Chronology - Quarter 4 1985 home
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1985 October 1 - Launch Vehicle: Shuttle.
  • SLC-6 at Vandenberg declared operation for shuttle flights. Nation: USA. The launch complex and support buildings had been built on the old Manned Orbiting Laboratory facilities at a total cost of $ 5.5 billion. Checks of the facilities with non-flight shuttle Enterprise, an external tank, and inert solid rocket boosters were conducted from late 1984 to early 1985. Later fundamental design flaws were found that would cost another $1 billion and two years to fix. The US Air Force was no longer interested in the shuttle as a booster for its payloads, and the facility was mothballed without ever launching a shuttle. References: 44.
1985 October -
  • Mir free-air communications tests. Nation: USSR. Program: Mir. Spacecraft: Mir. Mir was rolled outside of its clean room to conduct communications tests of the Altair system with the Cosmos 1700 satellite already in orbit.
1985 October 2 - 06:00 GMT - Launch Site: Kapustin Yar. Launch Complex: LC107/1. Launch Pad: LC107/pad?. Launch Vehicle: Kosmos 3. Model: Kosmos 11K65M. LV Configuration: Kosmos 11K65M 65044-153.
  • Cosmos 1688 Nation: USSR. Mass: 550 kg (1,210 lb). Class: Calibration. Spacecraft: Taifun-2. Agency: MO SSSR. Perigee: 320 km (190 mi). Apogee: 434 km (269 mi). Inclination: 50.70 deg. Period: 92.10 min. COSPAR: 1985-089A. USAF Sat Cat: 16107. Decay Date: 1988-07-02. Released 25 Romb radar calibration subsatellites. References: 2, 6.
1985 October 3 - 05:48 GMT - Launch Site: Baikonur. Launch Complex: LC31. Launch Pad: -. Launch Vehicle: Soyuz. Model: Vostok 8A92M.
  • Cosmos 1689 Nation: USSR. Program: Resurs. Payload: Resurs-O1 no. 1. Mass: 1,500 kg (3,300 lb). Class: Earth. Type: Landsat. Spacecraft: Resurs-O1. Agency: MOM. Perigee: 496 km (308 mi). Apogee: 545 km (338 mi). Inclination: 97.60 deg. Period: 95.10 min. COSPAR: 1985-090A. USAF Sat Cat: 16110. Decay Date: 2001-01-14. First flight of Resurs-O1. Acquisition of operational information on the natural resources of the earth in the interests of various branches of the national economy of the USSR; continued trials of new types of informational and measurement apparatus and methods of remote sensing of the earth's surface and atmosphere. Operated for one year, two months. Re-entered January 14, 2001. References: 2, 6, 113.
1985 October 3 - 07:33 GMT - Launch Site: Plesetsk. Launch Complex: LC43/4. Launch Pad: -. Launch Vehicle: Soyuz. Model: Molniya 8K78M. LV Configuration: Molniya 8K78M-ML.
  • Molniya 3-26 Nation: USSR. Program: Molniya. Payload: Molniya-3 s/n 38. Mass: 1,600 kg (3,500 lb). Class: Communications. Spacecraft: Molniya-3. Agency: MOM. Perigee: 1,660 km (1,030 mi). Apogee: 38,722 km (24,060 mi). Inclination: 64.60 deg. Period: 718.40 min. COSPAR: 1985-091A. USAF Sat Cat: 16112. Decay Date: 2001-02-22. Operation of the long-range telephone and telegraph radio communications system in the USSR; transmission of USSR Central Television programmes to stations in the Orbita network and within the framework of international cooperation. References: 2, 6.
1985 October 3 - 15:15 GMT - Launch Site: Cape Canaveral. Launch Complex: LC39A. Launch Pad: -. Launch Vehicle: Shuttle. LV Configuration: Space Shuttle STS-28/51-J.
  • STS-51-J Nation: USA. Program: STS. Payload: Atlantis F01 / DSCS-3 2 / DSCS-3 3 [IUS]. Class: Manned. Type: Spaceplane. Spacecraft: Atlantis. Agency: NASA JSC. Perigee: 476 km (295 mi). Apogee: 486 km (301 mi). Inclination: 28.50 deg. Period: 94.20 min. COSPAR: 1985-092A. USAF Sat Cat: 16115. Duration: 4.07 days. Decay Date: 1985-10-07. Crew: Bobko, Grabe, Hilmers, Pailes, Stewart. Flight: STS-51-J. Manned five crew. Atlantis (first flight); deployed USA 11, USA 12. Reusable space transportation system.

    Orbits of Earth: 63. Landed at: Runway 23 dry lake bed at Edwards Air Force Base, . Touchdown miss distance: 754.00 m. Landing Rollout: 2,455.00 m. Payloads: Classified DoD Mission - Record altitude (as of 5/93). References: 2, 6, 7, 33.

  • USA 11 Nation: USA. Program: DSCS. Payload: DSCS III F-2. Class: Communications. Type: Military. Spacecraft: DSCS III. Agency: USAF. Perigee: 35,434 km (22,017 mi). Apogee: 35,963 km (22,346 mi). Inclination: 0.30 deg. Period: 1,436.00 min. COSPAR: 1985-092B. USAF Sat Cat: 16116. Released from STS 51J 10/4/85. Spacecraft engaged in practical applications and uses of space technology such as weather or communication (US Cat C). Positioned in geosynchronous orbit; at 12 deg W in 1986; 42 deg W in 1995. References: 2, 6.
  • USA 12 Nation: USA. Program: DSCS. Payload: DSCS III F-3. Class: Communications. Type: Military. Spacecraft: DSCS III. Agency: USAF. Perigee: 35,633 km (22,141 mi). Apogee: 35,963 km (22,346 mi). Inclination: 0.30 deg. Period: 1,436.00 min. COSPAR: 1985-092C. USAF Sat Cat: 16117. Released from STS 51J 4 October 1985; boosted into orbit with DSCS 3 F3 on single IUS booster. Spacecraft engaged in practical applications and uses of space technology such as weather or communication (US Cat C). Positioned in geosynchronous orbit; at 180 deg E in 1994. References: 2, 6.
1985 October 5 - Launch Site: Baikonur. Launch Complex: Jubilee. Launch Pad: -.
  • Buran Analog BST-02 taxi test 3 Nation: USSR. Program: Buran. Class: Manned. Type: Spaceplane. Spacecraft: Buran Analogue. Location of Spacecraft: Zhukovskiy Aerodrome, Moscow. Crew: Stankiavicius, Volk. Maximum speed 270 kph. Time 12 minutes. References: 81.
1985 October 7 -
  • Landing of STS-51-J Nation: USA. Program: STS. Flight: STS-51-J. STS-51-J landed at 17:07 GMT.
