Chronology - Quarter 3 1971 home
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1971 July 1 -
  • Soyuz 11 capsule evaluated at landing site. Nation: USSR. Program: Salyut. Spacecraft: Soyuz 7KT-OK. Flight: Soyuz 11. At 05:00 specialists arrive from Moscow to the Soyuz 11 landing site to test the hermetic seal of the cabin. By 08:00 the pressure tests of the cabin show a slight loss, but it takes 1.5 hours for the cabin to fully depressurise. There are no cracks or holes in the cabin. Therefore the only cause could be the two air valves. The medical experts have already determined that the cosmonauts died from depressurisation of the spacecraft. The crew have haemorrhages in their brains, blood in their lungs, and nitrogen in their blood. The flight recorder shows that four seconds after the depressurisation began Dobrovolsky's breathing rate went to 48/minute (normally 16/minute), asphyxiation began, and 20 to 30 seconds later he was dead. By 19:30 Kamanin is in Moscow, and he sees the bodies laying in state at 21:40. They are cremated at 22:00. References: 376.
1971 July 2 - 10:55 GMT - Launch Site: Salto di Quirra. Launch Complex: -. Launch Pad: -. Launch Vehicle: Skylark. Model: Skylark 3 AC. LV Configuration: Skylark 3 AC S73.
  • ESRO S73 Solar X-ray/Zodiacal mission Nation: Europe. Agency: ESRO. Apogee: 224 km (139 mi). References: 2.
1971 July 2 - 14:37 GMT - Launch Site: Fort Churchill. Launch Complex: -. Launch Pad: -. Launch Vehicle: Cajun. Model: Nike Cajun. LV Configuration: Nike Cajun NASA 10.328GM.
  • Grenades Aeronomy mission Nation: USA. Agency: NASA. Apogee: 122 km (75 mi). References: 2.
1971 July 2 - 14:42 GMT - Launch Site: Point Barrow. Launch Complex: -. Launch Pad: -. Launch Vehicle: Cajun. Model: Nike Cajun. LV Configuration: Nike Cajun NASA 10.335GM.
  • Aeronomy mission Nation: USA. Agency: NASA. Apogee: 100 km (60 mi). References: 2.
1971 July 2 - 16:30 GMT - Launch Site: ETR Launch Area. Launch Complex: -. Launch Pad: -. Launch Vehicle: Poseidon.
  • Demonstration and shakedown operations launch Nation: USA. Agency: USN. Apogee: 500 km (310 mi). References: 2.
1971 July 2 - 20:05 GMT - Launch Site: Fort Churchill. Launch Complex: -. Launch Pad: -. Launch Vehicle: Cajun. Model: Nike Cajun. LV Configuration: Nike Cajun NASA 10.336GM.
  • Aeronomy mission Nation: USA. Agency: NASA. Apogee: 122 km (75 mi). References: 2.
1971 July 3 -
  • Soyuz 11 investigative commission. Nation: USSR. Program: Salyut. Flight: Soyuz 11. The Soyuz 11 crew is buried in the Kremlin Wall in a State Funeral at Red Square. This is followed by the first meeting of the State Commission on the Soyuz 11 disaster. Ten sub-committees were set up to concentrate on various technical aspects of the investigation. The initial finding is that the air valve in the 'Mir' apparatus opened in free space at 170 km altitude. Within 112 seconds the capsule fully depressurised. The valve was designed to let in fresh air after re-entry. It should have been impossible for this valve to open until the external barometric pressure had increased to a set level. The only crew instructions and training in relation to this valve were that it was to be closed by either the crew or the recovery forces in case of a landing in water. References: 376.
1971 July 4 - Launch Vehicle: N1.
  • Soyuz 11 failure investigation Nation: USSR. Program: Lunar L3, Salyut. Spacecraft: Soyuz 7KT-OK, Soyuz 7K-T. Flight: Soyuz 11. This was a very difficult time for TsKBEM. All work at the bureaus came to a complete halt after the loss of Soyuz 11 and N1 6L. Simultaneous expert commissions investigated the loss of N1 6L and Soyuz 11. TsKBEM was seen as responsible for every failure. A virtually legal process ensued to fix guilt. Every design decision was examined and questioned. Additional Details: Soyuz 11 failure investigation. References: 367.
1971 July 5 -
  • Soyuz 11 crew deaths preventable. Nation: USSR. Program: Salyut. Flight: Soyuz 11. So many kinds of failures were simulated during Soyuz training - but never the failure that killed the Soyuz 11 crew. Yet the deaths were preventable. The VVS and the cosmonauts had been writing letters for eight years on the necessity of wearing suits aboard the spacecraft. Mishin's reply: 'I don't want to fly cowards on my spacecraft'. It would have been possible to fly Soyuz with a crew of two, in suits, or at least adequate reserve oxygen tanks to flood the compartment and maintain pressure in the situation of a capsule leak. The VVS protested the decision not to fly with such measures, but Mishin simply rejected the protests. References: 376.
1971 July 7 -
  • Kamanin's last diary entry in service. Nation: USSR. Program: Salyut. Spacecraft: Soyuz 7KT-OK. Flight: Soyuz 11. Kamanin is furious. Of 25 cosmonauts that have flown, five are buried in the Kremlin Wall, one in Novdevich cemetery, and 19 are still in service. These deaths are due to the incompetent management of Ustinov, Serbin, Smirnov, Mishin, Afanasyev, Bushuyev, and Serbin. Some people are trying to blame Kamanin or the cosmonauts, saying the vent could have been plugged with a finger if the crew was properly trained. Others blame the crew in other ways. But the main problem was already brought up early over and over and over by the VVS and Kutakhov - the crew should never have flown without spacesuits! This has been going on for seven years. Khrushchev, Brezhnev, Ustinov, Smirnov, all wrote of their fear of allowing dangerous spaceflights. But these were the same leaders who supported the categorical rejection of the need for the crew to fly in spacesuits. The need for the suits was rejected first by Korolev, then Mishin. They kept saying that hundreds of manned and unmanned spacecraft had flown without depressurisation ever occurring.

    The idea of plugging the vent with a finger is absurd. Had they done so, they would have had only 15 to 17 minutes to work the problem before the onset of G-forces. Imagine the real situation - retrofire was normal - the BO module jettisoned - suddenly the depress light on the caution warning panel is on! Dobrovolsky checks the hatch, but it's not the hatch -- and there are only 25 to 30 seconds until they all become unconscious. Volkov and Patsayev undo their straps and turn on the radio. The whistling of the air can only be heard at the commander's seat - where the vent valve is located. Kamanin discontinues diary entries for two years after this date. References: 376.

