Chronology - Quarter 1 1994 Previous Home Next 1994 During the Year - Mars Together Nation: Russia. Spacecraft: Mars Together. RKK Energia, and NASA's Jet Propulsion Laboratory analysed the project 'Mars Together'. This studied the use of spacecraft using solar arrays or nuclear reactors of up to 30 to 40 kW for insertion into Martian orbit and operation of a side-looking radar to digitally map the surface. 1994 During the Year - Mir-Shuttle Docking Module design approved. Nation: Russia. Spacecraft: Mir-Shuttle Docking Module, Mir. The simplified SO design deleted the lateral airlock. Qualification was relatively straightforward since the basic structure of the Soyuz BO orbital module was used, and the APDS androgynous docking port installation had already been proven on Soyuz-TM16. The draft project was completed in December 1993. 1994 January 8 - 10:05 GMT - Launch Site: Baikonur. Launch Complex: LC1. Launch Pad: LC1. Launch Vehicle: Soyuz 11A511U2. Model: Soyuz 11A511U2. Soyuz TM-18 Nation: Russia. Program: Mir. Payload: Soyuz TM 11F732 s/n 67. Mass: 7,150 kg (15,760 lb). Class: Manned. Type: Spacecraft. Spacecraft: Soyuz TM. Agency: MOM. Perigee: 244 km (151 mi). Apogee: 335 km (208 mi). Inclination: 51.60 deg. Period: 90.10 min. COSPAR: 1994-001A. USAF Sat Cat: 22957. Duration: 182.02 days. Decay Date: 1994-07-09. Crew: Afanasyev, Polyakov, Usachyov. Flight: Mir EO-15, Mir EO-14, Mir LD-4. Mir Expedition EO-15. Docked at the Kvant module on January 10 at 11:15 GMT. Transported to the Mir orbital station of a crew comprising the cosmonauts V M Afanasev, Y V Usachev, and V V Polyakov for the fifteenth main expedition. References: 1, 2, 6,51. 1994 January 14 - Landing of Soyuz TM-17 Nation: Russia. Program: Mir. Flight: Mir EO-15, Mir EO-14, Mir LD-4. Soyuz TM-17 landed at 08:24 GMT with the EO-14 crew of Serebrov and Tsibliyev aboard. 1994 January 20 - Launch Site: Cape Canaveral. Launch Complex: ETR. Launch Pad: SLBM Launch Area. Launch Vehicle: Trident D-5. LV Configuration: Trident D-5 FCET-10. Trident D-5 Operational Test mission Nation: USA. Agency: USN. Apogee: 1,000 km (600 mi). References: 796. 1994 January 20 - Launch Site: Cape Canaveral. Launch Complex: ETR. Launch Pad: SLBM Launch Area. Launch Vehicle: Trident D-5. LV Configuration: Trident D-5 FCET-10. Trident D-5 Operational Test mission Nation: USA. Agency: USN. Apogee: 1,000 km (600 mi). References: 796. 1994 January 20 - Launch Site: Cape Canaveral. Launch Complex: ETR. Launch Pad: SLBM Launch Area. Launch Vehicle: Trident D-5. LV Configuration: Trident D-5 FCET-10. Trident D-5 Operational Test mission Nation: USA. Agency: USN. Apogee: 1,000 km (600 mi). References: 796. 1994 January 20 - Launch Site: Cape Canaveral. Launch Complex: ETR. Launch Pad: SLBM Launch Area. Launch Vehicle: Trident D-5. LV Configuration: Trident D-5 FCET-10. Trident D-5 Operational Test mission Nation: USA. Agency: USN. Apogee: 1,000 km (600 mi). References: 796. 1994 January 20 - 09:49 GMT - Launch Site: Baikonur. Launch Complex: LC81. Launch Pad: LC81/23. Launch Vehicle: Proton 8K82K / 11S861-01. Model: Proton-K/DM-2M. LV Configuration: Proton-K/DM-2M 358-02. Gals Nation: Russia. Payload: Gals s/n 11L. Mass: 2,500 kg (5,500 lb). Class: Communications. Spacecraft: Gals . Agency: MOM. Perigee: 36,121 km (22,444 mi). Apogee: 36,121 km (22,444 mi). Inclination: 0.10 deg. Period: 1,453.00 min. COSPAR: 1994-002A. USAF Sat Cat: 22963. Direct broadcasting satellite (new generation of satellites) intended for development of the Russian television system and international cooperation. Also tested SPT-100 plasma engine. Positioned in geosynchronous orbit at 71 deg E in 1994-1996; 36 deg E in 1996-1999; 42 deg E in 2000. As of 5 September 2001 located at 37.30 deg E drifting at 0.121 deg W per day. As of 2007 Mar 10 located at 67.44E drifting at 0.298E degrees per day.References: 1, 2, 5, 6, 67, 274. 1994 January 24 - 21:37 GMT - Launch Site: Kourou. Launch Complex: ELA2. Launch Pad: ELA2. Launch Vehicle: Ariane 44LP. Model: Ariane 44LP. LV Configuration: Ariane 44LP V63. FAILURE: Stage 3 turbopump overheated. Eutelsat II F5 Nation: Europe. Program: Eutelsat. Mass: 1,880 kg (4,140 lb). Class: Communications. Spacecraft: Spacebus 100. Agency: Eutelsat. COSPAR: F940124A. Decay Date: 1994-01-24. Launched with Turksat 1. References: 5. Turksat 1A Nation: Turkey. Program: Turksat. Payload: Turksat 1A. Spacecraft: Spacebus 2000. Agency: Arianespace. COSPAR: F940124B. References: 279. 