1985 October 9 - 02:53 GMT - Launch Site: Vandenberg. Launch Complex: SLC3W. Launch Pad: -. Launch Vehicle: Atlas. Model: Atlas E/SGS-2. LV Configuration: Atlas E/SGS-2 55E.
  • USA 10 Nation: USA. Program: Navstar. Payload: GPS SVN 11. Mass: 770 kg (1,690 lb). Class: Navigation. Spacecraft: GPS Block 1. Manufacturer: Boeing North American, Seal Beach (formerly Rockwell). Agency: USAF. Perigee: 20,765 km (12,902 mi). Apogee: 21,673 km (13,466 mi). Inclination: 65.00 deg. Period: 760.40 min. COSPAR: 1985-093A. USAF Sat Cat: 16129. Global Positioning System. References: 2, 6, 278.
1985 October 9 - 21:35 GMT - Launch Site: Plesetsk. Launch Complex: LC32. Launch Pad: LC32/pad?. Launch Vehicle: Tsiklon. Model: Tsiklon-3.
  • Cosmos 1690 Nation: USSR. Program: Strela. Payload: Strela-3 no. 3. Mass: 220 kg (480 lb). Class: Communications. Type: Military Store-dump. Spacecraft: Strela-3. Agency: MO SSSR. Perigee: 1,381 km (858 mi). Apogee: 1,417 km (880 mi). Inclination: 82.60 deg. Period: 113.80 min. COSPAR: 1985-094A. USAF Sat Cat: 16138. Military store-dump communications satellite. Six satellites launched by a single carrier rocket. References: 2, 6, 105.
  • Cosmos 1691 Nation: USSR. Program: Strela. Payload: Strela-3 no. 4. Mass: 220 kg (480 lb). Class: Communications. Type: Military Store-dump. Spacecraft: Strela-3. Agency: MO SSSR. Perigee: 1,413 km (877 mi). Apogee: 1,414 km (878 mi). Inclination: 82.60 deg. Period: 114.10 min. COSPAR: 1985-094B. USAF Sat Cat: 16139. References: 2, 6, 105.
  • Cosmos 1692 Nation: USSR. Program: Strela. Payload: Strela-3 Mass Model. Mass: 220 kg (480 lb). Class: Communications. Type: Military Store-dump. Spacecraft: Strela-3. Agency: MO SSSR. Perigee: 1,388 km (862 mi). Apogee: 1,417 km (880 mi). Inclination: 82.60 deg. Period: 113.80 min. COSPAR: 1985-094C. USAF Sat Cat: 16140. Mass model of Strela-3. References: 2, 6, 105.
  • Cosmos 1693 Nation: USSR. Program: Strela. Payload: Strela-3 Mass Model. Mass: 220 kg (480 lb). Class: Communications. Type: Military Store-dump. Spacecraft: Strela-3. Agency: MO SSSR. Perigee: 1,393 km (865 mi). Apogee: 1,417 km (880 mi). Inclination: 82.60 deg. Period: 113.90 min. COSPAR: 1985-094D. USAF Sat Cat: 16141. Mass model of Strela-3. References: 2, 6, 105.
  • Cosmos 1694 Nation: USSR. Program: Strela. Payload: Strela-3 Mass Model. Mass: 220 kg (480 lb). Class: Communications. Type: Military Store-dump. Spacecraft: Strela-3. Agency: MO SSSR. Perigee: 1,399 km (869 mi). Apogee: 1,417 km (880 mi). Inclination: 82.60 deg. Period: 114.00 min. COSPAR: 1985-094E. USAF Sat Cat: 16142. Mass model of Strela-3. References: 2, 6, 105.
  • Cosmos 1695 Nation: USSR. Program: Strela. Payload: Strela-3 Mass Model. Mass: 220 kg (480 lb). Class: Communications. Type: Military Store-dump. Spacecraft: Strela-3. Agency: MO SSSR. Perigee: 1,405 km (873 mi). Apogee: 1,417 km (880 mi). Inclination: 82.60 deg. Period: 114.00 min. COSPAR: 1985-094F. USAF Sat Cat: 16143. Mass model of Strela-3. References: 2, 6, 105.
1985 October 10 - 15:25 GMT - Launch Site: Barking Sands. Launch Complex: KP. Launch Pad: -. Launch Vehicle: Terrier. Model: Terrier Malemute. LV Configuration: Terrier Malemute Sandia 497-015.
  • ACE III Target Nation: USA. Agency: SDIO/MIT-LL. Apogee: 479 km (297 mi). References: 2.
1985 October 15 - Launch Site: Vandenberg. Launch Complex: -. Launch Pad: -.
  • SLC-6 declared operational for shuttle flights Nation: USA. Program: STS. Space Launch Complex 6, site of future Space Shuttle operations, declared operational. However, much additional work and testing required. References: 88.
1985 October 15 - Launch Vehicle: JL-1.
  • Reported first launch of JL-1 SLBM. Partial failure? Nation: China. Program: Long March. References: 87.
1985 October 15 - Launch Site: Baikonur. Launch Complex: Jubilee. Launch Pad: -.
  • Buran Analog BST-02 taxi test 4 Nation: USSR. Program: Buran. Class: Manned. Type: Spaceplane. Spacecraft: Buran Analogue. Location of Spacecraft: Zhukovskiy Aerodrome, Moscow. Crew: Stankiavicius, Volk. Maximum speed 300 kph. References: 81.
1985 October 16 - 09:25 GMT - Launch Site: Baikonur. Launch Complex: LC1. Launch Pad: LC1 or LC31. Launch Vehicle: Soyuz. Model: Soyuz 11A511U.
  • Cosmos 1696 Nation: USSR. Mass: 6,300 kg (13,800 lb). Class: Earth. Type: Landsat. Spacecraft: Zenit-8. Agency: MOM. Perigee: 205 km (127 mi). Apogee: 270 km (160 mi). Inclination: 70.40 deg. Period: 89.30 min. COSPAR: 1985-095A. USAF Sat Cat: 16169. Duration: 14.00 days. Decay Date: 1985-10-30. Military cartographic satellite; returned film capsule; maneuverable. References: 2, 6.
1985 October 21 - 05:04 GMT - Launch Site: Jiuquan. Launch Complex: LA2B. Launch Pad: -. Launch Vehicle: CZ. Model: CZ-2C. LV Configuration: Chang Zheng 2C CZ2C-7 (12).
  • FSW-0 No. 7 Nation: China. Payload: FSW-0 No. 07. Mass: 2,500 kg (5,500 lb). Class: Surveillance. Type: Military. Spacecraft: FSW. Agency: MAI. Perigee: 171 km (106 mi). Apogee: 393 km (244 mi). Inclination: 63.00 deg. Period: 90.20 min. COSPAR: 1985-096A. USAF Sat Cat: 16177. Duration: 5.00 days. Decay Date: 1985-11-07. Fanhui Shi Weixing photo surveillance satellite; film capsule recovered 26 October. References: 2, 6.
