Chronology - Quarter 3 1988 Previous Home Next 1988 July 5 - 09:45 GMT - Launch Site: Plesetsk. Launch Complex: LC32. Launch Pad: LC32/1. Launch Vehicle: Tsyklon 3. Model: Tsiklon-3. Okean 1 Nation: USSR. Program: Okean. Payload: Okean-O1 no. 3. Mass: 1,950 kg (4,290 lb). Class: Earth. Type: Radarsat. Spacecraft: Okean-O1. Agency: MO SSSR. Perigee: 606 km (376 mi). Apogee: 633 km (393 mi). Inclination: 82.50 deg. Period: 97.10 min. COSPAR: 1988-056A. USAF Sat Cat: 19274. Completed Operations Date: 1990-06-14. Oceanographic. Gathering of up-to-date oceanographic information and data on ice conditions in the interests of the Soviet economy and international cooperation. References: 1, 2, 5, 6. 1988 July 7 - 08:05 GMT - Launch Site: Plesetsk. Launch Complex: LC16. Launch Pad: LC16/2. Launch Vehicle: Soyuz 11A511U. Model: Soyuz 11A511U. Cosmos 1957 Nation: USSR. Program: Resurs. Payload: Resurs-F1 14F43 s/n 29. Mass: 6,300 kg (13,800 lb). Class: Earth. Type: Landsat. Spacecraft: Resurs F1-14F43. Agency: MOM. Perigee: 179 km (111 mi). Apogee: 225 km (139 mi). Inclination: 82.60 deg. Period: 88.50 min. COSPAR: 1988-057A. USAF Sat Cat: 19276. Decay Date: 1988-07-21. Investigation of the natural resources of the earth in the interests of various branches of the national economy of the USSR and international cooperation. References: 1, 2, 6. 1988 July 7 - 17:38 GMT - Launch Site: Baikonur. Launch Complex: LC200. Launch Pad: LC200/39. Launch Vehicle: Proton 8K82K / 11S824F. Model: Proton-K/D-2. LV Configuration: Proton-K/D-2/11S824F 356-02. Phobos 1 Nation: USSR. Program: Mars. Payload: 1F s/n 101. Mass: 6,220 kg (13,710 lb). Class: Planetary. Type: Mars. Spacecraft: Fobos 1F. Agency: MOM. Perigee: 2,628 km (1,632 mi). Apogee: 130,504 km (81,091 mi). Inclination: 50.80 deg. Period: 3,267.73 min. COSPAR: 1988-058A. USAF Sat Cat: 19281. Second of two missions to Mars' moon Phobos; carried 2 landers; planned to enter Mars orbit. Phobos 1 operated nominally until an expected communications session on 2 September 1988 failed to occur. The failure of controllers to regain contact with the spacecraft was traced to an error in the software uploaded on 29/30 August which had deactivated the attitude thrusters. This resulted in a loss of lock on the Sun, resulting in the spacecraft orienting the solar arrays away from the Sun, thus depleting the batteries. Left in solar Orbit (Heliocentric).References: 1, 2, 5, 6, 67, 118, 274, 296. 1F DPS Nation: USSR. Program: Mars. Payload: Dolgozhivushchaya PS. Spacecraft: Fobos 1F. Agency: UNKS. COSPAR: 1988-058xx. USAF Sat Cat: 19281. References: 279. 1988 July 9 - Launch Site: Baikonur. Launch Vehicle: Soyuz 11A511U2. Model: Soyuz 11A511U2. FAILURE: Failure. Yantar-4KS1 Nation: USSR. Spacecraft: Yantar-4KS1. Agency: UNKS. COSPAR: F880709A. References: 279. 1988 July 12 - Launch Site: Vandenberg. Launch Complex: LF09. Launch Vehicle: Minuteman 3. Minuteman 3 FOT GT126GM Follow-on Test launch Nation: USA. Agency: USAF SAC. Apogee: 1,300 km (800 mi). References: 916. 1988 July 12 - Launch Site: Vandenberg. Launch Complex: LF04. Launch Vehicle: Minuteman 3. Minuteman 3 FOT GT128GM Follow-on Test launch Nation: USA. Agency: USAF SAC. Apogee: 1,300 km (800 mi). References: 916. 1988 July 12 - 17:01 GMT - Launch Site: Baikonur. Launch Complex: LC200. Launch Pad: LC200/40. Launch Vehicle: Proton 8K82K / 11S824F. Model: Proton-K/D-2. LV Configuration: Proton-K/D-2/11S824F 356-01. Phobos 2 Nation: USSR. Program: Mars. Payload: 1F s/n 102. Mass: 6,220 kg (13,710 lb). Class: Planetary. Type: Mars. Spacecraft: Fobos 1F. Agency: MOM. Perigee: 850 km (520 mi). Apogee: 79,750 km (49,550 mi). Inclination: 1.00 deg. Period: 4,590.00 min. COSPAR: 1988-059A. USAF Sat Cat: 19287. First of two Mars missions to Mars' moon Phobos; carried two landers; entered Mars orbit 1/29/89; failed 3/27/89; extremely limited science data. Phobos 2 operated nominally throughout its cruise and Mars orbital insertion phases, gathering data on the Sun, interplanetary medium, Mars, and Phobos. Shortly before the final phase of the mission, during which the spacecraft was to approach within 50 m of Phobos' surface and release two landers, one a mobile 'hopper', the other a stationary platform, contact with Phobos 2 was lost. The mission ended when the spacecraft signal failed to be successfully reacquired on 27 March 1989. The cause of the failure was determined to be a malfunction of the on-board computer.References: 1, 2, 5, 6, 67, 118, 274, 296. 1F DPS Nation: USSR. Program: Mars. Payload: Dolgozhivushchaya PS. Spacecraft: Fobos 1F. Agency: UNKS. COSPAR: 1988-059xx. USAF Sat Cat: 19287. References: 279. 1F PPS Nation: USSR. Program: Mars. Payload: Prigayushchaya PS. Spacecraft: Fobos 1F. Agency: UNKS. COSPAR: 1988-059xx. USAF Sat Cat: 19287. References: 279. 