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Chronology - Quarter 3 1990
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1990 July 2 - - Giotto, Earth Flyby Spacecraft: Giotto.
1990 July 3 - Launch Site: Plesetsk. Launch Complex: LC16. Launch Pad: LC16/2. Launch Vehicle: Soyuz 11A511U. Model: Soyuz 11A511U. FAILURE: Failure. -
 Yantar-4K1 Nation: USSR. Spacecraft: Yantar-4K1. Agency: UNKS. COSPAR: F900703A. High resolution photo reconnaissance mission. References: 279.
1990 July 6 - -
 Western Alliance ends Cold War and proposes joint action with Soviet Union and Eastern Europe Nation: International.
1990 July 11 - 10:00 GMT - Launch Site: Baikonur. Launch Complex: LC1. Launch Pad: LC1. Launch Vehicle: Soyuz 11A511U2. Model: Soyuz 11A511U2. - Gamma Nation: USSR. Payload: Gamma s/n 1L. Mass: 7,350 kg (16,200 lb). Class: Astronomy. Spacecraft: Gamma. Agency: MOM. Perigee: 382 km (237 mi). Apogee: 387 km (240 mi). Inclination: 51.60 deg. Period: 92.30 min. COSPAR: 1990-058A. USAF Sat Cat: 20683. Duration: 1,388.41 days. Decay Date: 1992-02-28. Spacecraft mission was research in the field of high-energy (gamma/x-ray) astrophysics conducted jointly with France and Poland. The satellite was based on the Soyuz manned spacecraft and had an extremely long gestation - conceived in 1965, authorised in 1976, scheduled originally for launch in 1984, but further severe technical delays resulted in a 1990 launch.References: 1, 2, 6.
1990 July 12 - Launch Site: Biscarosse. Launch Vehicle: Black Brant. Model: Black Brant VC. -
 Black Brant Test mission? Nation: France. Agency: AERO. Apogee: 250 km (150 mi). References: 790.
1990 July 16 - 00:40 GMT - Launch Site: Xichang. Launch Complex: LC2. Launch Pad: LC2. Launch Vehicle: CZ-2E. Model: Chang Zheng 2E. LV Configuration: Chang Zheng 2E CZ2E-1 (23). -
 Badr-A Nation: Pakistan. Payload: Badr 1 + R&D. Mass: 52 kg (114 lb). Class: Technology. Type: Comsat. Spacecraft: Badr. Agency: Suparco. Perigee: 208 km (129 mi). Apogee: 988 km (613 mi). Inclination: 28.50 deg. Period: 96.70 min. COSPAR: 1990-059A. USAF Sat Cat: 20685. Decay Date: 1990-12-08. First launch of new Chinese launch vehicle. Experimental Pakistani payload. References: 1, 2, 5, 6.
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 HS-601 Model Nation: China. Agency: PRC. COSPAR: 1990-059xx. First launch of new Chinese launch vehicle. References: 279.
1990 July 16 - 07:00 GMT - Launch Site: White Sands. Launch Vehicle: Black Brant. Model: Black Brant 8C. LV Configuration: Black Brant 8C NASA 27.124UG. -
 Black Brant Astronomy mission Nation: USA. Agency: NASA. Apogee: 340 km (210 mi). References: 931.
1990 July 17 - - EVA Mir EO-6-1 Nation: USSR. Program: Mir. Class: Manned. Type: Space station. Spacecraft: Mir. Crew: Solovyov, Balandin. Flight: Mir EO-6. EVA Duration: 0.30 days. Repaired Soyuz TM-9 insulation rip. References: 66.
1990 July 17 - 09:29 GMT - Launch Site: Plesetsk. Launch Complex: LC43. Launch Pad: LC43/3. Launch Vehicle: Soyuz 11A511U. Model: Soyuz 11A511U. - Resurs F-07 Nation: USSR. Program: Resurs. Payload: Resurs-F2 17F42 s/n 5. Mass: 6,300 kg (13,800 lb). Class: Earth. Type: Landsat. Spacecraft: Resurs F2. Agency: MOM. Perigee: 177 km (109 mi). Apogee: 236 km (146 mi). Inclination: 82.30 deg. Period: 88.60 min. COSPAR: 1990-060A. USAF Sat Cat: 20687. Duration: 30.00 days. Decay Date: 1990-08-16. Investigation of the natural resources of the Earth in the interests of various branches of the national economy of the USSR; solution of problems relating to ecology and international cooperation. References: 1, 2, 6.
1990 July 18 - 21:46 GMT - Launch Site: Baikonur. Launch Complex: LC200. Launch Pad: LC200/39. Launch Vehicle: Proton 8K82K / 11S861. Model: Proton-K/DM-2. LV Configuration: Proton-K/DM-2 340-01. - Cosmos 2085 Nation: USSR. Payload: Potok no. 6 s/n 17L. Mass: 2,150 kg (4,730 lb). Class: Communications. Type: Military. Spacecraft: Potok. Agency: MOM. Perigee: 35,785 km (22,235 mi). Apogee: 35,790 km (22,230 mi). Inclination: 1.50 deg. Period: 1,436.20 min. COSPAR: 1990-061A. USAF Sat Cat: 20693. Completed Operations Date: 1995-01-01. Stationed at 80 deg E. Relaying of telegraph and telephone information. Positioned in geosynchronous orbit at 80 deg E in 1990-1994 As of 29 August 2001 located at 71.92 deg E drifting at 0.041 deg W per day. As of 2007 Mar 10 located at 79.57E drifting at 0.022W degrees per day.References: 1, 2, 5, 6, 67, 112, 274.
