. Spacecraft: Soyuz 7K-L1. By 20:00 the cabin pressure was down to 180 mm, and then reached 25 mm at re-entry. At 16:00 the spacecraft confirmed that all landing commands had been received successfully. At 16:20 it confirmed correct orientation for re-entry. The tracking vessel Komarov tracked the capsule in its first dip into the atmosphere over the Indian Ocean. The tracking ship crew estimated the capsule would miss the landing point by 1800 km. However Zond 6 successfully completed the double-skip re-entry. It was picked up by PVO radars 300 km from the border of Afghanistan, and tracked to 100 to 150 km north of the cosmodrome. Radio communications and the radar transponder aboard the capsule were inoperative, and the precise landing point could not be determined. The parachute should have deployed at 17:19 and Kiev and Baku received a brief 1 to 2 second radio burst from the capsule, but nothing thereafter. A search begins for the capsule using 50 aircraft and 12 helicopters. Finally at 06:35 the next morning an Mi-4 sees the parachute 38 km southeast of Novokazalinsk, 70 km from Baikonur. The spacecraft is found 3 km away at 12:00. References: 376.
1968 November 19 -
  • Apollo White Sands Test Facility phasedown Nation: USA. Program: Apollo. Martin L. Raines, MSC's Manager at the White Sands Test Facility, recommended to ASPO Manager George M. Low that he issue official direction to the two spacecraft contractors, North American Rockwell and Grumman, governing the phasedown of operations at the engine test site. Early action was needed, Raines said, for proper contractual action on the phasedown and for proper disposition of equipment and supplies. This action signaled the end of the long and difficult supportive development effort to prove out the Apollo spacecraft rocket engines for flight. References: 16.
1968 November 19 - Launch Vehicle: Tsiklon. Model: R-36-O.
  • R-36-O rocket accepted into military service. Nation: USSR. Decree 'On adoption of the R-36-O into armaments' was issued. References: 474.
1968 November 19 - Launch Site: Vandenberg. Launch Complex: 395-C. Launch Pad: -. Launch Vehicle: Titan. Model: Titan 2. LV Configuration: Titan II B-3.
  • Glory Trip 26T Nation: USA. Agency: USAF SAC. Apogee: 1,300 km (800 mi). FOT GT26T Follow-on Test launch References: 2.
1968 November 19 - 01:38 GMT - Launch Site: Kiruna. Launch Complex: -. Launch Pad: -. Launch Vehicle: Black Brant. Model: Black Brant 3. LV Configuration: Black Brant III K-BB/III-14.
  • DLR K-BB3-14 Ionosphere / plasma mission Nation: Germany. Agency: DLR. Apogee: 167 km (103 mi). References: 2.
1968 November 19 - 01:39 GMT - Launch Site: Kiruna. Launch Complex: -. Launch Pad: -. Launch Vehicle: Black Brant. Model: Black Brant 2. LV Configuration: Black Brant II BB-2.
  • Ionosphere / plasma mission Nation: Canada. Agency: NRCC. Apogee: 167 km (103 mi). References: 2.
1968 November 19 - 04:29 GMT - Launch Site: Fort Churchill. Launch Complex: -. Launch Pad: -. Launch Vehicle: Black Brant. Model: Black Brant 3. LV Configuration: Black Brant III ADF-3-32. FAILURE: Failure.
  • Ionosphere / plasma mission Nation: Canada. Agency: NRCC. Apogee: 288 km (178 mi). References: 2.
1968 November 19 - 08:00 GMT - Launch Site: Fort Churchill. Launch Complex: -. Launch Pad: -. Launch Vehicle: Black Brant. Model: Black Brant 5A. LV Configuration: Black Brant VA CRL AG17.757.
  • PCA D-region Plasma mission Nation: USA. Agency: AFCRL. Apogee: 129 km (80 mi). References: 2.
1968 November 19 - 18:00 GMT - Launch Site: Wallops Island. Launch Complex: -. Launch Pad: -. Launch Vehicle: Cajun. Model: Nike Cajun. LV Configuration: Nike Cajun NASA 10.293GM.
  • Grenades Aeronomy mission Nation: USA. Agency: NASA. Apogee: 123 km (76 mi). References: 2.
1968 November 19 - 18:30 GMT - Launch Site: Wallops Island. Launch Complex: -. Launch Pad: -. Launch Vehicle: Apache. Model: Nike Apache. LV Configuration: Nike Apache NASA 14.371GI.
