Chronology - Quarter 4 1990 Previous Home Next 1990 October 1 - Air Force Space Command assumed space launch mission from AFSC, and gained Patrick AFB and Cape Canaveral AFS, Florida. Nation: USA. References: 569. 1990 October 1 - 11:00 GMT - Launch Site: Baikonur. Launch Complex: LC1. Launch Pad: LC1. Launch Vehicle: Soyuz 11A511U2. Model: Soyuz 11A511U2. Cosmos 2101 Nation: USSR. Program: Orlets. Payload: Orlets-1 no. 2. Mass: 6,700 kg (14,700 lb). Class: Surveillance. Type: Military. Spacecraft: Orlets-1. Agency: MOM. Perigee: 162 km (100 mi). Apogee: 304 km (188 mi). Inclination: 64.80 deg. Period: 89.20 min. COSPAR: 1990-087A. USAF Sat Cat: 20828. Duration: 60.00 days. Decay Date: 1990-11-30. Long duration film return military reconnaissance satellite. After returning multiple film capsules, the spacecraft was deorbited. References: 1, 2, 6, 102, 106. 1990 October 1 - 21:56 GMT - Launch Site: Cape Canaveral. Launch Complex: LC17. Launch Pad: LC17A. Launch Vehicle: Delta 6000. Model: Delta 6925. LV Configuration: Delta 6925 D199. USA 64 Nation: USA. Program: Navstar. Payload: GPS 2-9 / GPS SVN 15. Mass: 1,665 kg (3,670 lb). Class: Navigation. Spacecraft: GPS Block 2 and 2A. Agency: USAF. Perigee: 20,002 km (12,428 mi). Apogee: 20,363 km (12,652 mi). Inclination: 55.40 deg. Period: 718.00 min. COSPAR: 1990-088A. USAF Sat Cat: 20830. Global Positioning System. Placed in Plane D Slot 5. References: 1, 2, 5, 6. 1990 October 3 - East and West Germany reunited. Nation: Germany. 1990 October 4 - Launch Site: Baikonur. Launch Complex: LC45. Launch Pad: LC45/2. Launch Vehicle: Zenit-2. Model: Zenit-2. FAILURE: First stage engine exploded after 3 seconds. Tselina-2 Nation: USSR. Program: Tselina. Payload: Tselina-2 no. 10. Mass: 6,000 kg (13,200 lb). Class: Sigint. Spacecraft: Tselina-2. Agency: UNKS. COSPAR: F901004A. References: 5. 1990 October 5 - 06:14 GMT - Launch Site: Jiuquan. Launch Complex: LA2. Launch Pad: LA2B. Launch Vehicle: CZ-2C. Model: Chang Zheng 2C. LV Configuration: Chang Zheng 2C CZ2C-12 (25). FSW-1 No. 3 Nation: China. Payload: FSW-1 No. 03. Mass: 2,100 kg (4,600 lb). Class: Surveillance. Type: Military. Spacecraft: FSW. Agency: MAI. Perigee: 208 km (129 mi). Apogee: 312 km (193 mi). Inclination: 57.00 deg. Period: 89.70 min. COSPAR: 1990-089A. USAF Sat Cat: 20838. Decay Date: 1990-10-23. Fanhui Shi Weixing recoverable satellite; carried biological research experiments. References: 1, 2, 5, 6. 1990 October 6 - 11:47 GMT - Launch Site: Cape Canaveral. Launch Complex: LC39. Launch Pad: LC39B. Launch Vehicle: Shuttle. Model: Space Shuttle. LV Configuration: Space Shuttle STS-41. STS-41 Nation: USA. Program: STS. Payload: Discovery F11 / Ulysses [IUS + PAM-S]. Mass: 22,140 kg (48,810 lb). Class: Manned. Type: Spaceplane. Spacecraft: Discovery. Agency: NASA JSC. Perigee: 300 km (180 mi). Apogee: 307 km (190 mi). Inclination: 28.50 deg. Period: 90.60 min. COSPAR: 1990-090A. USAF Sat Cat: 20841. Duration: 4.09 days. Decay Date: 1990-10-10. Crew: Akers, Cabana, Melnick, Richards, Shepherd. Flight: STS-41. Manned five crew. Deployed Ulysses spacecraft. Payloads: Deploy Ulysses, Shuttle Solar Backscatter Ultraviolet, Intelsat Solar Array Coupon, Solid-Surface Combustion Experiment, Investigations Into Polymer Membrane Processing, Chromo-some and Plant Cell Division in Space, Physiological Systems Experiment, Voice Command System, Radiation Monitoring Equipment III, Air Force Maui Optical Site.References: 1, 2, 5, 6, 7. Ulysses Nation: USA. Payload: Discovery F11 / Ulysses [IUS + PAM-S]. Mass: 367 kg (809 lb). Class: Solar. Spacecraft: Ulysses. Agency: NASA/JPL. Perigee: 285 km (177 mi). Apogee: 300 km (180 mi). Inclination: 28.40 deg. Period: 90.10 min. COSPAR: 1990-090B. USAF Sat Cat: 20842. Deployed from STS 41 10/6/90; solar research. Ulysses is a scientific spacecraft, within the framework of the international solar/polar mission. It will be the first spacecraft to fly over the poles of the sun. Frequency 2111.6073/2293.1481 MHz, 8408.2099 MHz., interplanetary trajectory i nto a polar flyby over the sun. Designator ESA/90/01. Also registered by the United States in ST/SG/SER.E/250, orbital data are taken from that document.References: 1, 2, 5, 6. 