1990 July 20 - 08:40 GMT - Launch Site: Plesetsk. Launch Vehicle: Soyuz 11A511U. Model: Soyuz 11A511U. - Cosmos 2086 Nation: USSR. Mass: 6,300 kg (13,800 lb). Class: Earth. Type: Landsat. Spacecraft: Zenit-8. Agency: MOM. Perigee: 178 km (110 mi). Apogee: 220 km (130 mi). Inclination: 82.30 deg. Period: 88.50 min. COSPAR: 1990-062A. USAF Sat Cat: 20702. Duration: 14.00 days. Decay Date: 1990-08-03. Military cartographic satellite; returned film capsule. References: 1, 2, 6.
1990 July 24 - 22:25 GMT - Launch Site: Kourou. Launch Complex: ELA2. Launch Pad: ELA2. Launch Vehicle: Ariane 44L. Model: Ariane 44L. LV Configuration: Ariane 44L V37. - TDF 2 Nation: France. Program: TDF. Mass: 2,096 kg (4,620 lb). Class: Communications. Spacecraft: Spacebus 300. Agency: France T. Perigee: 36,085 km (22,422 mi). Apogee: 36,435 km (22,639 mi). Inclination: 3.10 deg. Period: 1,460.40 min. COSPAR: 1990-063A. USAF Sat Cat: 20705. Completed Operations Date: 1999-05-26. French DBS; 19 deg W. Direct broadcasting satellite. Registration 1990-2-B. Positioned in geosynchronous orbit at 19 deg W in 1990-1997; 36 deg E in 1997-1999 As of 5 September 2001 located at 62.59 deg E drifting at 6.006 deg W per day. As of 2007 Mar 9 located at 98.15W drifting at 5.991W degrees per day.References: 1, 2, 5, 6.
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 DFS 2 Nation: Germany. Program: DFS. Payload: Kopernikus 2. Mass: 1,418 kg (3,126 lb). Class: Communications. Spacecraft: Spacebus 100. Agency: Bundespo. Perigee: 35,965 km (22,347 mi). Apogee: 36,014 km (22,378 mi). Inclination: 1.40 deg. Period: 1,446.50 min. COSPAR: 1990-063B. USAF Sat Cat: 20706. West German DBS; 28.5 deg E. Communications satellite, position 28.5E Ariane 4 flight no 37. Positioned in geosynchronous orbit at 28 deg E in 1990-1999 As of 30 August 2001 located at 32.30 deg E drifting at 0.451 deg W per day. As of 2007 Mar 11 located at 128.29W drifting at 2.623W degrees per day.References: 1, 2, 5, 6.
1990 July 25 - 18:13 GMT - Launch Site: Plesetsk. Launch Complex: LC16. Launch Pad: LC16/2. Launch Vehicle: Molniya 8K78M. Model: Molniya 8K78M. LV Configuration: Molniya 8K78M 2BL. - Cosmos 2087 Nation: USSR. Payload: Oko #65. Mass: 1,900 kg (4,100 lb). Class: Early Warning. Spacecraft: Oko. Agency: MOM. Perigee: 3,357 km (2,085 mi). Apogee: 36,991 km (22,985 mi). Inclination: 67.50 deg. Period: 717.60 min. COSPAR: 1990-064A. USAF Sat Cat: 20707. Replaced Cosmos 2084. Covered Oko constellation plane 6 - 117 degree longitude of ascending node. References: 1, 2, 5, 6, 100.
1990 July 25 - 19:21 GMT - Launch Site: Cape Canaveral. Launch Complex: LC36. Launch Pad: LC36B. Launch Vehicle: Atlas I. Model: Atlas I. LV Configuration: Atlas I AC-69 / Centaur I 5049. - CRRES Nation: USA. Payload: CRRES (P 86-1). Mass: 1,629 kg (3,591 lb). Class: Earth. Type: Magnetosphere. Spacecraft: CRRES. Agency: USAF/NAS. Perigee: 335 km (208 mi). Apogee: 34,739 km (21,585 mi). Inclination: 18.00 deg. Period: 613.40 min. COSPAR: 1990-065A. USAF Sat Cat: 20712. Combined Release and Radiation Effects Satellite. First launch of commercial Atlas-Centaur. Spacecraft engaged in research and exploration of the upper atmosphere or outer space. Elliptical orbit; MRS trajectory. References: 1, 2, 5, 6, 278.
1990 July 26 - - EVA Mir EO-6-2 Nation: USSR. Program: Mir. Class: Manned. Type: Space station. Spacecraft: Mir. Crew: Solovyov, Balandin. Flight: Mir EO-6. EVA Duration: 0.15 days. Dismantled equipment. Temporarily closed damaged hatch. References: 66.
1990 July 26 - 23:05 GMT - Launch Site: Kiruna. Launch Complex: S. Launch Vehicle: Skylark. Model: Skylark 6. LV Configuration: Skylark 6 DLR K-GRVI-181. - Skylark SISSI 2 Aeronomy mission Nation: Germany. Agency: DLR. Apogee: 168 km (104 mi). References: 1582.