1985 October 22 - Launch Site: Vandenberg. Launch Complex: -. Launch Pad: -.
  • First launch of Ground Launch Cruise Missile Nation: USA. First launch of Ground Launch Cruise Missile from Vandenberg AFB. References: 88.
1985 October 22 - Launch Site: Vandenberg. Launch Complex: HP-06. Launch Pad: -. Launch Vehicle: Tomahawk. Model: MGM-109H. LV Configuration: GLCM 1.
  • Operational missile test Nation: USA. Agency: USAF TAC. Apogee: 20 km (12 mi). References: 2.
1985 October 22 - 07:00 GMT - Launch Site: Baikonur. Launch Complex: LC45/1. Launch Pad: -. Launch Vehicle: Zenit. Model: Zenit-2.
  • Cosmos 1697 Nation: USSR. Program: Tselina. Payload: Tselina-2 no. 3 (Mass Model). Mass: 6,000 kg (13,200 lb). Class: Sigint. Spacecraft: Tselina-2. Agency: MO RF. Perigee: 843 km (523 mi). Apogee: 853 km (530 mi). Inclination: 71.00 deg. Period: 101.90 min. COSPAR: 1985-097A. USAF Sat Cat: 16181. First launch of new Tselina-2 ELINT satellite on Zenit-2 launch vehicle. References: 2, 6.
1985 October 22 - 20:24 GMT - Launch Site: Plesetsk. Launch Complex: LC43/4. Launch Pad: -. Launch Vehicle: Soyuz. Model: Molniya 8K78M. LV Configuration: Molniya 8K78M-2BL.
  • Cosmos 1698 Nation: USSR. Payload: Oko #44. Mass: 1,250 kg (2,750 lb). Class: Early Warning. Spacecraft: Oko. Agency: MOM. Perigee: 4,994 km (3,103 mi). Apogee: 35,412 km (22,003 mi). Inclination: 67.80 deg. Period: 718.80 min. COSPAR: 1985-098A. USAF Sat Cat: 16183. Replaced Cosmos 1541. Covered Oko constellation plane 3 - 351 degree longitude of ascending node. References: 2, 6, 100.
1985 October 23 - 00:42 GMT - Launch Site: Baikonur. Launch Complex: LC1. Launch Pad: LC1 or LC31. Launch Vehicle: Soyuz. Model: Molniya 8K78M. LV Configuration: Molniya 8K78M-ML.
  • Molniya 1-65 Nation: USSR. Program: Molniya. Payload: Molniya-1T. Mass: 1,800 kg (3,900 lb). Class: Communications. Spacecraft: Molniya-1T. Agency: MOM. Perigee: 1,104 km (685 mi). Apogee: 39,239 km (24,381 mi). Inclination: 64.50 deg. Period: 717.60 min. COSPAR: 1985-099A. USAF Sat Cat: 16187. Decay Date: 1999-02-13. Replaced Molniya 1-58. Operation of the long-range telephone and telegraph radio communications system in the USSR; transmission of USSR Central Television programmes to stations in the Orbita network. References: 2, 6.
1985 October 23 - 17:24 GMT - Launch Site: Plesetsk. Launch Complex: LC133/3. Launch Pad: -. Launch Vehicle: Kosmos 3. Model: Kosmos 11K65M. LV Configuration: Kosmos 11K65M 65034-135. FAILURE: Launch vehicle failed to orbit - unknown cause.
  • Parus Nation: USSR. Class: Navigation. Spacecraft: Parus. Agency: UNKS. COSPAR: F851023A. References: 2.
1985 October 24 - 02:30 GMT - Launch Site: Plesetsk. Launch Complex: LC32. Launch Pad: LC32/pad?. Launch Vehicle: Tsiklon. Model: Tsiklon-3.
  • Meteor 3-01 Nation: USSR. Payload: Meteor-3 s/n 2. Mass: 2,150 kg (4,730 lb). Class: Earth. Type: Weather. Spacecraft: Meteor-3. Agency: MO SSSR. Perigee: 1,182 km (734 mi). Apogee: 1,210 km (750 mi). Inclination: 82.60 deg. Period: 109.30 min. COSPAR: 1985-100A. USAF Sat Cat: 16191. First successful launch of new Meteor-3 spacecraft. Further improvement of the meteorological system using artificial earth satellite, including development of informational and measurement apparatus and remote sensing methods. References: 2, 6, 115.
1985 October 25 - 14:40 GMT - Launch Site: Plesetsk. Launch Complex: -. Launch Pad: -. Launch Vehicle: Soyuz. Model: Soyuz 11A511U.
  • Cosmos 1699 Nation: USSR. Mass: 6,600 kg (14,500 lb). Class: Surveillance. Type: Military. Spacecraft: Yantar-4K1. Agency: MOM. Perigee: 166 km (103 mi). Apogee: 335 km (208 mi). Inclination: 67.10 deg. Period: 89.50 min. COSPAR: 1985-101A. USAF Sat Cat: 16198. Duration: 59.00 days. Decay Date: 1985-12-23. High resolution photo reconnaissance; returned film in two small SpK capsules during the mission and with the main capsule at completion of the mission. References: 2, 6, 179.
1985 October 25 - 15:45 GMT - Launch Site: Baikonur. Launch Complex: LC200/40. Launch Pad: -. Launch Vehicle: Proton. Model: Proton-K/DM-2. LV Configuration: Proton-K/DM-2 332-02.
  • Cosmos 1700 Nation: USSR. Payload: Luch s/n 11L. Mass: 2,000 kg (4,400 lb). Class: Communications. Type: Military. Spacecraft: Luch . Agency: MOM. Perigee: 35,777 km (22,230 mi). Apogee: 35,794 km (22,241 mi). Inclination: 5.90 deg. Period: 1,436.10 min. COSPAR: 1985-102A. USAF Sat Cat: 16199. Completed Operations Date: 1986-09-01. Stationed at 95 deg E. Experimental retransmission of telephone and telegraph data in the centimetre band. First launch in Altair/SR system for communication with Mir space station and other orbital spacecraft. First tests with Mir were conducted on 29 March 1986 using Mir’s large aft antenna communicating with Cosmos 1700 stationed in geosynchronous orbit at 95 degrees East. In September 1986 Cosmos 1700 ceased operating and drifted off its geosynchronous orbit position. Positioned in geosynchronous orbit at 95 deg E in 1985-1986 As of 4 September 2001 located at 85.03 deg E drifting at 0.142 deg W per day. As of 2007 Mar 10 located at 76.37E drifting at 0.157E degrees per day. References: 2, 6, 67, 274.