1990 October 10 - Landing of STS-41 Nation: USA. Program: STS. Flight: STS-41. STS-41 landed at 13:55 GMT. 1990 October 12 - 20:28 GMT - Launch Site: Andoya. Launch Vehicle: Black Brant. Model: Black Brant VC. LV Configuration: Black Brant VC NASA 21.102IE. Black Brant Ferdinand 80 Auroral mission Nation: USA. Agency: NASA. Apogee: 304 km (188 mi). References: 1592. 1990 October 12 - 22:58 GMT - Launch Site: Kourou. Launch Complex: ELA2. Launch Pad: ELA2. Launch Vehicle: Ariane 44L. Model: Ariane 44L. LV Configuration: Ariane 44L V39. SBS 6 Nation: USA. Program: SBS. Mass: 2,478 kg (5,463 lb). Class: Communications. Spacecraft: HS 376. Agency: HCI. Perigee: 35,780 km (22,230 mi). Apogee: 35,794 km (22,241 mi). Inclination: 0.10 deg. Period: 1,436.10 min. COSPAR: 1990-091A. USAF Sat Cat: 20872. Stationed at 99 deg W. Spacecraft engaged in research and exploration of the upper atmosphere or outer space (US Cat B). Positioned in geosynchronous orbit at 97 deg W in 1990; 99 deg W in 1991-1994; 95 deg W in 1994-1995; 74 deg W in 1995-1999 As of 1 September 2001 located at 74.05 deg W drifting at 0.010 deg W per day. As of 2007 Mar 11 located at 74.06W drifting at 0.011W degrees per day.References: 1, 2, 5, 6. Galaxy 6 Nation: USA. Program: Galaxy. Payload: Westar 6S. Mass: 1,212 kg (2,672 lb). Class: Communications. Spacecraft: HS 376. Agency: HCI. Perigee: 35,784 km (22,235 mi). Apogee: 35,791 km (22,239 mi). Inclination: 0.00 deg. Period: 1,436.10 min. COSPAR: 1990-091B. USAF Sat Cat: 20873. Geostationary at 99 deg W. Spacecraft engaged in research and exploration of the upper atmosphere or outer space (US Cat B). Positioned in geosynchronous orbit at 91 deg W in 1990-1991; 99 deg W in 1991-1993; 103 deg W in 1993-1994; 74 deg W in 1994-1998; 99 deg W in 1998-1999; 91 deg W in 2000.; 74 deg W in 2000. As of 5 September 2001 located at 73.96 deg W drifting at 0.015 deg W per day. As of 2007 Mar 10 located at 14.62E drifting at 1.829W degrees per day.References: 1, 2, 5, 6. 1990 October 15 - Launch Site: Biscarosse. Launch Vehicle: Black Brant. Model: Black Brant VC. Black Brant Test mission? Nation: France. Agency: AERO. Apogee: 250 km (150 mi). References: 790. 1990 October 16 - 19:00 GMT - Launch Site: Plesetsk. Launch Vehicle: Soyuz 11A511U. Model: Soyuz 11A511U. Cosmos 2102 Nation: USSR. Mass: 6,600 kg (14,500 lb). Class: Surveillance. Type: Military. Spacecraft: Yantar-4K1. Agency: MOM. Perigee: 184 km (114 mi). Apogee: 340 km (210 mi). Inclination: 62.90 deg. Period: 89.80 min. COSPAR: 1990-092A. USAF Sat Cat: 20909. Duration: 57.00 days. Decay Date: 1990-12-12. High resolution photo reconnaissance; returned film in two small SpK capsules during the mission and with the main capsule at completion of the mission. References: 1, 2, 6, 179. 1990 October 17 - 13:50 GMT - Launch Site: Plesetsk. Launch Vehicle: Topol. Model: Topol'. Topol Test mission Nation: USSR. Agency: RVSN. Apogee: 1,000 km (600 mi). References: 1838. 1990 October 20 - Launch Site: Wallops Island. Launch Vehicle: Terrier Malemute. LV Configuration: Terrier Malemute SDIO. Terrier Malemute Technology mission? Nation: USA. Agency: SDIO. Apogee: 500 km (310 mi). References: 1836. 1990 October 29 - EVA Mir EO-7-1 Nation: USSR. Program: Mir. Class: Manned. Type: Space station. Spacecraft: Mir. Crew: Manakov, Strekalov. Flight: Mir EO-7. EVA Duration: 0.11 days. Attempt to repair Kvant 2 hatch. References: 66. 1990 October 30 - 23:16 GMT - Launch Site: Cape Canaveral. Launch Complex: LC17. Launch Pad: LC17B. Launch Vehicle: Delta 6000. Model: Delta 6925. LV Configuration: Delta 6925 D200. Inmarsat 2 F1 Nation: International. Program: Inmarsat. Mass: 1,385 kg (3,053 lb). Class: Communications. Spacecraft: Eurostar 1000. Manufacturer: Matra Marconi Space-France, Toulouse. Agency: Inmarsat. Perigee: 35,775 km (22,229 mi). Apogee: 35,800 km (22,200 mi). Inclination: 1.70 deg. Period: 1,436.20 min. COSPAR: 1990-093A. USAF Sat Cat: 20918. Mobile communications; 64.5 deg E. Positioned in geosynchronous orbit at 65 deg E in 1990-1996; 179 deg E in 1996-1999 As of 5 September 2001 located at 178.97 deg E drifting at 0.004 deg W per day. As of 2007 Mar 8 located at 143.50E drifting at 0.015W degrees per day.References: 1, 2, 5, 6. 1990 November 1 - 14:30 GMT - Launch Site: Plesetsk. Launch Vehicle: Topol. Model: Topol'. Topol Test mission Nation: USSR. Agency: RVSN. Apogee: 1,000 km (600 mi). References: 1838. 1990 November 3 - Launch Site: Cape Canaveral. Launch Complex: ETR. Launch Pad: SLBM Launch Area. Launch Vehicle: Trident D-5. Trident D-5 CINC Evaluation Test launch Nation: USA. Agency: USN. Apogee: 1,000 km (600 mi). References: 796. 