1988 July 13 - 09:18 GMT - Launch Site: Sriharikota. Launch Complex: SLV. Launch Pad: SLV. Launch Vehicle: ASLV. Model: ASLV. LV Configuration: ASLV ASLV-D2. FAILURE: First stage failure. Insufficient control gain. SROSS B Nation: India. Mass: 150 kg (330 lb). Class: Earth. Type: Magnetosphere. Spacecraft: SROSS. Agency: ISRO. Apogee: 25 km (15 mi). COSPAR: F880712A. Decay Date: 1988-07-13. References: 5. 1988 July 14 - 11:40 GMT - Launch Site: Plesetsk. Launch Complex: LC132. Launch Pad: LC132/1. Launch Vehicle: Kosmos 11K65M. Model: Kosmos 11K65M. LV Configuration: Kosmos 11K65M 47111-224. Cosmos 1958 Nation: USSR. Class: Calibration. Spacecraft: Taifun-1. Agency: MO SSSR. Perigee: 360 km (220 mi). Apogee: 411 km (255 mi). Inclination: 65.80 deg. Period: 92.30 min. COSPAR: 1988-060A. USAF Sat Cat: 19320. Decay Date: 1989-03-21. Radar calibration mission. References: 1, 2, 5, 6. 1988 July 18 - 21:13 GMT - Launch Site: Baikonur. Launch Complex: LC1. Launch Pad: LC1. Launch Vehicle: Soyuz 11A511U2. Model: Soyuz 11A511U2. LV Configuration: Soyuz 11A511U2 L15000-024. Progress 37 Nation: USSR. Program: Mir. Payload: Progress s/n 145. Mass: 7,065 kg (15,575 lb). Class: Manned. Type: Logistics. Spacecraft: Progress. Agency: MOM. Perigee: 189 km (117 mi). Apogee: 256 km (159 mi). Inclination: 51.60 deg. Period: 89.00 min. COSPAR: 1988-061A. USAF Sat Cat: 19322. Duration: 24.69 days. Completed Operations Date: 1988-08-13 13:45:31. Decay Date: 1988-08-13 13:45:31. Flight: Mir EO-3. Unmanned resupply vessel to Mir. Rendezvous transfer orbits 187x256 km, 51. 62 deg; 235 x 319 km; 343 x 347 km. Docked with Mir on 20 Jul 1988 22:33:40 GMT. Refuelling operations on 7,8, and 9 August 1998. Undocked on 12 Aug 1988 08:31:54 GMT. Destroyed in reentry on 12 Aug 1988 13:45:40 GMT. Total free-flight time 2.27 days. Total docked time 22.42 days.References: 1, 2, 6, 275. 1988 July 18 - 22:28 GMT - Launch Site: Plesetsk. Launch Complex: LC133. Launch Pad: LC133/3. Launch Vehicle: Kosmos 11K65M. Model: Kosmos 11K65M. LV Configuration: Kosmos 11K65M 65096-175. Cosmos 1959 Nation: USSR. Mass: 700 kg (1,540 lb). Class: Navigation. Spacecraft: Parus. Agency: MO SSSR. Perigee: 953 km (592 mi). Apogee: 1,006 km (625 mi). Inclination: 83.00 deg. Period: 104.70 min. COSPAR: 1988-062A. USAF Sat Cat: 19324. Military navigation satellite. References: 1, 2, 5, 6. 1988 July 21 - 23:12 GMT - Launch Site: Kourou. Launch Complex: ELA1. Launch Pad: ELA1. Launch Vehicle: Ariane 2/3. Model: Ariane 3. LV Configuration: Ariane 3 V24. Insat-1C; Insat 1C Nation: India. Program: Insat. Payload: Insat 1C. Mass: 1,190 kg (2,620 lb). Class: Communications. Spacecraft: Insat 1. Agency: ISRO. Perigee: 35,755 km (22,217 mi). Apogee: 35,814 km (22,253 mi). Inclination: 9.00 deg. Period: 1,436.00 min. COSPAR: 1988-063A. USAF Sat Cat: 19330. Completed Operations Date: 1989-12-01. Stationed at 93.5 deg E; also performed communications tasks. Operational multipurpose satellite for telecommunications, meteorological imaging and data relay, radio and television programme distribution and direct television broadcasting for community reception. Geosynchronous orbit longitude 93.5 +/- 0.1 deg east. Launch vehicle Ariane 3 launch vehicle of Arianespace, 24th flight of Ariane and 9th flight of the Ariane 3 version. Positioned in geosynchronous orbit at 93 deg E in 1988-1989 As of 4 September 2001 located at 58.51 deg E drifting at 0.073 deg E per day. As of 2007 Mar 11 located at 80.89E drifting at 0.154W degrees per day.References: 1, 2, 5, 6. Eutelsat I F5 Nation: Europe. Program: Eutelsat. Payload: ECS 5. Mass: 1,185 kg (2,612 lb). Class: Communications. Spacecraft: ECS/OTS. Agency: Eutelsat. Perigee: 36,321 km (22,568 mi). Apogee: 36,456 km (22,652 mi). Inclination: 6.10 deg. Period: 1,466.90 min. COSPAR: 1988-063B. USAF Sat Cat: 19331. Completed Operations Date: 2000-07-01. European communications; 13 deg E. ECS-5/Eutelsat I F5 is a regional geostationary telecommunications satellite for European countries. It is operated by the EUTELSAT organization. Frequency plan 136-138 MHz (S-E), 148-149.9 MHz (E-S), 10.7-11.7 GHz (S-E), 14.0-14.5 GHz (E-S). Launch time 2334:00 UT. ESA designator ESA/88/03. Positioned in geosynchronous orbit at 10 deg E in 1989-1991; 21 deg E in 1991-1998; 12 deg W in 1998-1999 As of 4 September 2001 located at 48.15 deg E drifting at 7.596 deg W per day. As of 2007 Mar 9 located at 102.26W drifting at 7.597W degrees per day.References: 1, 2, 5, 6. 