1985 October 25 - 17:20 GMT - Launch Site: White Sands. Launch Complex: -. Launch Pad: -. Launch Vehicle: Black Brant. Model: Black Brant 8C. LV Configuration: Black Brant 8C NASA 27.90CS.
  • Solar mission Nation: USA. Agency: NASA. Apogee: 290 km (180 mi). References: 2.
1985 October 28 - 17:24 GMT - Launch Site: Plesetsk. Launch Complex: -. Launch Pad: -. Launch Vehicle: Soyuz. Model: Molniya 8K78M. LV Configuration: Molniya 8K78M-ML.
  • Molniya 1-66 Nation: USSR. Program: Molniya. Payload: Molniya-1T. Mass: 1,800 kg (3,900 lb). Class: Communications. Spacecraft: Molniya-1T. Agency: MOM. Perigee: 1,656 km (1,028 mi). Apogee: 38,699 km (24,046 mi). Inclination: 64.10 deg. Period: 717.80 min. COSPAR: 1985-103A. USAF Sat Cat: 16220. Decay Date: 2002-08-02. Replaced Molniya 1-56. Operation of the long-range telephone and telegraph radio communications system in the USSR; transmission of USSR Central Television programmes to stations in the Orbita network. References: 2, 6.
1985 October 30 - 17:00 GMT - Launch Site: Cape Canaveral. Launch Complex: LC39A. Launch Pad: -. Launch Vehicle: Shuttle. LV Configuration: Space Shuttle STS-29/61-A.
  • STS-61-A Nation: USA. Program: STS. Payload: Challenger F09 / GLOMR 1. Mass: 14,451 kg (31,859 lb). Class: Manned. Type: Spaceplane. Spacecraft: Challenger. Agency: NASA JSC. Perigee: 319 km (198 mi). Apogee: 331 km (205 mi). Inclination: 57.00 deg. Period: 91.00 min. COSPAR: 1985-104A. USAF Sat Cat: 16230. Duration: 7.03 days. Decay Date: 1985-11-06. Crew: Bluford, Buchli, Dunbar, Furrer, Hartsfield, Messerschmid, Nagel, Ockels. Flight: STS-61-A. Manned eight crew. Launched GLOMR; carried Spacelab D1. Payloads: Spacelab D-1 with habitable module and 76 experiments. Six of the eight crew members were divided into a blue and red team working 12-hour shifts for 24-hour-a-day operation. The remaining two crew members were 'switch hitters.'. References: 2, 6, 7, 33.
  • GLOMR; GLOMAR Nation: USA. Payload: Challenger F9 / GLOMR 1. Mass: 52 kg (114 lb). Class: Communications. Type: Military. Spacecraft: GLOMR. Agency: USN. Perigee: 317 km (196 mi). Apogee: 332 km (206 mi). Inclination: 57.00 deg. Period: 91.00 min. COSPAR: 1985-104B. USAF Sat Cat: 16231. Decay Date: 1986-12-26. Released from STS 61A 11/1/85. Spacecraft engaged in research and exploration of the upper atmosphere or outer space (US Cat B). References: 2, 6.
  • Spacelab D-1 Nation: USA. Program: Spacelab. Payload: Spacelab Long Module. Class: Manned. Type: Spacelab. Spacecraft: Spacelab. Agency: NASA. COSPAR: 1985-104xx. USAF Sat Cat: 16230. Decay Date: 1985-11-06. References: 2, 279.
  • USS Nation: USA. Program: STS. Agency: NASA. COSPAR: 1985-104xx. USAF Sat Cat: 16230. Decay Date: 1985-11-06. References: 2, 279.
1985 November 1 - Launch Site: Sriharikota. Launch Complex: -. Launch Pad: -. Launch Vehicle: RH. Model: RH-300/RH-200/RH-200.
  • Test mission Nation: India. Agency: ISRO. Apogee: 300 km (180 mi). References: 2.
1985 November - Launch Vehicle: ERIS.
  • Lockheed awarded a five year contract, $ 490 million contract for the ERIS flight test vehicle Nation: USA. Flight test vehicle for Exoatmospheric Re-Entry Interceptor Subsystem, an anti-ballistic missile hit-to-kill interceptor warhead. The ERIS vehicle itself consisted of surplus Minuteman ICBM second and third stages. Four test vehicles were built. First launch was made on 28 January 1991 from Kwajalein Atoll against an Aries sounding rocket. A second test on 13 March 1992 against a Minuteman I was considered successful enough that no further tests were planned. Further develoment of the technology was to be accomplished by the Orbital Sciences' Aries test vehicle with spectacularly poor results.
1985 November 6 -
  • Landing of STS-61-A Nation: USA. Program: Spacelab. Flight: STS-61-A. STS-61-A landed at 18:01 GMT.
1985 November 9 - 08:25 GMT - Launch Site: Plesetsk. Launch Complex: LC41/1. Launch Pad: -. Launch Vehicle: Soyuz. Model: Molniya 8K78M. LV Configuration: Molniya 8K78M-2BL.
  • Cosmos 1701 Nation: USSR. Payload: Oko #45. Mass: 1,250 kg (2,750 lb). Class: Early Warning. Spacecraft: Oko. Agency: MOM. Perigee: 3,375 km (2,097 mi). Apogee: 36,974 km (22,974 mi). Inclination: 67.20 deg. Period: 717.70 min. COSPAR: 1985-105A. USAF Sat Cat: 16235. Decay Date: 2001-05-11. Replaced Cosmos 1675. Covered Oko constellation plane 8 - 192 degree longitude of ascending node. References: 2, 6, 100.
1985 November 10 - Launch Site: Baikonur. Launch Complex: Jubilee. Launch Pad: -.
  • Buran Analog BST-02 flight 1 Nation: USSR. Program: Buran. Class: Manned. Type: Spaceplane. Spacecraft: Buran Analogue. Location of Spacecraft: Zhukovskiy Aerodrome, Moscow. Crew: Stankiavicius, Volk. Maximum speed 480 kph. Maximum altitude 1500 m. Time 12 minutes. References: 81.
1985 November 10 -
  • First OK-GLI Buran analogue flight Nation: USSR. Spacecraft: Buran. Cosmonaut Igor Volk was at the controls; takeoff was from the Zhukovskiy test flight centre near Moscow. Two flying labs, based on Tu-154 transports, were used to prior to this to duplicate anticipated Buran handling and test systems software. They conducted 140 flights before Buran's first flight, including 69 automatic landings at Zhukovskiy and at the Jubilee airfield at Baikonur.
