Chronology - Quarter 4 1999

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1999 October 1 - Launch Vehicle: R-29. Model: Volna.
  • R-29 Operational Test mission Nation: Russia. Agency: VMF RF. Apogee: 1,000 km (600 mi). Launched from Okhotsk Launch Area, Okhotskoye More - Latitude: 57.00 N - Longitude: 148.00 E. References: 1964.
1999 October 1 - 08:42 GMT - Launch Site: Plesetsk. Launch Complex: LC158. Launch Vehicle: Topol. Model: Topol'. LV Configuration: Topol' 57.
  • Topol Test mission Nation: Russia. Agency: RVSN. Apogee: 1,000 km (600 mi). References: 1964.
1999 October 2 -
  • U.S. conducts missile defense system test over Pacific Nation: USA.
1999 October 2 - Launch Vehicle: R-29. Model: Volna.
  • R-29 Operational Test mission Nation: Russia. Agency: VMF RF. Apogee: 1,000 km (600 mi). Launched from Okhotsk Launch Area, Okhotskoye More - Latitude: 57.00 N - Longitude: 148.00 E. References: 1964.
1999 October 3 - 02:01 GMT - Launch Site: Vandenberg. Launch Complex: LF03. Launch Vehicle: Minuteman 2. LV Configuration: Minuteman 2 MSLS IFT-3.
  • Minuteman 2 MSLS IFT-3 Target mission Nation: USA. Agency: USAF AFSPC. Apogee: 1,600 km (900 mi). The only decoy used in IFT-3 was the large balloon from IFT-1A and IFT-2. It had an IR signature six times higher than that of the mock warhead. Because the decoy was so much brighter than the mock warhead, the EKV saw it first. Once the EKV realized that the balloon’s IR signature did not match the target data loaded prior to the test, the interceptor shifted to the nearby target.References: 1786.
1999 October 3 - 02:22 GMT - Launch Site: Kwajalein. Launch Complex: Meck. Launch Vehicle: Payload Launch Vehicle. Model: Minuteman 2 PLV. LV Configuration: Minuteman 2 PLV PLV.
  • Payload Launch Vehicle IFT-3 EKV ABM Test mission Nation: USA. Agency: USA SSDC. Apogee: 230 km (140 mi). EKV anti-ballistic missile interceptor launched from Kwajalein Atoll by a two-stage PLV. Intercept of the MSLS launched by Minuteman 2 from Vandenberg was successful. Element test of the EKV, not an end-to-end system test, which relied on a surrogate booster vehicle and range assets to define the deployment basket and deliver the EKV to that location. Once deployed, the EKV operated autonomously to intercept the mock RV. Due to a malfunctioning Inertial Measurement Unit (IMU), which normally was used to position the EKV for the intercept, a backup method of locating the target had to be exercised. The EKV called upon its step-stare capabilities (which were used only during off-nominal circumstances) to extend its field of view since the target was not where it was anticipated. After executing that procedure, the EKV acquired its target.References: 1823.
1999 October 4 -
  • First World Space Week The United Nations General Assembly declared that World Space Week would be held each year from October 4-10. These dates commemorate two events, the launch of Sputnik 1 in 1957 and the signing of the UN Space Treaty in 1967.
1999 October 7 - 12:51 GMT - Launch Site: Cape Canaveral. Launch Complex: LC17. Launch Pad: SLC17A. Launch Vehicle: Delta 7000. Model: Delta 7925-9.5. LV Configuration: Delta 7925-9.5 D275.
  • USA 145 Nation: USA. Program: Navstar. Payload: GPS 2R-3 / GPS SVN 46. Mass: 2,030 kg (4,470 lb). Class: Navigation. Spacecraft: GPS Block 2R. Manufacturer: Lockheed Martin, Valley Forge. Agency: USAF. Perigee: 20,163 km (12,528 mi). Apogee: 20,202 km (12,552 mi). Inclination: 52.60 deg. Period: 718.00 min. COSPAR: 1999-055A. USAF Sat Cat: 25933. Third GPS Block 2R satellite. SVN 46 replaced SVN 50 which had been damaged by rain on Pad 17 earlier while being prepared for launch earlier in the year. Placed in Plane D Slot 2.