1988 July 26 - 05:01 GMT - Launch Site: Plesetsk. Launch Complex: LC32. Launch Pad: LC32. Launch Vehicle: Tsyklon 3. Model: Tsiklon-3. Meteor 3-02 Nation: USSR. Payload: Meteor-3 s/n 3. Mass: 2,150 kg (4,730 lb). Class: Earth. Type: Weather. Spacecraft: Meteor-3. Agency: MO SSSR. Perigee: 1,182 km (734 mi). Apogee: 1,210 km (750 mi). Inclination: 82.50 deg. Period: 109.30 min. COSPAR: 1988-064A. USAF Sat Cat: 19336. Continued improvement of the meteorological system using artificial earth satellites, including the testing of information-gathering and measuring apparatus and of remote sensing methods. References: 1, 2, 5, 6, 115. 1988 July 27 - 05:47 GMT - Launch Site: Wallops Island. Launch Vehicle: Black Brant. Model: Black Brant 8C. LV Configuration: Black Brant 8C NASA 27.120UE. Black Brant Plasma mission Nation: USA. Agency: NASA. Apogee: 340 km (210 mi). References: 931. 1988 July 27 - 05:48 GMT - Launch Site: Wallops Island. Launch Vehicle: Taurus Nike Tomahawk TNT. Model: Taurus Nike Tomahawk. LV Configuration: Taurus Nike Tomahawk NASA 38.07UE. Taurus Nike Tomahawk TNT Plasma mission Nation: USA. Agency: NASA. Apogee: 500 km (310 mi). References: 931. 1988 July 27 - 09:05 GMT - Launch Site: Plesetsk. Launch Complex: LC43. Launch Pad: LC43/4. Launch Vehicle: Soyuz 11A511U. Model: Soyuz 11A511U. LV Configuration: Soyuz 11A511U 78039130. FAILURE: Failure. Resurs-F1 14F43 Nation: USSR. Program: Resurs. Payload: Resurs-F1 14F43 No. 30. Spacecraft: Resurs F1-14F43. Agency: UNKS. COSPAR: F880727A. References: 279. 1988 July 28 - 11:20 GMT - Launch Site: Plesetsk. Launch Complex: LC132. Launch Pad: LC132/1. Launch Vehicle: Kosmos 11K65M. Model: Kosmos 11K65M. LV Configuration: Kosmos 11K65M 65026-187. Cosmos 1960 Nation: USSR. Class: Calibration. Spacecraft: Taifun-2. Agency: MO SSSR. Perigee: 369 km (229 mi). Apogee: 379 km (235 mi). Inclination: 65.80 deg. Period: 92.00 min. COSPAR: 1988-065A. USAF Sat Cat: 19338. Decay Date: 1990-04-09. Released 25 Romb radar calibration subsatellites. References: 1, 2, 5, 6. 1988 Aug - Launch Site: Eareckson. Launch Vehicle: Aries. LV Configuration: Aries Queen Match. Aries Test mission Nation: USA. Agency: SDIO. Apogee: 300 km (180 mi). References: 1808. 1988 August 1 - 21:04 GMT - Launch Site: Baikonur. Launch Complex: LC200. Launch Pad: LC200/39. Launch Vehicle: Proton 8K82K / 11S861. Model: Proton-K/DM-2. LV Configuration: Proton-K/DM-2 351-01. Cosmos 1961 Nation: USSR. Payload: Potok no. 5 s/n 16L. Mass: 2,000 kg (4,400 lb). Class: Communications. Type: Military. Spacecraft: Potok. Agency: MOM. Perigee: 35,780 km (22,230 mi). Apogee: 35,796 km (22,242 mi). Inclination: 8.60 deg. Period: 1,436.20 min. COSPAR: 1988-066A. USAF Sat Cat: 19344. Completed Operations Date: 1993-12-15. Stationed at 13.5 deg W; later moved to 80 deg E. Investigation of outer space and relay of telegraph and telephone messages. Positioned in geosynchronous orbit at 14 deg W in 1988-1992; 80 deg E in 1992-1993. In September, 1993, Cosmos 1961 began drifting off station after a mission of five years had apparently been terminated. As of 4 September 2001 located at 80.01 deg E drifting at 0.015 deg W per day. As of 2007 Mar 11 located at 74.58E drifting at 0.039E degrees per day.References: 1, 2, 5, 6, 67, 112, 274. 1988 August 5 - 07:29 GMT - Launch Site: Jiuquan. Launch Complex: LA2. Launch Pad: LA2B. Launch Vehicle: CZ-2C. Model: Chang Zheng 2C. LV Configuration: Chang Zheng 2C CZ2C-11 (18). FSW-1 No. 2 Nation: China. Payload: FSW-1 No. 02. Mass: 2,100 kg (4,600 lb). Class: Surveillance. Type: Military. Spacecraft: FSW. Agency: MAI. Perigee: 204 km (126 mi). Apogee: 311 km (193 mi). Inclination: 63.00 deg. Period: 89.70 min. COSPAR: 1988-067A. USAF Sat Cat: 19368. Duration: 8.00 days. Decay Date: 1988-08-13. German crystal growth experiment in recoverable capsule. Results marred by hard landing. References: 1, 2, 5, 6. 1988 August 6 - Cosmonaut Anatoli Semyonovich Levchenko dies at age of 47 -- Natural causes - Brain tumor - at Nikolai Burdenko Neurosurgical Institute in Moscow. Nation: USSR. 1988 August 8 - 09:25 GMT - Launch Site: Baikonur. Launch Vehicle: Soyuz 11A511U. Model: Soyuz 11A511U. Cosmos 1962 Nation: USSR. Mass: 6,300 kg (13,800 lb). Class: Earth. Type: Landsat. Spacecraft: Zenit-8. Agency: MOM. Perigee: 205 km (127 mi). Apogee: 265 km (164 mi). Inclination: 70.00 deg. Period: 89.20 min. COSPAR: 1988-068A. USAF Sat Cat: 19372. Duration: 14.00 days. Decay Date: 1988-08-22. Military cartographic satellite; returned film capsule. References: 1, 2, 5, 6. 1988 August 12 - 12:53 GMT - Launch Site: Plesetsk. Launch Vehicle: Molniya 8K78M. Model: Molniya 8K78M. LV Configuration: Molniya 8K78M ML. Molniya 1-73 Nation: USSR. Program: Molniya. Payload: Molniya-1T. Mass: 1,800 kg (3,900 lb). Class: Communications. Spacecraft: Molniya-1T. Agency: MOM. Perigee: 1,726 km (1,072 mi). Apogee: 38,629 km (24,002 mi). Inclination: 64.80 deg. Period: 717.80 min. COSPAR: 1988-069A. USAF Sat Cat: 19377. Decay Date: 1999-12-16. Operation of the long-range telephone and telegraph radio communications system in the USSR; transmission of USSR Central Television programmes to stations in the Orbita network. References: 1, 2, 5, 6. 