1990 November 3 - Launch Site: Cape Canaveral. Launch Complex: ETR. Launch Pad: SLBM Launch Area. Launch Vehicle: Trident D-5. Trident D-5 CINC Evaluation Test launch Nation: USA. Agency: USN. Apogee: 1,000 km (600 mi). References: 796. 1990 November 3 - Launch Site: Cape Canaveral. Launch Complex: ETR. Launch Pad: SLBM Launch Area. Launch Vehicle: Trident D-5. Trident D-5 CINC Evaluation Test launch Nation: USA. Agency: USN. Apogee: 1,000 km (600 mi). References: 796. 1990 November 3 - Launch Site: Cape Canaveral. Launch Complex: ETR. Launch Pad: SLBM Launch Area. Launch Vehicle: Trident D-5. Trident D-5 CINC Evaluation Test launch Nation: USA. Agency: USN. Apogee: 1,000 km (600 mi). References: 796. 1990 November 3 - 14:40 GMT - Launch Site: Baikonur. Launch Complex: LC81. Launch Pad: LC81/23. Launch Vehicle: Proton 8K82K / 11S861. Model: Proton-K/DM-2. LV Configuration: Proton-K/DM-2 370-01. Gorizont 21 Nation: USSR. Payload: Gorizont s/n 32L. Mass: 2,125 kg (4,684 lb). Class: Communications. Spacecraft: Gorizont . Agency: MOM. Perigee: 35,780 km (22,230 mi). Apogee: 35,788 km (22,237 mi). Inclination: 1.30 deg. Period: 1,436.00 min. COSPAR: 1990-094A. USAF Sat Cat: 20923. Stationed at 90 deg E. Operation of the long-range telephone and telegraph radio-communications system and transmission of television programmes. Positioned in geosynchronous orbit at 90 deg E in 1990-1993. Gorizont 28 replaced Gorizont 21 at 90 degrees E in 1993. This allowed Gorizont 21 to be repositioned from mid-November to late-December for the inauguration of a new station at 145 degrees E. 145 deg E in 1993-1999 As of 2 September 2001 located at 4.18 deg E drifting at 0.139 deg W per day. As of 2007 Mar 9 located at 5.59E drifting at 0.135E degrees per day.References: 1, 2, 5, 6, 67, 111, 274. 1990 November 6 - Launch Site: Vandenberg. Launch Complex: LF04. Launch Vehicle: Minuteman 3. Minuteman 3 FOT GT142GM Follow-on Test launch Nation: USA. Agency: USAF SAC. Apogee: 1,300 km (800 mi). References: 916. 1990 November 13 - 00:37 GMT - Launch Site: Cape Canaveral. Launch Complex: LC41. Launch Pad: LC41. Launch Vehicle: Titan 4. Model: Titan 402A/IUS. LV Configuration: Titan 402A/IUS K-6 (45D-2). USA 65 Nation: USA. Payload: DSP-1 Block 14 F15. Mass: 2,360 kg (5,200 lb). Class: Early Warning. Spacecraft: DSP. Agency: USAF. Perigee: 35,614 km (22,129 mi). Apogee: 35,699 km (22,182 mi). Inclination: 3.10 deg. Period: 1,421.80 min. COSPAR: 1990-095A. USAF Sat Cat: 20929. Completed Operations Date: 2006-01-01. DSP-1 Block 14 ballistic missile launch detection satellite. Positioned in geosynchronous orbit at 105 deg E in 1991; 70 deg E in 1991-1992; 5 deg E in 1992-1993; 35 deg W in 1993; 38 deg W in 1999-2004. Believed to have been taken out of service in 2006. References: 1, 2, 5, 6, 127. 1990 November 14 - 06:33 GMT - Launch Site: Baikonur. Launch Complex: LC90. Launch Pad: LC90. Launch Vehicle: Tsyklon 2. Model: Tsiklon-2. Cosmos 2103 Nation: USSR. Program: EORSAT. Mass: 3,000 kg (6,600 lb). Class: Sigint. Type: Naval reconnaisance. Spacecraft: US-P. Agency: MO SSSR. Perigee: 402 km (249 mi). Apogee: 415 km (257 mi). Inclination: 65.00 deg. Period: 92.70 min. COSPAR: 1990-096A. USAF Sat Cat: 20933. Decay Date: 1991-04-03. Ocean surveillance. References: 1, 2, 5, 6. 1990 November 15 - 07:05 GMT - Launch Site: Kiruna. Launch Complex: S. Launch Vehicle: Skylark. Model: Skylark 7. LV Configuration: Skylark 7 DLR K-GR-183. Skylark TEXUS 27 Microgravity mission Nation: Germany. Agency: MBB. Apogee: 249 km (154 mi). References: 1582. 1990 November 15 - 23:48 GMT - Launch Site: Cape Canaveral. Launch Complex: LC39. Launch Pad: LC39A. Launch Vehicle: Shuttle. Model: Space Shuttle. LV Configuration: Space Shuttle STS-38. STS-38 Nation: USA. Program: STS. Payload: Atlantis F07 / DoD. Class: Manned. Type: Spaceplane. Spacecraft: Atlantis. Agency: NASA JSC. Perigee: 78 km (48 mi). Apogee: 226 km (140 mi). Inclination: 28.50 deg. Period: 87.50 min. COSPAR: 1990-097A. USAF Sat Cat: 20935. Duration: 4.91 days. Decay Date: 1990-11-20. Crew: Covey, Culbertson, Gemar, Meade, Springer. Flight: STS-38. Manned five crew. Deployed a classified payload. Orbits of Earth: 79. Payloads: DoD Mission. References: 1, 2, 5, 6, 7. USA 67 Nation: USA. Payload: Magnum 3. Class: Sigint. Spacecraft: Magnum. Agency: NRO/USAF. Perigee: 78 km (48 mi). Apogee: 226 km (140 mi). Inclination: 28.50 deg. Period: 87.50 min. COSPAR: 1990-097B. USAF Sat Cat: 20963. Deployed from STS 38 15 November 1990. Boosted to geostationary orbit. Last known longitude (31 December 1990) 99.16 deg W drifting at 0.050 deg W per day. References: 1, 2, 5, 6. 