  • Ionosphere mission Nation: USA. Agency: NASA. Apogee: 200 km (120 mi). References: 2.
1968 November 19 - 20:04 GMT - Launch Site: Wallops Island. Launch Complex: -. Launch Pad: -. Launch Vehicle: Apache. Model: Nike Apache. LV Configuration: Nike Apache NASA 14.386UM.
  • UM Pitot 40 / Sphere Aeronomy mission Nation: USA. Agency: NASA. Apogee: 148 km (91 mi). References: 2.
1968 November 20 -
  • Soviet manned circumlunar flight set for February Nation: USSR. Program: Soyuz, Lunar L1. Spacecraft: Soyuz 7K-OK, Soyuz 7K-L1. Flight: Soyuz 4, Soyuz 5, Soyuz 7K-L1 mission 1, Soyuz 4/5. Titov still would prefer to be a test pilot, not a cosmonaut. The Soyuz group is scheduled to complete their training and to depart for the cosmodrome on 20 December for final preparations. Leonov's L1 group is to complete their training on 20 January 1969, then depart to the cosmodrome for a flight to the moon in February. References: 376.
1968 November 20 -
  • Soyuz spacesuit review Nation: USSR. Program: Lunar L1, Soyuz. Spacecraft: Yastreb, Soyuz 7K-L1. Flight: Soyuz 3, Soyuz 4, Soyuz 5, Soyuz 4/5. Kamanin attends an Yastreb spacesuit review with VVS doctors. The suit removes 200 cal/hour, but when the cosmonaut is exerting himself, he will generate 3 to 4 times more than this. So the cabin is chilled to 18 deg C prior to the EVA, and there will be lots of pauses during preparations to exit the spacecraft. The L1 cosmonaut-engineers at the meeting have little zero-G experience, and need to get a lot more. The new oxygen generating system for the L1 is still not complete. It will be 6 to 8 kg lighter than the old system (using calcium instead of the old material). Mishin insists that the new system should be completed and installed. Ground qualification testing will be completed on 1 January, but the system will not be flight-proven - Kamanin believes it needs test on low earth orbit missions before being adopted for lunar flights. Beregovoi's experience on Soyuz 3 is reviewed. He needed more time to adapt to zero-G before being required to attempt a docking. He had the impression he was upside-down and had intestinal tract problems. References: 376.
1968 November 20 - 07:08 GMT - Launch Site: Johnston Island. Launch Complex: LE1. Launch Pad: -. Launch Vehicle: Delta. Model: Thor DSV-2J. LV Configuration: Thor DSV-2J 252.
  • AFP-437 combat evaluation interceptor mission Nation: USA. Agency: USAF. Apogee: 1,158 km (719 mi). References: 2.
1968 November 20 - 11:24 GMT - Launch Site: Fort Churchill. Launch Complex: -. Launch Pad: -. Launch Vehicle: Cajun. Model: Nike Cajun. LV Configuration: Nike Cajun NASA 10.283GM.
  • Grenades Aeronomy mission Nation: USA. Agency: NASA. Apogee: 120 km (70 mi). References: 2.
1968 November 20 - 13:24 GMT - Launch Site: Fort Churchill. Launch Complex: -. Launch Pad: -. Launch Vehicle: Cajun. Model: Nike Cajun. LV Configuration: Nike Cajun NASA 10.284GM.
  • Grenades Aeronomy mission Nation: USA. Agency: NASA. Apogee: 114 km (70 mi). References: 2.
1968 November 20 - 22:45 GMT - Launch Site: Cape Canaveral. Launch Complex: LC43. Launch Pad: -. Launch Vehicle: Loki. Model: Super Loki.
  • Aeronomy mission Nation: USA. Agency: NASA. Apogee: 75 km (46 mi). References: 2.
1968 November 21 - Launch Vehicle: N1.
  • The N1-L3 state commission meets. Nation: USSR. Program: Lunar L3. Spacecraft: Soyuz 7K-LOK, LK. The previous launch date of 25 November has been pushed back to January 1969. The N1 has completed a good cycle of ground tests, but work on the L3 has not even begun. There is no news when it will be ready. The L3 plan called for the first article to be ready in March 1968. 20 cosmonauts from the L1 and Soyuz groups were to have trained on the spacecraft. But MOM never issued the implementation plan to the industrial enterprises to begin work on the spacecraft. References: 376.
