Chronology - Quarter 3 1991

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Previous Home Next 1991 July 1 - Warsaw Pact dissolved Nation: USSR. 1991 July 1 - Responsibility for USAF astronauts transferred from Air Force District of Washington to HQ Air Force Space Command. Nation: USA. References: 569. 1991 July 1 - Launch Site: Chiha-ri. Launch Complex: -. Launch Pad: -. Launch Vehicle: R-17. Model: Hwasong 6. Test mission Nation: Korea North. Agency: DPRK. Apogee: 200 km (120 mi). References: 2. 1991 July 1 - 21:53 GMT - Launch Site: Baikonur. Launch Complex: LC200/39. Launch Pad: -. Launch Vehicle: Proton. Model: Proton-K/DM-2. LV Configuration: Proton-K/DM-2 373-01. Gorizont 23 Nation: USSR. Payload: Gorizont s/n 34L. Mass: 2,125 kg (4,684 lb). Class: Communications. Spacecraft: Gorizont . Agency: MOM. Perigee: 36,158 km (22,467 mi). Apogee: 36,188 km (22,486 mi). Inclination: 6.80 deg. Period: 1,455.90 min. COSPAR: 1991-046A. USAF Sat Cat: 21533. Completed Operations Date: 1992-06-24. Stationed at 103 deg E. Maintenance of telephone and telegraph radio communications and transmission of television broadcasts. Positioned in geosynchronous orbit at 103 deg E in 1991-1992 As of 5 September 2001 located at 159.68 deg E drifting at 4.917 deg W per day. As of 2007 Mar 10 located at 0.82W drifting at 4.909W degrees per day. References: 2, 6, 67, 111, 274. 1991 July 2 - Launch Site: Vandenberg. Launch Complex: LF10. Launch Pad: -. Launch Vehicle: Minuteman 3. FOT GT143GM Follow-on Test launch Nation: USA. Agency: USAF SAC. Apogee: 1,300 km (800 mi). References: 2. 1991 July 4 - 02:32 GMT - Launch Site: Cape Canaveral. Launch Complex: LC17A. Launch Pad: -. Launch Vehicle: Delta. Model: Delta 7925. LV Configuration: Delta 7925 D206. USA 71 Nation: USA. Program: Navstar. Payload: GPS 2A-11 / GPS SVN 24. Mass: 1,816 kg (4,003 lb). Class: Navigation. Spacecraft: GPS Block 2 and 2A. Manufacturer: Boeing North American, Seal Beach (formerly Rockwell). Agency: USAF. Perigee: 20,043 km (12,454 mi). Apogee: 20,319 km (12,625 mi). Inclination: 55.60 deg. Period: 717.90 min. COSPAR: 1991-047A. USAF Sat Cat: 21552. Global Positioning System. Placed in Plane D Slot 1. References: 2, 6. Losat X Nation: USA. Mass: 75 kg (165 lb). Class: Military. Type: SDI. Spacecraft: Losat. Agency: SDIO. Perigee: 405 km (251 mi). Apogee: 417 km (259 mi). Inclination: 40.00 deg. Period: 92.80 min. COSPAR: 1991-047B. USAF Sat Cat: 21553. Decay Date: 1991-11-15. Test flight of DOD sensors; Low Altitude Satellite Experiment. Spacecraft engaged in research and exploration of the upper atmosphere or outer space (US Cat B). References: 2, 6. 1991 July 9 - 09:40 GMT - Launch Site: Plesetsk. Launch Complex: LC43/4. Launch Pad: -. Launch Vehicle: Soyuz. Model: Soyuz 11A511U. Cosmos 2152 Nation: USSR. Mass: 6,300 kg (13,800 lb). Class: Earth. Type: Landsat. Spacecraft: Zenit-8. Agency: MOM. Perigee: 174 km (108 mi). Apogee: 234 km (145 mi). Inclination: 82.40 deg. Period: 88.60 min. COSPAR: 1991-048A. USAF Sat Cat: 21558. Duration: 14.00 days. Decay Date: 1991-07-23. Military cartographic satellite; returned film capsule. References: 2, 6. 1991 July 10 - 14:00 GMT - Launch Site: Baikonur. Launch Complex: LC31. Launch Pad: -. Launch Vehicle: Soyuz. Model: Soyuz 11A511U2. Cosmos 2153 Nation: USSR. Mass: 6,600 kg (14,500 lb). Class: Surveillance. Type: Military. Spacecraft: Yantar-4KS1. Agency: MOM. Perigee: 182 km (113 mi). Apogee: 267 km (165 mi). Inclination: 64.90 deg. Period: 89.00 min. COSPAR: 1991-049A. USAF Sat Cat: 21560. Duration: 247.00 days. Decay Date: 1992-03-13. Photo/digital surveillance. References: 2, 6. 1991 July 11 - 17:25 GMT - Launch Site: White Sands. Launch Complex: LC36. Launch Pad: -. Launch Vehicle: Black Brant. Model: Black Brant 9. LV Configuration: Black Brant IX NASA 36.087US. Solar extreme ultraviolet mission Nation: USA. Agency: NASA. Apogee: 300 km (180 mi). References: 2. 1991 July 15 - 11:45 GMT - EVA Mir EO-9-3 Nation: USSR. Program: Mir. Class: Manned. Type: Space station. Spacecraft: Mir. Crew: Artsebarsky, Krikalyov. Flight: Mir EO-9, Mir LD-3. EVA Duration: 0.24 days. Began Sofora girder construction. Sofora mounting platform installed. References: 66. 