1971 July 8 -
  • Kamanin relieved as head of VVS space affairs and cosmonaut training. Nation: USSR. Program: Salyut. Flight: Soyuz 11. In a letter signed by both men, citing a Ministry of Defence decree number 0777 dated 25 June 1971, Kamanin resigns his position as assistant to the VVS General Staff for training and direction of spaceflights, and hands over this position to Shatalov. References: 376.
1971 July 8 - Launch Site: Vandenberg. Launch Complex: LF02. Launch Pad: -. Launch Vehicle: Minuteman 3.
  • OT GT04GM operational test launch Nation: USA. Agency: USAF SAC. Apogee: 1,300 km (800 mi). References: 2.
1971 July 8 - 22:58 GMT - Launch Site: Wallops Island. Launch Complex: LA3A. Launch Pad: -. Launch Vehicle: Scout. Model: Scout B. LV Configuration: Scout B S177C.
  • Explorer 44 Nation: USA. Program: Explorer. Payload: Solar Explorer C. Mass: 118 kg (260 lb). Class: Solar. Spacecraft: Solrad. Agency: NRL. Perigee: 433 km (269 mi). Apogee: 632 km (392 mi). Inclination: 51.10 deg. Period: 95.20 min. COSPAR: 1971-058A. USAF Sat Cat: 5317. Decay Date: 1979-12-15. Solar radition data. Spacecraft engaged in research and exploration of the upper atmosphere or outer space (US Cat B). References: 2, 6.
1971 July 9 - 19:43 GMT - Launch Site: White Sands. Launch Complex: -. Launch Pad: -. Launch Vehicle: Aerobee. Model: Aerobee 170B. LV Configuration: Aerobee 170B NASA 12.22GT.
  • Test mission Nation: USA. Agency: NASA. Apogee: 191 km (118 mi). References: 2.
1971 July 12 - 11:00 GMT - Launch Site: Vandenberg. Launch Complex: LF09. Launch Pad: LF09?. Launch Vehicle: Minuteman 1. Model: Minuteman 1B. FAILURE: Failure.
  • FOT GT95B Follow-on Test launch Nation: USA. Agency: USAF SAC. Apogee: 0 km ( mi). References: 2.
1971 July 12 - 15:06 GMT - Launch Site: Fort Churchill. Launch Complex: -. Launch Pad: -. Launch Vehicle: Cajun. Model: Nike Cajun. LV Configuration: Nike Cajun NASA 10.370GM.
  • Aeronomy mission Nation: USA. Agency: NASA. Apogee: 125 km (77 mi). References: 2.
1971 July 12 - 15:18 GMT - Launch Site: Point Barrow. Launch Complex: -. Launch Pad: -. Launch Vehicle: Cajun. Model: Nike Cajun. LV Configuration: Nike Cajun NASA 10.381GM.
  • Aeronomy mission Nation: USA. Agency: NASA. Apogee: 109 km (67 mi). References: 2.
1971 July 12 - 16:06 GMT - Launch Site: Wallops Island. Launch Complex: -. Launch Pad: -. Launch Vehicle: Cajun. Model: Nike Cajun. LV Configuration: Nike Cajun NASA 10.374GM.
  • Aeronomy mission Nation: USA. Agency: NASA. Apogee: 136 km (84 mi). References: 2.
1971 July 13 - 02:50 GMT - Launch Site: Wallops Island. Launch Complex: -. Launch Pad: -. Launch Vehicle: Tomahawk Sandia. Model: Nike Tomahawk. LV Configuration: Nike Tomahawk NASA 18.117UI.
  • Ionosphere mission Nation: USA. Agency: NASA. Apogee: 270 km (160 mi). References: 2.
1971 July 13 - 18:30 GMT - Launch Site: Wallops Island. Launch Complex: -. Launch Pad: -. Launch Vehicle: Tomahawk Sandia. Model: Nike Tomahawk. LV Configuration: Nike Tomahawk NASA 18.118UI.
  • Ionosphere mission Nation: USA. Agency: NASA. Apogee: 270 km (160 mi). References: 2.
1971 July 14 - 21:00 GMT - Launch Site: South Uist. Launch Complex: -. Launch Pad: -. Launch Vehicle: Petrel. Model: Petrel 1. LV Configuration: Petrel P79H.
  • Electron analyser Ionosphere mission Nation: UK. Agency: SRC. Apogee: 143 km (88 mi). References: 2.
1971 July 14 - 22:04 GMT - Launch Site: South Uist. Launch Complex: -. Launch Pad: -. Launch Vehicle: Petrel. Model: Petrel 1. LV Configuration: Petrel P93H.
  • Electron analyser Ionosphere mission Nation: UK. Agency: SRC. Apogee: 142 km (88 mi). References: 2.
1971 July 16 - 01:41 GMT - Launch Site: Plesetsk. Launch Complex: -. Launch Pad: -. Launch Vehicle: Soyuz. Model: Vostok 8A92M.
  • Meteor 1-09 Nation: USSR. Payload: Meteor M no. 9. Mass: 3,800 kg (8,300 lb). Class: Earth. Type: Weather. Spacecraft: Meteor M. Agency: MOM. Perigee: 342 km (212 mi). Apogee: 349 km (216 mi). Inclination: 81.20 deg. Period: 91.50 min. COSPAR: 1971-059A. USAF Sat Cat: 5327. Decay Date: 1991-08-27. Acquisition of meteorological information needed for use by the weather service. References: 2, 6.
1971 July 16 - 10:50 GMT - Launch Site: Vandenberg. Launch Complex: SLC1W. Launch Pad: -. Launch Vehicle: Delta. Model: Thorad SLV-2H Agena D. LV Configuration: Thorad SLV-2H Agena D 550 / Agena D 2737.
  • OPS 8373 Nation: USA. Payload: Ferret 16 / Agena D 2737?. Mass: 1,500 kg (3,300 lb). Class: Sigint. Spacecraft: Ferret. Agency: NRO/USAF. Perigee: 450 km (270 mi). Apogee: 460 km (280 mi). Inclination: 74.90 deg. Period: 93.60 min. COSPAR: 1971-060A. USAF Sat Cat: 5329. Decay Date: 1978-08-31. References: 2, 6.
1971 July 17 - 04:53 GMT - Launch Site: White Sands. Launch Complex: LC35. Launch Pad: -. Launch Vehicle: Aerobee. Model: Aerobee 170. LV Configuration: Aerobee 170 KP3.39.
  • Infrared astronomy mission Nation: USA. Agency: KPNO. Apogee: 190 km (110 mi). References: 2.
1971 July 17 - 23:30 GMT - Launch Site: ETR Launch Area. Launch Complex: -. Launch Pad: -. Launch Vehicle: Poseidon.
  • Demonstration and shakedown operations launch Nation: USA. Agency: USN. Apogee: 500 km (310 mi). References: 2.
1971 July 19 - 08:43 GMT - Launch Site: Woomera. Launch Complex: LA2. Launch Pad: -. Launch Vehicle: Cockatoo. LV Configuration: Cockatoo 1016.
  • Aeronomy mission Nation: Australia. Agency: WRE. Apogee: 100 km (60 mi). References: 2.
1971 July 20 - 10:00 GMT - Launch Site: Baikonur. Launch Complex: LC1. Launch Pad: LC1 or LC31. Launch Vehicle: Soyuz. Model: Voskhod 11A57.
  • Cosmos 429 Nation: USSR. Mass: 6,000 kg (13,200 lb). Class: Surveillance. Type: Military. Spacecraft: Zenit-4M. Agency: MOM. Perigee: 202 km (125 mi). Apogee: 252 km (156 mi). Inclination: 51.80 deg. Period: 89.00 min. COSPAR: 1971-061A. USAF Sat Cat: 5331. Duration: 13.00 days. Decay Date: 1971-08-02. High resolution photo reconnaissance satellite; returned film capsule; maneuverable. References: 2, 6.
1971 July 21 - 16:00 GMT - Launch Site: Wallops Island. Launch Complex: -. Launch Pad: -. Launch Vehicle: Black Brant. Model: Black Brant 5C. LV Configuration: Black Brant VC NASA 21.04GT. FAILURE: Failure.
  • Test mission Nation: USA. Agency: NASA. Apogee: 174 km (108 mi). References: 2.
1971 July 21 - 21:52 GMT - Launch Site: Syowa Base. Launch Complex: -. Launch Pad: -. Launch Vehicle: S. Model: S-210. LV Configuration: S-210JA-3.
  • Auroral mission Nation: Japan. Agency: NIPR. Apogee: 131 km (81 mi). References: 2.
1971 July 22 - Launch Site: Plesetsk. Launch Complex: LC132/2. Launch Pad: -. Launch Vehicle: Kosmos 3. Model: Kosmos 11K65M. LV Configuration: Kosmos 11K65M Yu149-32. FAILURE: Launch vehicle failed to orbit - unknown cause. 1971 July 23 -
  • M2 Flight 23 Nation: USA. Program: NASA Lifting Body. Payload: M2-F3 flight 7. Class: Manned. Type: Spaceplane. Spacecraft: M2-F3. Crew: Dana. Maximum Speed - 788 kph. Maximum Altitude - 18440 m. Flight Time - 353 sec. References: 49, 97.
1971 July 23 - 11:00 GMT - Launch Site: Plesetsk. Launch Complex: -. Launch Pad: -. Launch Vehicle: Soyuz. Model: Voskhod 11A57.
  • Cosmos 430 Nation: USSR. Mass: 6,300 kg (13,800 lb). Class: Surveillance. Type: Military. Spacecraft: Zenit-4M. Agency: MOM. Perigee: 199 km (123 mi). Apogee: 305 km (189 mi). Inclination: 65.40 deg. Period: 89.50 min. COSPAR: 1971-062A. USAF Sat Cat: 5340. Duration: 13.00 days. Decay Date: 1971-08-05. High resolution photo reconnaissance satellite; returned film capsule; maneuverable. References: 2, 6.
1971 July 26 - 13:34 GMT - Launch Site: Cape Canaveral. Launch Complex: LC39A. Launch Pad: -. Launch Vehicle: Saturn V. Model: Saturn V. LV Configuration: Saturn V SA-510.
  • Apollo 15 Nation: USA. Program: Apollo. Payload: Apollo CSM 112/LM 10/ ALSEP/ LRV-1/PFS 1/S-IVB-510. Mass: 30,343 kg (66,894 lb). Class: Manned. Type: Lunar spacecraft. Spacecraft: Apollo CSM. Location of Spacecraft: U.S. Air Force Museum, Dayton, OH. Agency: NASA MSC. Perigee: 166 km (103 mi). Apogee: 169 km (105 mi). Inclination: 29.68 deg. Period: 87.84 min. COSPAR: 1971-063A. USAF Sat Cat: 5351. Duration: 12.30 days. Decay Date: 1971-08-07. Crew: Irwin, Scott, Worden. Flight: Apollo 15. Apollo 15 (AS-510) with astronauts David R. Scott, Alfred M. Worden, and James B. Irwin aboard was launched from Pad A, Launch Complex 39, KSC, at 9:34 a.m. EDT July 26. The spacecraft and S-IVB combination was placed in an earth parking orbit 11 minutes 44 seconds after liftoff. Activities during earth orbit and translunar injection (insertion into the trajectory for the moon) were similar to those of previous lunar landing missions. Translunar injection was at about 12:30 p.m., with separation of the CSM from the LM/S-IVB/IU at 12:56 p.m. At 1:08 p.m., onboard color TV showed the docking of the CSM with the LM.

    S-IVB auxiliary propulsion system burns sent the S-IVB/IU stages toward the moon, where they impacted the lunar surface at 4:59 p.m. EDT July 29. The point of impact was 188 kilometers northeast of the Apollo 14 landing site and 355 kilometers northeast of the Apollo 12 site. The impact was detected by both the Apollo 12 and Apollo 14 seismometers, left on the moon in November 1969 and February 1971.

    After the translunar coast, during which TV pictures of the CSM and LM interiors were shown and the LM communications and other systems were checked, Apollo 15 entered lunar orbit at 4:06 p.m. EDT July 29.

    The LM-10 Falcon, with astronauts Scott and Irwin aboard, undocked and separated from the Endeavor (CSM 112) with astronaut Worden aboard. At 6:16 p.m. EDT July 30, the Falcon landed in the Hadley-Apennine region of the moon 600 meters north-northwest of the proposed target. About two hours later, following cabin depressurization, Scott performed a 33-minute standup EVA in the upper hatch of the LM, during which he described and photographed the landing site.

    The first crew EVA on the lunar surface began at 9:04 a.m. July 31. The crew collected and stowed a contingency sample, unpacked the ALSEP and other experiments, and prepared the lunar roving vehicle (LRV) for operations. Some problems were encountered in the deployment and checkout of the LRV, used for the first time, but they were quickly resolved. The first EVA traverse was to the Apennine mountain front, after which the ALSEP was deployed and activated, and one probe of a Heat Flow experiment was emplaced. A second probe was not emplaced until EVA-2 because of drilling difficulties. The first EVA lasted 6 hours 33 minutes.

    At 7:49 a.m. EDT August 1, the second EVA began. The astronauts made a maintenance check on the LRV and then began the second planned traverse of the mission. On completion of the traverse, Scott and Irwin completed the placement of heat flow experiment probes, collected a core sample, and deployed the American flag. They then stowed the sample container and the film in the LM, completing a second EVA of 7 hours 12 minutes.

    The third EVA began at 4:52 a.m. August 2, included another traverse, and ended 4 hours 50 minutes later, for a total Apollo 15 lunar surface EVA time of 18 hours 35 minutes.

    While the lunar module was on the moon, astronaut Worden completed 34 lunar orbits in the CSM operating scientific instrument module experiments and cameras to obtain data concerning the lunar surface and environment. X-ray spectrometer data indicated richer abundance of aluminum in the highlands, especially on the far side, but greater concentrations of magnesium in the maria.

    Liftoff of the ascent stage of the LM, the first one to be televised, occurred at 1:11 p.m. EDT August 2. About two hours later the LM and CSM rendezvoused and docked, and film, equipment, and 77 kilograms of lunar samples were transferred from the LM to the CSM. The ascent stage was jettisoned and hit the lunar surface at 11:04 p.m. EDT August 2. Its impact was recorded by the Apollo 12, Apollo 14, and Apollo 15 seismometers, left on the moon during those missions. Before leaving the lunar orbit, the spacecraft deployed a subsatellite, at 4:13 p.m. August 4, in an orbit of 141.3 by 102 kilometers. The satellite would measure interplanetary and earth magnetic fields near the moon. It also carried charged-particle sensors and equipment to detect variations in lunar gravity caused by mascons (mass concentrations).

    A transearth injection maneuver at 5:23 p.m. August 4 put the CSM on an earth trajectory. During the transearth coast, astronaut Worden performed an inflight EVA beginning at 11:32 a.m. August 5 and lasting for 38 minutes 12 seconds. He made three trips to the scientific instrument module (SIM) bay of the SM, twice to retrieve cassettes and once to observe the condition of the instruments in the SIM bay. References: 2, 6, 26, 27, 33,60.