1990 July 30 - 00:06 GMT - Launch Site: Plesetsk. Launch Complex: LC32. Launch Pad: LC32/1. Launch Vehicle: Tsyklon 3. Model: Tsiklon-3. - Cosmos 2088 Nation: USSR. Payload: Geo-IK no. 12. Mass: 1,500 kg (3,300 lb). Class: Earth. Type: Geodetic. Spacecraft: Geo-IK. Agency: MO SSSR. Perigee: 1,484 km (922 mi). Apogee: 1,524 km (946 mi). Inclination: 73.60 deg. Period: 116.10 min. COSPAR: 1990-066A. USAF Sat Cat: 20720. Investigation of outer space. References: 1, 2, 5, 6, 114.
1990 July 30 - 09:48 GMT - Launch Site: Kwajalein. Launch Complex: RN. Launch Vehicle: Terrier Malemute. LV Configuration: Terrier Malemute NASA 29.28UE. - Terrier Malemute EQUIS Spread F Plasma mission Nation: USA. Agency: NASA. Apogee: 480 km (290 mi). References: 931.
1990 July 31 - 12:55 GMT - Launch Site: Plesetsk. Launch Vehicle: Topol. Model: Topol'. - Topol Test mission Nation: USSR. Agency: RVSN. Apogee: 1,000 km (600 mi). References: 1838.
1990 August 1 - Launch Site: Vandenberg. - Troops from the 30th Space Wing began deployed Nation: USA. Troops from the 30th Space Wing began deployment to the Persian Gulf in support of Operation Desert Shield. References: 88.
1990 August 1 - - CNES Astronaut Training Group 2 selected. Nation: France. French astronauts trained for flights to the Mir space station.
1990 August 1 - 09:32 GMT - Launch Site: Baikonur. Launch Complex: LC1. Launch Pad: LC1. Launch Vehicle: Soyuz 11A511U2. Model: Soyuz 11A511U2. - Soyuz TM-10 Nation: USSR. Program: Mir. Payload: Soyuz TM 11F732 s/n 61A. Mass: 7,150 kg (15,760 lb). Class: Manned. Type: Spacecraft. Spacecraft: Soyuz TM. Agency: MOM. Perigee: 198 km (123 mi). Apogee: 219 km (136 mi). Inclination: 51.60 deg. Period: 88.70 min. COSPAR: 1990-067A. USAF Sat Cat: 20722. Duration: 130.86 days. Decay Date: 1990-12-10. Crew: Manakov, Strekalov. Flight: Mir EO-7, Mir EO-6. Manned two crew. Docked with Mir. Mir Expedition EO-07. Transported to the Mir manned orbital station the crew consisting of the cosmonauts G M Manakov and G M Strekalov for the purpose of carrying out a programme of geophysical and astrophysical research, biological and biotechnological experiments, and work on space-materials science.References: 1, 2, 6,51.
1990 August 2 - - Iraqi troops invade Kuwait and seize petroleum reserves, setting off Persian Gulf War Nation: International.
1990 August 2 - Launch Vehicle: Babylon Gun. -
 Iraq invades Kuwait. Nation: Iraq. Iraq invaded Kuwait, precipitating the Gulf War. This ended Western covert sponsorship of Iraqi supergun, space launch, and long-range missile projects.
1990 August 2 - 05:39 GMT - Launch Site: Cape Canaveral. Launch Complex: LC17. Launch Pad: LC17A. Launch Vehicle: Delta 6000. Model: Delta 6925. LV Configuration: Delta 6925 D197. - USA 63 Nation: USA. Program: Navstar. Payload: GPS 2-8 / GPS SVN 21. Mass: 1,665 kg (3,670 lb). Class: Navigation. Spacecraft: GPS Block 2 and 2A. Agency: USAF. Perigee: 19,896 km (12,362 mi). Apogee: 20,468 km (12,718 mi). Inclination: 54.70 deg. Period: 718.00 min. COSPAR: 1990-068A. USAF Sat Cat: 20724. Global Positioning System. Placed in Plane E Slot 2. References: 1, 2, 5, 6.
1990 August 2 - 10:07 GMT - Launch Site: Kwajalein. Launch Complex: RN. Launch Vehicle: Terrier Malemute. LV Configuration: Terrier Malemute NASA 29.29UE. - Terrier Malemute EQUIS Spread F Plasma mission Nation: USA. Agency: NASA. Apogee: 480 km (290 mi). References: 931.
1990 August 2 - 22:40 GMT - Launch Site: Kiruna. Launch Complex: S. Launch Vehicle: Skylark. Model: Skylark 7. LV Configuration: Skylark 7 DLR K-GR-182. - Skylark SISSI 3 Aeronomy mission Nation: Germany. Agency: DLR. Apogee: 239 km (148 mi). References: 1582.
1990 August 3 - 19:45 GMT - Launch Site: Plesetsk. Launch Vehicle: Soyuz 11A511U. Model: Soyuz 11A511U. - Cosmos 2089 Nation: USSR. Mass: 6,600 kg (14,500 lb). Class: Surveillance. Type: Military. Spacecraft: Yantar-4K1. Agency: MOM. Perigee: 187 km (116 mi). Apogee: 320 km (190 mi). Inclination: 62.80 deg. Period: 89.60 min. COSPAR: 1990-069A. USAF Sat Cat: 20732. Duration: 59.00 days. Decay Date: 1990-10-01. High resolution photo reconnaissance; returned film in two small SpK capsules during the mission and with the main capsule at completion of the mission. References: 1, 2, 6, 179.
1990 August 5 - Launch Site: Vandenberg. - First flight of the air-launched Pegasus LV Nation: USA. First flight of the air-launched Pegasus space booster employing a B-52 carrier aircraft over the Western Range. References: 88.