1990 November 16 - 16:30 GMT - Launch Site: Plesetsk. Launch Vehicle: Soyuz 11A511U. Model: Soyuz 11A511U. Cosmos 2104 Nation: USSR. Mass: 6,300 kg (13,800 lb). Class: Earth. Type: Landsat. Spacecraft: Zenit-8. Agency: MOM. Perigee: 240 km (140 mi). Apogee: 364 km (226 mi). Inclination: 62.80 deg. Period: 90.60 min. COSPAR: 1990-098A. USAF Sat Cat: 20936. Duration: 18.00 days. Decay Date: 1990-12-04. Military cartographic satellite; returned film capsule. References: 1, 2, 6. 1990 November 17 - Gorbachev assumes emergency powers Nation: USSR. 1990 November 19 - Launch Site: Overberg. Launch Vehicle: RSA-3. LV Configuration: RSA-3 3. RSA-3 Test mission Nation: South Africa. Agency: Armsco. Apogee: 300 km (180 mi). References: 1836. 1990 November 20 - Launch Vehicle: Shuttle. Backup shuttle carrier aircraft. Nation: USA. In the event of loss of N905NA, which has been in service for 15 years, NASA purchases a second 747, N911NA, for use as a shuttle carrier. References: 44. 1990 November 20 - 02:33 GMT - Launch Site: Plesetsk. Launch Complex: LC16. Launch Pad: LC16/2. Launch Vehicle: Molniya 8K78M. Model: Molniya 8K78M. LV Configuration: Molniya 8K78M 2BL. Cosmos 2105 Nation: USSR. Payload: Oko #67. Mass: 1,900 kg (4,100 lb). Class: Early Warning. Spacecraft: Oko. Agency: MOM. Perigee: 1,936 km (1,202 mi). Apogee: 38,453 km (23,893 mi). Inclination: 65.00 deg. Period: 718.50 min. COSPAR: 1990-099A. USAF Sat Cat: 20941. Covered Oko constellation planes 3/4 - 12 degree longitude of ascending node. References: 1, 2, 5, 6, 100. 1990 November 20 - 04:00 GMT - Launch Site: Baikonur. Launch Complex: LC131. Launch Vehicle: Rokot. LV Configuration: Rokot No. 1L. Rokot Naryad-V Nation: USSR. Agency: VKS. Apogee: 1,000 km (600 mi). Noted as a suborbital test mission; but one Russian source indicates the payload was a Naryad-V satellite. That would indicate a failure to achieve orbit. No other information is available on the 'Naryad-V'. References: 5, 1264. 1990 November 20 - 23:11 GMT - Launch Site: Kourou. Launch Complex: ELA2. Launch Pad: ELA2. Launch Vehicle: Ariane 42P. Model: Ariane 42P. LV Configuration: Ariane 42P V40. Satcom C1 Nation: USA. Program: Satcom. Payload: Satcom C1. Mass: 1,169 kg (2,577 lb). Class: Communications. Spacecraft: AS 3000. Manufacturer: Lockheed Martin. Agency: GE Ameri. Perigee: 35,777 km (22,230 mi). Apogee: 35,794 km (22,241 mi). Inclination: 0.10 deg. Period: 1,436.10 min. COSPAR: 1990-100A. USAF Sat Cat: 20945. Stationed at 137 deg W. Positioned in geosynchronous orbit at 137 deg W in 1990-1991; 139 deg W in 1991; 137 deg W in 1991-1999 As of 5 September 2001 located at 78.98 deg W drifting at 0.013 deg W per day. As of 2007 Mar 9 located at 151.83E drifting at 3.912W degrees per day.References: 1, 2, 5, 6. GStar 4 Nation: USA. Program: GTE. Mass: 1,295 kg (2,854 lb). Class: Communications. Spacecraft: AS 3000. Manufacturer: Lockheed Martin. Agency: GTE. Perigee: 35,785 km (22,235 mi). Apogee: 35,790 km (22,230 mi). Inclination: 0.00 deg. Period: 1,436.10 min. COSPAR: 1990-100B. USAF Sat Cat: 20946. Stationed at 125 deg W. Ku band communications satellite. Positioned in geosynchronous orbit at 125 deg W in 1990-1992; 105 deg W in 1992-1999 As of 6 September 2001 located at 104.95 deg W drifting at 0.005 deg W per day. As of 2007 Mar 10 located at 74.47W drifting at 4.077W degrees per day.References: 1, 2, 5, 6. 1990 November 20 - Landing of STS-38 Nation: USA. Program: STS. Flight: STS-38. STS-38 landed at 21:40 GMT. Landed at: Runway 33 at Kennedy Space Center, Florida. Landing Speed: 359 kph. Touchdown miss distance: 430.00 m. Landing Rollout: 2,712.00 m. 1990 November 21 - 18:15 GMT - Launch Site: White Sands. Launch Complex: LC36. Launch Vehicle: Black Brant. Model: Black Brant IX. LV Configuration: Black Brant IX NASA 36.058DS. Black Brant AS&E XRT? Solar mission Nation: USA. Agency: NASA. Apogee: 300 km (180 mi). References: 931. 1990 November 21 - 18:40 GMT - Launch Site: White Sands. Launch Complex: LC36. Launch Vehicle: Black Brant. Model: Black Brant IX. LV Configuration: Black Brant IX NASA 36.060DS. Black Brant HRTS 7? Solar mission Nation: USA. Agency: NASA. Apogee: 300 km (180 mi). References: 931. 