1985 November 10 - 18:56 GMT - Launch Site: Andoya. Launch Complex: -. Launch Pad: -. Launch Vehicle: Black Brant. Model: Black Brant 9. LV Configuration: Black Brant IX NASA 36.05IE.
  • Ferdinand 62 / MAIMIK Active plasma / tether mission Nation: Norway. Agency: NASA/NDRE. Apogee: 381 km (236 mi). References: 2.
1985 November 13 - Launch Site: Vandenberg. Launch Complex: LF08. Launch Pad: -. Launch Vehicle: Peacekeeper. LV Configuration: Peacekeeper FTM-10.
  • 4 RVs Test Nation: USA. Agency: USAF AFSC. Apogee: 1,000 km (600 mi). References: 2.
1985 November 13 - 12:25 GMT - Launch Site: Plesetsk. Launch Complex: -. Launch Pad: -. Launch Vehicle: Soyuz. Model: Soyuz 11A511U.
  • Cosmos 1702 Nation: USSR. Mass: 6,300 kg (13,800 lb). Class: Earth. Type: Landsat. Spacecraft: Zenit-8. Agency: MOM. Perigee: 192 km (119 mi). Apogee: 370 km (220 mi). Inclination: 72.90 deg. Period: 90.10 min. COSPAR: 1985-106A. USAF Sat Cat: 16247. Duration: 14.00 days. Decay Date: 1985-11-27. Military cartographic satellite; returned film capsule. References: 2, 6.
1985 November 15 - Launch Site: Baikonur. Launch Complex: Jubilee. Launch Pad: -.
  • Buran Analog BST-02 taxi test 5 Nation: USSR. Program: Buran. Class: Manned. Type: Spaceplane. Spacecraft: Buran Analogue. Location of Spacecraft: Zhukovskiy Aerodrome, Moscow. Crew: Stankiavicius, Volk. Maximum speed 170 kph. Time 12 minutes. References: 81.
1985 November 15 -
  • Space Command redesignated Air Force Space Command. Nation: USA. References: 569.
1985 November 15 - 14:29 GMT - Launch Site: Baikonur. Launch Complex: LC200/39. Launch Pad: -. Launch Vehicle: Proton. Model: Proton-K/DM. LV Configuration: Proton-K/DM 326-01.
  • Raduga 17 Nation: USSR. Payload: Raduga s/n 28L. Mass: 1,940 kg (4,270 lb). Class: Communications. Type: Military. Spacecraft: Raduga . Agency: MOM. Perigee: 35,774 km (22,228 mi). Apogee: 35,873 km (22,290 mi). Inclination: 5.80 deg. Period: 1,438.00 min. COSPAR: 1985-107A. USAF Sat Cat: 16250. Completed Operations Date: 1992-12-18. Stationed at 49 deg. E. Provision of telephone and telegraph radiocommunications and television broadcasting. Positioned in geosynchronous orbit at 35 deg E in 1985-1988; 69 deg E in 1988-1990; 85 deg E in 1990-1991; 49 deg E in 1991-1992 As of 5 September 2001 located at 174.18 deg W drifting at 0.357 deg W per day. As of 2007 Mar 10 located at 98.19E drifting at 0.512W degrees per day. References: 2, 6, 67, 274.
1985 November 19 -
  • Reagan and Gorbachev meet at summit, agree to step up arms control talks and renew cultural contacts Nation: International.
1985 November 19 - 13:00 GMT - Launch Site: Natal. Launch Complex: -. Launch Pad: -. Launch Vehicle: Sonda. Model: Sonda 4. LV Configuration: Sonda 4 PT-02.
  • GL A40.401 (HARP) test Nation: Brazil. Agency: IAE. Apogee: 667 km (414 mi). References: 2.
1985 November 20 - 10:19 GMT - Launch Site: Wallops Island. Launch Complex: -. Launch Pad: -. Launch Vehicle: Tomahawk Sandia. Model: Taurus Nike Tomahawk. LV Configuration: Taurus Nike Tomahawk NASA 38.09UE.
  • CRRES Test Plasma mission Nation: USA. Agency: NASA. Apogee: 500 km (310 mi). References: 2.
1985 November 21 - 1985 November 22 - 22:20 GMT - Launch Site: Plesetsk. Launch Complex: LC32. Launch Pad: LC32/pad?. Launch Vehicle: Tsiklon. Model: Tsiklon-3.
  • Cosmos 1703 Nation: USSR. Program: Tselina. Payload: Tselina-D no. 51. Class: Sigint. Spacecraft: Tselina-D. Agency: MO SSSR. Perigee: 596 km (370 mi). Apogee: 621 km (385 mi). Inclination: 82.50 deg. Period: 96.90 min. COSPAR: 1985-108A. USAF Sat Cat: 16262. Replaced Cosmos 1674. References: 2, 6.
1985 November 27 - 00:29 GMT - Launch Site: Cape Canaveral. Launch Complex: LC39A. Launch Pad: -. Launch Vehicle: Shuttle. LV Configuration: Space Shuttle STS-30/61-B.
  • STS-61-B Nation: USA. Program: STS. Payload: Atlantis F02 / EASE / ACCESS. Mass: 21,791 kg (48,040 lb). Class: Manned. Type: Spaceplane. Spacecraft: Atlantis. Agency: NASA JSC. Perigee: 361 km (224 mi). Apogee: 370 km (220 mi). Inclination: 28.50 deg. Period: 91.90 min. COSPAR: 1985-109A. USAF Sat Cat: 16273. Duration: 6.88 days. Decay Date: 1985-12-03. Crew: Cleave, Neri Vela, O Connor, Ross, Shaw, Spring, Walker. Flight: STS-61-B. Manned seven crew. Deployed Morelos 2, Aussat 2, Satcom K2, OEX. Payloads: Deploy SATCOM (RCA-Satellite Communi-cations) Ku-2 with Payload Assist Module (PAM)-D II. Deploy Morelos (Mexico communications satellite)-B with PAM-D. Deploy AUSSAT (Australian communications satellite)-2 with PAM-D. EASE/ACCESS (Assembly of Structures— Assembly Concept for Construction of Erectable Space Structures) by extravehicular activity (EVA) astronauts, Continuous Flow Electrophore-sis System (CFES), Diffusive Mixing of Organic Solutions (DMOS), IMAX camera, one getaway special (GAS), Linhof camera and Hasseblad camera. References: 2, 6, 7, 33.