1994 January 25 - 00:25 GMT - Launch Site: Plesetsk. Launch Complex: LC32. Launch Pad: LC32. Launch Vehicle: Tsyklon 3. Model: Tsiklon-3. Meteor 3-06 Nation: Russia. Payload: Meteor-3 s/n 7. Mass: 2,150 kg (4,730 lb). Class: Earth. Type: Weather. Spacecraft: Meteor-3. Agency: RKA. Perigee: 1,191 km (740 mi). Apogee: 1,228 km (763 mi). Inclination: 82.00 deg. Period: 109.40 min. COSPAR: 1994-003A. USAF Sat Cat: 22969. Obtained meterological and solar-terrestrial data. Meteor 3-6 was inserted into an orbital plane 60 degrees to the west of Meteor 3-5's plane and ejected the small German satellite Tubsat B on the second orbit. Meteor 3-6 also carried an integrated French radiometer called SCARAB (Scanner for Radiation Budget) and a German PRARE (Precision Range and Range Rate Experiment) geodetic instrument. The French radiometer was designed to study the Earth's radiation budget over an extended period of time and to measure the effect of clouds on the greenhouse phenomenon. A second SCARAB instrument was manifested on a Meteor spacecraft that was to be launched in 1996, but this did not come to pass. The German PRARE was similar to the instrument carried on ESA's ERS· 1 satellite.References: 1, 2, 5, 6, 115. Tubsat-B Nation: Germany. Program: Tubsat. Mass: 40 kg (88 lb). Class: Technology. Spacecraft: Tubsat. Agency: TUB. Perigee: 1,184 km (735 mi). Apogee: 1,210 km (750 mi). Inclination: 82.60 deg. Period: 109.40 min. COSPAR: 1994-003B. USAF Sat Cat: 22970. Following the success of the magnetic torque attitude control system that flew on Tubsat-A, researchers and students at Germany's Technical University of Berlin constructed Tubsat-B to test and demonstrate attitude control with a star sensor and three reaction wheels. An on-board 1m telescope was used for astronomy and for Earth observation at 10m resolution. Dimensions of the satellite were 38x38x50 cm, mass 40 kg. Unfortunately communications with the satellite were lost after 39 DaysReferences: 1, 2, 5, 6, 276. 1994 January 25 - 16:34 GMT - Launch Site: Vandenberg. Launch Complex: SLC4. Launch Pad: SLC4W. Launch Vehicle: Titan 2. Model: Titan II SLV. LV Configuration: Titan 2 s/n M68B-67 + M68B-89 = 23G-11. Clementine 1 Nation: USA. Payload: Clementine 1 / DSPSE-ISA [Star-37FM]. Mass: 424 kg (934 lb). Class: Planetary. Type: Lunar. Spacecraft: Clementine. Agency: BMDO. Perigee: 804 km (499 mi). Apogee: 409,890 km (254,690 mi). Inclination: 63.80 deg. Period: 16,158.80 min. COSPAR: 1994-004A. USAF Sat Cat: 22973. SDIO sensor technology demonstration; mapped lunar surface; planned asteroid flyby cancelled due to spacecraft failure. After two Earth flybys, lunar insertion was achieved on February 21. Lunar mapping took place over approximately two months, in two parts. The first part consisted of a 5 hour elliptical polar orbit with a perilune of about 400 km at 28 degrees S latitude. After one month of mapping the orbit was rotated to a perilune of 29 degrees N latitude, where it remained for one more month. This allowed global imaging as well as altimetry coverage from 60 degrees S to 60 degrees N. After leaving lunar orbit, a malfunction in one of the on-board computers on May 7 at 14:39 UTC (9:39 AM EST) caused a thruster to fire until it had used up all of its fuel, leaving the spacecraft spinning at about 80 RPM with no spin control. This made the planned continuation of the mission, a flyby of the near-Earth asteroid Geographos, impossible. The spacecraft remained in geocentric orbit and continued testing the spacecraft components until the end of mission.Additional Details: Clementine 1(4489). References: 1, 2, 5, 6, 296. ISA Nation: USA. Payload: ISA. Agency: BMDO. Perigee: 396 km (246 mi). Apogee: 126,958 km (78,887 mi). Inclination: 65.80 deg. Period: 3,075.57 min. COSPAR: 1994-004C. USAF Sat Cat: 22987. Decay Date: 1994-06-08. References: 279. 