1990 November 23 - 03:51 GMT - Launch Site: Plesetsk. Launch Vehicle: Molniya 8K78M. Model: Molniya 8K78M. LV Configuration: Molniya 8K78M ML. Molniya 1-79 Nation: USSR. Program: Molniya. Payload: Molniya-1T. Mass: 1,600 kg (3,500 lb). Class: Communications. Spacecraft: Molniya-1T. Agency: MOM. Perigee: 1,126 km (699 mi). Apogee: 39,211 km (24,364 mi). Inclination: 62.90 deg. Period: 717.40 min. COSPAR: 1990-101A. USAF Sat Cat: 20949. Decay Date: 2005-08-30. Operation of the long-range telephone and telegraph radio communications system in the USSR; transmission of USSR Central Television programmes to stations in the Orbita network. References: 1, 2, 5, 6. 1990 November 23 - 13:22 GMT - Launch Site: Baikonur. Launch Complex: LC200. Launch Pad: LC200/39. Launch Vehicle: Proton 8K82K / 11S861. Model: Proton-K/DM-2. LV Configuration: Proton-K/DM-2 348-02. Gorizont 22 Nation: USSR. Payload: Gorizont s/n 33L. Mass: 2,125 kg (4,684 lb). Class: Communications. Spacecraft: Gorizont . Agency: MOM. Perigee: 35,781 km (22,233 mi). Apogee: 35,794 km (22,241 mi). Inclination: 1.20 deg. Period: 1,436.20 min. COSPAR: 1990-102A. USAF Sat Cat: 20953. Stationed at 40 deg E. Operation of the long-range telephone and telegraph radio-communications system and transmission of television programmes. Positioned in geosynchronous orbit at 40 deg E in 1990-1996; 140 deg E in 1996-1999 As of 31 August 2001 located at 45.22 deg E drifting at 0.368 deg W per day. As of 2007 Mar 10 located at 85.49E drifting at 0.416E degrees per day.References: 1, 2, 5, 6, 67, 111, 274. 1990 November 25 - 05:27 GMT - Launch Site: Kiruna. Launch Complex: S. Launch Vehicle: Skylark. Model: Skylark 12. LV Configuration: Skylark 12 DLR K-GRC-184. Skylark Maxus test mission Nation: Germany. Agency: MBB. Apogee: 534 km (331 mi). References: 1582. 1990 November 26 - 21:39 GMT - Launch Site: Cape Canaveral. Launch Complex: LC17. Launch Pad: LC17A. Launch Vehicle: Delta 7000. Model: Delta 7925. LV Configuration: Delta 7925 D201. USA 66 Nation: USA. Program: Navstar. Payload: GPS 2A-10 / GPS SVN 23. Mass: 1,816 kg (4,003 lb). Class: Navigation. Spacecraft: GPS Block 2 and 2A. Agency: USAF. Perigee: 19,978 km (12,413 mi). Apogee: 20,384 km (12,666 mi). Inclination: 54.90 deg. Period: 717.90 min. COSPAR: 1990-103A. USAF Sat Cat: 20959. Global Positioning System. Placed in Plane E Slot 5. References: 1, 2, 5, 6. 1990 November 27 - 09:00 GMT - Launch Site: Plesetsk. Launch Vehicle: Topol. Model: Topol'. Topol Test mission Nation: USSR. Agency: RVSN. Apogee: 1,000 km (600 mi). References: 1838. 1990 November 28 - Launch Site: Cape Canaveral. Launch Complex: ETR. Launch Pad: SLBM Launch Area. Launch Vehicle: Trident D-5. Trident D-5 DASO-5 demonstration and shakedown operations launch Nation: USA. Agency: USN. Apogee: 1,000 km (600 mi). References: 796. 1990 November 28 - 16:33 GMT - Launch Site: Plesetsk. Launch Complex: LC32. Launch Pad: LC32. Launch Vehicle: Tsyklon 3. Model: Tsiklon-3. Cosmos 2106 Nation: USSR. Payload: Tselina-D no. 69. Mass: 3,000 kg (6,600 lb). Spacecraft: Taifun-2. Agency: MO SSSR. Perigee: 458 km (284 mi). Apogee: 469 km (291 mi). Inclination: 82.50 deg. Period: 93.90 min. COSPAR: 1990-104A. USAF Sat Cat: 20966. Decay Date: 2000-04-07. Released 27 Romb radar calibration subsatellites. References: 1, 2, 5, 6. 1990 November 30 - Launch Site: Natal. Launch Vehicle: Sonda 3. LV Configuration: Sonda 3 XV-22. Sonda 3 Ionosphere mission? Nation: Brazil. Agency: IAE. Apogee: 500 km (310 mi). References: 1089. 1990 Dec - Launch Complex: Iraq. Launch Vehicle: Al Hussein. Al Hussein Weapon/Test mission Nation: Iraq. Agency: IRAQ. Apogee: 100 km (60 mi). References: 1931. 1990 Dec - Launch Complex: Iraq. Launch Vehicle: Al Hussein. Al Hussein Weapon/Test mission Nation: Iraq. Agency: IRAQ. Apogee: 100 km (60 mi). References: 1931. 1990 Dec - Launch Complex: Iraq. Launch Vehicle: Al Hussein. Al Hussein Weapon/Test mission Nation: Iraq. Agency: IRAQ. Apogee: 100 km (60 mi). References: 1931. 