  • Morelos 2 Nation: Mexico. Program: Morelos. Payload: Morelos-B / PAM-D. Mass: 645 kg (1,421 lb). Class: Communications. Spacecraft: HS 376. Agency: Morelos. Perigee: 35,782 km (22,233 mi). Apogee: 35,792 km (22,240 mi). Inclination: 0.00 deg. Period: 1,436.10 min. COSPAR: 1985-109B. USAF Sat Cat: 16274. Released by STS 61B 11/27/85. Coverage of the national territory with television, radio and telephony signals and data transmission. Geostationary satellite. Positioned in geosynchronous orbit at 116 deg W in 1985-1998; 120 deg W in 1999. As of 5 September 2001 located at 120.20 deg W drifting at 0.004 deg W per day. As of 2007 Mar 10 located at 148.53W drifting at 2.555W degrees per day. References: 2, 6.
  • Aussat A2 Nation: Australia. Program: Aussat. Payload: Aussat A2 [PAM-D]. Mass: 1,259 kg (2,775 lb). Class: Communications. Spacecraft: HS 376. Agency: Aussat. Perigee: 35,866 km (22,286 mi). Apogee: 35,886 km (22,298 mi). Inclination: 6.70 deg. Period: 1,440.70 min. COSPAR: 1985-109C. USAF Sat Cat: 16275. Released by STS 61B 11/28/85; 156 deg E. Positioned in geosynchronous orbit at 156 deg E in 1985-1993; 164 deg E in 1993-1999 As of 1 September 2001 located at 24.67 deg W drifting at 1.153 deg W per day. As of 2007 Feb 27 located at 133.30E drifting at 1.163W degrees per day. References: 2, 6.
  • Satcom K2 Nation: USA. Program: Satcom. Payload: Satcom-K 2 / PAM-D2. Mass: 1,812 kg (3,994 lb). Class: Communications. Spacecraft: AS 4000. Manufacturer: Lockheed Martin. Agency: RCA Amer. Perigee: 35,944 km (22,334 mi). Apogee: 36,002 km (22,370 mi). Inclination: 4.20 deg. Period: 1,445.60 min. COSPAR: 1985-109D. USAF Sat Cat: 16276. Released by STS 61B 11/28/85; 81 deg W. Positioned in geosynchronous orbit at 81 deg W in 1985-1996; 85 deg W in 1996-1997; 81 deg W in 1997-1999 As of 6 September 2001 located at 80.95 deg W drifting at 0.009 deg W per day. As of 2007 Mar 9 located at 157.11W drifting at 2.398W degrees per day. References: 2, 6.
  • OEX Target Nation: USA. Program: STS. Payload: Atlantis F2 / Aussat A2 [PAM-D] / Morelos 2 [PAM-D. Mass: 16 kg (35 lb). Class: Manned. Type: Spaceplane. Agency: NASA JSC. Perigee: 373 km (231 mi). Apogee: 386 km (239 mi). Inclination: 28.40 deg. Period: 92.10 min. COSPAR: 1985-109E. USAF Sat Cat: 16277. Decay Date: 1987-03-02. Released from STS 61B 11/30/85; shuttle autopilot software test target. Spacecraft engaged in practical applications and uses of space technology such as weather or communication (US Cat C). References: 2, 6.
  • EASE/ACCESS Nation: USA. Program: STS. Agency: NASA. COSPAR: 1985-109xx. USAF Sat Cat: 16273. Decay Date: 1985-12-03. References: 2, 279.
1985 November 28 - 13:12 GMT - Launch Site: Plesetsk. Launch Complex: LC133/3. Launch Pad: -. Launch Vehicle: Kosmos 3. Model: Kosmos 11K65M. LV Configuration: Kosmos 11K65M 47122-346.
  • Cosmos 1704 Nation: USSR. Mass: 810 kg (1,780 lb). Class: Navigation. Spacecraft: Parus. Agency: MO SSSR. Perigee: 962 km (597 mi). Apogee: 1,007 km (625 mi). Inclination: 82.90 deg. Period: 104.80 min. COSPAR: 1985-110A. USAF Sat Cat: 16291. Military navigation satellite. Replaced Cosmos 1598. References: 2, 6.
1985 November 29 -
  • EVA STS-61-B-1 Nation: USA. Program: STS. Class: Manned. Type: Spaceplane. Spacecraft: Atlantis. Crew: Ross, Spring. Flight: STS-61-B. EVA Duration: 0.23 days. Began EASE/ACCESS (Assembly of Structures / Assembly Concept for Construction of Erectable Space Structures) structural assembly experiments. References: 66.
1985 December 1 -
  • EVA STS-61-B-2 Nation: USA. Program: STS. Class: Manned. Type: Spaceplane. Spacecraft: Atlantis. Crew: Ross, Spring. Flight: STS-61-B. EVA Duration: 0.28 days. Completed EASE/ACCESS (Assembly of Structures / Assembly Concept for Construction of Erectable Space Structures) structural assembly experiments. References: 66.
1985 December 1 - Launch Site: Natal. Launch Complex: -. Launch Pad: -. Launch Vehicle: VLS. Model: VLS-R1. LV Configuration: VLS-R1 VLS-R1. FAILURE: Failure.
  • Test mission Nation: Brazil. Agency: IAE. Apogee: 10 km (6 mi). References: 2.
1985 December - Launch Vehicle: Energia.
  • Buran wings delivered to Baikonur Nation: USSR. Spacecraft: Buran. In December 1985 the wings of the first flight OK arrived at Baikonur. This was followed by what was to be the first 20 second Energia main engine firing test. This was terminated at 2.58 seconds when the automatic control system detected a slow spool up of an engine turbine. In a the first attempt at a full-duration test helium leaks contaminated electro-hydraulic systems, leading to a situation where the tanks could not be drained. An engineering brigade had to work on the fuelled booster for 55 minutes, attach another helium tank, which led to successful de-fuelling of the vehicle. The second engine test was a complete success, the engine running for 390 seconds. This test required the entire city of Leninsk to be without water for ten days in order to accumulate enough water for the UKSS cooling system.
1985 December 3 - 12:15 GMT - Launch Site: Plesetsk. Launch Complex: -. Launch Pad: -. Launch Vehicle: Soyuz. Model: Soyuz 11A511U.
  • Cosmos 1705 Nation: USSR. Mass: 6,300 kg (13,800 lb). Class: Earth. Type: Landsat. Spacecraft: Zenit-8. Agency: MOM. Perigee: 193 km (119 mi). Apogee: 358 km (222 mi). Inclination: 72.90 deg. Period: 90.00 min. COSPAR: 1985-111A. USAF Sat Cat: 16296. Duration: 14.00 days. Decay Date: 1985-12-17. Military cartographic satellite; returned film capsule. References: 2, 6.
1985 December 3 -
  • Landing of STS-61-B Nation: USA. Program: STS. Flight: STS-61-B. STS-61-B landed at 21:33 GMT.
1985 December 7 - 15:30 GMT - Launch Site: ETR Launch Area. Launch Complex: -. Launch Pad: -. Launch Vehicle: Trident. Model: Trident C-4.