1988 August 16 - 13:00 GMT - Launch Site: Baikonur. Launch Vehicle: Soyuz 11A511U. Model: Soyuz 11A511U. Cosmos 1963 Nation: USSR. Mass: 6,600 kg (14,500 lb). Class: Surveillance. Type: Military. Spacecraft: Yantar-4K1. Agency: MOM. Perigee: 176 km (109 mi). Apogee: 350 km (210 mi). Inclination: 64.80 deg. Period: 89.80 min. COSPAR: 1988-070A. USAF Sat Cat: 19384. Duration: 47.00 days. Decay Date: 1988-10-02. High resolution photo reconnaissance; returned film in two small SpK capsules during the mission and with the main capsule at completion of the mission. References: 1, 2, 6, 179. 1988 August 18 - Cosmonaut Alexandr Vladimirovich Shchukin dies at age of 42 -- Crash of Su-26 acrobatic aircraft. Nation: USSR. 1988 August 18 - 19:52 GMT - Launch Site: Baikonur. Launch Complex: LC200. Launch Pad: LC200/40. Launch Vehicle: Proton 8K82K / 11S861. Model: Proton-K/DM-2. LV Configuration: Proton-K/DM-2 333-02. Gorizont 16 Nation: USSR. Payload: Gorizont s/n 28L. Mass: 2,100 kg (4,600 lb). Class: Communications. Spacecraft: Gorizont . Agency: MOM. Perigee: 35,816 km (22,254 mi). Apogee: 35,919 km (22,318 mi). Inclination: 3.20 deg. Period: 1,440.30 min. COSPAR: 1988-071A. USAF Sat Cat: 19397. Completed Operations Date: 1992-01-21. Stationed at 80 deg E. Provision of telephone and telegraph radiocommunications and television broadcasting. Positioned in geosynchronous orbit at 80 deg E in 1988-1992 As of 28 August 2001 located at 176.78 deg W drifting at 1.036 deg W per day. As of 2007 Mar 8 located at 169.61W drifting at 1.046W degrees per day.References: 1, 2, 5, 6, 67, 111, 274. 1988 August 23 - 09:20 GMT - Launch Site: Baikonur. Launch Vehicle: Soyuz 11A511U. Model: Soyuz 11A511U. Cosmos 1964 Nation: USSR. Mass: 6,300 kg (13,800 lb). Class: Earth. Type: Landsat. Spacecraft: Zenit-8. Agency: MOM. Perigee: 206 km (128 mi). Apogee: 271 km (168 mi). Inclination: 70.00 deg. Period: 89.30 min. COSPAR: 1988-072A. USAF Sat Cat: 19412. Duration: 15.00 days. Decay Date: 1988-09-07. Military cartographic satellite; returned film capsule. References: 1, 2, 6. 1988 August 23 - 11:15 GMT - Launch Site: Plesetsk. Launch Complex: LC41. Launch Pad: LC41/1. Launch Vehicle: Soyuz 11A511U. Model: Soyuz 11A511U. Cosmos 1965 Nation: USSR. Program: Resurs. Mass: 6,300 kg (13,800 lb). Class: Earth. Type: Landsat. Spacecraft: Resurs F2. Agency: MOM. Perigee: 179 km (111 mi). Apogee: 228 km (141 mi). Inclination: 82.30 deg. Period: 88.60 min. COSPAR: 1988-073A. USAF Sat Cat: 19414. Duration: 30.00 days. Decay Date: 1988-09-22. Investigation of the natural resources of the earth in the interests of various branches of the national economy of the USSR and international cooperation. References: 1, 2, 6. 1988 August 25 - Kvant FGB Tug re-enters Nation: USSR. Spacecraft: Kvant. Flight: Mir EO-3. The FGB tug's multiple docking manoeuvres in April 1987 had cut into its already-reduced propellant supply. Unable to deorbit itself to a controlled burn-up in the atmosphere, the FGB was instead commanded to boost itself into a storage orbit 40 km above Mir. From there its orbit decayed until it made an uncontrolled re-entry. 1988 August 25 - 06:59 GMT - Launch Site: Vandenberg. Launch Complex: SLC5. Launch Pad: SLC5. Launch Vehicle: Scout G. Model: Scout G-1. LV Configuration: Scout G-1 S214C. Transit O-25 Nation: USA. Program: Transit. Mass: 59 kg (130 lb). Class: Navigation. Spacecraft: Transit. Agency: USN. Perigee: 1,032 km (641 mi). Apogee: 1,176 km (730 mi). Inclination: 89.80 deg. Period: 107.30 min. COSPAR: 1988-074A. USAF Sat Cat: 19419. Dual launch of operational Transits manufactured in the 1960's to replenish the constellation. References: 1, 2, 5, 6. Transit O-31 Nation: USA. Program: Transit. Mass: 59 kg (130 lb). Class: Navigation. Spacecraft: Transit. Agency: USN. Perigee: 1,032 km (641 mi). Apogee: 1,174 km (729 mi). Inclination: 89.80 deg. Period: 107.30 min. COSPAR: 1988-074B. USAF Sat Cat: 19420. References: 1, 2, 5, 6. 1988 August 27 - 20:04 GMT - Launch Site: Cape Canaveral. Launch Complex: LC46. Launch Vehicle: Trident D-5. LV Configuration: Trident D-5 D5X-14. Trident D-5 Research and development launch Nation: USA. Agency: USN. Apogee: 1,000 km (600 mi). References: 792. 