1990 December 1 - 15:57 GMT - Launch Site: Vandenberg. Launch Complex: SLC3. Launch Pad: SLC3W. Launch Vehicle: Atlas E. Model: Atlas E. LV Configuration: Atlas E 61E / Star-37S-ISS. FAILURE: Failure of the spacecraft's TEM-364-15 AKM nozzle due to a manufacturing defect led to the satellite being placed into lower than planned orbit. USA 68 Nation: USA. Program: DMSP. Payload: DMSP S-10. Mass: 750 kg (1,650 lb). Class: Earth. Type: Weather. Spacecraft: DMSP Block 5D-2. Agency: USAF. Perigee: 724 km (449 mi). Apogee: 837 km (520 mi). Inclination: 98.70 deg. Period: 100.50 min. COSPAR: 1990-105A. USAF Sat Cat: 20978. Defense Meteorological Satellite Program; broken nozzle prevented satellite from reaching desired orbit. References: 1, 2, 5, 6, 278. 1990 December 2 - 06:49 GMT - Launch Site: Cape Canaveral. Launch Complex: LC39. Launch Pad: LC39B. Launch Vehicle: Shuttle. Model: Space Shuttle. LV Configuration: Space Shuttle STS-35R. STS-35 Nation: USA. Program: STS. Payload: Columbia F10 / BBXRT. Mass: 11,943 kg (26,329 lb). Class: Manned. Type: Spaceplane. Spacecraft: Columbia. Agency: NASA JSC. Perigee: 352 km (218 mi). Apogee: 362 km (224 mi). Inclination: 28.50 deg. Period: 91.70 min. COSPAR: 1990-106A. USAF Sat Cat: 20980. Duration: 8.96 days. Decay Date: 1990-12-11. Crew: Brand, Durrance, Gardner Guy, Hoffman, Lounge, Parise, Parker. Flight: STS-35. Manned seven crew. Carried ASTRO-1 observatory. Payloads: Ultraviolet Astronomy TeIescope (Astro), Broad-Band X-Ray Telescope (BBXRT), Shuttle Amateur Radio Experiment (SAREX), Air Force Maui Optical Site (AMOS). References: 1, 2, 5, 6, 7. Astro 1 Aft Nation: USA. Program: STS. Agency: NASA. COSPAR: 1990-106xx. USAF Sat Cat: 20980. Decay Date: 1990-12-11. References: 279. BBXRT Nation: USA. Program: STS. Payload: BBXRT/TAPS. Agency: NASA. COSPAR: 1990-106xx. USAF Sat Cat: 20980. Decay Date: 1990-12-11. References: 279. Astro 1 Fwd Nation: USA. Program: STS. Agency: NASA. COSPAR: 1990-106xx. USAF Sat Cat: 20980. Decay Date: 1990-12-11. References: 279. 1990 December 2 - 08:13 GMT - Launch Site: Baikonur. Launch Complex: LC1. Launch Pad: LC1. Launch Vehicle: Soyuz 11A511U2. Model: Soyuz 11A511U2. Soyuz TM-11 Nation: USSR. Program: Mir. Payload: Soyuz TM 11F732 s/n 61. Mass: 7,150 kg (15,760 lb). Class: Manned. Type: Spacecraft. Spacecraft: Soyuz TM. Agency: MOM. Perigee: 367 km (228 mi). Apogee: 400 km (240 mi). Inclination: 51.60 deg. Period: 92.20 min. COSPAR: 1990-107A. USAF Sat Cat: 20981. Duration: 175.08 days. Decay Date: 1991-05-26. Crew: Afanasyev, Akiyama, Manarov. Flight: Mir EO-8, Mir Kosmoreporter, Mir EO-7. Docked with Mir. Mir Expedition EO-08. Transported to the Mir manned orbital station the international crew consisting of the cosmonauts V M Afanasyev, M Kh Manarov, and T Akiyami (Japan) for the purpose of carrying out joint work with the cosmonauts G M Manakov and G M Strekalov. Launched jointly with the private Japanese company TBS. The Japanese television network ended up paying $ 28 million for the first commercial flight to Mir to put Akiyama, the first journalist in space aboard Soyuz TM-11. Akiyama made daily television broadcasts.References: 1, 2, 6,51. 1990 December 4 - 00:48 GMT - Launch Site: Baikonur. Launch Complex: LC90. Launch Pad: LC90. Launch Vehicle: Tsyklon 2. Model: Tsiklon-2. Cosmos 2107 Nation: USSR. Program: EORSAT. Mass: 3,000 kg (6,600 lb). Class: Sigint. Type: Naval reconnaisance. Spacecraft: US-P. Agency: MO SSSR. Perigee: 402 km (249 mi). Apogee: 416 km (258 mi). Inclination: 65.00 deg. Period: 92.80 min. COSPAR: 1990-108A. USAF Sat Cat: 20985. Decay Date: 1991-01-31. Ocean surveillance. References: 1, 2, 5, 6. 1990 December 4 - 18:30 GMT - Launch Site: Plesetsk. Launch Vehicle: Soyuz 11A511U. Model: Soyuz 11A511U. Cosmos 2108 Nation: USSR. Mass: 6,600 kg (14,500 lb). Class: Surveillance. Type: Military. Spacecraft: Yantar-4K1. Agency: MOM. Perigee: 164 km (101 mi). Apogee: 289 km (179 mi). Inclination: 62.80 deg. Period: 89.00 min. COSPAR: 1990-109A. USAF Sat Cat: 21000. Duration: 55.00 days. Decay Date: 1991-01-28. High resolution photo reconnaissance; returned film in two small SpK capsules during the mission and with the main capsule at completion of the mission. References: 1, 2, 6, 179. 1990 December 8 - Galileo, first Earth Flyby Spacecraft: Galileo. 