  • Apollo 15 Subsatellite Nation: USA. Program: Apollo. Payload: PFS 1. Mass: 36 kg (79 lb). Class: Planetary. Type: Lunar. Spacecraft: PFS. Agency: NASA MSC. COSPAR: 1971-063D. USAF Sat Cat: 5377. Flight: Apollo 15. Released from Apollo 15 into 102 x 142 km lunar orbit on 4 August 1971 at 20:13:29 GMT; studied lunar particles and included fields experiments. Last telemetry from lunar orbit in 1984. References: 2, 6, 26, 27.
  • Apollo 15 LM Nation: USA. Program: Apollo. Payload: Apollo LM 10. Mass: 16,437 kg (36,237 lb). Class: Manned. Type: Lunar spacecraft. Spacecraft: Apollo LM. Agency: NASA MSC. Perigee: 166 km (103 mi). Apogee: 169 km (105 mi). Inclination: 29.68 deg. Period: 87.84 min. COSPAR: 1971-063x. USAF Sat Cat: 5351. Duration: 12.30 days. Decay Date: 1971-08-07. Flight: Apollo 15. References: 2, 6, 26, 27, 33,60.
1971 July 27 - 13:18 GMT - Launch Site: White Sands. Launch Complex: -. Launch Pad: -. Launch Vehicle: Aerobee. Model: Aerobee 170. LV Configuration: Aerobee 170 NASA 13.52UA.
  • Aeronomy mission Nation: USA. Agency: NASA. Apogee: 200 km (120 mi). References: 2.
1971 July 28 - 03:29 GMT - Launch Site: Plesetsk. Launch Complex: -. Launch Pad: -. Launch Vehicle: Soyuz. Model: Molniya 8K78M.
  • Molniya 1-18 Nation: USSR. Program: Molniya. Payload: Molniya-1. Mass: 1,600 kg (3,500 lb). Class: Communications. Spacecraft: Molniya-1. Agency: MOM. Perigee: 478 km (297 mi). Apogee: 39,877 km (24,778 mi). Inclination: 65.40 deg. Period: 717.80 min. COSPAR: 1971-064A. USAF Sat Cat: 5367. Decay Date: 1977-07-19. Operation of a system of long range telephone-telegraph radiocommunication, and transmission of USSR Central Television programmes to the stations of the Orbita network. References: 2, 6, 64.
1971 July 30 - Launch Site: Salto di Quirra. Launch Complex: -. Launch Pad: -. Launch Vehicle: Micon. Model: Zenit. LV Configuration: Zenit-C Zenit-Cuckoo. FAILURE: Failure.
  • ESRO Z82 / 1 Meteorites mission Nation: Europe. Agency: ESRO. Apogee: 100 km (60 mi). References: 2.
1971 July 30 - 08:29 GMT - Launch Site: Baikonur. Launch Complex: LC1. Launch Pad: LC1 or LC31. Launch Vehicle: Soyuz. Model: Voskhod 11A57.
  • Cosmos 431 Nation: USSR. Mass: 6,000 kg (13,200 lb). Class: Surveillance. Type: Military. Spacecraft: Zenit-2M. Agency: MOM. Perigee: 165 km (102 mi). Apogee: 284 km (176 mi). Inclination: 51.70 deg. Period: 89.00 min. COSPAR: 1971-065A. USAF Sat Cat: 5364. Duration: 12.00 days. Decay Date: 1971-08-11. Area survey photo reconnaissance satellite; returned film capsule. References: 2, 6.
1971 July 30 - 11:16 GMT -
  • Apollo 15 lands near Hadley Rille Nation: USA. Flight: Apollo 15. Apollo 15 entered lunar orbit at 4:06 p.m. EDT July 29.

    The LM-10 Falcon, with astronauts Scott and Irwin aboard, undocked and separated from the Endeavor (CSM 112) with astronaut Worden aboard. At 6:16 p.m. EDT July 30, the Falcon landed in the Hadley-Apennine region of the moon 600 meters north-northwest of the proposed target. Additional Details: Apollo 15 lands near Hadley Rille.