1991 July 17 - 01:46 GMT - Launch Site: Kourou. Launch Complex: ELA2. Launch Pad: -. Launch Vehicle: Ariane. Model: Ariane 40. LV Configuration: Ariane 40 V44. ERS 1 Nation: Europe. Mass: 2,384 kg (5,255 lb). Class: Earth. Type: Radarsat. Spacecraft: ERS 1-2. Agency: ESA. Perigee: 774 km (480 mi). Apogee: 775 km (481 mi). Inclination: 98.50 deg. Period: 100.30 min. COSPAR: 1991-050A. USAF Sat Cat: 21574. Microwave, IR imaging of oceans, ice and land; SAR. ERS-1 was an Earth exploration satellite, using active and passive sensors for oceanography etc. Frequency plan: 2048.85/2225 MHz (TTC), 7225.2960/8489 MHz (PRARE), 8040, 8140 MHz (data transmission). Launch time 0146:31 UT. Designator ESA/91/02. References: 2, 6. Oscar 22 Nation: UK. Program: Oscar. Payload: UoSAT 5. Mass: 50 kg (110 lb). Class: Communications. Type: Amateur Radio. Spacecraft: MicroSat-70. Manufacturer: Surrey. Agency: TUB. Perigee: 759 km (471 mi). Apogee: 772 km (479 mi). Inclination: 98.50 deg. Period: 100.20 min. COSPAR: 1991-050B. USAF Sat Cat: 21575. Customer: SateLife. Carried store and forward communications and Earth observation payloads, replacing those lost on UoSAT-4. Still operational in 2000. References: 2, 6. Orbcomm-X Nation: USA. Program: Orbcomm. Payload: ERS 1 Orbcomm X. Mass: 22 kg (48 lb). Class: Technology. Type: Comsat. Spacecraft: Orbcomm. Agency: ESIEESPA. Perigee: 764 km (474 mi). Apogee: 771 km (479 mi). Inclination: 98.50 deg. Period: 100.20 min. COSPAR: 1991-050C. USAF Sat Cat: 21576. Store and forward communication. References: 2, 6. Tubsat-A Nation: Germany. Program: Tubsat. Payload: Tubsat A. Mass: 38 kg (83 lb). Class: Technology. Type: Comsat. Spacecraft: Tubsat. Agency: Orbcomm. Perigee: 762 km (473 mi). Apogee: 772 km (479 mi). Inclination: 98.50 deg. Period: 100.20 min. COSPAR: 1991-050D. USAF Sat Cat: 21577. Tubsat-A was the first satellite built at Germany's Technical University of Berlin was intended primarily to test attitude control subsystems and give students practice in the design, construction and operation of a satellite. Tubsat-A was launched piggyback with the first ERS mission, and because of it's near polar orbit, the spacecraft became an important communications tool for arctic and Antarctic expeditions. The spacecraft also acted as a testbed for some industry technology including GaAs cells and a transputer. Payload: Star Sensor, Sun Sensor, 3-Axis Magnetic Field Sensor, Magnetorquer, Store & Forward Communication. Dimensions: 38x38x38 cm. Mass: 35 kg. Still in operation as of 2003. References: 2, 6. SARA Nation: France. Mass: 26 kg (57 lb). Class: Astronomy. Spacecraft: SARA. Agency: SSTL. Perigee: 756 km (469 mi). Apogee: 764 km (474 mi). Inclination: 98.50 deg. Period: 100.00 min. COSPAR: 1991-050E. USAF Sat Cat: 21578. Radioastronomy. References: 2, 6. 1991 July 17 - 17:33 GMT - Launch Site: Point Arguello WADZ. Launch Complex: -. Launch Pad: 36.0 N x 123.0 W. Launch Vehicle: Pegasus. Model: Pegasus/HAPS. LV Configuration: Pegasus/HAPS 002/F2. Microsat 1 Nation: USA. Payload: Microsat 1 / ... / Microsat 7. Mass: 22 kg (48 lb). Class: Technology. Type: Comsat. Spacecraft: Microsat. Agency: DARPA. Perigee: 356 km (221 mi). Apogee: 454 km (282 mi). Inclination: 82.00 deg. Period: 92.70 min. COSPAR: 1991-051A. USAF Sat Cat: 21580. Decay Date: 1992-01-23. Test of LEO network for global communications. References: 2, 6. Microsat 2 Nation: USA. Mass: 22 kg (48 lb). Class: Technology. Type: Comsat. Spacecraft: Microsat. Agency: DARPA. Perigee: 355 km (220 mi). Apogee: 454 km (282 mi). Inclination: 82.00 deg. Period: 92.70 min. COSPAR: 1991-051B. USAF Sat Cat: 21581. Decay Date: 1992-01-23. Test of LEO network for global communications. References: 2, 6. Microsat 3 Nation: USA. Mass: 22 kg (48 lb). Class: Technology. Type: Comsat. Spacecraft: Microsat. Agency: DARPA. Perigee: 355 km (220 mi). Apogee: 454 km (282 mi). Inclination: 82.00 deg. Period: 92.70 min. COSPAR: 1991-051C. USAF Sat Cat: 21582. Decay Date: 1992-01-24. Test of LEO network for global communications. References: 2, 6. Microsat 4 Nation: USA. Mass: 22 kg (48 lb). Class: Technology. Type: Comsat. Spacecraft: Microsat. Agency: DARPA. Perigee: 355 km (220 mi). Apogee: 454 km (282 mi). Inclination: 82.00 deg. Period: 92.70 min. COSPAR: 1991-051D. USAF Sat Cat: 21583. Decay