1994 January 28 - 02:12 GMT - Launch Site: Baikonur. Launch Complex: LC1. Launch Pad: LC1. Launch Vehicle: Soyuz 11A511U. Model: Soyuz 11A511U. LV Configuration: Soyuz 11A511U N15000-635. Progress M-21 Nation: Russia. Program: Mir. Payload: Progress M s/n 221. Mass: 7,130 kg (15,710 lb). Class: Manned. Type: Logistics. Spacecraft: Progress M. Agency: MOM. Perigee: 194 km (120 mi). Apogee: 236 km (146 mi). Inclination: 51.60 deg. Period: 88.50 min. COSPAR: 1994-005A. USAF Sat Cat: 22975. Duration: 54.13 days. Completed Operations Date: 1994-03-21 05:24:50. Decay Date: 1994-03-21 05:24:50. Flight: Mir EO-15, Mir LD-4. Unmanned resupply vessel to Mir. Docked with Mir on 30 Jan 1994 03:56:13 GMT. Undocked on 23 Mar 1994 01:20:29 GMT. Destroyed in reentry on 23 Mar 1994 05:13:00 GMT. Total free-flight time 2.23 days. Total docked time 51.89 days. References: 1, 2, 6, 275. 1994 January 30 - 22:00 GMT - Launch Site: Poker Flat. Launch Vehicle: Black Brant. Model: Black Brant 8C. LV Configuration: Black Brant 8C NASA 27.137UE. Black Brant Plasma mission Nation: USA. Agency: NASA. Apogee: 340 km (210 mi). References: 931. 1994 February 2 - Launch Site: Vandenberg. Launch Complex: LF26. Launch Vehicle: Minuteman 3. Minuteman 3 FOT GT154GB Follow-on Test launch Nation: USA. Agency: USAF AFSPC. Apogee: 1,300 km (800 mi). References: 916. 1994 February 3 - 12:10 GMT - Launch Site: Cape Canaveral. Launch Complex: LC39. Launch Pad: LC39A. Launch Vehicle: Shuttle. Model: Space Shuttle. LV Configuration: Space Shuttle STS-60. STS-60 Nation: USA. Program: STS. Payload: Discovery F18 / GBA-6. Mass: 13,006 kg (28,673 lb). Class: Manned. Type: Spaceplane. Spacecraft: Discovery. Agency: NASA JSC. Perigee: 348 km (216 mi). Apogee: 351 km (218 mi). Inclination: 56.40 deg. Period: 91.50 min. COSPAR: 1994-006A. USAF Sat Cat: 22977. Duration: 8.30 days. Decay Date: 1994-02-28. Crew: Bolden, Chang-Diaz, Davis, Krikalyov, Reightler, Sega. Flight: STS-60. Deployed ODERACS A-F, Bremsat, carried Wake Shield Facility. Payloads: Wake Shield Facility (WSF) 1 and SPACEHAB 02. Getaway special bridge assembly experiments: Capillary Pumped Loop (CAPL), Orbital Debris Radar Calibration Spheres (ODERACS), University of Bremen Satellite (BREMSAT), G-514, G-071, and G-536. Shuttle Amateur Radio Experiment (SAREX) II; Auroral Photography Experiment (APE-B).References: 1, 2, 5, 6, 7. ODERACS A Nation: USA. Payload: Discovery F18 / WSF 1 / BremSat 1 / ODERACS A, ... Mass: 4.00 kg (8.80 lb). Class: Calibration. Spacecraft: ODERACS. Agency: NASA JSC. Perigee: 327 km (203 mi). Apogee: 352 km (218 mi). Inclination: 57.00 deg. Period: 91.30 min. COSPAR: 1994-006B. USAF Sat Cat: 22990. Decay Date: 1994-10-02. Orbital Debris Radar Calibration Sphere; deployed from STS-60. Space craft engaged in investigation of spaceflight techniques and technology (US Cat A). References: 1, 2, 5, 6. ODERACS B Nation: USA. Payload: Discovery F18 / WSF 1 / BremSat 1 / ODERACS A, ... Mass: 4.00 kg (8.80 lb). Class: Calibration. Spacecraft: ODERACS. Agency: NASA JSC. Perigee: 332 km (206 mi). Apogee: 352 km (218 mi). Inclination: 57.00 deg. Period: 91.40 min. COSPAR: 1994-006C. USAF Sat Cat: 22991. Decay Date: 1994-10-04. Orbital Debris Radar Calibration Sphere; deployed from STS-60. Space craft engaged in investigation of spaceflight techniques and technology (US Cat A). References: 1, 2, 5, 6. ODERACS C Nation: USA. Payload: Discovery F18 / WSF 1 / BremSat 1 / ODERACS A, ... Mass: 1.00 kg (2.20 lb). Class: Calibration. Spacecraft: ODERACS. Agency: NASA JSC. Perigee: 329 km (204 mi). Apogee: 353 km (219 mi). Inclination: 56.90 deg. Period: 91.35 min. COSPAR: 1994-006D. USAF Sat Cat: 22992. Decay Date: 1994-12-31. Orbital Debris Radar Calibration Sphere; deployed from STS-60. References: 1, 2, 5, 6. ODERACS D Nation: USA. Payload: Discovery F18 / WSF 1 / BremSat 1 / ODERACS A, ... Mass: 1.00 kg (2.20 lb). Class: Calibration. Spacecraft: ODERACS. Agency: NASA JSC. Perigee: 329 km (204 mi). Apogee: 353 km (219 mi). Inclination: 56.90 deg. Period: 91.35 min. COSPAR: 1994-006E. USAF Sat Cat: 22993. Decay Date: 1994-12-31. Orbital Debris Radar Calibration Sphere; deployed from STS-60. References: 1, 2, 5, 6. ODERACS E Nation: USA. Payload: Discovery F18 / WSF 1 / BremSat 1 / ODERACS A, ... Mass: 5.00 kg (11.00 lb). Class: Calibration. Spacecraft: ODERACS. Agency: NASA JSC. Perigee: 337 km (209 mi). Apogee: 356 km (221 mi). Inclination: 57.00 deg. Period: 91.50 min. COSPAR: 1994-006F. USAF Sat Cat: 22994. Decay Date: 1995-03-03. Orbital Debris Radar Calibration Sphere; deployed from