1971 July 31 - 00:16 GMT -
  • EVA Apollo 15-1 Nation: USA. Program: Apollo. Class: Manned. Type: Lunar lander. Spacecraft: Apollo LM. Crew: Scott . Flight: Apollo 15. EVA Duration: 0.0229 days. Photographed lunar surface panorama from top hatch of LM. References: 66.
1971 July 31 - 00:21 GMT - Launch Site: Kiruna. Launch Complex: C. Launch Pad: -. Launch Vehicle: Belier. Model: Centaure. LV Configuration: Centaure C59/1.
  • ESRO C59/1 Aeronomy mission Nation: Europe. Agency: ESRO. Apogee: 120 km (70 mi). References: 2.
1971 July 31 - 00:44 GMT - Launch Site: Kiruna. Launch Complex: -. Launch Pad: -. Launch Vehicle: Apache. Model: Nike Apache. LV Configuration: Nike Apache NASA 14.468UA.
  • SSC NNA1 Aeronomy mission Nation: USA. Agency: NASA. Apogee: 114 km (70 mi). References: 2.
1971 July 31 - 13:12 GMT -
  • EVA Apollo 15-2 Nation: USA. Program: Apollo. Class: Manned. Type: Lunar lander. Spacecraft: Apollo LM. Crew: Scott, Irwin. Flight: Apollo 15. EVA Duration: 0.27 days. Explored lunar surface near LM and deployed ALSEP unmanned scientific station equipment. References: 66.
1971 July 31 - 23:34 GMT - Launch Site: Kiruna. Launch Complex: -. Launch Pad: -. Launch Vehicle: Apache. Model: Nike Apache. LV Configuration: Nike Apache NASA 14.469UA.
  • SSC NNA2 Aeronomy mission Nation: USA. Agency: NASA. Apogee: 106 km (65 mi). References: 2.
1971 August 1 - Launch Vehicle: Shuttle.
  • Shuttle delta wings Nation: USA. NASA Houston finally abandoned its straight wing design and studied a series of delta wing orbiters with external tanks through the summer of 1971 (MSC-020B, MSC-036, MSC-046, MSC-040). References: 44.
1971 August 1 - 00:09 GMT - Launch Site: Kiruna. Launch Complex: C. Launch Pad: -. Launch Vehicle: Belier. Model: Centaure. LV Configuration: Centaure C59/2.
  • ESRO C59/2 Aeronomy mission Nation: Europe. Agency: ESRO. Apogee: 119 km (73 mi). References: 2.
1971 August 1 - 11:48 GMT - 1971 August 2 -
  • EVA Apollo 15-5 Nation: USA. Program: Apollo. Class: Manned. Type: Lunar lander. Spacecraft: Apollo LM. Crew: Scott, Irwin. Flight: Apollo 15. EVA Duration: 0.0014 days. Threw excess equipment out of LM before lift-off. References: 66.
1971 August 2 -
  • Apollo 15 departs lunar surface Nation: USA. Flight: Apollo 15. Liftoff of the ascent stage of the LM, the first to be televised via the camera on the rover, occurred at 1:11 p.m. EDT. About two hours later the LM and CSM rendezvoused and docked, and film, equipment, and 77 kilograms of lunar samples were transferred from the LM to the CSM. The ascent stage was jettisoned and hit the lunar surface at 11:04 p.m. EDT. Its impact was recorded by the Apollo 12, Apollo 14, and Apollo 15 seismometers, left on the moon during those missions. Additional Details: Apollo 15 departs lunar surface.
1971 August 2 - 08:52 GMT - 1971 August 3 - Launch Site: Vandenberg. Launch Complex: LF07. Launch Pad: -. Launch Vehicle: Minuteman 1. Model: Minuteman 1B.
  • FOT GT96B Follow-on Test launch Nation: USA. Agency: USAF SAC. Apogee: 1,300 km (800 mi). References: 2.
1971 August 3 - 11:00 GMT - Launch Site: Plesetsk. Launch Complex: LC133/1. Launch Pad: -. Launch Vehicle: Kosmos 2. Model: Kosmos 11K63. FAILURE: Second stage failed 204 seconds after launch.
  • DS-P1-Yu s/n 33 Nation: USSR. Program: DS. Payload: DS-P1-Yu. Class: Military. Type: Target. Spacecraft: DS-P1-Yu. Agency: RVSN. COSPAR: F710803A. Development of systems for air defence and the control of outer space. References: 2.
1971 August 4 - Launch Site: Vandenberg. Launch Complex: LF25. Launch Pad: -. Launch Vehicle: Minuteman 2.
  • FOT GT104F-1 Follow-on Test launch Nation: USA. Agency: USAF SAC. Apogee: 1,300 km (800 mi). References: 2.
1971 August 5 - 02:45 GMT - Launch Site: Woomera. Launch Complex: LA2. Launch Pad: LA2 SL. Launch Vehicle: Skylark. Model: Skylark 6 AC. LV Configuration: Skylark 6 AC SL902.
  • Solar spectra Solar ultraviolet mission Nation: UK. Agency: BAC. Apogee: 272 km (169 mi). References: 2.
1971 August 5 - 10:00 GMT - Launch Site: Baikonur. Launch Complex: LC1. Launch Pad: LC1 or LC31. Launch Vehicle: Soyuz. Model: Voskhod 11A57.
  • Cosmos 432 Nation: USSR. Mass: 6,000 kg (13,200 lb). Class: Surveillance. Type: Military. Spacecraft: Zenit-4M. Agency: MOM. Perigee: 200 km (120 mi). Apogee: 252 km (156 mi). Inclination: 51.70 deg. Period: 89.10 min. COSPAR: 1971-066A. USAF Sat Cat: 5379. Duration: 13.00 days. Decay Date: 1971-08-18. High resolution photo reconnaissance satellite; returned film capsule; maneuverable. References: 2, 6.
1971 August 5 - 15:31 GMT -
  • EVA Apollo 15-6 Nation: USA. Program: Apollo. Class: Manned. Type: Lunar spacecraft. Spacecraft: Apollo CSM. Crew: Worden, Irwin. Flight: Apollo 15. EVA Duration: 0.0264 days. Deep space retrieval of film cartridges from Service Module. References: 66.
1971 August 6 - 12:50 GMT - Launch Site: Vandenberg. Launch Complex: LF04. Launch Pad: -. Launch Vehicle: Minuteman 2.
  • OT GT85M operational test launch Nation: USA. Agency: USAF SAC. Apogee: 1,300 km (800 mi). References: 2.
1971 August 7 -
  • Landing of Apollo 15 Nation: USA. Program: Apollo. Flight: Apollo 15. CM and SM separation, parachute deployment, and other reentry events went as planned, but one of the three main parachutes failed, causing a hard but safe landing. Splashdown - at 4:45 p.m. EDT (20:45 GMT), after 12 days 7 hours 12 minutes from launch - was 530 kilometers north of Hawaii and 10 kilometers from the recovery ship U.S.S. Okinawa. The astronauts were carried to the ship by helicopter, and the CM was retrieved and placed on board. All primary mission objectives had been achieved.
1971 August 7 - 00:11 GMT - Launch Site: Vandenberg. Launch Complex: 576A2. Launch Pad: -. Launch Vehicle: Atlas. Model: Atlas F. LV Configuration: Atlas F 76F / OV-1 (2x).
  • OV1-20P Nation: USA. Mass: 70 kg (154 lb). Class: Earth. Type: Magnetosphere. Spacecraft: OV1. Agency: USAF STP. Perigee: 136 km (84 mi). Apogee: 1,932 km (1,200 mi). Inclination: 92.00 deg. Period: 105.90 min. COSPAR: 1971-067A. USAF Sat Cat: 5394. Decay Date: 1971-08-28. Space craft engaged in investigation of spaceflight techniques and technology (US Cat A). References: 2, 6, 278.
  • OV1-21P Nation: USA. Mass: 70 kg (154 lb). Class: Earth. Type: Magnetosphere. Spacecraft: OV1. Agency: USAF STP. Perigee: 778 km (483 mi). Apogee: 896 km (556 mi). Inclination: 87.60 deg. Period: 101.70 min. COSPAR: 1971-067B. USAF Sat Cat: 5397. Space craft engaged in investigation of spaceflight techniques and technology (US Cat A). References: 2, 6, 278.
  • Cannonball 2 Nation: USA. Payload: LOADS 2. Mass: 364 kg (802 lb). Class: Calibration. Spacecraft: Cannonball. Agency: USAF STP. Perigee: 133 km (82 mi). Apogee: 1,970 km (1,220 mi). Inclination: 92.00 deg. Period: 106.30 min. COSPAR: 1971-067C. USAF Sat Cat: 5382. Decay Date: 1972-01-31. Space craft engaged in investigation of spaceflight techniques and technology (US Cat A). References: 2, 6, 278.
  • Musketball 1 Nation: USA. Payload: RTDS. Class: Technology. Spacecraft: Musketball. Agency: USAF STP. Perigee: 134 km (83 mi). Apogee: 859 km (533 mi). Inclination: 87.60 deg. Period: 94.60 min. COSPAR: 1971-067D. USAF Sat Cat: 5383. Decay Date: 1971-09-19. Space craft engaged in investigation of spaceflight techniques and technology (US Cat A). References: 2, 6, 278.
  • Gridsphere 1 Nation: USA. Payload: AVL-802 Grid Sphere 7-1. Mass: 37 kg (81 lb). Class: Technology. Spacecraft: Gridsphere. Agency: USAF. Perigee: 756 km (469 mi). Apogee: 856 km (531 mi). Inclination: 87.60 deg. Period: 101.00 min. COSPAR: 1971-067E. USAF Sat Cat: 5398. Space craft engaged in investigation of spaceflight techniques and technology (US Cat A). References: 2, 6, 278.
  • LCS 4 Nation: USA. Mass: 1.00 kg (2.20 lb). Class: Calibration. Spacecraft: LCS. Agency: USA. Perigee: 779 km (484 mi). Apogee: 910 km (560 mi). Inclination: 87.60 deg. Period: 101.80 min. COSPAR: 1971-067F. USAF Sat Cat: 5396. Decay Date: 1972-06-11. Space craft engaged in investigation of spaceflight techniques and technology (US Cat A). References: 2, 6, 278.
  • Gridsphere 2 Nation: USA. Payload: AVL-802 Grid Sphere 7-2. Mass: 4.00 kg (8.80 lb). Class: Technology. Spacecraft: Gridsphere. Agency: USAF. Perigee: 783 km (486 mi). Apogee: 915 km (568 mi). Inclination: 87.60 deg. Period: 101.90 min. COSPAR: 1971-067G. USAF Sat Cat: 5401. Decay Date: 1979-03-18. Space craft engaged in investigation of spaceflight techniques and technology (US Cat A). References: 2, 6, 278.
  • Rigidsphere Nation: USA. Payload: AVL-802 Rigid Sphere. Mass: 6.00 kg (13.20 lb). Class: Calibration. Spacecraft: Rigidsphere. Agency: USAF. Perigee: 781 km (485 mi). Apogee: 916 km (569 mi). Inclination: 87.60 deg. Period: 101.80 min. COSPAR: 1971-067H. USAF Sat Cat: 5406. Decay Date: 1979-11-02. Space craft engaged in investigation of spaceflight techniques and technology (US Cat A). References: 2, 6, 278.
  • Mylar Balloon Nation: USA. Payload: AVL-802 Mylar Sphere. Mass: 2.00 kg (4.40 lb). Class: Technology. Spacecraft: Mylar. Agency: USAF. Perigee: 791 km (491 mi). Apogee: 912 km (566 mi). Inclination: 87.60 deg. Period: 101.90 min. COSPAR: 1971-067P. USAF Sat Cat: 5410. Decay Date: 1981-09-01. Space craft engaged in investigation of spaceflight techniques and technology (US Cat A). References: 2, 6, 278.
1971 August 7 -
  • Splashdown of Apollo 15 Nation: USA. Flight: Apollo 15. Apollo 15 landed at 20:45 GMT. CM and SM separation, parachute deployment, and other reentry events went as planned, but one of the three main parachutes failed, causing a hard but safe landing. Splashdown - at 20:47 GMT, 12 days 7 hours 12 minutes from launch - was 530 kilometers north of Hawaii and 10 kilometers from the recovery ship U.S.S. Okinawa. The astronauts were carried to the ship by helicopter, and the CM was retrieved and placed on board.