  • Demonstration and shakedown operations launch Nation: USA. Agency: USN. Apogee: 1,000 km (600 mi). References: 2.
1985 December 11 - 14:40 GMT - Launch Site: Plesetsk. Launch Complex: -. Launch Pad: -. Launch Vehicle: Soyuz. Model: Soyuz 11A511U.
  • Cosmos 1706 Nation: USSR. Mass: 6,600 kg (14,500 lb). Class: Surveillance. Type: Military. Spacecraft: Yantar-4K1. Agency: MOM. Perigee: 175 km (108 mi). Apogee: 323 km (200 mi). Inclination: 67.10 deg. Period: 89.50 min. COSPAR: 1985-112A. USAF Sat Cat: 16306. Duration: 60.00 days. Decay Date: 1986-02-09. High resolution photo reconnaissance; returned film in two small SpK capsules during the mission and with the main capsule at completion of the mission. References: 2, 6, 179.
1985 December 11 - 23:30 GMT - Launch Site: Natal. Launch Complex: -. Launch Pad: -. Launch Vehicle: Sonda. Model: Sonda 3. LV Configuration: Sonda 3 XV-20.
  • Aeronomy mission Nation: Brazil. Agency: IAE. Apogee: 516 km (320 mi). References: 2.
1985 December 12 - 15:51 GMT - Launch Site: Plesetsk. Launch Complex: LC32. Launch Pad: LC32/pad?. Launch Vehicle: Tsiklon. Model: Tsiklon-3.
  • Cosmos 1707 Nation: USSR. Program: Tselina. Payload: Tselina-D no. 52. Class: Sigint. Spacecraft: Tselina-D. Agency: MO SSSR. Perigee: 596 km (370 mi). Apogee: 623 km (387 mi). Inclination: 82.50 deg. Period: 96.90 min. COSPAR: 1985-113A. USAF Sat Cat: 16326. Replaced Cosmos 1515. References: 2, 6.
1985 December 13 - 02:35 GMT - Launch Site: Wallops Island. Launch Complex: LA3A. Launch Pad: -. Launch Vehicle: Scout. Model: Scout G. LV Configuration: Scout G-1 S207C.
  • USA 13 Nation: USA. Payload: ITV 1 ASAT Balloon Target. Class: Military. Type: ASAT Target. Spacecraft: ITV. Agency: USAF. Perigee: 311 km (193 mi). Apogee: 691 km (429 mi). Inclination: 37.10 deg. Period: 94.60 min. COSPAR: 1985-114A. USAF Sat Cat: 16328. Decay Date: 1989-05-11. Target balloon for F-15-launched ASAT missile. The battery-powered vehicle remained uninflated in orbit until a test was planned. Orbital decay data indicated the balloon was never inflated. It decayed without an intercept being attempted. References: 2, 6.
  • USA 14 Nation: USA. Payload: ITV 2 ASAT Balloon Target. Class: Military. Type: ASAT Target. Spacecraft: ITV. Agency: USAF. Perigee: 284 km (176 mi). Apogee: 450 km (270 mi). Inclination: 37.10 deg. Period: 91.90 min. COSPAR: 1985-114B. USAF Sat Cat: 16329. Decay Date: 1987-08-09. Target balloon for F-15-launched ASAT missile. The battery-powered vehicle remained uninflated in orbit until a test was planned. Orbital decay data indicates the balloon was inflated on 18 December 1986. However for operational or political reasons no intercept was ever attempted. References: 2, 6.
  • ITV 1 Balloon Nation: USA. Payload: ITV 1 Balloon. Class: Military. Type: ASAT Target. Spacecraft: ITV. Agency: USAF. Perigee: 310 km (190 mi). Apogee: 737 km (457 mi). Inclination: 37.00 deg. Period: 95.10 min. COSPAR: 1985-114D. USAF Sat Cat: 17247. Decay Date: 1987-03-02. References: 2, 279.
  • ITV 1 Balloon Nation: USA. Class: Military. Type: ASAT Target. Spacecraft: ITV. Agency: NASA. COSPAR: 1985-114xx. USAF Sat Cat: 16328. Decay Date: 1989-05-11. References: 2, 279.
1985 December 13 - 07:45 GMT - Launch Site: Plesetsk. Launch Complex: LC43/4. Launch Pad: -. Launch Vehicle: Soyuz. Model: Soyuz 11A511U.
  • Cosmos 1708 Nation: USSR. Program: Resurs. Mass: 6,300 kg (13,800 lb). Class: Earth. Type: Landsat. Spacecraft: Resurs F1-17F41. Agency: MOM. Perigee: 179 km (111 mi). Apogee: 281 km (174 mi). Inclination: 82.30 deg. Period: 89.10 min. COSPAR: 1985-115A. USAF Sat Cat: 16331. Duration: 14.00 days. Decay Date: 1985-12-27. High resolution photo surveillance; film capsule; maneuverable; also performed earth resource tasks. Investigation of the natural resources of the earth in the interests of various branches of the national economy of the USSR and international cooperation. References: 2, 6.
1985 December 14 - 07:16 GMT - Launch Site: White Sands. Launch Complex: LC36. Launch Pad: -. Launch Vehicle: Black Brant. Model: Black Brant 9B. LV Configuration: Black Brant IXB NASA 36.09UE.
  • CHARGE 2 (TPE-4) Plasma / tether mission Nation: USA. Agency: NASA. Apogee: 261 km (162 mi). References: 2.
1985 December 15 -
  • Wings for first flight Buran arrive at Baikonur Nation: USSR. Program: Buran. Spacecraft: Buran.
1985 December 16 - 19:10 GMT - Launch Site: White Sands. Launch Complex: LC36. Launch Pad: -. Launch Vehicle: Black Brant. Model: Black Brant 9. LV Configuration: Black Brant IX NASA 36.11UL.
  • Aeronomy mission Nation: USA. Agency: NASA. Apogee: 251 km (155 mi). References: 2.
1985 December 17 - 01:00 GMT - Launch Site: Wallops Island. Launch Complex: -. Launch Pad: -. Launch Vehicle: Loki. Model: Super Loki. LV Configuration: Super Loki PWN-12A /SUPE.
  • Test / aeronomy mission Nation: USA. Agency: NASA. Apogee: 112 km (69 mi). References: 2.
1985 December 18 - 00:55 GMT - Launch Site: Wallops Island. Launch Complex: -. Launch Pad: -. Launch Vehicle: Loki. Model: Super Loki. LV Configuration: Super Loki PWN-12A /SUPE.
  • Test / aeronomy mission Nation: USA. Agency: NASA. Apogee: 115 km (71 mi). References: 2.