1990 August 8 - 04:15 GMT - Launch Site: Plesetsk. Launch Complex: LC32. Launch Pad: LC32. Launch Vehicle: Tsyklon 3. Model: Tsiklon-3. - Cosmos 2090 Nation: USSR. Program: Strela. Payload: Strela-3 no. 41. Mass: 220 kg (480 lb). Class: Communications. Type: Military Store-dump. Spacecraft: Strela-3. Agency: MO SSSR. Perigee: 1,392 km (864 mi). Apogee: 1,412 km (877 mi). Inclination: 82.60 deg. Period: 113.80 min. COSPAR: 1990-070A. USAF Sat Cat: 20735. Six satellites launched by a single carrier rocket. References: 1, 2, 5, 6, 105.
- Cosmos 2091 Nation: USSR. Program: Strela. Payload: Strela-3 no. 42. Mass: 220 kg (480 lb). Class: Communications. Type: Military Store-dump. Spacecraft: Strela-3. Agency: MO SSSR. Perigee: 1,411 km (876 mi). Apogee: 1,415 km (879 mi). Inclination: 82.60 deg. Period: 114.10 min. COSPAR: 1990-070B. USAF Sat Cat: 20736. References: 1, 2, 5, 6, 105.
- Cosmos 2092 Nation: USSR. Program: Strela. Payload: Strela-3 no. 43. Mass: 220 kg (480 lb). Class: Communications. Type: Military Store-dump. Spacecraft: Strela-3. Agency: MO SSSR. Perigee: 1,407 km (874 mi). Apogee: 1,413 km (877 mi). Inclination: 82.60 deg. Period: 114.00 min. COSPAR: 1990-070C. USAF Sat Cat: 20737. References: 1, 2, 5, 6, 105.
- Cosmos 2093 Nation: USSR. Program: Strela. Payload: Strela-3 no. 44. Mass: 220 kg (480 lb). Class: Communications. Type: Military Store-dump. Spacecraft: Strela-3. Agency: MO SSSR. Perigee: 1,401 km (870 mi). Apogee: 1,413 km (877 mi). Inclination: 82.60 deg. Period: 113.90 min. COSPAR: 1990-070D. USAF Sat Cat: 20738. References: 1, 2, 5, 6, 105.
- Cosmos 2094 Nation: USSR. Program: Strela. Payload: Strela-3 no. 45. Mass: 220 kg (480 lb). Class: Communications. Type: Military Store-dump. Spacecraft: Strela-3. Agency: MO SSSR. Perigee: 1,396 km (867 mi). Apogee: 1,412 km (877 mi). Inclination: 82.60 deg. Period: 113.90 min. COSPAR: 1990-070E. USAF Sat Cat: 20739. References: 1, 2, 5, 6, 105.
- Cosmos 2095 Nation: USSR. Program: Strela. Payload: Strela-3 no. 46. Mass: 220 kg (480 lb). Class: Communications. Type: Military Store-dump. Spacecraft: Strela-3. Agency: MO SSSR. Perigee: 1,384 km (859 mi). Apogee: 1,413 km (877 mi). Inclination: 82.60 deg. Period: 113.80 min. COSPAR: 1990-070F. USAF Sat Cat: 20740. References: 1, 2, 5, 6, 105.
1990 August 8 - 11:50 GMT - Launch Site: Plesetsk. Launch Vehicle: Topol. Model: Topol'. - Topol Test mission Nation: USSR. Agency: RVSN. Apogee: 1,000 km (600 mi). References: 1838.
1990 August 9 - Launch Site: Palmachim. Launch Complex: IAFTR. Launch Pad: Israeli ship. Launch Vehicle: Arrow 1. FAILURE: Failure. -
 Arrow 1 Test mission Nation: Israel. Agency: IAI. Launched from Israeli vessel. References: 1002.
1990 August 9 - 20:18 GMT - Launch Site: Baikonur. Launch Complex: LC200. Launch Pad: LC200/39. Launch Vehicle: Proton 8K82K / 11S861. Model: Proton-K/DM-2. LV Configuration: Proton-K/DM-2 345-02. FAILURE: Third stage failure. - Ekran-M s/n 14L Nation: USSR. Payload: Ekran-M s/n 14L. Mass: 1,970 kg (4,340 lb). Class: Communications. Spacecraft: Ekran-M. Agency: UNKS. COSPAR: F900809A. References: 5, 67, 274.
1990 August 9 - - Landing of Soyuz TM-9 Nation: USSR. Program: Mir. Flight: Mir EO-6, Mir EO-7. Soyuz TM-9 landed at 07:35 GMT, 70 km from Arkalyk at 50 deg 51'E 67 deg 17' N.
1990 August 10 - - Magellan, Venus Orbit Insertion Spacecraft: Magellan.
1990 August 10 - 20:18 GMT - Launch Site: Plesetsk. Launch Vehicle: Molniya 8K78M. Model: Molniya 8K78M. LV Configuration: Molniya 8K78M ML. - Molniya 1-78 Nation: USSR. Program: Molniya. Payload: Molniya-1T. Mass: 1,600 kg (3,500 lb). Class: Communications. Spacecraft: Molniya-1T. Agency: MOM. Perigee: 1,099 km (682 mi). Apogee: 39,251 km (24,389 mi). Inclination: 63.80 deg. Period: 717.70 min. COSPAR: 1990-071A. USAF Sat Cat: 20742. Operation of the long-range telephone and telegraph radio communications system in the USSR; transmission of USSR Central Television programmes to stations in the Orbita network and within the framework of international cooperation. References: 1, 2, 5, 6.