1988 August 29 - 04:23 GMT - Launch Site: Baikonur. Launch Complex: LC1. Launch Pad: LC1. Launch Vehicle: Soyuz 11A511U2. Model: Soyuz 11A511U2. Soyuz TM-6 Nation: USSR. Program: Mir. Payload: Soyuz TM 11F732 s/n 56. Mass: 7,070 kg (15,580 lb). Class: Manned. Type: Spacecraft. Spacecraft: Soyuz TM. Agency: MOM. Perigee: 195 km (121 mi). Apogee: 228 km (141 mi). Inclination: 51.60 deg. Period: 88.70 min. COSPAR: 1988-075A. USAF Sat Cat: 19443. Duration: 114.23 days. Decay Date: 1988-12-21. Crew: Lyakhov, Mohmand, Polyakov. Flight: Mir EP-3, Mir LD-2, Mir EO-3. Transported to the Mir orbital station a Soviet-Afghan crew comprising the cosmonauts V A Lyakhov, V V Polyakov and A A Momand (Afghanistan) to conduct joint research and experiments with the cosmonauts V G Titov and M K Manarov. Returned Manarov, Titov (Soyuz TM-4), Chretien (Soyuz TM-7) to Earth. Initial orbit 195 X 228 km at 51. 57 deg. Maneuvered to a 235 x 259 km orbit, then docked with Mir at 05:41 GMT on 31 August at its 339 x 366 km orbit. Moved from aft to forward port 8 Sept 88.References: 1, 2, 6,51. 1988 August 30 - 14:14 GMT - Launch Site: Plesetsk. Launch Complex: LC16. Launch Pad: LC16/2. Launch Vehicle: Molniya 8K78M. Model: Molniya 8K78M. LV Configuration: Molniya 8K78M 2BL. Cosmos 1966 Nation: USSR. Payload: Oko #57. Mass: 1,250 kg (2,750 lb). Class: Early Warning. Spacecraft: Oko. Agency: MOM. Perigee: 2,436 km (1,513 mi). Apogee: 37,970 km (23,590 mi). Inclination: 67.20 deg. Period: 718.80 min. COSPAR: 1988-076A. USAF Sat Cat: 19445. Covered Oko constellation plane 3 - 355 degree longitude of ascending node. References: 1, 2, 5, 6, 100. 1988 September 2 - 12:05 GMT - Launch Site: Cape Canaveral. Launch Complex: LC40. Launch Pad: LC40. Launch Vehicle: Titan 34D. Model: Titan 34D/Transtage. LV Configuration: Titan 34D/Transtage 34D-3 (05D-5). FAILURE: Broken Transtage pressurization feed lines prevented the geosynchronous orbit apogee burn from taking place. USA 31 Nation: USA. Payload: Chalet 5. Mass: 1,045 kg (2,303 lb). Class: Sigint. Spacecraft: Chalet. Agency: NRO/USAF. Perigee: 151 km (93 mi). Apogee: 14,103 km (8,763 mi). Inclination: 29.30 deg. Period: 99.80 min. COSPAR: 1988-077A. USAF Sat Cat: 19458. Chalet ELINT satellite; upper stage failure left in lower than planned orbit. References: 1, 2, 5, 6. 1988 September 3 - 14:10 GMT - Launch Site: Natal. Launch Vehicle: Skylark. Model: Skylark 12. LV Configuration: Skylark 12 DLR N-GRC-158. Skylark Interzodiak 2 Extreme ultraviolet Astronomy mission Nation: Germany. Agency: DFVLR. Apogee: 857 km (532 mi). References: 1084. 1988 September 5 - Launch Site: Vandenberg. Launch Vehicle: Titan 2. First Titan 2 standard launch vehicle launch Nation: USA. First Titan II standard launch vehicle (SLV), a refurbished and modified Titan II ICBM, launched from Vandenberg AFB. References: 88. 1988 September 5 - 09:25 GMT - Launch Site: Vandenberg. Launch Complex: SLC4. Launch Pad: SLC4W. Launch Vehicle: Titan 2. Model: Titan II SLV. LV Configuration: Titan 2 s/n M68B-56 + M68B-98 = 23G-1. USA 32 Nation: USA. Payload: SBWASS R1. Mass: 1,700 kg (3,700 lb). Class: Sigint. Spacecraft: Singleton. Agency: USAF. Perigee: 185 km (114 mi). Apogee: 292 km (181 mi). Inclination: 85.00 deg. Period: 89.30 min. COSPAR: 1988-078A. USAF Sat Cat: 19460. New class of signals intelligence satellite; possibly some kind of imaging also done. On-board propulsion boosts spacecraft to 800 km operating orbit. References: 1, 2, 5, 6, 172, 278. 1988 September 5 - 23:00 GMT - Launch Site: Tanegashima. Launch Complex: T. Launch Vehicle: TR-1. LV Configuration: TR-1 TR-1-1. TR-1 H-II 1/4 Scale model test flight Nation: Japan. Agency: NASDA. Apogee: 80 km (49 mi). References: 1904. 1988 September 6 - 07:30 GMT - Launch Site: Plesetsk. Launch Vehicle: Soyuz 11A511U. Model: Soyuz 11A511U. Cosmos 1967 Nation: USSR. Mass: 6,300 kg (13,800 lb). Class: Earth. Type: Landsat. Spacecraft: Zenit-8. Agency: MOM. Perigee: 191 km (118 mi). Apogee: 380 km (230 mi). Inclination: 72.90 deg. Period: 90.20 min. COSPAR: 1988-079A. USAF Sat Cat: 19462. Duration: 9.00 days. Decay Date: 1988-09-15. Military cartographic satellite; returned film capsule. References: 1, 2, 6. 1988 September 6 - 20:30 GMT - Launch Site: Taiyuan. Launch Complex: LC1. Launch Pad: LC1. Launch Vehicle: CZ-4A. Model: Chang Zheng 4. LV Configuration: Chang Zheng 4 CZ4-1 (19). FY-1A Nation: China. Payload: Feng Yun 1A. Mass: 750 kg (1,650 lb). Class: Technology. Type: Weather. Spacecraft: FY-1. Agency: MAI. Perigee: 875 km (543 mi). Apogee: 895 km (556 mi). Inclination: 98.80 deg. Period: 102.70 min. COSPAR: 1988-080A. USAF Sat Cat: 19467. Experimental weather satellite. First use of new launch site and launch vehicle. Failed after 38 days due to problems with attitude control system. References: 1, 2, 5, 6. 