1985 December 19 - 08:46 GMT - Launch Site: Plesetsk. Launch Complex: LC132/1. Launch Pad: -. Launch Vehicle: Kosmos 3. Model: Kosmos 11K65M. LV Configuration: Kosmos 11K65M 65022-348.
  • Cosmos 1709 Nation: USSR. Mass: 810 kg (1,780 lb). Class: Navigation. Spacecraft: Parus. Agency: MO SSSR. Perigee: 958 km (595 mi). Apogee: 1,012 km (628 mi). Inclination: 82.90 deg. Period: 104.80 min. COSPAR: 1985-116A. USAF Sat Cat: 16368. Military navigation satellite. Replaced Cosmos 1610. References: 2, 6.
1985 December 23 - Launch Site: Plesetsk. Launch Complex: -. Launch Pad: -. Launch Vehicle: Topol. Model: Topol.
  • Test mission Nation: USSR. Agency: RVSN. Apogee: 1,000 km (600 mi). References: 2.
1985 December 24 - 18:56 GMT - Launch Site: Plesetsk. Launch Complex: LC43/4. Launch Pad: -. Launch Vehicle: Soyuz. Model: Molniya 8K78M. LV Configuration: Molniya 8K78M-ML.
  • Molniya 3-27 Nation: USSR. Program: Molniya. Payload: Molniya-3 s/n 40. Mass: 1,600 kg (3,500 lb). Class: Communications. Spacecraft: Molniya-3. Agency: MOM. Perigee: 1,554 km (965 mi). Apogee: 38,555 km (23,956 mi). Inclination: 64.50 deg. Period: 712.80 min. COSPAR: 1985-117A. USAF Sat Cat: 16393. Operation of the long-range telephone and telegraph radio communications system in the USSR; transmission of USSR Central Television programmes to stations in the Orbita network and within the framework of international cooperation. References: 2, 6.
1985 December 24 - 21:43 GMT - Launch Site: Baikonur. Launch Complex: LC200/39. Launch Pad: -. Launch Vehicle: Proton. Model: Proton-K/DM-2. LV Configuration: Proton-K/DM-2 334-02.
  • Cosmos 1710 Nation: USSR. Payload: Glonass s/n 22L. Mass: 1,400 kg (3,000 lb). Class: Navigation. Spacecraft: Glonass . Agency: MOM. Perigee: 19,112 km (11,875 mi). Apogee: 19,146 km (11,896 mi). Inclination: 66.30 deg. Period: 675.70 min. COSPAR: 1985-118A. USAF Sat Cat: 16396. Glonass. Testing components and apparatus from the space navigation system being set up to determine the position of Soviet civil aircraft and vessels in the Soviet merchant marine and fishing fleet. Three satellites launched by a single rocket. References: 2, 6, 67, 274.
  • Cosmos 1711 Nation: USSR. Payload: Glonass s/n 23L. Mass: 1,400 kg (3,000 lb). Class: Navigation. Spacecraft: Glonass. Agency: MOM. Perigee: 19,108 km (11,873 mi). Apogee: 19,150 km (11,890 mi). Inclination: 66.30 deg. Period: 675.70 min. COSPAR: 1985-118B. USAF Sat Cat: 16397. Glonass. Testing components and apparatus from the space navigation system being set up to determine the position of Soviet civil aircraft and vessels in the Soviet merchant marine and fishing fleet. Three satellites launched by a single rocket. References: 2, 6, 67, 274.
  • Cosmos 1712 Nation: USSR. Payload: Glonass Dummy. Mass: 1,400 kg (3,000 lb). Class: Navigation. Spacecraft: Glonass. Agency: MOM. Perigee: 19,135 km (11,889 mi). Apogee: 19,154 km (11,901 mi). Inclination: 65.20 deg. Period: 676.30 min. COSPAR: 1985-118C. USAF Sat Cat: 16398. Glonass. Testing components and apparatus from the space navigation system being set up to determine the position of Soviet civil aircraft and vessels in the Soviet merchant marine and fishing fleet. Three satellites launched by a single rocket. References: 2, 6, 67, 274.
1985 December 26 - 01:50 GMT - Launch Site: Plesetsk. Launch Complex: LC32. Launch Pad: LC32/pad?. Launch Vehicle: Tsiklon. Model: Tsiklon-3.
  • Meteor 2-13 Nation: USSR. Payload: Meteor-2 no. 13. Mass: 2,750 kg (6,060 lb). Class: Earth. Type: Weather. Spacecraft: Meteor-2. Agency: MO SSSR. Perigee: 936 km (581 mi). Apogee: 957 km (594 mi). Inclination: 82.50 deg. Period: 104.00 min. COSPAR: 1985-119A. USAF Sat Cat: 16408. Gathering meteorological information and data on penetrating radiation fluxes in circumterrestrial space. References: 2, 6.
1985 December 27 - 17:06 GMT - Launch Site: Plesetsk. Launch Complex: -. Launch Pad: -. Launch Vehicle: Soyuz. Model: Soyuz 11A511U.
  • Cosmos 1713 Nation: USSR. Payload: Efir s/n 2. Mass: 6,300 kg (13,800 lb). Class: Earth. Type: Magnetosphere. Spacecraft: Efir. Agency: MOM. Perigee: 215 km (133 mi). Apogee: 397 km (246 mi). Inclination: 62.80 deg. Period: 90.60 min. COSPAR: 1985-120A. USAF Sat Cat: 16429. Duration: 26.00 days. Decay Date: 1986-01-22. References: 2, 6.
1985 December 28 - 09:16 GMT - Launch Site: Baikonur. Launch Complex: LC45/1. Launch Pad: LC45/pad?. Launch Vehicle: Zenit. Model: Zenit-2. FAILURE: Second stage failed to ignite. Partial Failure.
  • Cosmos 1714 Nation: USSR. Program: Tselina. Payload: Tselina-2 no. 4. Mass: 6,000 kg (13,200 lb). Class: Sigint. Spacecraft: Tselina-2. Agency: MO RF. Perigee: 160 km (90 mi). Apogee: 850 km (520 mi). Inclination: 71.00 deg. Period: 94.70 min. COSPAR: 1985-121A. USAF Sat Cat: 16434. Decay Date: 1986-02-27. Tselina-2 ELINT satellite placed in unusable orbit due to second stage failure. References: 2, 6.
1985 December 30 -
  • Stephen Synnott's Discovery of Uranus Moon Puck Nation: USA.
1985 December 30 - 15:00 GMT - Launch Site: Wallops Island. Launch Complex: -. Launch Pad: -. Launch Vehicle: Loki. Model: Loki Dart. LV Configuration: Loki Dart LOKI /PWN-.
  • Final US MET Loki Test / aeronomy mission Nation: USA. Agency: NASA. Apogee: 55 km (34 mi). References: 2.
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