1990 August 11 - 08:10 GMT - Launch Site: Kwajalein. Launch Complex: RN. Launch Vehicle: Taurus Nike Tomahawk TNT. Model: Taurus Nike Tomahawk. LV Configuration: Taurus Nike Tomahawk NASA 38.17UE. - Taurus Nike Tomahawk TNT CRRES AA-5 Plasma mission Nation: USA. Agency: NASA. Apogee: 375 km (233 mi). References: 931.
1990 August 15 - Launch Vehicle: Al Hussein. - Al Hussein Weapon Test mission Nation: Iraq. Agency: IRAQ. Apogee: 100 km (60 mi). Launched from Mobile launchers in Iraq, SE of Basra
1990 August 15 - 04:00 GMT - Launch Site: Baikonur. Launch Complex: LC1. Launch Pad: LC1. Launch Vehicle: Soyuz 11A511U2. Model: Soyuz 11A511U2. LV Configuration: Soyuz 11A511U2 T15000-042. - Progress M-4 Nation: USSR. Program: Mir. Payload: Progress M s/n 204. Mass: 7,294 kg (16,080 lb). Class: Manned. Type: Logistics. Spacecraft: Progress M. Agency: MOM. Perigee: 184 km (114 mi). Apogee: 219 km (136 mi). Inclination: 51.60 deg. Period: 88.50 min. COSPAR: 1990-072A. USAF Sat Cat: 20752. Duration: 36.32 days. Completed Operations Date: 1990-09-20 11:43:08. Decay Date: 1990-09-20 11:43:08. Flight: Mir EO-7. Unmanned resupply vessel to Mir. Delivered cables for rewiring operations and equipment for Soyuz TM-11 Japanese journalist flight. Docked with Mir on 17 Aug 1990 05:26:13 GMT. Undocked on 17 Sep 1990 12:42:43 GMT. Destroyed in reentry on 20 Sep 1990 11:42:49 GMT. Total free-flight time 5.02 days. Total docked time 31.30 days.References: 1, 2, 6, 275.
1990 August 15 - 08:29 GMT - Launch Site: Kwajalein. Launch Complex: RN. Launch Vehicle: Taurus Nike Tomahawk TNT. Model: Taurus Nike Tomahawk. LV Configuration: Taurus Nike Tomahawk NASA 38.15UE. - Taurus Nike Tomahawk TNT CRRES AA-6 Plasma mission Nation: USA. Agency: NASA. Apogee: 428 km (265 mi). References: 931.
1990 August 15 - 08:43 GMT - Launch Site: Kwajalein. Launch Complex: RN. Launch Vehicle: Taurus Nike Tomahawk TNT. Model: Taurus Nike Tomahawk. LV Configuration: Taurus Nike Tomahawk NASA 38.16UE. - Taurus Nike Tomahawk TNT CRRES Plasma mission Nation: USA. Agency: NASA. Apogee: 440 km (270 mi). References: 931.
1990 August 16 - 07:20 GMT - Launch Site: Plesetsk. Launch Vehicle: Topol. Model: Topol'. - Topol Test mission Nation: USSR. Agency: RVSN. Apogee: 1,000 km (600 mi). References: 1838.
1990 August 16 - 09:54 GMT - Launch Site: Plesetsk. Launch Complex: LC43. Launch Pad: LC43/4. Launch Vehicle: Soyuz 11A511U. Model: Soyuz 11A511U. - Resurs F-08 Nation: USSR. Program: Resurs. Payload: Resurs-F1 14F43 s/n 49. Mass: 6,300 kg (13,800 lb). Class: Earth. Type: Landsat. Spacecraft: Resurs F1-14F43. Agency: MOM. Perigee: 176 km (109 mi). Apogee: 229 km (142 mi). Inclination: 82.30 deg. Period: 88.50 min. COSPAR: 1990-073A. USAF Sat Cat: 20754. Duration: 16.00 days. Decay Date: 1990-09-01. Investigation of the natural resources of the Earth in the interests of various branches of the national economy of the USSR; solution of problems relating to ecology and international cooperation. References: 1, 2, 6.
1990 August 17 - 10:00 GMT - Launch Site: Baikonur. Launch Vehicle: R-36M2. Model: R-36M2 15A18M. - R-36M2 State trials missile test Nation: USSR. Agency: RVSN. Apogee: 1,000 km (600 mi). References: 1838.
1990 August 18 - 00:42 GMT - Launch Site: Cape Canaveral. Launch Complex: LC17. Launch Pad: LC17B. Launch Vehicle: Delta 6000. Model: Delta 6925. LV Configuration: Delta 6925 D198. -
 Thor 1 / BSB-R2 Nation: Norway. Program: Thor Comsat. Payload: Marco Polo 2. Mass: 1,220 kg (2,680 lb). Class: Communications. Spacecraft: HS 376. Agency: BSB. Perigee: 35,779 km (22,231 mi). Apogee: 35,794 km (22,241 mi). Inclination: 0.00 deg. Period: 1,436.10 min. COSPAR: 1990-074A. USAF Sat Cat: 20762. UK DBS; 31 deg W. Direct broadcasting system. Expected operational life 12.5 yr. Owner/operator: British Sky Broadcasting Ltd, 6 Centaurs Business Park, Grant Way, Isleworth, Middlesex TW7 5QD. Sold on-orbit in 1992 to Telenor Norway and redesignated Thor 1. Positioned in geosynchronous orbit at 50 deg W in 1990; 31 deg W in 1991-1992; 1 deg W in 1992-1999 As of 3 September 2001 located at 0.72 deg W drifting at 0.001 deg E per day. As of 2007 Mar 9 located at 61.51W drifting at 3.830W degrees per day.References: 1, 2, 5, 6.