1988 September 7 - Landing of Soyuz TM-5 Nation: USSR. Program: Mir. Flight: Mir EP-3, Mir LD-2, Mir EO-3. Undocked 22:55 GMT 5 September. Jettisoned Orbital Module 23:35 GMT 5 September. Planned landing 02:15 September 6 1988 failed due to confusion of infrared horizon sensors. Repeat retrofire attempt one orbit later resulted in a partial burn only. The crew had to spend a tense 24 hours in the cramped Descent Module (the Orbital Module having already been jettisoned before the retrofire burn) before making last chance deorbit. Finally Lyakhov and Afghani cosmonaut Mohmand (Soyuz TM-6) returned safely to Earth and landed September 7, 1988 00:50 GMT, 160 km SE Dzhezkazgan. 1988 September 8 - 23:00 GMT - Launch Site: Kourou. Launch Complex: ELA2. Launch Pad: ELA2. Launch Vehicle: Ariane 2/3. Model: Ariane 3. LV Configuration: Ariane 3 V25. GStar 3 Nation: USA. Program: GTE. Mass: 1,270 kg (2,790 lb). Class: Communications. Spacecraft: AS 3000. Manufacturer: Lockheed Martin. Agency: GTE. Perigee: 35,769 km (22,225 mi). Apogee: 35,806 km (22,248 mi). Inclination: 5.30 deg. Period: 1,436.20 min. COSPAR: 1988-081A. USAF Sat Cat: 19483. Completed Operations Date: 1998-01-01. AKM malfunctioned, but orbit achieved using on-board propulsion system. Ku band communications satellite. Positioned in geosynchronous orbit at 93 deg W in 1989-1996; 105 deg W in 1996-1999 As of 5 September 2001 located at 105.39 deg W drifting at 0.005 deg W per day. As of 2007 Mar 9 located at 105.31W drifting at 0.004W degrees per day.References: 1, 2, 5, 6. SBS 5 Nation: USA. Program: SBS. Mass: 1,241 kg (2,735 lb). Class: Communications. Spacecraft: HS 376. Agency: IBM STLC. Perigee: 35,909 km (22,312 mi). Apogee: 35,937 km (22,330 mi). Inclination: 2.00 deg. Period: 1,443.10 min. COSPAR: 1988-081B. USAF Sat Cat: 19484. Completed Operations Date: 2000-03-13. Stationed at 122 deg W. Positioned in geosynchronous orbit at 123 deg W in 1988-2000 As of 5 September 2001 located at 22.98 deg E drifting at 1.728 deg W per day. As of 2007 Mar 9 located at 147.52E drifting at 1.709W degrees per day. References: 1, 2, 5, 6. 1988 September 9 - 10:40 GMT - Launch Site: Plesetsk. Launch Complex: LC41. Launch Pad: LC41/1. Launch Vehicle: Soyuz 11A511U. Model: Soyuz 11A511U. Cosmos 1968 Nation: USSR. Program: Resurs. Mass: 6,300 kg (13,800 lb). Class: Earth. Type: Landsat. Spacecraft: Resurs F1-14F43. Agency: MOM. Perigee: 177 km (109 mi). Apogee: 230 km (140 mi). Inclination: 82.30 deg. Period: 88.60 min. COSPAR: 1988-082A. USAF Sat Cat: 19488. Duration: 14.00 days. Decay Date: 1988-09-23. Investigation of the natural resources of the earth in the interests of various branches of the national economy of the USSR and international cooperation. References: 1, 2, 6. 1988 September 9 - 23:33 GMT - Launch Site: Baikonur. Launch Complex: LC1. Launch Pad: LC1. Launch Vehicle: Soyuz 11A511U2. Model: Soyuz 11A511U2. LV Configuration: Soyuz 11A511U2 76048930. Progress 38 Nation: USSR. Program: Mir. Payload: Progress s/n 146. Mass: 7,027 kg (15,491 lb). Class: Manned. Type: Logistics. Spacecraft: Progress. Agency: MOM. Perigee: 187 km (116 mi). Apogee: 248 km (154 mi). Inclination: 51.60 deg. Period: 88.90 min. COSPAR: 1988-083A. USAF Sat Cat: 19486. Duration: 74.81 days. Completed Operations Date: 1988-11-24 19:07:18. Decay Date: 1988-11-24 19:07:18. Flight: Mir LD-2, Mir EO-3. Unmanned resupply vessel to Mir. During launch first test of Buran ejection seat was made during ascent to orbit. The K-36M.11F35 seat was installed in an 'experimental droppable compartment' installed in place of the Launch Escape Tower engine on top of the shroud. Rendezvous orbits 186 X 246 km, 51. 63 deg; 234 X 332 km, 337 X 363 km. Docked with Mir on 12 Sep 1988 01:22:28 GMT. Delivered 2,000 kg supplies including 300 kg of food. Refuelled Mir. Undocked on 23 Nov 1988 12:12:46 GMT. Destroyed in reentry on 23 Nov 1988 19:06:58 GMT. Total free-flight time 2.36 days. Total docked time 72.45 days.References: 1, 2, 6, 275. 1988 September 10 - 17:10 GMT - Launch Site: Wallops Island. Launch Vehicle: Black Brant. Model: Black Brant IX. LV Configuration: Black Brant IX NASA 36.46UE. Black Brant ERIC III Plasma mission Nation: USA. Agency: NASA. Apogee: 300 km (180 mi). References: 931. 1988 September 11 - 07:30 GMT - Launch Site: White Sands. Launch Complex: LC36. Launch Vehicle: Black Brant. Model: Black Brant IX. LV Configuration: Black Brant IX NASA 36.31UG. Black Brant Astronomy mission Nation: USA. Agency: NASA. Apogee: 300 km (180 mi). References: 931. 1988 September 15 - 10:40 GMT - Launch Site: White Sands. Launch Vehicle: Black Brant. Model: Black Brant 8C. LV Configuration: Black Brant 8C NASA 27.110UL. Black Brant Aeronomy mission Nation: USA. Agency: NASA. Apogee: 340 km (210 mi). References: 931. 