1971 August 8 - 23:45 GMT - Launch Site: Baikonur. Launch Complex: LC191/66. Launch Pad: -. Launch Vehicle: Tsiklon. Model: R-36O 8K69M.
  • Cosmos 433 Nation: USSR. Mass: 1,700 kg (3,700 lb). Class: Military. Type: FOBS. Spacecraft: OGCh. Agency: RVSN. Perigee: 112 km (69 mi). Apogee: 299 km (185 mi). Inclination: 49.40 deg. Period: 88.50 min. COSPAR: 1971-068A. USAF Sat Cat: 5402. Decay Date: 1971-08-09. Fractional Orbital Bombardment System test. References: 2, 6.
1971 August 9 -
  • M2 Flight 24 Nation: USA. Program: NASA Lifting Body. Payload: M2-F3 flight 8. Class: Manned. Type: Spaceplane. Spacecraft: M2-F3. Crew: Dana. Maximum Speed - 1035 kph. Maximum Altitude - 18898 m. Flight Time - 415 sec. References: 49, 97.
1971 August 10 - 02:24 GMT - Launch Site: Syowa Base. Launch Complex: -. Launch Pad: -. Launch Vehicle: S. Model: S-210. LV Configuration: S-210JA-1.
  • Auroral mission Nation: Japan. Agency: NIPR. Apogee: 139 km (86 mi). References: 2.
1971 August 10 - 04:40 GMT - Launch Site: White Sands. Launch Complex: -. Launch Pad: -. Launch Vehicle: Aerobee. Model: Aerobee 170. LV Configuration: Aerobee 170 NASA 13.18DG.
  • NRL NB4.243 Astronomy mission Nation: USA. Agency: NASA. Apogee: 200 km (120 mi). References: 2.
1971 August 10 - 05:30 GMT - Launch Site: White Sands. Launch Complex: -. Launch Pad: -. Launch Vehicle: Aerobee. Model: Aerobee 170A. LV Configuration: Aerobee 170A NASA 13.08GG.
  • Astronomy mission Nation: USA. Agency: NASA. Apogee: 200 km (120 mi). References: 2.
1971 August 12 - 05:30 GMT - Launch Site: Baikonur. Launch Complex: LC31. Launch Pad: -. Launch Vehicle: Soyuz. Model: Soyuz 11A511L.
  • Cosmos 434 Nation: USSR. Program: Lunar L3. Payload: Lunar Craft T2K no. 3. Mass: 5,500 kg (12,100 lb). Class: Manned. Type: Lunar lander. Spacecraft: LK. Agency: MOM. Perigee: 193 km (119 mi). Apogee: 1,253 km (778 mi). Inclination: 51.60 deg. Period: 99.30 min. COSPAR: 1971-069A. USAF Sat Cat: 5407. Duration: 8,296.77 days. Decay Date: 1981-08-22. Final LK moon lander test using the T2K version.
    Maneuver Summary:
    188km X 267km orbit to 190km X 1261km orbit. Delta V: 266 m/s
    188km X 1262km orbit to 180km X 11384km orbit. Delta V: 1333 m/s
    Total Delta V: 1599 m/s. Ten years later the spacecraft was due to re-enter over Australia soon after the Skylab scare. The Soviet Union told the people of Australia not to worry, it was only an experimental lunar cabin - the first inadvertent admission that their manned lunar project even existed! References: 2, 6.
1971 August 12 - 15:30 GMT - Launch Site: Vandenberg. Launch Complex: SLC4W. Launch Pad: -. Launch Vehicle: Titan. Model: Titan 24B. LV Configuration: Titan 24B 24B-1 (3B-32).
  • OPS 8607 Nation: USA. Payload: KH-8 no. 32 / Agena D. Mass: 3,000 kg (6,600 lb). Class: Surveillance. Type: Military. Spacecraft: KH-8. Agency: NRO/USAF. Perigee: 137 km (85 mi). Apogee: 424 km (263 mi). Inclination: 111.00 deg. Period: 90.10 min. COSPAR: 1971-070A. USAF Sat Cat: 5409. Decay Date: 1971-09-03. KH-8 type satellite. Space craft engaged in investigation of spaceflight techniques and technology (US Cat A). References: 2, 6.
1971 August 12 - 21:14 GMT - Launch Site: White Sands. Launch Complex: -. Launch Pad: -. Launch Vehicle: Aerobee. Model: Aerobee 170. LV Configuration: Aerobee 170 NASA 13.62DS.
  • NRL NE4.251 Solar mission Nation: USA. Agency: NASA. Apogee: 200 km (120 mi). References: 2.
1971 August 13 - Launch Site: Vandenberg. Launch Complex: LF05. Launch Pad: -. Launch Vehicle: Minuteman 2.
  • OT GT87M operational test launch Nation: USA. Agency: USAF SAC. Apogee: 1,300 km (800 mi). References: 2.
1971 August 13 - 16:00 GMT - Launch Site: Green River. Launch Complex: -. Launch Pad: -. Launch Vehicle: Athena RTV. Model: Athena H. LV Configuration: Athena H H002.
  • ADE-2 re-entry vehicle test flight Nation: USA. Agency: USAF. Apogee: 200 km (120 mi). References: 2.
1971 August 16 - 16:32 GMT - Launch Site: ETR Launch Area. Launch Complex: -. Launch Pad: -. Launch Vehicle: Poseidon.
  • Demonstration and shakedown operations launch Nation: USA. Agency: USN. Apogee: 500 km (310 mi). References: 2.
1971 August 16 - 18:39 GMT - Launch Site: Wallops Island. Launch Complex: LA3A. Launch Pad: -. Launch Vehicle: Scout. Model: Scout B-1. LV Configuration: Scout B-1-F S180C.
  • Eole 1 Nation: France. Mass: 84 kg (185 lb). Class: Earth. Type: Weather. Spacecraft: Eole. Agency: CNES. Perigee: 651 km (404 mi). Apogee: 836 km (519 mi). Inclination: 50.20 deg. Period: 99.70 min. COSPAR: 1971-071A. USAF Sat Cat: 5435. Experimental weather satellite; received meteorological data from balloon network. Spacecraft engaged in research and exploration of the upper atmosphere or outer space (US Cat B). References: 2, 6.
1971 August 18 - 12:00 GMT - Launch Site: Kagoshima. Launch Complex: -. Launch Pad: -. Launch Vehicle: Kappa. Model: Kappa 9M. LV Configuration: Kappa 9M K-9M-31.
  • X-ray astronomy mission Nation: Japan. Agency: ISAS. Apogee: 330 km (200 mi). References: 2.
1971 August 19 - Launch Site: Baikonur. Launch Complex: LC31. Launch Pad: -. Launch Vehicle: Soyuz. Model: Voskhod 11A57. FAILURE: Failure.
  • Zenit-4M Nation: USSR. Spacecraft: Zenit-4M. Agency: RVSN. COSPAR: F710819A. High resolution photo reconnaissance mission. References: 279.
1971 August 19 - 18:32 GMT - Launch Site: Wallops Island. Launch Complex: -. Launch Pad: -. Launch Vehicle: Viper. Model: Viper-Dart.
  • Aeronomy mission Nation: USA. Apogee: 135 km (83 mi). References: 2.
1971 August 19 - 20:11 GMT - Launch Site: Wallops Island. Launch Complex: -. Launch Pad: -. Launch Vehicle: Apache. Model: Nike Apache. LV Configuration: Nike Apache NASA 14.491GM.
  • Aeronomy mission Nation: USA. Agency: NASA. Apogee: 171 km (106 mi). References: 2.
1971 August 20 - Launch Site: Green River. Launch Complex: Pad 1. Launch Pad: -. Launch Vehicle: Athena RTV. LV Configuration: Athena V131D.
  • Re-entry Vehicle test Nation: USA. Agency: USAF. Apogee: 200 km (120 mi). References: 2.
1971 August 20 - Launch Site: Kagoshima. Launch Complex: L. Launch Pad: -. Launch Vehicle: Lambda. Model: Lambda 4SC. LV Configuration: Lambda 4SC L-4SC-1. FAILURE: Failure.
  • TVC test Nation: Japan. Agency: ISAS. Apogee: 1,500 km (900 mi). References: 2.
1971 August 20 - 04:00 GMT - Launch Site: Kapustin Yar. Launch Complex: V-2. Launch Pad: -. Launch Vehicle: R-5. Model: R-5V.
  • Vertikal-2 Solar Ultraviolet/Solar X-ray mission Nation: USSR. Agency: AN SSSR. Apogee: 500 km (310 mi). References: 2.
1971 August 20 - 07:30 GMT - Launch Site: Wallops Island. Launch Complex: -. Launch Pad: -. Launch Vehicle: Cajun. Model: Nike Cajun. LV Configuration: Nike Cajun NASA 10.390GM.
  • Aeronomy mission Nation: USA. Agency: NASA. Apogee: 132 km (82 mi). References: 2.
1971 August 20 - 07:45 GMT - Launch Site: Wallops Island. Launch Complex: -. Launch Pad: -. Launch Vehicle: Apache. Model: Nike Apache. LV Configuration: Nike Apache NASA 14.492GM.
  • Aeronomy mission Nation: USA. Agency: NASA. Apogee: 180 km (110 mi). References: 2.
1971 August 20 - 09:19 GMT - Launch Site: Wallops Island. Launch Complex: -. Launch Pad: -. Launch Vehicle: Apache. Model: Nike Apache. LV Configuration: Nike Apache NASA 14.475UI.
  • Ionosphere mission Nation: USA. Agency: NASA. Apogee: 193 km (119 mi). References: 2.
1971 August 20 - 09:44 GMT - Launch Site: Wallops Island. Launch Complex: -. Launch Pad: -. Launch Vehicle: Apache. Model: Nike Apache. LV Configuration: Nike Apache NASA 14.476UI.
  • Ionosphere mission Nation: USA. Agency: NASA. Apogee: 198 km (123 mi). References: 2.
1971 August 20 - 10:14 GMT - Launch Site: Wallops Island. Launch Complex: -. Launch Pad: -. Launch Vehicle: Apache. Model: Nike Apache. LV Configuration: Nike Apache NASA 14.477UI.
  • Ionosphere mission Nation: USA. Agency: NASA. Apogee: 200 km (120 mi). References: 2.
1971 August 20 - 12:10 GMT - Launch Site: Kagoshima. Launch Complex: -. Launch Pad: -. Launch Vehicle: Kappa. Model: Kappa 10. LV Configuration: Kappa 10 K-10-7.
  • Optical astronomy mission Nation: Japan. Agency: ISAS. Apogee: 274 km (170 mi). References: 2.
1971 August 20 - 19:56 GMT - Launch Site: Wallops Island. Launch Complex: -. Launch Pad: -. Launch Vehicle: Cajun. Model: Nike Cajun. LV Configuration: Nike Cajun NASA 10.389GM.
  • Aeronomy mission Nation: USA. Agency: NASA. Apogee: 125 km (77 mi). References: 2.
1971 August 22 - 02:34 GMT - Launch Site: Sonde Stromfjord. Launch Complex: -. Launch Pad: -. Launch Vehicle: Apache. Model: Nike Apache.
  • Ionosphere mission Nation: Denmark. Agency: Denmark. Apogee: 223 km (138 mi). References: 2.
1971 August 23 - Launch Site: ETR Launch Area. Launch Complex: -. Launch Pad: -. Launch Vehicle: Polaris. Model: Polaris A2.
  • Follow-on operational missile test Nation: USA. Agency: USN. Apogee: 1,000 km (600 mi). References: 2.
1971 August 23 - Launch Site: ETR Launch Area. Launch Complex: -. Launch Pad: -. Launch Vehicle: Polaris. Model: Polaris A2.
  • Follow-on operational missile test Nation: USA. Agency: USN. Apogee: 1,000 km (600 mi). References: 2.
1971 August 23 - Launch Site: ETR Launch Area. Launch Complex: -. Launch Pad: -. Launch Vehicle: Polaris. Model: Polaris A2.
  • Follow-on operational missile test Nation: USA. Agency: USN. Apogee: 1,000 km (600 mi). References: 2.
1971 August 24 - 02:24 GMT - Launch Site: Sonde Stromfjord. Launch Complex: -. Launch Pad: -. Launch Vehicle: Apache. Model: Nike Apache.
  • Ionosphere mission Nation: Denmark. Agency: Denmark. Apogee: 223 km (138 mi). References: 2.
1971 August 24 - 09:05 GMT - Launch Site: Woomera. Launch Complex: LA2. Launch Pad: -. Launch Vehicle: Cockatoo. LV Configuration: Cockatoo 1017.