1990 August 22 - 08:16 GMT - Launch Site: Kwajalein. Launch Complex: RN. Launch Vehicle: Black Brant. Model: Black Brant IX. LV Configuration: Black Brant IX NASA 36.56DE. - Black Brant NICARE Plasma mission Nation: USA. Agency: NASA. Apogee: 350 km (210 mi). References: 931.
1990 August 22 - 08:40 GMT - Launch Site: Kwajalein. Launch Complex: RN. Launch Vehicle: Taurus Nike Tomahawk TNT. Model: Taurus Nike Tomahawk. LV Configuration: Taurus Nike Tomahawk NASA 38.18UE. - Taurus Nike Tomahawk TNT CRRES Plasma mission Nation: USA. Agency: NASA. Apogee: 440 km (270 mi). References: 931.
1990 August 23 - 16:17 GMT - Launch Site: Baikonur. Launch Complex: LC90. Launch Pad: LC90. Launch Vehicle: Tsyklon 2. Model: Tsiklon-2. - Cosmos 2096 Nation: USSR. Program: EORSAT. Mass: 3,000 kg (6,600 lb). Class: Sigint. Type: Naval reconnaisance. Spacecraft: US-P. Agency: MO SSSR. Perigee: 402 km (249 mi). Apogee: 415 km (257 mi). Inclination: 65.00 deg. Period: 92.70 min. COSPAR: 1990-075A. USAF Sat Cat: 20765. Decay Date: 1992-08-30. Ocean surveillance. References: 1, 2, 5, 6.
1990 August 25 - Launch Site: Wallops Island. Launch Vehicle: Black Brant. Model: Black Brant 10CM1. LV Configuration: Black Brant 10CM1 SDI BP-1. - Black Brant Technology mission Nation: USA. Agency: SDIO. Apogee: 900 km (550 mi). References: 996.
1990 August 28 - 07:49 GMT - Launch Site: Plesetsk. Launch Complex: LC43. Launch Pad: LC43/4. Launch Vehicle: Molniya 8K78M. Model: Molniya 8K78M. LV Configuration: Molniya 8K78M 2BL. - Cosmos 2097 Nation: USSR. Payload: Oko #66. Mass: 1,900 kg (4,100 lb). Class: Early Warning. Spacecraft: Oko. Agency: MOM. Perigee: 3,383 km (2,102 mi). Apogee: 37,021 km (23,003 mi). Inclination: 66.50 deg. Period: 718.80 min. COSPAR: 1990-076A. USAF Sat Cat: 20767. Covered Oko constellation plane 3 - 357 degree longitude of ascending node. References: 1, 2, 5, 6, 100.
1990 August 28 - 09:05 GMT - Launch Site: Tanegashima. Launch Complex: N. Launch Pad: N. Launch Vehicle: H-1. Model: H-1. LV Configuration: H-1 H-22(F). -
 Yuri 3A Nation: Japan. Program: BS. Payload: BS-3a. Mass: 1,115 kg (2,458 lb). Class: Communications. Spacecraft: AS 3000. Manufacturer: Lockheed Martin. Agency: NASDA/TC. Perigee: 36,157 km (22,466 mi). Apogee: 36,245 km (22,521 mi). Inclination: 3.50 deg. Period: 1,457.30 min. COSPAR: 1990-077A. USAF Sat Cat: 20771. Completed Operations Date: 1998-04-20. Japanese DBS; 110 deg E. Continuation of broadcasting services by BS-2; accommodations to increasing and diversifying demands for broadcasting; establishment of common technology necessary for broadcasting satellite. Launching organization NASDA. Launch time 0905 GMT. BS-3a 'Yuri -3a'. Positioned in geosynchronous orbit at 110 deg E in 1990-1998 As of 2 September 2001 located at 84.62 deg E drifting at 5.278 deg W per day. As of 2007 Mar 10 located at 83.70W drifting at 5.275W degrees per day.References: 1, 2, 5, 6.
1990 August 28 - 15:45 GMT - Launch Site: Plesetsk. Launch Complex: LC133. Launch Pad: LC133/3. Launch Vehicle: Kosmos 11K65M. Model: Kosmos 11K65M. LV Configuration: Kosmos 11K65M 53711-240. - Cosmos 2098 Nation: USSR. Mass: 550 kg (1,210 lb). Class: Calibration. Spacecraft: Taifun-1. Agency: MO SSSR. Perigee: 392 km (243 mi). Apogee: 1,747 km (1,085 mi). Inclination: 83.00 deg. Period: 106.60 min. COSPAR: 1990-078A. USAF Sat Cat: 20774. Radar calibration mission. References: 1, 2, 5, 6.
1990 August 29 - 05:00 GMT - Launch Site: Baikonur. Launch Vehicle: R-36M2. Model: R-36M2 15A18M. - R-36M2 Operational missile test Nation: USSR. Agency: RVSN. Apogee: 1,000 km (600 mi). References: 1838.