Date: 1992-01-23. Test of LEO network for global communications. References: 2, 6. Microsat 5 Nation: USA. Mass: 22 kg (48 lb). Class: Technology. Type: Comsat. Spacecraft: Microsat. Agency: DARPA. Perigee: 355 km (220 mi). Apogee: 455 km (282 mi). Inclination: 82.00 deg. Period: 92.70 min. COSPAR: 1991-051E. USAF Sat Cat: 21584. Decay Date: 1992-01-24. Test of LEO network for global communications. References: 2, 6. Microsat 6 Nation: USA. Mass: 22 kg (48 lb). Class: Technology. Type: Comsat. Spacecraft: Microsat. Agency: DARPA. Perigee: 355 km (220 mi). Apogee: 454 km (282 mi). Inclination: 82.00 deg. Period: 92.70 min. COSPAR: 1991-051F. USAF Sat Cat: 21585. Decay Date: 1992-01-25. Test of LEO network for global communications. References: 2, 6. Microsat 7 Nation: USA. Mass: 22 kg (48 lb). Class: Technology. Type: Comsat. Spacecraft: Microsat. Agency: DARPA. Perigee: 358 km (222 mi). Apogee: 452 km (280 mi). Inclination: 82.00 deg. Period: 92.70 min. COSPAR: 1991-051G. USAF Sat Cat: 21586. Decay Date: 1992-01-23. Test of LEO network for global communications. References: 2, 6. 1991 July 19 - 11:10 GMT - EVA Mir EO-9-4 Nation: USSR. Program: Mir. Class: Manned. Type: Space station. Spacecraft: Mir. Crew: Artsebarsky, Krikalyov. Flight: Mir EO-9, Mir LD-3. EVA Duration: 0.23 days. Began assembly of Sofora girder. References: 66. 1991 July 23 - 09:05 GMT - Launch Site: Plesetsk. Launch Complex: LC43/3. Launch Pad: -. Launch Vehicle: Soyuz. Model: Soyuz 11A511U. Resurs F-12 Nation: USSR. Program: Resurs. Payload: Resurs-F1 14F43 s/n 53. Mass: 6,300 kg (13,800 lb). Class: Earth. Type: Landsat. Spacecraft: Resurs F1-14F43. Agency: MOM. Perigee: 178 km (110 mi). Apogee: 230 km (140 mi). Inclination: 82.40 deg. Period: 88.60 min. COSPAR: 1991-052A. USAF Sat Cat: 21611. Duration: 16.00 days. Decay Date: 1991-08-08. Investigation of the natural resources of the earth in the interests of the various branches of the national economy of the USSR, and solution of problems relating to the environment and to international cooperation. References: 2, 6. 1991 July 23 - 09:15 GMT - EVA Mir EO-9-5 Nation: USSR. Program: Mir. Class: Manned. Type: Space station. Spacecraft: Mir. Crew: Artsebarsky, Krikalyov. Flight: Mir EO-9, Mir LD-3. EVA Duration: 0.23 days. Continued assembly of Sofora girder. References: 66. 1991 July 27 - 08:44 GMT - EVA Mir EO-9-6 Nation: USSR. Program: Mir. Class: Manned. Type: Space station. Spacecraft: Mir. Crew: Artsebarsky, Krikalyov. Flight: Mir EO-9, Mir LD-3. EVA Duration: 0.28 days. Completed assembly of Sofora girder. References: 66. 1991 July 29 - Launch Site: ETR Launch Area. Launch Complex: -. Launch Pad: -. Launch Vehicle: Trident. Model: Trident D-5. CET Nation: USA. Agency: USN. Apogee: 1,000 km (600 mi). References: 2. 1991 July 29 - Launch Site: ETR Launch Area. Launch Complex: -. Launch Pad: -. Launch Vehicle: Trident. Model: Trident D-5. CET Nation: USA. Agency: USN. Apogee: 1,000 km (600 mi). References: 2. 1991 July 29 - Launch Site: ETR Launch Area. Launch Complex: -. Launch Pad: -. Launch Vehicle: Trident. Model: Trident D-5. CINC Evaluation Test launch Nation: USA. Agency: USN. Apogee: 1,000 km (600 mi). References: 2. 1991 July 29 - Launch Site: ETR Launch Area. Launch Complex: -. Launch Pad: -. Launch Vehicle: Trident. Model: Trident D-5. CET Nation: USA. Agency: USN. Apogee: 1,000 km (600 mi). References: 2. 1991 July 31 - Bush-Gorbachev summit negotiates strategic arms reduction treaty Nation: International. 1991 August 1 - 01:28 GMT - Launch Site: Kiruna. Launch Complex: -. Launch Pad: -. Launch Vehicle: Black Brant. Model: Black Brant 5B. LV Configuration: Black Brant VB NASA 21.103GE NLC-91. N-B-E03 EFIELD-B Ionosphere mission Nation: USA. Agency: NASA. Apogee: 99 km (61 mi). References: 2. 1991 August 1 - 11:53 GMT - Launch Site: Plesetsk. Launch Complex: LC43/4. Launch Pad: -. Launch Vehicle: Soyuz. Model: Molniya 8K78M. LV Configuration: Molniya 8K78M-ML. Molniya 1-82 Nation: USSR. Program: Molniya. Payload: Molniya-1T. Mass: 1,600 kg (3,500 lb). Class: Communications. Spacecraft: Molniya-1T. Agency: MOM. Perigee: 763 km (474 mi). Apogee: 39,591 km (24,600 mi). Inclination: 64.50 deg. Period: 717.80 min. COSPAR: 1991-053A. USAF Sat Cat: 21630. Decay Date: 2004-10-09. Operation of the long-range telephone and telegraph radio communications system in the USSR; transmission of USSR Central Television programmes to stations in the Orbita network. References: 2, 6. 