1988 September 15 - 15:00 GMT - Launch Site: Plesetsk. Launch Vehicle: Soyuz 11A511U. Model: Soyuz 11A511U. Cosmos 1969 Nation: USSR. Mass: 6,600 kg (14,500 lb). Class: Surveillance. Type: Military. Spacecraft: Yantar-4K1. Agency: MOM. Perigee: 165 km (102 mi). Apogee: 344 km (213 mi). Inclination: 67.10 deg. Period: 89.60 min. COSPAR: 1988-084A. USAF Sat Cat: 19495. Duration: 59.00 days. Decay Date: 1988-11-13. High resolution photo reconnaissance; returned film in two small SpK capsules during the mission and with the main capsule at completion of the mission. References: 1, 2, 6, 179. 1988 September 16 - 02:00 GMT - Launch Site: Baikonur. Launch Complex: LC200. Launch Pad: LC200/39. Launch Vehicle: Proton 8K82K / 11S861. Model: Proton-K/DM-2. LV Configuration: Proton-K/DM-2 349-02. Cosmos 1970 Nation: USSR. Payload: Glonass s/n 42L. Mass: 1,400 kg (3,000 lb). Class: Navigation. Spacecraft: Glonass . Agency: MOM. Perigee: 19,110 km (11,870 mi). Apogee: 19,150 km (11,890 mi). Inclination: 64.70 deg. Period: 675.70 min. COSPAR: 1988-085A. USAF Sat Cat: 19501. Glonass. Testing components and apparatus from the space navigation system being set up to determine the position of Soviet civil aircraft and vessels in the Soviet merchant marine and fishing fleet. Three satellites launched by a single rocket. References: 1, 2, 5, 6, 67, 274. Cosmos 1971 Nation: USSR. Payload: Glonass s/n 44L. Mass: 1,400 kg (3,000 lb). Class: Navigation. Spacecraft: Glonass. Agency: MOM. Perigee: 19,101 km (11,868 mi). Apogee: 19,157 km (11,903 mi). Inclination: 65.70 deg. Period: 675.70 min. COSPAR: 1988-085B. USAF Sat Cat: 19502. Glonass. Testing components and apparatus from the space navigation system being set up to determine the position of Soviet civil aircraft and vessels in the Soviet merchant marine and fishing fleet. Three satellites launched by a single rocket. References: 1, 2, 5, 6, 67, 274. Cosmos 1972 Nation: USSR. Payload: Glonass s/n 43L. Mass: 1,400 kg (3,000 lb). Class: Navigation. Spacecraft: Glonass. Agency: MOM. Perigee: 19,123 km (11,882 mi). Apogee: 19,136 km (11,890 mi). Inclination: 64.70 deg. Period: 675.70 min. COSPAR: 1988-085C. USAF Sat Cat: 19503. Glonass. Testing components and apparatus from the space navigation system being set up to determine the position of Soviet civil aircraft and vessels in the Soviet merchant marine and fishing fleet. Three satellites launched by a single rocket. References: 1, 2, 5, 6, 67, 274. 1988 September 16 - 09:59 GMT - Launch Site: Tanegashima. Launch Complex: N. Launch Pad: N. Launch Vehicle: H-1. Model: H-1. LV Configuration: H-1 H-19(F). Sakura 3B Nation: Japan. Program: CS. Payload: CS-3B. Mass: 1,100 kg (2,400 lb). Class: Communications. Spacecraft: CS-3. Agency: NASDA/TC. Perigee: 36,071 km (22,413 mi). Apogee: 36,093 km (22,427 mi). Inclination: 4.00 deg. Period: 1,451.20 min. COSPAR: 1988-086A. USAF Sat Cat: 19508. Completed Operations Date: 1997-11-10. Telephone communications; 136 deg E. CS-3B (Sakura 3-B). To continue communications services provided by the communications satellite 2 (CS-2). To meet increasing and diversifying demands for communications; to develop technologies for communications satellites. Launch vehicle H-I (H19F). La unching organization NASDA. Launch time 0959 GMT. Positioned in geosynchronous orbit at 149 deg E in 1988; 136 deg E in 1988-1997; 154 deg E in 1997 As of 28 August 2001 located at 128.96 deg W drifting at 3.783 deg W per day. As of 2007 Mar 10 located at 177.82E drifting at 3.765W degrees per day.References: 1, 2, 5, 6. 1988 September 19 - 09:32 GMT - Launch Site: Palmachim. Launch Vehicle: Shavit. Model: Shaviyt. LV Configuration: Shaviyt 1. Ofeq-1 Nation: Israel. Program: Offeq. Mass: 155 kg (341 lb). Class: Technology. Spacecraft: Ofeq 1-2. Agency: Israeli Space Agency. Perigee: 250 km (150 mi). Apogee: 1,149 km (713 mi). Inclination: 142.90 deg. Period: 98.80 min. COSPAR: 1988-087A. USAF Sat Cat: 19519. Decay Date: 1989-01-14. First Israeli launch; possibly experimental surveillance mission. Experimental satellite 'Offeq-1'. Launch time 0934 GMT. Location: site on the coast south of Tel-Aviv. Launching organization: Israel Aircraft Industries, Ltd (IAI) and Israeli Space Agency (ISA). Function: 1) Experimentation in generation of solar power; 2) Experimentation in transmission reception from space; 3) Verification of system's ability to withstand vacuum and weightless conditions; 4) Data collection on space environment conditions and Earth's magnetic field.References: 1, 2, 5, 6. 1988 September 22 - 10:20 GMT - Launch Site: Plesetsk. Launch Vehicle: Soyuz 11A511U. Model: Soyuz 11A511U. Cosmos 1973 Nation: USSR. Mass: 6,300 kg (13,800 lb). Class: Earth. Type: Landsat. Spacecraft: Zenit-8. Agency: MOM. Perigee: 192 km (119 mi). Apogee: 359 km (223 mi). Inclination: 72.80 deg. Period: 90.00 min. COSPAR: 1988-088A. USAF Sat Cat: 19521. Duration: 18.00 days. Decay Date: 1988-10-10. Military cartographic satellite; returned film capsule. References: 1, 2, 6. 