1990 December 8 - 02:43 GMT - Launch Site: Baikonur. Launch Complex: LC200. Launch Pad: LC200/40. Launch Vehicle: Proton 8K82K / 11S861. Model: Proton-K/DM-2. LV Configuration: Proton-K/DM-2 366-02. Cosmos 2109 Nation: USSR. Payload: Glonass s/n 47L. Mass: 1,400 kg (3,000 lb). Class: Navigation. Spacecraft: Glonass . Agency: MOM. Perigee: 18,988 km (11,798 mi). Apogee: 19,271 km (11,974 mi). Inclination: 66.00 deg. Period: 675.70 min. COSPAR: 1990-110A. USAF Sat Cat: 21006. Glonass. Testing components and apparatus from the space navigation system being set up to determine the position of Soviet civil aircraft and vessels in the Soviet merchant marine and fishing fleet. Three satellites launched by a single rocket. References: 1, 2, 5, 6, 67, 274. Cosmos 2110 Nation: USSR. Payload: Glonass s/n 48L. Mass: 1,400 kg (3,000 lb). Class: Navigation. Spacecraft: Glonass. Agency: MOM. Perigee: 19,045 km (11,833 mi). Apogee: 19,215 km (11,939 mi). Inclination: 66.00 deg. Period: 675.70 min. COSPAR: 1990-110B. USAF Sat Cat: 21007. Glonass. Testing components and apparatus from the space navigation system being set up to determine the position of Soviet civil aircraft and vessels in the Soviet merchant marine and fishing fleet. Three satellites launched by a single rocket. References: 1, 2, 5, 6, 67, 274. Cosmos 2111 Nation: USSR. Payload: Glonass s/n 49L. Mass: 1,400 kg (3,000 lb). Class: Navigation. Spacecraft: Glonass. Agency: MOM. Perigee: 19,110 km (11,870 mi). Apogee: 19,148 km (11,897 mi). Inclination: 64.90 deg. Period: 675.70 min. COSPAR: 1990-110C. USAF Sat Cat: 21008. Glonass. Testing components and apparatus from the space navigation system being set up to determine the position of Soviet civil aircraft and vessels in the Soviet merchant marine and fishing fleet. Three satellites launched by a single rocket. References: 1, 2, 5, 6, 67, 274. 1990 December 10 - 07:54 GMT - Launch Site: Plesetsk. Launch Complex: LC133. Launch Pad: LC133/3. Launch Vehicle: Kosmos 11K65M. Model: Kosmos 11K65M. LV Configuration: Kosmos 11K65M 47126-203. Cosmos 2112 Nation: USSR. Program: Strela. Mass: 900 kg (1,980 lb). Class: Communications. Type: Military Store-dump. Spacecraft: Strela-2M. Agency: MO SSSR. Perigee: 764 km (474 mi). Apogee: 807 km (501 mi). Inclination: 74.00 deg. Period: 100.60 min. COSPAR: 1990-111A. USAF Sat Cat: 21014. References: 1, 2, 5, 6. 1990 December 10 - Landing of Soyuz TM-10 Nation: USSR. Program: Mir. Flight: Mir EO-7, Mir Kosmoreporter, Mir EO-8. Soyuz TM-10 landed at 06:07 GMT, 69 km NW Arkalyk, with the crew of Akiyama, Manakov and Strekalov aboard. 1990 December 11 - 07:40 GMT - Launch Site: Baikonur. Launch Vehicle: R-36M2. Model: R-36M2 15A18M. R-36M2 Operational missile test Nation: USSR. Agency: RVSN. Apogee: 1,000 km (600 mi). References: 1838. 1990 December 11 - Landing of STS-35 Nation: USA. Program: Spacelab. Flight: STS-35. STS-35 landed at 05:48 GMT. 1990 December 18 - 03:37 GMT - Launch Site: Cape Canaveral. Launch Complex: LC20. Launch Vehicle: Starbird. Starbird LACE UVPI Target Target mission Nation: USA. Agency: OSC. Apogee: 500 km (310 mi). References: 796. 1990 December 20 - 11:35 GMT - Launch Site: Baikonur. Launch Complex: LC81. Launch Pad: LC81/23. Launch Vehicle: Proton 8K82K / 11S861. Model: Proton-K/DM-2. LV Configuration: Proton-K/DM-2 361-01. Raduga 26 Nation: USSR. Payload: Raduga s/n 37L. Mass: 1,965 kg (4,332 lb). Class: Communications. Type: Military. Spacecraft: Raduga . Agency: MOM. Perigee: 35,778 km (22,231 mi). Apogee: 35,823 km (22,259 mi). Inclination: 7.00 deg. Period: 1,436.80 min. COSPAR: 1990-112A. USAF Sat Cat: 21016. Completed Operations Date: 1993-10-05. Stationed at 85 deg E. Radio telephone and telegraph communications and transmission of television programmes. Positioned in geosynchronous orbit at 85 deg E in 1991-1993. Raduga 26 then began a series of small maneuvers coincident with the launch of Raduga 30, and was placed in a graveyard orbit. As of 1 September 2001 located at 93.34 deg E drifting at 0.101 deg E per day. As of 2007 Mar 9 located at 52.76E drifting at 0.024W degrees per day.References: 1, 2, 5, 6, 67, 274. 1990 December 21 - Launch Site: Negev. Launch Vehicle: Jericho 1. Jericho 1 Operational Test mission Nation: Israel. Agency: IDF. Apogee: 100 km (60 mi). References: 1823. 1990 December 21 - 06:20 GMT - Launch Site: Baikonur. Launch Vehicle: Soyuz 11A511U2. Model: Soyuz 11A511U2. Cosmos 2113 Nation: USSR. Mass: 6,600 kg (14,500 lb). Class: Surveillance. Type: Military. Spacecraft: Yantar-4KS1. Agency: MOM. Perigee: 225 km (139 mi). Apogee: 261 km (162 mi). Inclination: 64.80 deg. Period: 89.40 min. COSPAR: 1990-113A. USAF Sat Cat: 21026. Duration: 172.00 days. Decay Date: 1991-06-11. Photo/digital surveillance. References: 1, 2, 6. 