1991 August 2 - 15:02 GMT - Launch Site: Cape Canaveral. Launch Complex: LC39A. Launch Pad: -. Launch Vehicle: Shuttle. LV Configuration: Space Shuttle STS-43. STS-43 Nation: USA. Program: STS. Payload: Atlantis F09 / TDRS 5 [IUS]. Mass: 21,265 kg (46,881 lb). Class: Manned. Type: Spaceplane. Spacecraft: Atlantis. Agency: NASA JSC. Perigee: 301 km (187 mi). Apogee: 306 km (190 mi). Inclination: 28.50 deg. Period: 90.60 min. COSPAR: 1991-054A. USAF Sat Cat: 21638. Duration: 8.89 days. Decay Date: 1991-08-11. Crew: Adamson, Baker Mike, Blaha, Low, Lucid. Flight: STS-43. Manned five crew. Deployed TDRS 5 satellite. Payloads: Tracking and Data Relay Satellite (TDRS)-E/lnertial Upper Stage (lUS), Space Station Heatpipe Advanced Radiator Element (SHARE)-ll, Shuttle Solar Backscatter Ultraviolet (SSBUV) instrument 03, Optical Communications Through the Shuttle Window (OCTW), Air Force Maui Optical Site (AMOS) Calibration Test, Auroral Photography Experiment (APE)-B, Bioserve-lnstrumentation Technology Associates Materials Dispersion Apparatus (BlMDA)-02, Investigations Into Polymer Membrane Processing (IPMP)-03, Protein Crystal Growth Ill Block Il, Space Acceleration Measure-ment System (SAMS), Solid Surface Combustion Experiment (SSCE)-02, Tank Pressure Control Experiment (TPCE). References: 2, 6, 7. TDRS 5 Nation: USA. Program: STS. Payload: TDRS E. Mass: 2,200 kg (4,800 lb). Class: Communications. Spacecraft: TDRS. Agency: NASA GSF. Perigee: 35,783 km (22,234 mi). Apogee: 35,790 km (22,230 mi). Inclination: 0.00 deg. Period: 1,436.10 min. COSPAR: 1991-054B. USAF Sat Cat: 21639. NASA communications; 174 deg W; deployed from STS-43 8/2/91. Spacecraft engaged in research and exploration of the upper atmosphere or outer space (US Cat B). Positioned in geosynchronous orbit at 174 deg W in 1991-1999 As of 1 September 2001 located at 174.28 deg W drifting at 0.011 deg E per day. As of 2007 Mar 10 located at 171.61W drifting at 0.006W degrees per day. References: 2, 6. 1991 August 8 - Astronaut James Benson Irwin dies at age of 61 -- Natural causes - Heart attack. Nation: USA. 1991 August 9 - 23:15 GMT - Launch Site: Kiruna. Launch Complex: -. Launch Pad: -. Launch Vehicle: Hawk. Model: Nike Orion. LV Configuration: Nike Orion DLR K-NO-189 NLC-91. N-A-T13 TURBO A Aeronomy mission Nation: Germany. Agency: DLR. Apogee: 117 km (72 mi). References: 2. 1991 August 9 - 23:30 GMT - Launch Site: Kiruna. Launch Complex: -. Launch Pad: -. Launch Vehicle: Black Brant. Model: Black Brant 5B. LV Configuration: Black Brant VB NASA 21.104GE NLC-91. N-B-E16 EFIELD-A Ionosphere mission Nation: USA. Agency: NASA. Apogee: 101 km (62 mi). References: 2. 1991 August 10 - China accepts nuclear nonproliferation treaty Nation: China. 1991 August 10 - Launch Vehicle: Shuttle. Shuttle Columbia overhauled at Palmdale Nation: USA. Program: STS. Spacecraft: Columbia. The orbiter returned to service on 9 February 1992. 62 modifications were made, including replacement of the nose cap; removal of the SEADS and SUMS experiment packages; new Auxiliary Power Units installed; carbon brakes and a drag chute installed; Orbiter 6.0 structural modifications made; AP-101S General Purpose Computers replaced the older AP-101P's; and the Thermal Protection System was reworked. References: 44. 1991 August 11 - Landing of STS-43 Nation: USA. Program: STS. Flight: STS-43. STS-43 landed at 12:28 GMT. 1991 August 14 - 23:15 GMT - Launch Site: Kourou. Launch Complex: ELA2. Launch Pad: -. Launch Vehicle: Ariane. Model: Ariane 44L. LV Configuration: Ariane 44L V45. Intelsat 6 F-5 Nation: International. Program: Intelsat. Payload: Intelsat 605. Mass: 4,296 kg (9,471 lb). Class: Communications. Spacecraft: HS 393. Agency: Intelsat. Perigee: 35,784 km (22,235 mi). Apogee: 35,788 km (22,237 mi). Inclination: 0.00 deg. Period: 1,436.10 min. COSPAR: 1991-055A. USAF Sat Cat: 21653. International communications; 14.5 deg W. Positioned in geosynchronous orbit at 24 deg W in 1991-1997; 27 deg W in 1997-1999 As of 2 September 2001 located at 27.48 deg W drifting at 0.015 deg W per day. As of 2007 Mar 10 located at 174.03E drifting at 0.000W degrees per day. References: 2, 6. 