STS-60. Space craft engaged in investigation of spaceflight techniques and technology (US Cat A). References: 1, 2, 5, 6. ODERACS F Nation: USA. Payload: Discovery F18 / WSF 1 / BremSat 1 / ODERACS A, ... Mass: 5.00 kg (11.00 lb). Class: Calibration. Spacecraft: ODERACS. Agency: NASA JSC. Perigee: 338 km (210 mi). Apogee: 356 km (221 mi). Inclination: 57.00 deg. Period: 91.50 min. COSPAR: 1994-006G. USAF Sat Cat: 22995. Decay Date: 1995-02-24. Orbital Debris Radar Calibration Sphere; deployed from STS-60. Space craft engaged in investigation of spaceflight techniques and technology (US Cat A). References: 1, 2, 5, 6. BremSat 1 Nation: Germany. Payload: Discovery F18 / WSF 1 / BremSat 1 / ODERACS A, ... Mass: 63 kg (138 lb). Class: Technology. Type: RV. Spacecraft: BremSat. Agency: DARA/Bre. Perigee: 156 km (96 mi). Apogee: 160 km (90 mi). Inclination: 57.00 deg. Period: 87.70 min. COSPAR: 1994-006H. USAF Sat Cat: 22998. Decay Date: 1995-02-12. Atomic oxygen, dust particle, microgravity, reentry experiments. References: 1, 2, 5, 6, 276. Spacehab SH-02 Nation: USA. Program: STS. Payload: Spacehab 2. Class: Manned. Type: Spacelab. Spacecraft: Spacehab. Agency: NASA. COSPAR: 1994-006xx. USAF Sat Cat: 22977. Decay Date: 1994-02-11. References: 279. Wake Shield Facility Nation: USA. Program: STS. Payload: WSF. Agency: NASA. COSPAR: 1994-006xx. USAF Sat Cat: 22977. Decay Date: 1994-02-11. References: 279. GBA-6 Nation: USA. Program: STS. Agency: NASA. COSPAR: 1994-006xx. USAF Sat Cat: 22977. Decay Date: 1994-02-11. References: 279. 1994 February 3 - 22:20 GMT - Launch Site: Tanegashima. Launch Complex: Y. Launch Pad: Y. Launch Vehicle: H-2. Model: H-II. LV Configuration: H-II-1F. OREX Nation: Japan. Payload: Ryusei. Mass: 865 kg (1,906 lb). Class: Technology. Type: RV. Spacecraft: OREX. Agency: NASDA/NA. Perigee: 450 km (270 mi). Apogee: 451 km (280 mi). Inclination: 30.50 deg. Period: 93.50 min. COSPAR: 1994-007A. USAF Sat Cat: 22978. Decay Date: 1994-02-03. Orbital Reentry Experiment. Orbital Re-entry Experiment Vehicle (OREX) Ryusei. Acquisition of data related to atmospheric reentry. Launch vehicle H-II rocket test flight H-II 1F. Launching organization NASDA. Launch time 2220:00 UT. References: 1, 2, 5, 6. VEP Nation: Japan. Payload: Myojo / LAPS. Mass: 2,391 kg (5,271 lb). Class: Technology. Spacecraft: VEP. Agency: NASDA. Perigee: 449 km (278 mi). Apogee: 36,261 km (22,531 mi). Inclination: 28.60 deg. Period: 645.00 min. COSPAR: 1994-007B. USAF Sat Cat: 22979. Vehicle Evaluation Payload; monitored H-2 performance. Vehicle Evaluation Payload (VEP) MYOJO. Provides a ranging function as well as functions to measure the acceleration and deformation, in order to confirm the accuracy of the H-II rocket orbit injection and understand the environment of the payload equipme nt. Launch vehicle H-II rocket test flight H-II 1F. Launching organization NASDA. Launch time 2220:00 UT.References: 1, 2, 5, 6. 1994 February 4 - Launch Site: Vandenberg. Initial demonstration flight of the Astrid Nation: USA. Initial demonstration flight of the Astrid (Advanced Single Stage Rapid Insertion) interceptor vehicle. References: 88. 1994 February 4 - Launch Site: Vandenberg. Launch Complex: LF08. Launch Pad: LF08/Rail. Launch Vehicle: Astrid. Astrid Pumped Propulsion test mission Nation: USA. Agency: LLL. Apogee: 2.00 km (1.20 mi). References: 916. 1994 February 5 - 08:46 GMT - Launch Site: Baikonur. Launch Complex: LC81. Launch Pad: LC81/23. Launch Vehicle: Proton 8K82K / 11S861. Model: Proton-K/DM-2. LV Configuration: Proton-K/DM-2 375-02. Raduga 1-3 Nation: Russia. Payload: Raduga-1. Mass: 2,000 kg (4,400 lb). Class: Communications. Spacecraft: Raduga-1. Agency: MOM. Perigee: 36,513 km (22,688 mi). Apogee: 36,513 km (22,688 mi). Inclination: 1.40 deg. Period: 1,473.00 min. COSPAR: 1994-008A. USAF Sat Cat: 22981. Joined Raduga 1-2 at 48 deg E; third launch of alternate Raduga design. Extension of the telephone and telegraph radio communications system on the territory of the Russian Federation. Positioned in geosynchronous orbit at 49 deg E in 1994-1999 As of 1 September 2001 located at 49.75 deg E drifting at 0.057 deg W per day. As of 2007 Mar 10 located at 100.54E drifting at 0.021W degrees per day.References: 1, 2, 5, 6, 67, 274. 