1990 Dec 21? - 09:00 GMT - Launch Site: Baikonur. Launch Vehicle: UR-100N. Model: UR-100NU. UR-100N State trials missile test Nation: USSR. Agency: RVSN. Apogee: 1,000 km (600 mi). 1990 December 22 - 07:28 GMT - Launch Site: Plesetsk. Launch Complex: LC32. Launch Pad: LC32. Launch Vehicle: Tsyklon 3. Model: Tsiklon-3. Cosmos 2114 Nation: USSR. Program: Strela. Payload: Strela-3 no. 47. Mass: 220 kg (480 lb). Class: Communications. Type: Military Store-dump. Spacecraft: Strela-3. Agency: MO SSSR. Perigee: 1,409 km (875 mi). Apogee: 1,415 km (879 mi). Inclination: 82.60 deg. Period: 114.10 min. COSPAR: 1990-114A. USAF Sat Cat: 21028. Six satellites launched by a single carrier rocket. References: 1, 2, 5, 6, 105. Cosmos 2115 Nation: USSR. Program: Strela. Payload: Strela-3 no. 48. Mass: 220 kg (480 lb). Class: Communications. Type: Military Store-dump. Spacecraft: Strela-3. Agency: MO SSSR. Perigee: 1,408 km (874 mi). Apogee: 1,410 km (870 mi). Inclination: 82.60 deg. Period: 114.00 min. COSPAR: 1990-114B. USAF Sat Cat: 21029. References: 1, 2, 5, 6, 105. Cosmos 2116 Nation: USSR. Program: Strela. Payload: Strela-3 no. 49. Mass: 220 kg (480 lb). Class: Communications. Type: Military Store-dump. Spacecraft: Strela-3. Agency: MO SSSR. Perigee: 1,402 km (871 mi). Apogee: 1,410 km (870 mi). Inclination: 82.60 deg. Period: 113.90 min. COSPAR: 1990-114C. USAF Sat Cat: 21030. References: 1, 2, 5, 6, 105. Cosmos 2117 Nation: USSR. Program: Strela. Payload: Strela-3 no. 50. Mass: 220 kg (480 lb). Class: Communications. Type: Military Store-dump. Spacecraft: Strela-3. Agency: MO SSSR. Perigee: 1,397 km (868 mi). Apogee: 1,410 km (870 mi). Inclination: 82.60 deg. Period: 113.90 min. COSPAR: 1990-114D. USAF Sat Cat: 21031. References: 1, 2, 5, 6, 105. Cosmos 2118 Nation: USSR. Program: Strela. Payload: Strela-3 no. 51. Mass: 220 kg (480 lb). Class: Communications. Type: Military Store-dump. Spacecraft: Strela-3. Agency: MO SSSR. Perigee: 1,391 km (864 mi). Apogee: 1,410 km (870 mi). Inclination: 82.60 deg. Period: 113.80 min. COSPAR: 1990-114E. USAF Sat Cat: 21032. References: 1, 2, 5, 6, 105. Cosmos 2119 Nation: USSR. Program: Strela. Payload: Strela-3 no. 52. Mass: 220 kg (480 lb). Class: Communications. Type: Military Store-dump. Spacecraft: Strela-3. Agency: MO SSSR. Perigee: 1,385 km (860 mi). Apogee: 1,410 km (870 mi). Inclination: 82.60 deg. Period: 113.70 min. COSPAR: 1990-114F. USAF Sat Cat: 21033. References: 1, 2, 5, 6, 105. 1990 December 25 - 14:40 GMT - Launch Site: Plesetsk. Launch Vehicle: Topol. Model: Topol'. Topol Test mission Nation: USSR. Agency: RVSN. Apogee: 1,000 km (600 mi). References: 1838. 1990 December 25 - 15:49 GMT - Launch Site: Plesetsk. Launch Vehicle: Topol. Model: Topol'. Topol Test mission Nation: USSR. Agency: RVSN. Apogee: 1,000 km (600 mi). References: 1838. 1990 December 26 - 11:10 GMT - Launch Site: Plesetsk. Launch Vehicle: Soyuz 11A511U. Model: Soyuz 11A511U. Cosmos 2120 Nation: USSR. Mass: 6,300 kg (13,800 lb). Class: Earth. Type: Landsat. Spacecraft: Zenit-8. Agency: MOM. Perigee: 231 km (143 mi). Apogee: 336 km (208 mi). Inclination: 82.60 deg. Period: 90.20 min. COSPAR: 1990-115A. USAF Sat Cat: 21035. Duration: 22.00 days. Decay Date: 1991-01-17. Military cartographic satellite; returned film capsule. References: 1, 2, 6. 1990 December 27 - 11:08 GMT - Launch Site: Baikonur. Launch Complex: LC200. Launch Pad: LC200/39. Launch Vehicle: Proton 8K82K / 11S861. Model: Proton-K/DM-2. LV Configuration: Proton-K/DM-2 342-01. Raduga 1-2 Nation: USSR. Payload: Raduga-1 s/n 12. Mass: 2,000 kg (4,400 lb). Class: Communications. Spacecraft: Raduga-1. Agency: MOM. Perigee: 35,781 km (22,233 mi). Apogee: 35,798 km (22,243 mi). Inclination: 1.00 deg. Period: 1,436.30 min. COSPAR: 1990-116A. USAF Sat Cat: 21038. Completed Operations Date: 1996-06-01. Stationed at 49 deg E; second launch of alternate Raduga design. Further expansion of the long-range telephone and telegraph radio-communications system in the territory of the USSR. Positioned in geosynchronous orbit at 49 deg E in 1991-1996 As of 27 August 2001 located at 93.45 deg E drifting at 0.139 deg E per day. As of 2007 Mar 10 located at 51.16E drifting at 0.090W degrees per day.References: 1, 2, 5, 6, 67, 274. 1990 December 31 - Cosmonaut Vasili Grigoryevich Lazarev dies at age of 62 -- Natural causes. 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