  • Aeronomy mission Nation: Australia. Agency: WRE. Apogee: 100 km (60 mi). References: 2.
1971 August 25 -
  • M2 Flight 25 Nation: USA. Program: NASA Lifting Body. Payload: M2-F3 flight 9. Class: Manned. Type: Spaceplane. Spacecraft: M2-F3. Crew: Dana. First M2-F3 supersonic flight. Maximum Speed - 1163 kph. Maximum Altitude - 20513 m. Flight Time - 390 sec. References: 49, 97.
1971 August 25 - 05:40 GMT - Launch Site: Kagoshima. Launch Complex: -. Launch Pad: -. Launch Vehicle: Kappa. Model: Kappa 9M. LV Configuration: Kappa 9M K-9M-36. FAILURE: Failure.
  • Ionosphere mission Nation: Japan. Agency: ISAS. Apogee: 0 km ( mi). References: 2.
1971 August 26 - 10:35 GMT - Launch Site: Kagoshima. Launch Complex: -. Launch Pad: -. Launch Vehicle: Kappa. Model: Kappa 9M. LV Configuration: Kappa 9M K-9M-33.
  • Cs / Ba Release Ionosphere mission Nation: Japan. Agency: ISAS. Apogee: 340 km (210 mi). References: 2.
1971 August 27 - Launch Site: Kwajalein. Launch Complex: Meck. Launch Pad: -. Launch Vehicle: Spartan. LV Configuration: Spartan ABM 800031.
  • Safeguard M2-1 Interceptor mission Nation: USA. Agency: USA. Apogee: 123 km (76 mi). References: 2.
1971 August 27 - 10:54 GMT - Launch Site: Plesetsk. Launch Complex: LC133/1. Launch Pad: -. Launch Vehicle: Kosmos 2. Model: Kosmos 11K63.
  • Cosmos 435 Nation: USSR. Program: DS. Payload: DS-P1-Yu s/n 41. Mass: 325 kg (716 lb). Class: Military. Type: Target. Spacecraft: DS-P1-Yu. Agency: MO SSSR. Perigee: 271 km (168 mi). Apogee: 478 km (297 mi). Inclination: 70.90 deg. Period: 92.00 min. COSPAR: 1971-072A. USAF Sat Cat: 5441. Completed Operations Date: 1972-01-28. Decay Date: 1972-01-28. Development of systems for air defence and the control of outer space. References: 2, 6, 99.
1971 August 28 - 02:22 GMT - Launch Site: Vandenberg. Launch Complex: 395-C. Launch Pad: -. Launch Vehicle: Titan. Model: Titan 2. LV Configuration: Titan II B-100.
  • SSTTP M2-1 test Nation: USA. Agency: USAF SAC. Apogee: 1,300 km (800 mi). References: 2.
1971 September 1 -
  • Soviet-Indian collaboration to build a new satellite. Nation: USSR. Spacecraft: Bhaskara. Decree 'On co-operation to build an Indian satellite' was issued. References: 474.
1971 September 1 - Launch Site: Vandenberg. Launch Complex: 576A1. Launch Pad: -. Launch Vehicle: Atlas. Model: Atlas F. LV Configuration: Atlas F 74F.
  • ABRES LAR-2 re-entry vehicle test flight Nation: USA. Agency: USAF AFSC. Apogee: 1,400 km (800 mi). References: 2.
1971 September 1 - Launch Site: ETR Launch Area. Launch Complex: -. Launch Pad: -. Launch Vehicle: Polaris. Model: Polaris A2.
  • Follow-on operational missile test Nation: USA. Agency: USN. Apogee: 1,000 km (600 mi). References: 2.
1971 September 1 - Launch Site: ETR Launch Area. Launch Complex: -. Launch Pad: -. Launch Vehicle: Polaris. Model: Polaris A2.
  • Follow-on operational missile test Nation: USA. Agency: USN. Apogee: 1,000 km (600 mi). References: 2.
1971 September 1 - Launch Site: ETR Launch Area. Launch Complex: -. Launch Pad: -. Launch Vehicle: Polaris. Model: Polaris A2.
  • Follow-on operational missile test Nation: USA. Agency: USN. Apogee: 1,000 km (600 mi). References: 2.
1971 September 1 - Launch Site: ETR Launch Area. Launch Complex: -. Launch Pad: -. Launch Vehicle: Polaris. Model: Polaris A2.
  • Follow-on operational missile test Nation: USA. Agency: USN. Apogee: 1,000 km (600 mi). References: 2.
1971 September 1 - Launch Site: ETR Launch Area. Launch Complex: -. Launch Pad: -. Launch Vehicle: Polaris. Model: Polaris A2.
  • Follow-on operational missile test Nation: USA. Agency: USN. Apogee: 1,000 km (600 mi). References: 2.
Fall 1971 - Launch Vehicle: Shuttle.
  • Delta wing selected for shuttle Nation: USA. NASA, taking note of the criticisms of the Faget straight-wing design by NASA Flight Research Center and the US Air Force, officially selected a delta wing configuration as the most stable and the one best able to meet the USAF cross-range requirement. But NASA Houston stubbornly continued to push the configuration anyway - even after its own studies showed the orbiter would have a tendency to spin at hypersonic speeds and couldn't take the thermal environment on re-entry. Houston refused to give up, and continued to tinker with aspect ratio, wing sweep, and tail location, reaching the 43th design iteration - MSC-043 - at the end of 1971. One of the alternatives studied was the 'Blue Goose' design of 1970, perhaps the ugliest spacecraft ever conceived. The wing of the long-necked abomination shifted 3.7 m during flight to compensate for centre of gravity changes. The payload bay was forward, followed by the liquid oxygen, then the liquid hydrogen tank. The design was found to have *extreme* aerodynamic heating and structural problems! References: 44.
1971 September 1 - 02:10 GMT - Launch Site: Kagoshima. Launch Complex: -. Launch Pad: -. Launch Vehicle: Kappa. Model: Kappa 10. LV Configuration: Kappa 10 K-10-6.
  • Solar ultraviolet Solar ultraviolet mission Nation: Japan. Agency: ISAS. Apogee: 228 km (141 mi). References: 2.
1971 September 2 - Launch Site: ETR Launch Area. Launch Complex: -. Launch Pad: -. Launch Vehicle: Polaris. Model: Polaris A2.
  • Follow-on operational missile test Nation: USA. Agency: USN. Apogee: 1,000 km (600 mi). References: 2.
1971 September 2 - Launch Site: ETR Launch Area. Launch Complex: -. Launch Pad: -. Launch Vehicle: Polaris. Model: Polaris A2.
  • Follow-on operational missile test Nation: USA. Agency: USN. Apogee: 1,000 km (600 mi). References: 2.
1971 September 2 - Launch Site: Vandenberg. Launch Complex: LF04. Launch Pad: -. Launch Vehicle: Minuteman 2.
  • OT GT29M operational test launch Nation: USA. Agency: USAF SAC. Apogee: 1,300 km (800 mi). References: 2.
1971 September 2 - 07:58 GMT - Launch Site: Fort Churchill. Launch Complex: -. Launch Pad: -. Launch Vehicle: Apache. Model: Nike Apache. LV Configuration: Nike Apache NASA 14.434GE.
  • PCA particles Plasma mission Nation: USA. Agency: NASA. Apogee: 160 km (90 mi). References: 2.
1971 September 2 - 13:40 GMT - Launch Site: Baikonur. Launch Complex: LC81/24. Launch Pad: -. Launch Vehicle: Proton. Model: Proton-K/D. LV Configuration: Proton-K/D 256-01.
  • Luna 18 Nation: USSR. Program: Luna. Payload: Ye-8-5 s/n 407. Mass: 5,600 kg (12,300 lb). Class: Planetary. Type: Lunar. Spacecraft: Luna Ye-8-5. Agency: MOM. Perigee: 100 km (60 mi). Apogee: 100 km (60 mi). Inclination: 35.00 deg. Period: 119.00 min. COSPAR: 1971-073A. USAF Sat Cat: 5448. Decay Date: 1971-09-11. Attempted lunar soil return mission; crashed while attempting to soft land at Latitude 3.57 N, Longitude 50.50 E - Mare Fecunditatis. Luna 18 used a new method of navigation in lunar orbit and for landing. The spacecraft's designer, Babakhin, had died at age 56 only the month before. Luna 18 successfully reached earth parking orbit before being put on a translunar trajectory. On September 7, 1971, it entered lunar orbit. The spacecraft completed 85 communications sessions and 54 lunar orbits before it was sent towards the lunar surface by use of braking rockets. It impacted the Moon on September 11, 1971, in a rugged mountainous terrain. Signals ceased at the moment of impact. Parameters are for lunar orbit. References: 2, 6, 67, 274, 296, 445.
1971 September 3 - Launch Site: Vandenberg. Launch Complex: LF02. Launch Pad: -. Launch Vehicle: Minuteman 3.
  • OT GT05GM operational test launch Nation: USA. Agency: USAF SAC. Apogee: 1,300 km (800 mi). References: 2.
1971 September 3 - 12:00 GMT - Launch Site: Kagoshima. Launch Complex: L. Launch Pad: -. Launch Vehicle: Lambda. Model: Lambda 3H. LV Configuration: Lambda 3H L-3H-7.
  • Aeronomy / ionosphere / x-ray astronomy mission Nation: Japan. Agency: ISAS. Apogee: 1,718 km (1,067 mi). References: 2.
1971 September 4 - 13:52 GMT - Launch Site: Resolute Bay. Launch Complex: -. Launch Pad: -. Launch Vehicle: Black Brant. Model: Black Brant 3B. LV Configuration: Black Brant IIIB NASA 22.01UE.
  • Plasma mission Nation: USA. Agency: NASA. Apogee: 150 km (90 mi). References: 2.
1971 September 5 - 13:44 GMT - Launch Site: Resolute Bay. Launch Complex: -. Launch Pad: -. Launch Vehicle: Black Brant. Model: Black Brant 3. LV Configuration: Black Brant III NASA 22.02UE.
  • Plasma mission Nation: USA. Agency: NASA. Apogee: 150 km (90 mi). References: 2.
1971 September 7 - 01:15 GMT - Launch Site: Plesetsk. Launch Complex: LC132/2. Launch Pad: -. Launch Vehicle: Kosmos 3. Model: Kosmos 11K65M. LV Configuration: Kosmos 11K65M Yu149-42.
  • Cosmos 436 Nation: USSR. Program: Tselina. Mass: 875 kg (1,929 lb). Class: Sigint. Spacecraft: Tselina-O. Agency: MO SSSR. Perigee: 510 km (310 mi). Apogee: 543 km (337 mi). Inclination: 74.00 deg. Period: 95.10 min. COSPAR: 1971-074A. USAF Sat Cat: 5461. Decay Date: 1980-01-04. Possible ELINT satellite. References: 2, 6.
1971 September 7 - 23:57 GMT - Launch Site: Wallops Island. Launch Complex: -. Launch Pad: -. Launch Vehicle: Apache. Model: Nike Apache. LV Configuration: Nike Apache NASA 14.493CA.
  • Aeronomy mission Nation: USA. Agency: NASA. Apogee: 176 km (109 mi). References: 2.
1971 September 8 - Launch Site: Vandenberg. Launch Complex: LF07. Launch Pad: -. Launch Vehicle: Minuteman 1. Model: Minuteman 1B.
  • FOT GT97B-1 Follow-on Test launch Nation: USA. Agency: USAF SAC. Apogee: 1,300 km (800 mi). References: 2.
1971 September 9 - Launch Site: Baikonur. Launch Complex: LC142/34. Launch Pad: -. Launch Vehicle: Tsiklon. Model: R-36 8K67M.
  • Combat training launch Nation: USSR. Agency: RVSN. Apogee: 1,000 km (600 mi). References: 2.
1971 September 10 - Launch Site: Jiuquan. Launch Complex: LA2B. Launch Pad: -. Launch Vehicle: CZ. Model: DF-5.