1990 August 30 - 22:46 GMT - Launch Site: Kourou. Launch Complex: ELA2. Launch Pad: ELA2. Launch Vehicle: Ariane 44LP. Model: Ariane 44LP. LV Configuration: Ariane 44LP V38. -
 Skynet 4C Nation: UK. Program: Skynet. Mass: 1,463 kg (3,225 lb). Class: Communications. Type: Military. Spacecraft: ECS/OTS. Agency: UK MoD. Perigee: 35,781 km (22,233 mi). Apogee: 35,793 km (22,240 mi). Inclination: 2.00 deg. Period: 1,436.10 min. COSPAR: 1990-079A. USAF Sat Cat: 20776. UK military communications; 1 deg W. United Kingdom military communications satellite. Owner/operator: UK Ministry of Defence. Expected operational life 10 years. Positioned in geosynchronous orbit at 1 deg W in 1990-1999 As of 3 September 2001 located at 0.97 deg W drifting at 0.002 deg E per day. As of 2007 Mar 10 located at 1.27W drifting at 0.000W degrees per day.References: 1, 2, 5, 6.
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 Eutelsat II F1 Nation: Europe. Program: Eutelsat. Mass: 1,878 kg (4,140 lb). Class: Communications. Spacecraft: Spacebus 100. Agency: Eutelsat. Perigee: 35,769 km (22,225 mi). Apogee: 35,806 km (22,248 mi). Inclination: 0.10 deg. Period: 1,436.20 min. COSPAR: 1990-079B. USAF Sat Cat: 20777. Stationed at 13 deg E. Telecommunications satellite. Registered by France in ST/SG/SER.E/234 and 239 until EUTELSAT can register the satellite. EUTELSAT is the European Telecommunications Satellite Organization. Positioned in geosynchronous orbit at 13 deg E in 1990-1998; 48 deg E in 1999. As of 26 August 2001 located at 48.45 deg E drifting at 0.011 deg E per day. As of 2007 Mar 9 located at 6.45E drifting at 3.328W degrees per day.References: 1, 2, 5, 6.
1990 August 31 - 08:00 GMT - Launch Site: Plesetsk. Launch Vehicle: Soyuz 11A511U. Model: Soyuz 11A511U. - Cosmos 2099 Nation: USSR. Mass: 6,300 kg (13,800 lb). Class: Earth. Type: Landsat. Spacecraft: Zenit-8. Agency: MOM. Perigee: 175 km (108 mi). Apogee: 226 km (140 mi). Inclination: 82.30 deg. Period: 88.50 min. COSPAR: 1990-080A. USAF Sat Cat: 20779. Duration: 14.00 days. Decay Date: 1990-09-14. Military cartographic satellite; returned film capsule. References: 1, 2, 6.
1990 September - - COBE's liquid helium supply exhausted Nation: USA. Spacecraft: COBE. The Cosmic Background Explorer's supply of liquid helium was exhausted, causing loss of the FIRAS (Far Infrared Absolute Spectrometer) instrument.
1990 September 3 - 00:53 GMT - Launch Site: Taiyuan. Launch Complex: LC1. Launch Pad: LC1. Launch Vehicle: CZ-4A. Model: Chang Zheng 4. LV Configuration: Chang Zheng 4 CZ4-2 (24). - FY-1B Nation: China. Payload: Feng Yun 1B. Mass: 881 kg (1,942 lb). Class: Technology. Type: Weather. Spacecraft: FY-1. Agency: MAI. Perigee: 875 km (543 mi). Apogee: 897 km (557 mi). Inclination: 98.80 deg. Period: 102.70 min. COSPAR: 1990-081A. USAF Sat Cat: 20788. Experimental weather satellite. Operated for over a year. References: 1, 2, 5, 6.
- QQW 1 Nation: China. Payload: QQW 1A. Mass: 4.00 kg (8.80 lb). Class: Earth. Type: Magnetosphere. Spacecraft: SJ. Agency: MAI. Perigee: 789 km (490 mi). Apogee: 811 km (503 mi). Inclination: 99.00 deg. Period: 100.90 min. COSPAR: 1990-081B. USAF Sat Cat: 20789. Decay Date: 1991-03-11. QQW atmospheric balloon. References: 2, 5, 6.
- QQW 2 Nation: China. Payload: QQW 1B. Mass: 4.00 kg (8.80 lb). Class: Earth. Type: Magnetosphere. Spacecraft: SJ. Agency: MAI. Perigee: 596 km (370 mi). Apogee: 629 km (390 mi). Inclination: 99.00 deg. Period: 97.00 min. COSPAR: 1990-081C. USAF Sat Cat: 20790. Decay Date: 1991-07-24. QQW atmospheric balloon. References: 2, 5, 6.
1990 September 4 - 19:04 GMT - Launch Site: White Sands. Launch Complex: LC36. Launch Vehicle: Black Brant. Model: Black Brant IX. LV Configuration: Black Brant IX NASA 36.72UL. - Black Brant Aeronomy mission Nation: USA. Agency: NASA. Apogee: 300 km (180 mi). References: 931.
1990 September 7 - 11:59 GMT - Launch Site: Plesetsk. Launch Complex: LC16. Launch Pad: LC16/2. Launch Vehicle: Soyuz 11A511U. Model: Soyuz 11A511U. - Resurs F-09 Nation: USSR. Program: Resurs. Payload: Resurs-F1 14F43 s/n 51. Mass: 6,300 kg (13,800 lb). Class: Earth. Type: Landsat. Spacecraft: Resurs F1-14F43. Agency: MOM. Perigee: 177 km (109 mi). Apogee: 238 km (147 mi). Inclination: 82.50 deg. Period: 88.70 min. COSPAR: 1990-082A. USAF Sat Cat: 20794. Duration: 14.00 days. Decay Date: 1990-09-21. Carried German microgravity experiment. Investigation of the natural resources of the Earth in the interests of various branches of the national economy of the USSR; solution of problems relating to ecology and international cooperation. References: 1, 2, 6.