1994 February 7 - Air Force Space Command launches the first Milstar satellite, a new generation military satellite communications system. Nation: USA. References: 569. 1994 February 7 - 21:47 GMT - Launch Site: Cape Canaveral. Launch Complex: LC40. Launch Pad: LC40. Launch Vehicle: Titan 4. Model: Titan 401A/Centaur. LV Configuration: Titan 401A/Centaur K-10 (45E-3). USA 99 Nation: USA. Payload: Milstar 1-01 / DFS 1. Mass: 4,500 kg (9,900 lb). Class: Communications. Type: Military. Spacecraft: Milstar. Agency: USAF. Perigee: 35,733 km (22,203 mi). Apogee: 35,790 km (22,230 mi). Inclination: 12.00 deg. Period: 1,434.00 min. COSPAR: 1994-009A. USAF Sat Cat: 22988. Military communications. Positioned in geosynchronous orbit at 90 deg W in 1994; 120 deg W in 1995-1999. References: 1, 2, 5, 6. 1994 February 8 - 08:34 GMT - Launch Site: Xichang. Launch Complex: LC2. Launch Pad: LC2. Launch Vehicle: CZ-3A. Model: Chang Zheng 3A. LV Configuration: Chang Zheng 3A CZ3A-1 (32). SJ-4 Nation: China. Payload: Shi Jian 4. Mass: 400 kg (880 lb). Class: Earth. Type: Magnetosphere. Spacecraft: SJ. Agency: CASC. Perigee: 195 km (121 mi). Apogee: 26,837 km (16,675 mi). Inclination: 28.70 deg. Period: 465.40 min. COSPAR: 1994-010A. USAF Sat Cat: 22996. Particles and fields research. References: 1, 2, 5, 6, 276. KF-1 Nation: China. Program: Chinastar. Payload: Kua Fu 1 / DFH-3 mockup. Mass: 2,200 kg (4,800 lb). Class: Technology. Spacecraft: DFH-3. Agency: CASC. Perigee: 178 km (110 mi). Apogee: 36,046 km (22,397 mi). Inclination: 28.50 deg. Period: 635.69 min. COSPAR: 1994-010B. USAF Sat Cat: 23009. Decay Date: 2002-02-07. Mass model of DFH-3 satellite. References: 279. 1994 February 9 - 23:43 GMT - Launch Site: Andoya. Launch Vehicle: Black Brant. Model: Black Brant IX. LV Configuration: Black Brant IX NASA 36.110IE. Black Brant PULSAUR-2 (F-92) Plasma mission Nation: USA. Agency: NASA. Apogee: 300 km (180 mi). References: 1089. 1994 February 10 - 05:35 GMT - Launch Site: White Sands. Launch Vehicle: Black Brant. Model: Black Brant 9CM1. LV Configuration: Black Brant 9CM1 NASA 36.097IE. Black Brant GEMINI Plasma/Aeronomy mission Nation: Canada. Agency: NASA/CSA. Apogee: 245 km (152 mi). References: 1089. 1994 February 11 - Landing of STS-60 Nation: USA. Flight: STS-60. STS-60 landed at 19:24 GMT. 1994 February 12 - 08:54 GMT - Launch Site: Plesetsk. Launch Complex: LC32. Launch Pad: LC32. Launch Vehicle: Tsyklon 3. Model: Tsiklon-3. Cosmos 2268 Nation: Russia. Program: Strela. Payload: Strela-3 no. 93. Mass: 220 kg (480 lb). Class: Communications. Type: Military Store-dump. Spacecraft: Strela-3. Agency: MO RF. Perigee: 1,420 km (880 mi). Apogee: 1,441 km (895 mi). Inclination: 82.60 deg. Period: 114.30 min. COSPAR: 1994-011A. USAF Sat Cat: 22999. Six satellites launched by a single carrier rocket. The space objects served the Ministry of Defence of the Russian Federation. References: 1, 2, 5, 6, 105. Cosmos 2269 Nation: Russia. Program: Strela. Payload: Strela-3 no. 94. Mass: 220 kg (480 lb). Class: Communications. Type: Military Store-dump. Spacecraft: Strela-3. Agency: MO RF. Perigee: 1,420 km (880 mi). Apogee: 1,441 km (895 mi). Inclination: 82.60 deg. Period: 114.30 min. COSPAR: 1994-011B. USAF Sat Cat: 23000. References: 1, 2, 5, 6, 105. Cosmos 2270 Nation: Russia. Program: Strela. Payload: Strela-3 no. 95. Mass: 220 kg (480 lb). Class: Communications. Type: Military Store-dump. Spacecraft: Strela-3. Agency: MO RF. Perigee: 1,420 km (880 mi). Apogee: 1,441 km (895 mi). Inclination: 82.60 deg. Period: 114.30 min. COSPAR: 1994-011C. USAF Sat Cat: 23001. References: 1, 2, 5, 6, 105. Cosmos 2271 Nation: Russia. Program: Strela. Payload: Strela-3 no. 96. Mass: 220 kg (480 lb). Class: Communications. Type: Military Store-dump. Spacecraft: Strela-3. Agency: MO RF. Perigee: 1,420 km (880 mi). Apogee: 1,441 km (895 mi). Inclination: 82.60 deg. Period: 114.30 min. COSPAR: 1994-011D. USAF Sat Cat: 23002. References: 1, 2, 5, 6, 105. Cosmos 2272 Nation: Russia. Program: Strela. Payload: Strela-3 no. 97. Mass: 220 kg (480 lb). Class: Communications. Type: Military Store-dump. Spacecraft: Strela-3. Agency: MO RF. Perigee: 1,420 km (880 mi). Apogee: 1,441 km (895 mi). Inclination: 82.60 deg. Period: 114.30 min. COSPAR: 1994-011E. USAF Sat Cat: 23003. References: 1, 2, 5, 6, 105. Cosmos 2273 Nation: Russia. Program: Strela. Payload: Strela-3 no. 98. Mass: 220 kg (480 lb). Class: Communications. Type: Military Store-dump. Spacecraft: Strela-3. Agency: MO RF. Perigee: 1,420 km (880 mi). Apogee: 1,441 km (895 mi). Inclination: 82.60 deg. Period: 114.30 min. COSPAR: 1994-011F. USAF Sat Cat: 23004. References: 1, 2, 5, 6, 105. 