  • Nation: China. Agency: PRC. Apogee: 1,000 km (600 mi). Research and Development Suborbital Flight References: 2.
1971 September 10 - 03:37 GMT - Launch Site: Plesetsk. Launch Complex: LC132/2. Launch Pad: -. Launch Vehicle: Kosmos 3. Model: Kosmos 11K65M. LV Configuration: Kosmos 11K65M 65014-106.
  • Cosmos 437 Nation: USSR. Program: Tselina. Mass: 875 kg (1,929 lb). Class: Sigint. Spacecraft: Tselina-O. Agency: MO SSSR. Perigee: 517 km (321 mi). Apogee: 539 km (334 mi). Inclination: 74.00 deg. Period: 95.20 min. COSPAR: 1971-075A. USAF Sat Cat: 5466. Decay Date: 1980-03-29. Replaced Cosmos 436. Possible ELINT satellite. References: 2, 6.
1971 September 10 - 06:47 GMT - Launch Site: Tanegashima. Launch Complex: T. Launch Pad: -. Launch Vehicle: Lambda. Model: LS-C. LV Configuration: LS-C-5.
  • Test mission Nation: Japan. Agency: NASDA. Apogee: 100 km (60 mi). References: 2.
1971 September 10 - 11:00 GMT - Launch Site: Vandenberg. Launch Complex: LF05. Launch Pad: -. Launch Vehicle: Minuteman 2.
  • OT GT89M operational test launch Nation: USA. Agency: USAF SAC. Apogee: 1,300 km (800 mi). References: 2.
1971 September 10 - 21:33 GMT - Launch Site: Vandenberg. Launch Complex: SLC3W. Launch Pad: -. Launch Vehicle: Delta. Model: Thorad SLV-2H Agena D. LV Configuration: Thorad SLV-2H Agena D 567 / Agena D 1662.
  • KH-4B 1115 Nation: USA. Payload: KH-4B s/n 1115 / Agena D 1662. Mass: 2,000 kg (4,400 lb). Class: Surveillance. Type: Military. Spacecraft: KH-4B. Agency: NRO/CIA. Perigee: 157 km (97 mi). Apogee: 234 km (145 mi). Inclination: 74.90 deg. Period: 88.30 min. COSPAR: 1971-076A. USAF Sat Cat: 5468. Decay Date: 1971-10-05. KH-4B. Overall image quality is good. References: 2, 6.
  • SRV 831 Nation: USA. Payload: SRV 1115-1. Mass: 60 kg (132 lb). Spacecraft: KH-4B. Agency: NRO/USAF. Perigee: 489 km (303 mi). Apogee: 516 km (320 mi). Inclination: 75.00 deg. Period: 94.70 min. COSPAR: 1971-076B. USAF Sat Cat: 5469. Decay Date: 1976-02-03. Radar monitoring. References: 2, 6, 172.
  • OPS 7681 Nation: USA. Payload: EHH B21. Class: Sigint. Spacecraft: SSF. Agency: USAF. COSPAR: 1971-076xx. USAF Sat Cat: 5469. Decay Date: 1976-02-03. References: 2, 279.
1971 September 11 - 01:45 GMT - Launch Site: Tanegashima. Launch Complex: T. Launch Pad: -. Launch Vehicle: S. Model: S-B. LV Configuration: S-B SB-III A15.
  • Test mission Nation: Japan. Agency: STA. Apogee: 75 km (46 mi). References: 2.
1971 September 12 - Launch Vehicle: Shuttle.
  • Shuttle Phase B-Prime Nation: USA. The Phase B contractors, plus Grumman/Boeing and Lockheed, are given further study contracts to produce shuttle designs based on the expendable external tank approach. Lockheed was asked to evaluate the NASA Houston design using an MSC-040 configuration orbiter, external tank, including the MSC040C using three high-performance engines. While the USAF was driving the shuttle design criteria, it had so far not committed to any significant funding for the shuttle. The USAF contribution was limited to allowing NASA use the government-owned Plant 42 at Palmdale, paying for any launch facilities at Vandenberg AFB needed for USAF launches, and providing flight test support at Edwards AFB. References: 44.
1971 September 12 -
  • Death of Lin Bao Nation: China. Lin Bao and his entourage are killed when their aircraft crashes, purportedly while trying to leave the country. Wang Bingzhang was associated with the coup plotters, and sent to prison for several years.
1971 September 13 - Launch Site: Kourou. Launch Complex: ALFS. Launch Pad: -. Launch Vehicle: Belier. Model: Centaure 1. LV Configuration: Centaure 1 C133.
  • CNES C133 Aeronomy mission Nation: France. Agency: CNES. Apogee: 150 km (90 mi). References: 2.
1971 September 13 - 21:50 GMT - Launch Site: Syowa Base. Launch Complex: -. Launch Pad: -. Launch Vehicle: S. Model: S-210. LV Configuration: S-210JA-5.
  • Auroral mission Nation: Japan. Agency: NIPR. Apogee: 115 km (71 mi). References: 2.
1971 September 14 - 04:20 GMT - Launch Site: Kourou. Launch Complex: ALFS. Launch Pad: -. Launch Vehicle: Stromboli. Model: Dauphin. LV Configuration: Dauphin DA005.
  • PHARE (FU-196) Aeronomy mission Nation: France. Agency: CNES. Apogee: 103 km (64 mi). References: 2.
1971 September 14 - 13:00 GMT - Launch Site: Plesetsk. Launch Complex: -. Launch Pad: -. Launch Vehicle: Soyuz. Model: Voskhod 11A57.
  • Cosmos 438 Nation: USSR. Mass: 6,300 kg (13,800 lb). Class: Surveillance. Type: Military. Spacecraft: Zenit-4MK. Agency: MOM. Perigee: 205 km (127 mi). Apogee: 279 km (173 mi). Inclination: 65.40 deg. Period: 89.30 min. COSPAR: 1971-077A. USAF Sat Cat: 5475. Duration: 13.00 days. Decay Date: 1971-09-27. High resolution photo reconnaissance satellite; returned film capsule; maneuverable. References: 2, 6.
1971 September 14 - 19:10 GMT - Launch Site: Kapustin Yar. Launch Complex: V-2. Launch Pad: -. Launch Vehicle: MR-12.
  • Aeronomy mission Nation: USSR. Apogee: 165 km (102 mi). References: 2.
1971 September 14 - 22:40 GMT - Launch Site: Kapustin Yar. Launch Complex: V-2. Launch Pad: -. Launch Vehicle: MR-12.
  • Aeronomy mission Nation: USSR. Apogee: 165 km (102 mi). References: 2.
1971 September 15 - 17:00 GMT - Launch Site: Kapustin Yar. Launch Complex: V-2. Launch Pad: -. Launch Vehicle: MR-12.
  • Aeronomy mission Nation: USSR. Apogee: 165 km (102 mi). References: 2.
1971 September 15 - 19:18 GMT - Launch Site: Kapustin Yar. Launch Complex: V-2. Launch Pad: -. Launch Vehicle: MR-12.
  • Aeronomy mission Nation: USSR. Apogee: 165 km (102 mi). References: 2.
1971 September 16 - 09:56 GMT - Launch Site: Wallops Island. Launch Complex: -. Launch Pad: -. Launch Vehicle: Apache. Model: Nike Apache. LV Configuration: Nike Apache NASA 14.494CA.
  • Aeronomy mission Nation: USA. Agency: NASA. Apogee: 175 km (108 mi). References: 2.
1971 September 17 - 05:00 GMT - Launch Site: Green River. Launch Complex: Pad 3. Launch Pad: -. Launch Vehicle: Athena RTV. LV Configuration: Athena V126D.
  • Re-entry Vehicle test Nation: USA. Agency: USAF. Apogee: 200 km (120 mi). References: 2.
1971 September 17 - 06:40 GMT - Launch Site: Tanegashima. Launch Complex: T. Launch Pad: -. Launch Vehicle: S. Model: JCR. LV Configuration: JCR-6.
  • Test mission Nation: Japan. Agency: NASDA. Apogee: 200 km (120 mi). References: 2.
1971 September 19 - 21:56 GMT - Launch Site: Kourou. Launch Complex: ALFS. Launch Pad: -. Launch Vehicle: Cajun. Model: Nike Cajun. LV Configuration: Nike Cajun NASA 10.348GM.
  • Aeronomy mission Nation: USA. Agency: NASA. Apogee: 125 km (77 mi). References: 2.
1971 September 19 - 22:00 GMT - Launch Site: Kourou. Launch Complex: ALFS. Launch Pad: -. Launch Vehicle: Belier. Model: Centaure 1. LV Configuration: Centaure 1 C146.
  • CNES C146 Aeronomy mission Nation: France. Agency: CNES. Apogee: 150 km (90 mi). References: 2.
1971 September 19 - 22:00 GMT - Launch Site: Kourou. Launch Complex: ALFS. Launch Pad: -. Launch Vehicle: Belier. Model: Centaure 1. LV Configuration: Centaure 1 C132.
  • CNES C132 Aeronomy mission Nation: France. Agency: CNES. Apogee: 150 km (90 mi). References: 2.
1971 September 20 - 03:30 GMT - Launch Site: Kourou. Launch Complex: ALFS. Launch Pad: -. Launch Vehicle: Cajun. Model: Nike Cajun. LV Configuration: Nike Cajun NASA 10.349GM.
  • Aeronomy mission Nation: USA. Agency: NASA. Apogee: 122 km (75 mi). References: 2.
1971 September 20 - 06:15 GMT - Launch Site: Kourou. Launch Complex: ALFS. Launch Pad: -. Launch Vehicle: Cajun. Model: Nike Cajun. LV Configuration: Nike Cajun NASA 10.354GM.
  • Aeronomy mission Nation: USA. Agency: NASA. Apogee: 115 km (71 mi). References: 2.
1971 September 20 - 09:18 GMT - Launch Site: Woomera. Launch Complex: LA2. Launch Pad: -. Launch Vehicle: Cockatoo. LV Configuration: Cockatoo 1018.
  • Aeronomy mission Nation: Australia. Agency: WRE. Apogee: 100 km (60 mi). References: 2.
1971 September 20 - 09:30 GMT - Launch Site: Kourou. Launch Complex: ALFS. Launch Pad: -. Launch Vehicle: Cajun. Model: Nike Cajun. LV Configuration: Nike Cajun NASA 10.352GM.
  • Aeronomy mission Nation: USA. Agency: NASA. Apogee: 117 km (72 mi). References: 2.
1971 September 20 - 14:45 GMT - Launch Site: Kourou. Launch Complex: ALFS. Launch Pad: -. Launch Vehicle: Cajun. Model: Nike Cajun. LV Configuration: Nike Cajun NASA 10.350GM.
  • Aeronomy mission Nation: USA. Agency: NASA. Apogee: 118 km (73 mi). References: 2.
1971 September 20 - 19:00 GMT - Launch Site: Kourou. Launch Complex: ALFS. Launch Pad: -. Launch Vehicle: Cajun. Model: Nike Cajun. LV Configuration: Nike Cajun NASA 10.353GM.
  • Aeronomy mission Nation: USA. Agency: NASA. Apogee: 116 km (72 mi). References: 2.
1971 September 20 - 23:31 GMT - Launch Site: Wallops Island. Launch Complex: LA3A. Launch Pad: -. Launch Vehicle: Scout. Model: Scout B. LV Configuration: Scout B S166C.
  • BIC Plasma / barium release mission Nation: USA. Agency: NASA. Apogee: 31,479 km (19,560 mi). References: 2.
1971 September 21 - 00:05 GMT - Launch Site: Kourou. Launch Complex: ALFS. Launch Pad: -. Launch Vehicle: Cajun. Model: Nike Cajun. LV Configuration: Nike Cajun NASA 10.355GM.
  • Aeronomy mission Nation: USA. Agency: NASA. Apogee: 117 km (72 mi). References: 2.
1971 September 21 - 04:50 GMT - Launch Site: Kourou. Launch Complex: ALFS. Launch Pad: -. Launch Vehicle: Cajun. Model: Nike Cajun. LV Configuration: Nike Cajun NASA 10.356GM.
  • Aeronomy mission Nation: USA. Agency: NASA. Apogee: 114 km (70 mi). References: 2.
1971 September 21 - 09:14 GMT - Launch Site: Kourou. Launch Complex: ALFS. Launch Pad: -. Launch Vehicle: Cajun. Model: Nike Cajun. LV Configuration: Nike Cajun NASA 10.357GM.
  • Aeronomy mission Nation: USA. Agency: NASA. Apogee: 118 km (73 mi). References: 2.