1988 September 24 - 10:02 GMT - Launch Site: Vandenberg. Launch Complex: SLC3. Launch Pad: SLC3W. Launch Vehicle: Atlas E. Model: Atlas E. LV Configuration: Atlas E 63E / Star-37S-ISS. NOAA 11 Nation: USA. Program: Tiros. Payload: NOAA H. Mass: 1,712 kg (3,774 lb). Class: Earth. Type: Weather. Spacecraft: Advanced Tiros N. Agency: NOAA. Perigee: 838 km (520 mi). Apogee: 854 km (530 mi). Inclination: 99.20 deg. Period: 101.90 min. COSPAR: 1988-089A. USAF Sat Cat: 19531. Carried search & rescue package. Spacecraft engaged in practical applications and uses of space technology such as weather or communication (US Cat C). References: 1, 2, 5, 6, 278. 1988 September 26 - Launch Site: Plesetsk. Launch Vehicle: RT-23. Model: RT-23U 15Zh60. LV Configuration: RT-23U 15Zh60 15Zh60. RT-23 Test mission Nation: USSR. Agency: RVSN. Apogee: 1,000 km (600 mi). References: 475. 1988 September 27 - Launch Vehicle: JL-1. First JL-1 SLBM launch. Nation: China. Program: Long March. First successful JL-1 launch, impacting 123.53 deg N, 28.13 deg E. References: 87. 1988 September 27 - Launch Vehicle: JL-1. JL-1 Test mission Nation: China. Agency: PRC. Apogee: 500 km (310 mi). Launched from Yellow Sea launch area. References: 1864. 1988 September 29 - 09:07 GMT - Launch Site: Plesetsk. Launch Complex: LC41. Launch Pad: LC41/1. Launch Vehicle: Molniya 8K78M. Model: Molniya 8K78M. LV Configuration: Molniya 8K78M ML. Molniya 3-33 Nation: USSR. Program: Molniya. Payload: Molniya-3 s/n 51. Mass: 1,600 kg (3,500 lb). Class: Communications. Spacecraft: Molniya-3. Agency: MOM. Perigee: 1,867 km (1,160 mi). Apogee: 38,414 km (23,869 mi). Inclination: 65.00 deg. Period: 716.30 min. COSPAR: 1988-090A. USAF Sat Cat: 19541. Decay Date: 2002-02-04. Operation of the long-range telephone and telegraph radio communications system in the USSR; transmission of USSR Central Television programmes to stations in the Orbita network and within the framework of international cooperation. References: 1, 2, 5, 6. 1988 September 29 - 15:37 GMT - Launch Site: Cape Canaveral. Launch Complex: LC39. Launch Pad: LC39B. Launch Vehicle: Shuttle. Model: Space Shuttle. LV Configuration: Space Shuttle STS-26R. STS-26 Nation: USA. Program: STS. Payload: Discovery F07 / PDP. Mass: 21,082 kg (46,477 lb). Class: Manned. Type: Spaceplane. Spacecraft: Discovery. Agency: NASA JSC. Perigee: 301 km (187 mi). Apogee: 306 km (190 mi). Inclination: 28.50 deg. Period: 90.60 min. COSPAR: 1988-091A. USAF Sat Cat: 19547. Duration: 4.04 days. Decay Date: 1988-10-03. Crew: Covey, Hauck, Hilmers, Lounge, Nelson. Flight: STS-26. Manned five crew. First shuttle reflight after Challenger disaster. Deployed TDRS 3. Payloads: Deploy IUS (lnertial Upper Stage) with Tracking and Data Relay Satellite (TDRS)-C. 3M's Physical Vapor Transport Organics Solids 2 experiment (PVTOS), Automated Directional Solidification Furnace (ADSF), Infrared Communi-cations Flight Experiment (lRCFE), Protein Crystal Growth Il (PCG), Isoelectric Focusing (ISF)-2, Phase Partitioning Experiment (PPE), Aggrega-tion of Red Blood Cells (ARC)-2, Mesoscale Lightning Experiment (MLE)-1, Earth Limb Radiance (ELRAD), Orbiter Experiments (OEX), Autonomous Supporting Instrumentation System (OASlS)-I, two Shuttle Student Involvement Project (SSIP) experiments.References: 1, 2, 5, 6, 7. TDRS 3 Nation: USA. Program: STS. Payload: TDRS C. Mass: 2,200 kg (4,800 lb). Class: Communications. Spacecraft: TDRS. Agency: NASA GSF. Perigee: 35,774 km (22,228 mi). Apogee: 35,796 km (22,242 mi). Inclination: 0.50 deg. Period: 1,436.10 min. COSPAR: 1988-091B. USAF Sat Cat: 19548. NASA communications; 171 deg W; deployed from STS-26 . Spacecraft engaged in practical applications and uses of space technology such as weather or communication (US Cat C). Positioned in geosynchronous orbit at 151 deg W in 1988; 171 deg W in 1989-1990; 174 deg W in 1990-1991; 62 deg W in 1991-1994;171 deg W in 1994-1995; 85 deg E in 1995-1999 As of 26 August 2001 located at 85.17 deg E drifting at 0.007 deg E per day. As of 2007 Mar 10 located at 84.98E drifting at 0.004W degrees per day.References: 1, 2, 5, 6. 1988 September 30 - 18:10 GMT - Launch Site: Wallops Island. Launch Vehicle: Black Brant. Model: Black Brant XII. LV Configuration: Black Brant XII NASA 12.41WT. Black Brant BEARS Test/Aeronomy mission Nation: USA. Agency: NASA. Apogee: 950 km (590 mi). References: 931. Previous Home Next                   Contact us with any corrections, additions, or comments. Conditions for use of drawings, pictures, or other materials from this site.. To contact astronauts or cosmonauts. © Mark Wade, 1997 - 2007 except where otherwise noted.

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