1994 February 12 - 13:08 GMT - Launch Site: Poker Flat. Launch Vehicle: Nike Tomahawk. LV Configuration: Nike Tomahawk NASA 18.233UE. Nike Tomahawk Plasma mission Nation: USA. Agency: NASA. Apogee: 270 km (160 mi). References: 931. 1994 February 12 - 13:12 GMT - Launch Site: Poker Flat. Launch Vehicle: Nike Tomahawk. LV Configuration: Nike Tomahawk NASA 18.232UE. Nike Tomahawk Plasma mission Nation: USA. Agency: NASA. Apogee: 270 km (160 mi). References: 931. 1994 February 12 - 13:16 GMT - Launch Site: Poker Flat. Launch Vehicle: Black Brant. Model: Black Brant 8C. LV Configuration: Black Brant 8C NASA 27.131CE. Black Brant Plasma mission Nation: USA. Agency: NASA. Apogee: 242 km (150 mi). References: 931. 1994 February 15 - 16:18 GMT - Launch Site: White Sands. Launch Complex: SULF. Launch Vehicle: Storm. Storm BTTV-7 ERINT GTF-3 Target mission Nation: USA. Agency: USA. Apogee: 200 km (120 mi). References: 1836. 1994 February 15 - 23:52 GMT - Launch Site: Andoya. Launch Vehicle: S-310. LV Configuration: S-310 S-310-22. S-310 Aeronomy mission Nation: Japan. Agency: ISAS. Apogee: 192 km (119 mi). References: 1559. 1994 February 18 - 07:56 GMT - Launch Site: Baikonur. Launch Complex: LC81. Launch Pad: LC81/23. Launch Vehicle: Proton 8K82K / 11S861. Model: Proton-K/DM-2. LV Configuration: Proton-K/DM-2 376-02. Raduga 31 Nation: Russia. Payload: Raduga s/n 40L. Mass: 1,965 kg (4,332 lb). Class: Communications. Type: Military. Spacecraft: Raduga . Agency: MOM. Perigee: 36,483 km (22,669 mi). Apogee: 36,483 km (22,669 mi). Inclination: 1.50 deg. Period: 1,472.00 min. COSPAR: 1994-012A. USAF Sat Cat: 23010. Completed Operations Date: 1995-05-01. Stationed at 44 deg E; replaced Raduga 24. Operation of telephone and telegraph radio communications and transmission of television programmes. Positioned in geosynchronous orbit at 45 deg E in 1994-1995 As of 29 August 2001 located at 65.21 deg E drifting at 0.236 deg W per day. As of 2007 Mar 10 located at 81.01E drifting at 0.234E degrees per day.References: 1, 2, 5, 6, 67, 274. 1994 February 19 - 12:13 GMT - Launch Site: Balasore. Launch Vehicle: Agni. LV Configuration: Agni 04. Agni Test mission Nation: India. Agency: IDRDL. Apogee: 300 km (180 mi). References: 739. 1994 February 19 - 23:45 GMT - Launch Site: Cape Canaveral. Launch Complex: LC17. Launch Pad: LC17B. Launch Vehicle: Delta 7000. Model: Delta 7925-8. LV Configuration: Delta 7925-8 D225. Galaxy 1R Nation: USA. Program: Galaxy. Payload: Galaxy 1RR. Mass: 1,391 kg (3,066 lb). Class: Communications. Spacecraft: HS 376. Agency: HCI. Perigee: 35,774 km (22,228 mi). Apogee: 35,797 km (22,243 mi). Inclination: 0.00 deg. Period: 1,436.10 min. COSPAR: 1994-013A. USAF Sat Cat: 23016. Stationed at 133 deg W; replaced Galaxy 1. Space craft engaged in investigation of spaceflight techniques and technology (US Cat A). Positioned in geosynchronous orbit at 133 deg W in 1994-1999 As of 5 September 2001 located at 132.97 deg W drifting at 0.005 deg E per day. As of 2007 Mar 9 located at 88.88W drifting at 3.795W degrees per day.References: 1, 2, 5, 6. 1994 February 20 - Clementine, Moon Orbit Insertion Spacecraft: Clementine. 1994 March 1 - Launch Site: Biscarosse. Launch Vehicle: Black Brant. Model: Black Brant 9CM1. Black Brant NOIR Aeronomy mission? Nation: France. Agency: MATRA. Apogee: 300 km (180 mi). References: 790. 1994 March 2 - 03:25 GMT - Launch Site: Plesetsk. Launch Complex: LC32. Launch Pad: LC32/1. Launch Vehicle: Tsyklon 3. Model: Tsiklon-3. Intercosmos 26 Nation: Russia. Program: Intercosmos. Payload: AUOS-SM-KI-IK. Mass: 2,160 kg (4,760 lb). Class: Technology. Spacecraft: AUOS. Manufacturer: NPO Yuzhnoye. Agency: RKA. Perigee: 501 km (311 mi). Apogee: 541 km (336 mi). Inclination: 82.50 deg. Period: 94.70 min. COSPAR: 1994-014A. USAF Sat Cat: 23019. Decay Date: 2001-03-04. Solar and space physics. Conduct of comprehensive investigations of the sun under the Koronas-I international project developed by Russian and Ukranian experimts in cooperation with specialists from Poland, the Czech Republic, the Slovak Republic, Bulgaria, France, and the United Kingdom.References: 1, 2, 5, 6, 116. 