1991 August 15 - 09:14 GMT - Launch Site: Plesetsk. Launch Complex: LC32. Launch Pad: LC32/pad?. Launch Vehicle: Tsiklon. Model: Tsiklon-3. Meteor 3-05 Nation: USSR. Payload: Meteor-3 s/n 5/TOMS. Mass: 2,150 kg (4,730 lb). Class: Earth. Type: Weather. Spacecraft: Meteor-3. Agency: GMS. Perigee: 1,185 km (736 mi). Apogee: 1,208 km (750 mi). Inclination: 82.60 deg. Period: 109.30 min. COSPAR: 1991-056A. USAF Sat Cat: 21655. Gathering of hydrometeorological data; testing of data-gathering and measuring equipment, of optical and mechanical television and radiometric scanning apparatus, of instruments for geophysical research and of methods for the remote sensing of the atmosph ere and the Earth's surface for various branches of the USSR economy and science; charting the state of the ozone layer, using American (Total Ozone Mapping Spectrometer) instrument. Meteor 3-5 continued to operate during 1993-1994, but its US TOMS developed problems in May, 1993, and failed entirely in late 1994. However, the data returned by the 30-kg instrument, particularly over the south polar region, was exceptionally valuable. References: 2, 6, 115. 1991 August 15 - 12:05 GMT - Launch Site: Baikonur. Launch Complex: -. Launch Pad: -. Launch Vehicle: UR-100N. Model: UR-100NU. Operational missile test Nation: USSR. Agency: RVSN. Apogee: 1,000 km (600 mi). References: 2. 1991 August 19 - 22:55 GMT - Launch Site: Plesetsk. Launch Complex: -. Launch Pad: -. Launch Vehicle: Topol. Model: Topol. Test mission Nation: USSR. Agency: RVSN. Apogee: 1,000 km (600 mi). References: 2. 1991 August 20 - 22:54 GMT - Launch Site: Baikonur. Launch Complex: LC1. Launch Pad: -. Launch Vehicle: Soyuz. Model: Soyuz 11A511U2. LV Configuration: Soyuz 11A511U2 G15000-047. Progress M-9 Nation: USSR. Program: Mir. Payload: Progress M s/n 210. Mass: 7,311 kg (16,117 lb). Class: Manned. Type: Logistics. Spacecraft: Progress M. Agency: MOM. Perigee: 186 km (115 mi). Apogee: 230 km (140 mi). Inclination: 51.60 deg. Period: 88.70 min. COSPAR: 1991-057A. USAF Sat Cat: 21662. Duration: 40.39 days. Completed Operations Date: 1991-10-01 08:24:38 PM. Decay Date: 1991-10-01 08:24:38 PM. Flight: Mir EO-9, Mir LD-3. Unmanned resupply vessel to Mir; carried reentry capsule for return of 150 kg of experiment results. Docked with Mir on 23 Aug 1991 00:54:17 GMT. Undocked on 30 Sep 1991 01:53:00 GMT. 350 kg return capsule detached from the Propess' orbital module at an altitude of 110 to 130 km. The capsule underwent a ballistic descent to 15 km, followed by a parachute descent from there to surface. The capsule's beacon began transmitting at 4.5 km. Landed in Kazakhstan on 30 Sep 1991 08:16:24 GMT. Total free-flight time 2.35 days. Total docked time 38.04 days. References: 2, 6, 275. VBK Raduga Nation: USSR. Program: Mir. Spacecraft: Progress M. Agency: UNKS. COSPAR: 1991-057xx. Flight: Mir EO-9, Mir LD-3. References: 2, 279. 1991 August 21 - 10:50 GMT - Launch Site: Plesetsk. Launch Complex: LC43/3. Launch Pad: -. Launch Vehicle: Soyuz. Model: Soyuz 11A511U. Resurs F-13 Nation: USSR. Program: Resurs. Payload: Resurs-F2 17F42 s/n 7. Mass: 6,300 kg (13,800 lb). Class: Earth. Type: Landsat. Spacecraft: Resurs F2. Agency: MOM. Perigee: 178 km (110 mi). Apogee: 240 km (140 mi). Inclination: 82.30 deg. Period: 88.70 min. COSPAR: 1991-058A. USAF Sat Cat: 21664. Duration: 30.00 days. Decay Date: 1991-09-20. Investigation of the natural resources of the earth in the interests of the various branches of the national economy of the USSR, and solution of problems relating to the environment and to international cooperation. References: 2, 6. 1991 August 22 - 12:35 GMT - Launch Site: Plesetsk. Launch Complex: LC132/1. Launch Pad: LC132/1?. Launch Vehicle: Kosmos 3. Model: Kosmos 11K65M. LV Configuration: Kosmos 11K65M 53778-429. Cosmos 2154 Nation: USSR. Mass: 825 kg (1,818 lb). Class: Navigation. Spacecraft: Parus. Agency: MO SSSR. Perigee: 969 km (602 mi). Apogee: 1,008 km (626 mi). Inclination: 82.90 deg. Period: 104.90 min. COSPAR: 1991-059A. USAF Sat Cat: 21666. Military navigation satellite. References: 2, 6. 