1968 November 21 - 12:10 GMT - Launch Site: Plesetsk. Launch Complex: -. Launch Pad: -. Launch Vehicle: Soyuz. Model: Voskhod 11A57.
  • Cosmos 254 Nation: USSR. Mass: 6,300 kg (13,800 lb). Class: Surveillance. Type: Military. Spacecraft: Zenit-4. Agency: MOM. Perigee: 197 km (122 mi). Apogee: 335 km (208 mi). Inclination: 65.40 deg. Period: 89.90 min. COSPAR: 1968-104A. USAF Sat Cat: 3562. Duration: 8.00 days. Decay Date: 1968-11-29. High resolution photo reconnaissance satellite; returned film capsule References: 2, 6.
1968 November 21 - 18:28 GMT - Launch Site: Vandenberg. Launch Complex: LF25. Launch Pad: -. Launch Vehicle: Minuteman 2. LV Configuration: Minuteman 2 2556.
  • GIANT BLADE 2 demonstration and shakedown operations launch Nation: USA. Agency: SAC 1STRAD. Apogee: 1,300 km (800 mi). References: 2.
1968 November 21 - 18:30 GMT - Launch Site: White Sands. Launch Complex: LC35. Launch Pad: -. Launch Vehicle: Aerobee. Model: Aerobee 150. LV Configuration: Aerobee 150 CRL AT3.533.
  • Extreme ultraviolet Mon / RPA Solar extreme ultraviolet mission Nation: USA. Agency: USAF. Apogee: 244 km (151 mi). References: 2.
1968 November 21 - 19:15 GMT - Launch Site: White Sands. Launch Complex: LC35. Launch Pad: -. Launch Vehicle: Aerobee. Model: Aerobee 150 MI. LV Configuration: Aerobee 150 MI NASA 04.240US.
  • Solar mission Nation: USA. Agency: NASA. Apogee: 193 km (119 mi). References: 2.
1968 November 21 - 20:45 GMT - Launch Site: Wallops Island. Launch Complex: -. Launch Pad: -. Launch Vehicle: Aerobee. Model: Aerobee 150A. LV Configuration: Aerobee 150A NASA 04.215NB.
  • Biological mission Nation: USA. Agency: NASA. Apogee: 164 km (101 mi). References: 2.
1968 November 22 -
  • Problem with the Apollo LM fuel -remaining light Nation: USA. Program: Apollo. Spacecraft: Apollo LM. Howard W. Tindall, Jr., Chief of Apollo Data Priority Coordination within ASPO, reported an operational system problem aboard the LM. To give a returning Apollo crew an indication of time remaining to perform a landing maneuver or to abort, a light on the LM instrument panel would come on when about two minutes worth of propellants remained in the descent propellant system tanks with the descent engine running at 25-percent thrust. The present LM weight and descent trajectory were such that the light would always come on before touchdown. The only hitch, said Tindall, was that the signal was connected to the spacecraft master alarm. "Just at the most critical time in the most critical operation of a perfectly nominal lunar landing mission, the master alarm with all its lights, bells, and whistles will go off." Tindall related that some four or five years earlier, astronaut Pete Conrad had called the arrangement "completely unacceptable . . . but he was probably just an Ensign at the time and apparently no one paid any attention." If this "is not fixed," Tindall said, "I predict the first words uttered by the first astronaut to land on the moon will be 'Gee whiz, that master alarm certainly startled me.'" Tindall recommended either rerouting the signal wiring to bypass the alarm or cutting the signal wire and relying solely on the propellant gauges to assess flight time remaining. References: 16.
1968 November 22 - 00:31 GMT - Launch Site: Point Barrow. Launch Complex: -. Launch Pad: -. Launch Vehicle: Cajun. Model: Nike Cajun. LV Configuration: Nike Cajun NASA 10.289GM.
  • Grenades Aeronomy mission Nation: USA. Agency: NASA. Apogee: 179 km (111 mi). References: 2.
1968 November 22 - 07:55 GMT - Launch Site: Point Barrow. Launch Complex: -. Launch Pad: -. Launch Vehicle: Cajun. Model: Nike Cajun. LV Configuration: Nike Cajun NASA 10.290GM.