1994 March 4 - 13:53 GMT - Launch Site: Cape Canaveral. Launch Complex: LC39. Launch Pad: LC39B. Launch Vehicle: Shuttle. Model: Space Shuttle. LV Configuration: Space Shuttle STS-62. STS-62 Nation: USA. Program: STS. Payload: Columbia F16 / USMP-2 / OAST-2. Mass: 8,870 kg (19,550 lb). Class: Manned. Type: Spaceplane. Spacecraft: Columbia. Agency: NASA JSC. Perigee: 246 km (152 mi). Apogee: 309 km (192 mi). Inclination: 39.00 deg. Period: 90.40 min. COSPAR: 1994-015A. USAF Sat Cat: 23025. Duration: 13.97 days. Decay Date: 1994-03-31. Crew: Allen Andy, Casper, Gemar, Ivins, Thuot. Flight: STS-62. Carried USMP-2, OAST-2, SAMPIE, TES, EISG. Payloads: United States Microgravity Payload (USMP) 2, Office of Aeronautics and Space Technology (OAST) 2, Dexterous End Effector (DEE), Shuttle Solar Backscatter Ultraviolet/A (SSBUV/A), Limited-Duration Space Environment Candidate Material Exposure (LDCE), Advanced Protein Crystal Growth (APCG), Physiological Systems Experiment (PSE), Commercial Protein Crystal Growth (CPCG), Commercial Generic Bioprocessing Apparatus (CGBA), Auroral Photography Experiment Phase B (APE-B), Middeck Zero-Gravity Dynamics Experiment (MODE), Air Force Maui Optical Site (AMOS) Calibration Test, Bioreactor Demonstration System A.References: 1, 2, 5, 6, 7. OAST-2 Nation: USA. Program: STS. Agency: NASA. COSPAR: 1994-015xx. USAF Sat Cat: 23025. Decay Date: 1994-03-18. References: 279. EDO Nation: USA. Program: STS. Agency: NASA. COSPAR: 1994-015xx. USAF Sat Cat: 23025. Decay Date: 1994-03-18. References: 279. USMP-2 Aft Nation: USA. Program: STS. Agency: NASA. COSPAR: 1994-015xx. USAF Sat Cat: 23025. Decay Date: 1994-03-18. References: 279. USMP-2 Fwd Nation: USA. Program: STS. Agency: NASA. COSPAR: 1994-015xx. USAF Sat Cat: 23025. Decay Date: 1994-03-18. References: 279. 1994 March 6 - 08:21 GMT - Launch Site: Poker Flat. Launch Vehicle: Black Brant. Model: Black Brant XII. LV Configuration: Black Brant XII NASA 40.05UE. Black Brant Auroral Turbulence 1 Ionosphere mission Nation: USA. Agency: NASA. Apogee: 455 km (282 mi). References: 1922. 1994 March 7 - 09:11 GMT - Launch Site: Poker Flat. Launch Vehicle: Nike Orion. LV Configuration: Nike Orion NASA 31.071UE. FAILURE: Failure. Nike Orion Plasma mission Nation: USA. Agency: NASA. Apogee: 140 km (80 mi). References: 931. 1994 Mar 8 0350? - 03:50 GMT - Launch Site: Vandenberg. Launch Complex: LF05. Launch Vehicle: Peacekeeper. LV Configuration: Peacekeeper 14PA. Peacekeeper Operational Test mission Nation: USA. Agency: USAF AFSPC. Apogee: 1,000 km (600 mi). References: 1812. 1994 March 10 - 03:40 GMT - Launch Site: Cape Canaveral. Launch Complex: LC17. Launch Pad: LC17A. Launch Vehicle: Delta 7000. Model: Delta 7925. LV Configuration: Delta 7925 D226. USA 100 Nation: USA. Program: Navstar. Payload: GPS 2A-24 / GPS SVN 36. Mass: 1,816 kg (4,003 lb). Class: Navigation. Spacecraft: GPS Block 2 and 2A. Agency: USAF. Perigee: 20,000 km (12,000 mi). Apogee: 20,366 km (12,654 mi). Inclination: 53.90 deg. Period: 718.00 min. COSPAR: 1994-016A. USAF Sat Cat: 23027. Final element of initial GPS constellation. Placed in Plane C Slot 1. References: 1, 2, 5, 6. SEDS 2 Deployer Nation: USA. Program: Navstar. Payload: SEDS 2 Deployer. Spacecraft: SEDS. Agency: MDAC. Perigee: 340 km (210 mi). Apogee: 341 km (211 mi). Inclination: 32.30 deg. Period: 91.34 min. COSPAR: 1994-016B. USAF Sat Cat: 23028. Decay Date: 1994-05-08. References: 279. SEDS 2 Nation: USA. Program: Navstar. Payload: SEDS 2 End Mass. Spacecraft: SEDS. Agency: MDSSC. COSPAR: 1994-016xx. References: 279. 1994 March 11 - 06:50 GMT - Launch Site: Poker Flat. Launch Vehicle: Black Brant. Model: Black Brant IX. LV Configuration: Black Brant IX NASA 36.114DE. Black Brant Plasma mission Nation: USA. Agency: NASA. Apogee: 308 km (191 mi). References: 931. 1994 March 13 - Launch Site: Vandenberg. First launch of the Taurus space booster. Nation: USA. References: 88. 