1991 August 25 - 08:40 GMT - Launch Site: Tanegashima. Launch Complex: N. Launch Pad: -. Launch Vehicle: Delta. Model: H-1. LV Configuration: H-1 H-23(F). Yuri 3B Nation: Japan. Program: BS. Payload: BS-3b. Mass: 1,115 kg (2,458 lb). Class: Communications. Spacecraft: AS 3000. Manufacturer: Lockheed Martin. Agency: NASDA/TC. Perigee: 36,171 km (22,475 mi). Apogee: 36,244 km (22,520 mi). Inclination: 3.20 deg. Period: 1,457.70 min. COSPAR: 1991-060A. USAF Sat Cat: 21668. Completed Operations Date: 1999-04-05. TV; 110 deg E. Positioned in geosynchronous orbit at 110 deg E in 1991-1999 As of 3 September 2001 located at 91.59 deg E drifting at 5.350 deg W per day. As of 2007 Mar 9 located at 152.69E drifting at 5.334W degrees per day. References: 2, 6. 1991 August 29 - 06:48 GMT - Launch Site: Baikonur. Launch Complex: LC31. Launch Pad: -. Launch Vehicle: Soyuz. Model: Vostok 8A92M. IRS-1B Nation: India. Payload: IRS 1B. Mass: 980 kg (2,160 lb). Class: Earth. Type: Landsat. Spacecraft: IRS. Agency: ISRO. Perigee: 892 km (554 mi). Apogee: 919 km (571 mi). Inclination: 99.00 deg. Period: 103.10 min. COSPAR: 1991-061A. USAF Sat Cat: 21688. Remote sensing; launched commercially by USSR. Operational remote sensing satellite for natural resources management. References: 2, 6. 1991 August 30 - Launch Site: ETR Launch Area. Launch Complex: -. Launch Pad: -. Launch Vehicle: Trident. Model: Trident D-5. DASO-7 demonstration and shakedown operations launch Nation: USA. Agency: USN. Apogee: 1,000 km (600 mi). References: 2. 1991 August 30 - 02:30 GMT - Launch Site: Kagoshima. Launch Complex: M. Launch Pad: M1. Launch Vehicle: Mu. Model: Mu-3S-II. LV Configuration: Mu-3S-II M-3S2-6. Solar-A Nation: Japan. Payload: Yohkoh. Mass: 420 kg (920 lb). Class: Solar. Spacecraft: Solar. Agency: ISAS. Perigee: 516 km (320 mi). Apogee: 754 km (468 mi). Inclination: 31.30 deg. Period: 97.40 min. COSPAR: 1991-062A. USAF Sat Cat: 21694. Decay Date: 2005-09-12. X-ray imaging of Sun. References: 2, 6. 1991 August 30 - 08:58 GMT - Launch Site: Baikonur. Launch Complex: LC45/1. Launch Pad: -. Launch Vehicle: Zenit. Model: Zenit-2. FAILURE: Second stage exploded due to heating problems in main engine. Tselina-2 Nation: USSR. Program: Tselina. Payload: Tselina-2 no. 11. Mass: 6,000 kg (13,200 lb). Class: Sigint. Spacecraft: Tselina-2. Agency: UNKS. COSPAR: F910830A. References: 5. 1991 September 3 - Launch Site: Vandenberg. Launch Complex: LF04. Launch Pad: -. Launch Vehicle: Minuteman 3. FOT GT145GM Follow-on Test launch Nation: USA. Agency: USAF SAC. Apogee: 1,300 km (800 mi). References: 2. 1991 September 4 - 05:50 GMT - Launch Site: Barking Sands. Launch Complex: -. Launch Pad: -. Launch Vehicle: Super Chief. Model: Talos Castor. LV Configuration: Talos Castor ZEST-1. Tungsten dust cloud Target/Release mission Nation: USA. Agency: Sandia. Apogee: 330 km (200 mi). Tungsten dust release for SDIO. References: 2. 1991 September 6 - 21:50 GMT - Launch Site: White Sands. Launch Complex: -. Launch Pad: -. Launch Vehicle: Black Brant. Model: Black Brant 8C. LV Configuration: Black Brant 8C NASA 27.129UE. Plasma mission Nation: USA. Agency: NASA. Apogee: 148 km (91 mi). References: 2. 1991 September 12 - 05:41 GMT - Launch Site: Barking Sands. Launch Complex: -. Launch Pad: -. Launch Vehicle: Super Chief. Model: Talos Castor. LV Configuration: Talos Castor ZEST-2. Target / release mission Nation: USA. Agency: Sandia. Apogee: 330 km (200 mi). Tungsten dust release for SDIO. References: 2. 1991 September 12 - 12:45 GMT - Launch Site: Baikonur. Launch Complex: -. Launch Pad: -. Launch Vehicle: R-36M. Model: R-36MU 15A18. Joint flight trials launch Nation: USSR. Agency: RVSN. Apogee: 1,000 km (600 mi). References: 2. 