1990 September 9 -
1990 September 13 - Launch Site: Vandenberg. Launch Complex: LF05. Launch Vehicle: Peacekeeper. LV Configuration: Peacekeeper 04PA. - Peacekeeper Operational Test mission Nation: USA. Agency: USAF SAC. Apogee: 1,000 km (600 mi). References: 916.
1990 September 14 - 05:59 GMT - Launch Site: Plesetsk. Launch Complex: LC133. Launch Pad: LC133/3. Launch Vehicle: Kosmos 11K65M. Model: Kosmos 11K65M. LV Configuration: Kosmos 11K65M 65048-403. - Cosmos 2100 Nation: USSR. Mass: 810 kg (1,780 lb). Class: Navigation. Spacecraft: Parus. Agency: MO SSSR. Perigee: 958 km (595 mi). Apogee: 1,012 km (628 mi). Inclination: 82.90 deg. Period: 104.80 min. COSPAR: 1990-083A. USAF Sat Cat: 20804. Military navigation satellite. References: 1, 2, 5, 6.
1990 September 15 -
1990 September 20 - Launch Site: Vandenberg. Launch Complex: LF09. Launch Vehicle: Minuteman 3. - Minuteman 3 FOT GT141GM Follow-on Test launch Nation: USA. Agency: USAF SAC. Apogee: 1,300 km (800 mi). References: 916.
1990 September 20 - 20:16 GMT - Launch Site: Plesetsk. Launch Complex: LC43. Launch Pad: LC43/4. Launch Vehicle: Molniya 8K78M. Model: Molniya 8K78M. LV Configuration: Molniya 8K78M ML. - Molniya 3-39 Nation: USSR. Program: Molniya. Payload: Molniya-3 s/n 54. Mass: 1,600 kg (3,500 lb). Class: Communications. Spacecraft: Molniya-3. Agency: MOM. Perigee: 1,209 km (751 mi). Apogee: 39,142 km (24,321 mi). Inclination: 63.20 deg. Period: 717.70 min. COSPAR: 1990-084A. USAF Sat Cat: 20813. Operation of the long-range telephone and telegraph radio communications system in the USSR; transmission of USSR Central Television programmes to stations in the Orbita network and within the framework of international cooperation. References: 1, 2, 5, 6.
1990 September 26 - 15:55 GMT - Launch Site: Cape Canaveral. Launch Complex: ETR. Launch Pad: SLBM Launch Area. Launch Vehicle: Trident D-5. - Trident D-5 DASO-4 demonstration and shakedown operations launch Nation: USA. Agency: USN. Apogee: 1,000 km (600 mi). References: 1823.
1990 September 27 - 10:37 GMT - Launch Site: Baikonur. Launch Complex: LC1. Launch Pad: LC1. Launch Vehicle: Soyuz 11A511U2. Model: Soyuz 11A511U2. LV Configuration: Soyuz 11A511U2 T15000-044. - Progress M-5 Nation: USSR. Program: Mir. Payload: Progress M s/n 206. Mass: 7,320 kg (16,130 lb). Class: Manned. Type: Logistics. Spacecraft: Progress M. Agency: MOM. Perigee: 186 km (115 mi). Apogee: 229 km (142 mi). Inclination: 51.60 deg. Period: 88.70 min. COSPAR: 1990-085A. USAF Sat Cat: 20824. Duration: 62.02 days. Completed Operations Date: 1990-11-28 10:59:23. Decay Date: 1990-11-28 10:59:23. Flight: Mir EO-7. Unmanned resupply vessel to Mir. Included first Progress recoverable capsule for return of 150 kg of payload to earth. Docked with Mir on 29 Sep 1990 12:26:50 GMT. Undocked on 28 Nov 1990 06:15:46 GMT. After deorbit burn, capsule separated for reentry with an expected landing in Kazakhstan at 28 Nov 1990 11:04:05 GMT. However the recoverable capsule's beacon signal was never received after reentry. All experimental data and materials in capsule lost. Total free-flight time 2.28 days. Total docked time 59.74 days.References: 1, 2, 6, 275.
- VBK Raduga Nation: USSR. Program: Mir. Spacecraft: Progress M. Agency: UNKS. COSPAR: 1990-085xx. USAF Sat Cat: 20824. Decay Date: 1990-11-28. Flight: Mir EO-7. References: 279.
1990 September 28 - 07:30 GMT - Launch Site: Plesetsk. Launch Complex: LC32. Launch Pad: LC32. Launch Vehicle: Tsyklon 3. Model: Tsiklon-3. - Meteor 2-20 Nation: USSR. Payload: Meteor-2 s/n 25. Mass: 2,750 kg (6,060 lb). Class: Earth. Type: Weather. Spacecraft: Meteor-2. Agency: MO SSSR. Perigee: 939 km (583 mi). Apogee: 961 km (597 mi). Inclination: 82.50 deg. Period: 104.10 min. COSPAR: 1990-086A. USAF Sat Cat: 20826. Gathering round-the-clock meteorological information. References: 1, 2, 5, 6.
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