1994 March 13 - 22:32 GMT - Launch Site: Vandenberg. Launch Complex: 576. Launch Pad: 576E. Launch Vehicle: Taurus. Model: ARPA Taurus. LV Configuration: ARPA Taurus T1 1110. USA 101 Nation: USA. Program: STEP. Payload: STEP-0 / STEP M0. Mass: 502 kg (1,106 lb). Class: Military. Type: SDI. Spacecraft: TAOS. Agency: USAF. Perigee: 555 km (344 mi). Apogee: 561 km (348 mi). Inclination: 105.00 deg. Period: 95.80 min. COSPAR: 1994-017A. USAF Sat Cat: 23030. Space Test Experiment Program; 10 satellite subsystem experiments. Space craft engaged in investigation of spaceflight techniques and technology (US Cat A). References: 1, 2, 5, 6. USA 102 Nation: USA. Payload: DarpaSat. Mass: 203 kg (447 lb). Class: Technology. Spacecraft: DARPASAT. Agency: DARPA. Perigee: 532 km (330 mi). Apogee: 556 km (345 mi). Inclination: 105.00 deg. Period: 95.50 min. COSPAR: 1994-017B. USAF Sat Cat: 23031. GPS receiver and data processor technology tests. Spacecraft engaged in research and exploration of the upper atmosphere or outer space (US Cat B). References: 1, 2, 5, 6. 1994 March 17 - 16:30 GMT - Launch Site: Plesetsk. Launch Complex: LC43. Launch Pad: LC43/4?. Launch Vehicle: Soyuz 11A511U. Model: Soyuz 11A511U. Cosmos 2274 Nation: Russia. Mass: 6,600 kg (14,500 lb). Class: Surveillance. Type: Military. Spacecraft: Yantar-4K1. Agency: MOM. Perigee: 176 km (109 mi). Apogee: 372 km (231 mi). Inclination: 67.00 deg. Period: 89.70 min. COSPAR: 1994-018A. USAF Sat Cat: 23033. Duration: 65.00 days. Decay Date: 1994-05-21. This space object is intended for assignments on behalf of the Ministry of Defense of the Russian Federation. High resolution photo reconnaissance; returned film in two small SpK capsules during the mission and with the main capsule at completion of the mission.References: 1, 2, 6, 179. 1994 March 18 - Landing of STS-62 Nation: USA. Program: STS. Flight: STS-62. STS-62 landed at 13:10 GMT. 1994 March 21 - Teledesic cellular satellite system anounced by Gates/McCaw. Nation: USA. Spacecraft: Teledesic. Cost was estimated at $ 9 billion for 840 Ka band low earth orbit satellites. 1994 March 22 - 04:54 GMT - Launch Site: Baikonur. Launch Complex: LC1. Launch Pad: LC1. Launch Vehicle: Soyuz 11A511U. Model: Soyuz 11A511U. LV Configuration: Soyuz 11A511U 76032992. Progress M-22 Nation: Russia. Program: Mir. Payload: Progress M s/n 222. Mass: 7,103 kg (15,659 lb). Class: Manned. Type: Logistics. Spacecraft: Progress M. Agency: MOM. Perigee: 260 km (160 mi). Apogee: 335 km (208 mi). Inclination: 51.70 deg. Period: 90.20 min. COSPAR: 1994-019A. USAF Sat Cat: 23035. Duration: 61.99 days. Completed Operations Date: 1994-05-23 04:48:12. Decay Date: 1994-05-23 04:48:12. Flight: Mir EO-15, Mir LD-4. Unmanned resupply vessel to Mir. Launched into an initial 192 x 238 x 51.6 km orbit. Docked with Mir on 24 Mar 1994 06:39:37 GMT. Fired its engine around 15 May to raise the orbit of the Mir station from 381 x 400 km to 398 x 399 km. Undocked on 23 May 1994 00:58:38 GMT. Destroyed in reentry on 23 May 1994 04:40:00 GMT. Total free-flight time 2.23 days. Total docked time 59.76 days.References: 1, 2, 6, 275. 1994 March 28 - Launch Site: Cape Canaveral. Launch Complex: ETR. Launch Pad: SLBM Launch Area. Launch Vehicle: Trident C-4. LV Configuration: Trident C-4 FCET-44. Trident C-4 Operational Test mission Nation: USA. Agency: USN. Apogee: 1,000 km (600 mi). References: 796. 1994 March 28 - Launch Site: Cape Canaveral. Launch Complex: ETR. Launch Pad: SLBM Launch Area. Launch Vehicle: Trident C-4. LV Configuration: Trident C-4 FCET-44. Trident C-4 Operational Test mission Nation: USA. Agency: USN. Apogee: 1,000 km (600 mi). References: 796. 1994 March 28 - Launch Site: Cape Canaveral. Launch Complex: ETR. Launch Pad: SLBM Launch Area. Launch Vehicle: Trident C-4. LV Configuration: Trident C-4 FCET-44. Trident C-4 Operational Test mission Nation: USA. Agency: USN. Apogee: 1,000 km (600 mi). References: 796. 1994 March 28 - Launch Site: Cape Canaveral. Launch Complex: ETR. Launch Pad: SLBM Launch Area. Launch Vehicle: Trident C-4. LV Configuration: Trident C-4 FCET-44. Trident C-4 Operational Test mission Nation: USA. Agency: USN. Apogee: 1,000 km (600 mi). References: 796. Previous Home Next                   Contact us with any corrections, additions, or comments. Conditions for use of drawings, pictures, or other materials from this site.. To contact astronauts or cosmonauts. © Mark Wade, 1997 - 2007 except where otherwise noted.

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