1991 September 12 - 23:11 GMT - Launch Site: Cape Canaveral. Launch Complex: LC39A. Launch Pad: -. Launch Vehicle: Shuttle. LV Configuration: Space Shuttle STS-48. STS-48 Nation: USA. Program: STS. Payload: Discovery F13 / UARS. Mass: 7,854 kg (17,315 lb). Class: Manned. Type: Spaceplane. Spacecraft: Discovery. Agency: NASA JSC. Perigee: 575 km (357 mi). Apogee: 580 km (360 mi). Inclination: 57.00 deg. Period: 96.20 min. COSPAR: 1991-063A. USAF Sat Cat: 21700. Duration: 5.35 days. Decay Date: 1991-09-19. Crew: Brown Mark, Buchli, Creighton, Gemar, Reightler. Flight: STS-48. Manned five crew. Deployed UARS; conducted materials and biological research. Payloads: Upper Atmosphere Research Satellite (UARS), Ascent Particle Monitor (APM)-03, Physiological and Anatomical Rodent Experiment (PARE)-01, Protein Crystal Growth (PCG)-ll-2, Middeck Zero-Gravity Dynamics, Experiment (MODE)-01, Investigations Into Polymer Membrane Processing (IPMP)-04, Cosmic Radiation Effects and Activation Monitor (CREAM-02), Radiation Monitoring Equipment (RME)-lll-06, Shuttle Activation Monitor (SAM)-03, Air Force Maui Optical Site (AMOS) Calibration Test. References: 2, 6, 7. UARS Nation: USA. Payload: Discovery F13 / UARS. Mass: 6,795 kg (14,980 lb). Class: Earth. Type: Ionosphere. Spacecraft: UARS. Agency: NASA GSF. Perigee: 574 km (356 mi). Apogee: 582 km (361 mi). Inclination: 57.00 deg. Period: 96.20 min. COSPAR: 1991-063B. USAF Sat Cat: 21701. Upper Atmospheric Research Satellite; deployed from STS 48 9/15/91. Spacecraft engaged in research and exploration of the upper atmosphere or outer space (US Cat B). References: 2, 6. 1991 September 13 - 17:51 GMT - Launch Site: Baikonur. Launch Complex: LC81/23. Launch Pad: -. Launch Vehicle: Proton. Model: Proton-K/DM-2. LV Configuration: Proton-K/DM-2 353-01. Cosmos 2155 Nation: USSR. Payload: SPRN No. 6. Mass: 2,150 kg (4,730 lb). Class: Early Warning. Spacecraft: Prognoz SPRN. Agency: MOM. Perigee: 35,781 km (22,233 mi). Apogee: 35,825 km (22,260 mi). Inclination: 0.40 deg. Period: 1,437.00 min. COSPAR: 1991-064A. USAF Sat Cat: 21702. Completed Operations Date: 1992-06-16. Geosynchronous ballistic missile early warning satellite. Declared purpose: 'Relaying of telegraph and telephone information'. Positioned in geosynchronous orbit at 24 deg W in 1991-1992 As of 3 September 2001 located at 160.51 deg W drifting at 0.257 deg W per day. As of 2007 Mar 9 located at 94.69E drifting at 0.424W degrees per day. References: 2, 6, 67, 107, 274. 1991 September 15 - 23:00 GMT - Launch Site: Tanegashima. Launch Complex: T. Launch Pad: -. Launch Vehicle: TR-1. Model: TR-1A. LV Configuration: TR-1A TR-1A-1. Microgravity mission Nation: Japan. Agency: NASDA. Apogee: 270 km (160 mi). References: 2. 1991 September 17 - Launch Site: Vandenberg. Launch Complex: LF02. Launch Pad: -. Launch Vehicle: Peacekeeper. LV Configuration: Peacekeeper 07PA. Operational test Nation: USA. Agency: USAF SAC. Apogee: 1,000 km (600 mi). References: 2. 1991 September 17 - 10:20 GMT - Launch Site: Baikonur. Launch Complex: -. Launch Pad: -. Launch Vehicle: R-36M. Model: R-36M2 15A18M. State trials missile test Nation: USSR. Agency: RVSN. Apogee: 1,000 km (600 mi). References: 2. 1991 September 17 - 20:01 GMT - Launch Site: Plesetsk. Launch Complex: LC43/4. Launch Pad: -. Launch Vehicle: Soyuz. Model: Molniya 8K78M. LV Configuration: Molniya 8K78M-ML. Molniya 3-41 Nation: USSR. Program: Molniya. Payload: Molniya-3 s/n 48. Mass: 1,600 kg (3,500 lb). Class: Communications. Spacecraft: Molniya-3. Agency: MOM. Perigee: 1,209 km (751 mi). Apogee: 39,145 km (24,323 mi). Inclination: 63.10 deg. Period: 717.80 min. COSPAR: 1991-065A. USAF Sat Cat: 21706. Operation of the long-range telephone and telegraph radio communications system in the USSR; transmission of USSR Central Television programmes to stations in the Orbita network and within the framework of international cooperation. References: 2, 6. 1991 September 17 - 23:43 GMT - Launch Site: Andoya. Launch Complex: -. Launch Pad: -. Launch Vehicle: Hawk. Model: Nike Orion. LV Configuration: Nike Orion DLR A-NO-190. Turbo-Metal Aeronomy mission Nation: Germany. Agency: DLR. Apogee: 140 km (80 mi). References: 2. 1991 September 18 - Landing of STS-48 Nation: USA. Program: STS. Flight: STS-48. STS-48 landed at 07:38 GMT. 1991 September 19 - 16:20 GMT - Launch Site: Plesetsk. Launch Complex: LC43/3. Launch Pad: -. Launch Vehicle: Soyuz. Model: Soyuz 11A511U. Cosmos 2156 Nation: USSR. Mass: 6,600 kg (14,500 lb). Class: Surveillance. Type: Military. Spacecraft: Yantar-4K1. Agency: MOM. Perigee: 160 km (90 mi). Apogee: 345 km (214 mi). Inclination: 67.10 deg. Period: 89.60 min. COSPAR: 1991-066A. USAF Sat Cat: 21713. Duration: 59.00 days. Decay Date: 1991-11-17. High resolution photo reconnaissance; returned film in two small SpK capsules during the mission and with the main capsule at completion of the mission. References: 2, 6, 179. 