1971 September 21 - 10:30 GMT - Launch Site: White Sands. Launch Complex: -. Launch Pad: -. Launch Vehicle: Nike. Model: Nike Iroquois. LV Configuration: Nike Iroquois CRL A07.017-1.
  • Density Aeronomy mission Nation: USA. Agency: AFCRL. Apogee: 167 km (103 mi). References: 2.
1971 September 21 - 12:00 GMT - Launch Site: Plesetsk. Launch Complex: -. Launch Pad: -. Launch Vehicle: Soyuz. Model: Voskhod 11A57.
  • Cosmos 439 Nation: USSR. Mass: 6,000 kg (13,200 lb). Class: Surveillance. Type: Military. Spacecraft: Zenit-2M. Agency: MOM. Perigee: 226 km (140 mi). Apogee: 263 km (163 mi). Inclination: 65.40 deg. Period: 89.40 min. COSPAR: 1971-078A. USAF Sat Cat: 5478. Duration: 11.00 days. Decay Date: 1971-10-02. Area survey photo reconnaissance satellite; returned film capsule. References: 2, 6.
1971 September 21 - 14:00 GMT - Launch Site: Kourou. Launch Complex: ALFS. Launch Pad: -. Launch Vehicle: Cajun. Model: Nike Cajun. LV Configuration: Nike Cajun NASA 10.358GM.
  • Aeronomy mission Nation: USA. Agency: NASA. Apogee: 118 km (73 mi). References: 2.
1971 September 21 - 18:40 GMT - Launch Site: Kourou. Launch Complex: ALFS. Launch Pad: -. Launch Vehicle: Cajun. Model: Nike Cajun. LV Configuration: Nike Cajun NASA 10.359GM.
  • Aeronomy mission Nation: USA. Agency: NASA. Apogee: 116 km (72 mi). References: 2.
1971 September 21 - 23:40 GMT - Launch Site: Kourou. Launch Complex: ALFS. Launch Pad: -. Launch Vehicle: Cajun. Model: Nike Cajun. LV Configuration: Nike Cajun NASA 10.360GM.
  • Aeronomy mission Nation: USA. Agency: NASA. Apogee: 116 km (72 mi). References: 2.
1971 September 22 - 03:50 GMT - Launch Site: Kourou. Launch Complex: ALFS. Launch Pad: -. Launch Vehicle: Cajun. Model: Nike Cajun. LV Configuration: Nike Cajun NASA 10.351GM.
  • Aeronomy mission Nation: USA. Agency: NASA. Apogee: 118 km (73 mi). References: 2.
1971 September 22 - 12:41 GMT - Launch Site: South Uist. Launch Complex: -. Launch Pad: -. Launch Vehicle: Petrel. Model: Petrel 1. LV Configuration: Petrel P121H.
  • Solar La / X / ne Ionosphere-solar mission Ionosphere-solar mission Nation: UK. Agency: SRC. Apogee: 138 km (85 mi). References: 2.
1971 September 24 -
  • M2 Flight 26 Nation: USA. Program: NASA Lifting Body. Payload: M2-F3 flight 10. Class: Manned. Type: Spaceplane. Spacecraft: M2-F3. Crew: Dana. Maximum Speed - 772 kph. Maximum Altitude - 12802 m. Flight Time - 210 sec. References: 49, 97.
1971 September 24 - Launch Site: Kapustin Yar. Launch Complex: V-2. Launch Pad: -. Launch Vehicle: R-5. Model: R-5V.
  • Ionosphere mission Nation: USSR. Agency: AN SSSR. Apogee: 500 km (310 mi). References: 2.
1971 September 24 - 09:45 GMT - Launch Site: Kapustin Yar. Launch Complex: V-2. Launch Pad: -. Launch Vehicle: MR-12.
  • Ionosphere mission Nation: USSR. Apogee: 165 km (102 mi). References: 2.
1971 September 24 - 10:30 GMT - Launch Site: Plesetsk. Launch Complex: LC133/1. Launch Pad: -. Launch Vehicle: Kosmos 2. Model: Kosmos 11K63.
  • Cosmos 440 Nation: USSR. Program: DS. Payload: DS-P1-I s/n 10. Mass: 300 kg (660 lb). Class: Military. Type: Target. Spacecraft: DS-P1-I. Agency: MO SSSR. Perigee: 272 km (169 mi). Apogee: 788 km (489 mi). Inclination: 70.90 deg. Period: 95.20 min. COSPAR: 1971-079A. USAF Sat Cat: 5480. Completed Operations Date: 1972-01-20. Decay Date: 1972-10-29. Operational radar target for the ABM forces. References: 2, 6, 99.
1971 September 24 - 11:15 GMT - Launch Site: Kapustin Yar. Launch Complex: V-2. Launch Pad: -. Launch Vehicle: MR-12.
  • Ionosphere mission Nation: USSR. Apogee: 165 km (102 mi). References: 2.
1971 September 24 - 12:45 GMT - Launch Site: Kapustin Yar. Launch Complex: V-2. Launch Pad: -. Launch Vehicle: MR-12.
  • Ionosphere mission Nation: USSR. Apogee: 165 km (102 mi). References: 2.
1971 September 24 - 17:26 GMT - Launch Site: South Uist. Launch Complex: -. Launch Pad: -. Launch Vehicle: Petrel. Model: Petrel 1. LV Configuration: Petrel P122H.
  • Solar La / X / ne Ionosphere-solar mission Ionosphere-solar mission Nation: UK. Agency: SRC. Apogee: 125 km (77 mi). References: 2.
1971 September 24 - 21:08 GMT - Launch Site: Syowa Base. Launch Complex: -. Launch Pad: -. Launch Vehicle: S. Model: S-210. LV Configuration: S-210JA-2.
  • Auroral mission Nation: Japan. Agency: NIPR. Apogee: 138 km (85 mi). References: 2.
1971 September 25 - 02:53 GMT - Launch Site: Kapustin Yar. Launch Complex: V-2. Launch Pad: -. Launch Vehicle: MR-12.
  • Plasma mission Nation: USSR. Apogee: 165 km (102 mi). References: 2.
1971 September 25 - 13:17 GMT - Launch Site: Kapustin Yar. Launch Complex: V-2. Launch Pad: -. Launch Vehicle: MR-12.
  • Ionosphere mission Nation: USSR. Apogee: 165 km (102 mi). References: 2.
1971 September 27 - 02:30 GMT - Launch Site: Woomera. Launch Complex: LA2. Launch Pad: LA2 SL. Launch Vehicle: Skylark. Model: Skylark 6 AC. LV Configuration: Skylark 6 AC SL1002.
  • GX3+1 Lunar Occultation X-ray astronomy mission Nation: UK. Agency: BAC. Apogee: 224 km (139 mi). References: 2.
1971 September 27 - 10:30 GMT - Launch Site: White Sands. Launch Complex: -. Launch Pad: -. Launch Vehicle: Nike. Model: Nike Iroquois. LV Configuration: Nike Iroquois CRL A07.914-1.
  • Density Aeronomy mission Nation: USA. Agency: AFCRL. Apogee: 170 km (100 mi). References: 2.
1971 September 27 - 13:17 GMT - Launch Site: Kapustin Yar. Launch Complex: V-2. Launch Pad: -. Launch Vehicle: MR-12.
  • Ionosphere mission Nation: USSR. Apogee: 150 km (90 mi). References: 2.
1971 September 28 - 04:00 GMT - Launch Site: Kagoshima. Launch Complex: M. Launch Pad: -. Launch Vehicle: Mu. Model: Mu-4S. LV Configuration: Mu-4S M-4S-3.
  • SS-01 Shinsei Nation: Japan. Payload: MS-F2. Mass: 65 kg (143 lb). Class: Earth. Type: Magnetosphere. Spacecraft: SS. Agency: ISAS. Perigee: 872 km (541 mi). Apogee: 1,866 km (1,159 mi). Inclination: 32.00 deg. Period: 113.10 min. COSPAR: 1971-080A. USAF Sat Cat: 5485. Scientific observations in outer space. Injection point 29 deg 7 min N, 145 deg 8 min E. References: 2, 6.
1971 September 28 - 07:40 GMT - Launch Site: Baikonur. Launch Complex: LC1. Launch Pad: LC1 or LC31. Launch Vehicle: Soyuz. Model: Voskhod 11A57.
  • Cosmos 441 Nation: USSR. Mass: 6,300 kg (13,800 lb). Class: Surveillance. Type: Military. Spacecraft: Zenit-4M. Agency: MOM. Perigee: 207 km (128 mi). Apogee: 266 km (165 mi). Inclination: 65.00 deg. Period: 89.20 min. COSPAR: 1971-081A. USAF Sat Cat: 5486. Duration: 12.00 days. Decay Date: 1971-10-10. High resolution photo reconnaissance satellite; returned film capsule; maneuverable. References: 2, 6.
1971 September 28 - 10:00 GMT - Launch Site: Baikonur. Launch Complex: LC81/24. Launch Pad: -. Launch Vehicle: Proton. Model: Proton-K/D. LV Configuration: Proton-K/D 257-01.
  • Luna 19 Nation: USSR. Program: Luna. Payload: Ye-8-LS s/n 202. Mass: 5,810 kg (12,800 lb). Class: Planetary. Type: Lunar. Spacecraft: Luna Ye-8-LS. Agency: MOM. Perigee: 140 km (80 mi). Apogee: 140 km (80 mi). Inclination: 40.60 deg. Period: 121.75 min. COSPAR: 1971-082A. USAF Sat Cat: 5488. Heavy lunar Orbiter; conducted lunar surface mapping. Luna 19 entered an intermediate earth parking orbit and was then put on a translunar trajectory by the Proton Block D stage. It entered lunar orbit on October 3, 1971. Luna 19 extended the systematic study of lunar gravitational fields and location of mascons (mass concentrations). It also studied the lunar radiation environment, the gamma-active lunar surface, and the solar wind. Photographic coverage via a television system was also obtained. Parameters are for lunar orbit. References: 2, 6, 67, 274, 296.
1971 September 28 - 11:48 GMT - Launch Site: South Uist. Launch Complex: -. Launch Pad: -. Launch Vehicle: Petrel. Model: Petrel 1. LV Configuration: Petrel P49H.
  • Winter Anomaly / Stratosphere Ionosphere mission Nation: UK. Agency: SRC. Apogee: 142 km (88 mi). References: 2.
1971 September 29 - 09:45 GMT - Launch Site: Cape Canaveral. Launch Complex: LC17A. Launch Pad: -. Launch Vehicle: Delta. Model: Thor Delta N. LV Configuration: Thor Delta N 565/D85.
  • OSO 7 Nation: USA. Payload: OSO H. Mass: 635 kg (1,399 lb). Class: Solar. Spacecraft: OSO. Agency: NASA GSF. Perigee: 326 km (202 mi). Apogee: 572 km (355 mi). Inclination: 33.10 deg. Period: 93.50 min. COSPAR: 1971-083A. USAF Sat Cat: 5491. Decay Date: 1974-07-09. Orbiting Solar Observatory. Spacecraft engaged in research and exploration of the upper atmosphere or outer space (US Cat B). References: 2, 6.
  • TETR 3 Nation: USA. Payload: TETR D. Mass: 20 kg (44 lb). Class: Technology. Type: Tracking network. Spacecraft: TETR. Agency: NASA GSF. Perigee: 403 km (250 mi). Apogee: 570 km (350 mi). Inclination: 33.00 deg. Period: 94.30 min. COSPAR: 1971-083B. USAF Sat Cat: 5492. Decay Date: 1978-09-19. Test satellite for NASA's Manned Space Flight Network. Spacecraft engaged in research and exploration of the upper atmosphere or outer space (US Cat B). References: 2, 6.
1971 September 29 - 11:30 GMT - Launch Site: Plesetsk. Launch Complex: -. Launch Pad: -. Launch Vehicle: Soyuz. Model: Voskhod 11A57.
  • Cosmos 442 Nation: USSR. Mass: 6,300 kg (13,800 lb). Class: Surveillance. Type: Military. Spacecraft: Zenit-4M. Agency: MOM. Perigee: 182 km (113 mi). Apogee: 313 km (194 mi). Inclination: 72.90 deg. Period: 89.50 min. COSPAR: 1971-084A. USAF Sat Cat: 5493. Duration: 13.00 days. Decay Date: 1971-10-12. High resolution photo reconnaissance satellite; returned film capsule; maneuverable. References: 2, 6.
1971 September 29 - 16:00 GMT - Launch Site: Woomera. Launch Complex: LA2. Launch Pad: LA2 SL. Launch Vehicle: Skylark. Model: Skylark 3. LV Configuration: Skylark 3 S47/2.
  • ESRO S47 / 2 Ultraviolet astronomy mission Nation: Europe. Agency: ESRO. Apogee: 210 km (130 mi). References: 2.

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