1991 September 20 - 20:48 GMT - Launch Site: Andoya. Launch Complex: -. Launch Pad: -. Launch Vehicle: Hawk. Model: Nike Orion. LV Configuration: Nike Orion DLR A-NO-191. Turbo-Metal Aeronomy mission Nation: Germany. Agency: DLR. Apogee: 140 km (80 mi). References: 2. 1991 September 20 - 22:40 GMT - Launch Site: Andoya. Launch Complex: -. Launch Pad: -. Launch Vehicle: Hawk. Model: Nike Orion. LV Configuration: Nike Orion DLR A-NO-192. Turbo-Metal Aeronomy mission Nation: Germany. Agency: DLR. Apogee: 140 km (80 mi). References: 2. 1991 September 23 - 15:40 GMT - Launch Site: White Sands. Launch Complex: LC37. Launch Pad: -. Launch Vehicle: HEDI. FAILURE: Failure. KITE-2 test Nation: USA. Agency: SDIO. Apogee: 0 km ( mi). References: 2. 1991 September 26 - 23:43 GMT - Launch Site: Kourou. Launch Complex: ELA2. Launch Pad: -. Launch Vehicle: Ariane. Model: Ariane 44P. LV Configuration: Ariane 44P V46. Anik E1 Nation: Canada. Program: Anik. Mass: 2,977 kg (6,563 lb). Class: Communications. Spacecraft: AS 5000. Manufacturer: Lockheed Martin. Agency: Telesat. Perigee: 35,778 km (22,231 mi). Apogee: 35,795 km (22,241 mi). Inclination: 0.00 deg. Period: 1,436.10 min. COSPAR: 1991-067A. USAF Sat Cat: 21726. Stationed at 111.1 deg W. Positioned in geosynchronous orbit at 111 deg W in 1991-1999 As of 6 September 2001 located at 118.68 deg W drifting at 0.000 deg E per day. As of 2007 Mar 10 located at 31.37E drifting at 3.973W degrees per day. References: 2, 6. 1991 September 28 - 07:05 GMT - Launch Site: Plesetsk. Launch Complex: LC32. Launch Pad: LC32/pad?. Launch Vehicle: Tsiklon. Model: Tsiklon-3. Cosmos 2157 Nation: USSR. Program: Strela. Payload: Strela-3 no. 59. Mass: 220 kg (480 lb). Class: Communications. Type: Military Store-dump. Spacecraft: Strela-3. Agency: MO SSSR. Perigee: 1,408 km (874 mi). Apogee: 1,413 km (877 mi). Inclination: 82.60 deg. Period: 114.00 min. COSPAR: 1991-068A. USAF Sat Cat: 21728. Eight satellites launched by a single carrier rocket. References: 2, 6, 105. Cosmos 2158 Nation: USSR. Program: Strela. Payload: Strela-3 no. 60. Mass: 220 kg (480 lb). Class: Communications. Type: Military Store-dump. Spacecraft: Strela-3. Agency: MO SSSR. Perigee: 1,404 km (872 mi). Apogee: 1,411 km (876 mi). Inclination: 82.60 deg. Period: 113.90 min. COSPAR: 1991-068B. USAF Sat Cat: 21729. References: 2, 6, 105. Cosmos 2159 Nation: USSR. Program: Strela. Payload: Strela-3 no. 61. Mass: 220 kg (480 lb). Class: Communications. Type: Military Store-dump. Spacecraft: Strela-3. Agency: MO SSSR. Perigee: 1,388 km (862 mi). Apogee: 1,410 km (870 mi). Inclination: 82.60 deg. Period: 113.80 min. COSPAR: 1991-068C. USAF Sat Cat: 21730. References: 2, 6, 105. Cosmos 2160 Nation: USSR. Program: Strela. Payload: Strela-3 no. 62. Mass: 220 kg (480 lb). Class: Communications. Type: Military Store-dump. Spacecraft: Strela-3. Agency: MO SSSR. Perigee: 1,398 km (868 mi). Apogee: 1,411 km (876 mi). Inclination: 82.60 deg. Period: 113.90 min. COSPAR: 1991-068D. USAF Sat Cat: 21731. References: 2, 6, 105. Cosmos 2161 Nation: USSR. Program: Strela. Payload: Strela-3 no. 63. Mass: 220 kg (480 lb). Class: Communications. Type: Military Store-dump. Spacecraft: Strela-3. Agency: MO SSSR. Perigee: 1,394 km (866 mi). Apogee: 1,411 km (876 mi). Inclination: 82.60 deg. Period: 113.80 min. COSPAR: 1991-068E. USAF Sat Cat: 21732. References: 2, 6, 105. Cosmos 2162 Nation: USSR. Program: Strela. Payload: Strela-3 no. 64. Mass: 220 kg (480 lb). Class: Communications. Type: Military Store-dump. Spacecraft: Strela-3. Agency: MO SSSR. Perigee: 1,409 km (875 mi). Apogee: 1,418 km (881 mi). Inclination: 82.60 deg. Period: 114.10 min. COSPAR: 1991-068F. USAF Sat Cat: 21733. References: 2, 6, 105. 1991 September 30 - 20:55 GMT - Launch Site: Andoya. Launch Complex: -. Launch Pad: -. Launch Vehicle: Hawk. Model: Nike Orion. LV Configuration: Nike Orion DLR A-NO-193. Turbo-Metal Aeronomy mission Nation: Germany. Agency: DLR. Apogee: 140 km (80 mi). References: 2. Previous Home Next Contact us with any corrections, additions, or comments. Conditions for use of drawings, pictures, or other materials from this site.. 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