1999 October 10 - 03:28 GMT - Launch Site: Kiritimati. Launch Complex: Odyssey. Launch Pad: Sea Launch Odyssey. Launch Vehicle: Zenit-3SL. Model: Zenit-3SL.
  • DirecTV 1R Nation: USA. Program: DirecTV. Class: Communications. Spacecraft: HS 601 . Manufacturer: Hughes Space and Communications, El Segundo. Agency: DirecTV. Perigee: 35,785 km (22,235 mi). Apogee: 35,787 km (22,236 mi). Inclination: 0.00 deg. COSPAR: 1999-056A. USAF Sat Cat: 25937. Second successful Zenit-3SL flight from the Odyssey launch platform in the Pacific Ocean at 154 deg W, 0 deg N. First flight to carry a commercial payload. The satellite used its R-4D apogee engine to enter geostationary orbit at 81.6 deg W. Finally stationed at 101 deg W. Positioned in geosynchronous orbit at 81 deg W in 1999. As of 5 September 2001 located at 101.19 deg W drifting at 0.004 deg W per day. As of 2007 Mar 10 located at 100.87W drifting at 0.007W degrees per day.
1999 October 13 -
  • Senate rejects 1996 nuclear test-ban treaty; international leaders scold U.S. Nation: USA.
1999 October 14 - 03:15 GMT - Launch Site: Taiyuan. Launch Complex: LC1. Launch Pad: LC1. Launch Vehicle: CZ-4B. Model: Chang Zheng 4B. LV Configuration: Chang Zheng 4B CZ4B-2 (58).
  • ZY-1 Nation: China. Payload: Zi Yuan 1. Mass: 1,540 kg (3,390 lb). Class: Earth. Type: Landsat. Spacecraft: ZY. Manufacturer: China Acad. Space Tech., Beijing. Agency: CAST/INP. Perigee: 773 km (480 mi). Apogee: 774 km (480 mi). Inclination: 98.60 deg. COSPAR: 1999-057A. USAF Sat Cat: 25940. China-Brazil Earth Resources Satellite. China's first earth resources satellite, known as ZY-1, weighed 1,540 kilograms. Chief designer was Chen Yiyuan. The satellite, a joint project of China and Brazil, was designed to gather information on the environment, agriculture and urban planning through remote sensing images and data transmitted to China, Brazil and other countries. Planned lifetime was two years. The satellite circled the Earth 14 times a day and the groundtrack repeated after 26 days. By 23 February 2000 it had taken more than 20,000 high quality images. It was formally handed over for operational use on March 2 2000. The High Resolution CCD Camera had a resolution of 20 meters in the visible spectrum. The camera could point up to 32 degrees to either side of vertical, imaging the earth's surface stereoscopically. After 177 days the Wide Field Imager failed in early May 2000. Other devices, including the high resolution CCD camera, continue to work normally.
  • SACI 1 Nation: Brazil. Class: Technology. Spacecraft: SACI. Manufacturer: Instituto Nacional de Pesquisas Espacias, Sao Jose dos Campos. Agency: INPE. Perigee: 733 km (455 mi). Apogee: 744 km (462 mi). Inclination: 98.60 deg. COSPAR: 1999-057B. USAF Sat Cat: 25941. INPE experimental scientific satellite with a magnetometer, particle detectors and an atmospheric experiment. INPE reportedly lost contact with the satellite in mid-October.
1999 October 18 - 13:22 GMT - Launch Site: Baikonur. Launch Complex: LC1. Launch Pad: LC1. Launch Vehicle: Soyuz 11A511U. Model: Soyuz 11A511U. LV Configuration: Soyuz 11A511U M15000-062 / Ikar ST05.
  • Globalstar 31 Nation: USA. Class: Communications. Spacecraft: Globalstar. Agency: Globalst. Perigee: 1,413 km (877 mi). Apogee: 1,414 km (878 mi). Inclination: 52.00 deg. Period: 114.10 min. COSPAR: 1999-058A. USAF Sat Cat: 25943. At the time of this launch Globalstar began limited service of its satellite telephone system.
  • Globalstar 56 Nation: USA. Class: Communications. Spacecraft: Globalstar. Agency: Globalst. Perigee: 1,413 km (877 mi). Apogee: 1,414 km (878 mi). Inclination: 52.00 deg. Period: 114.10 min. COSPAR: 1999-058B. USAF Sat Cat: 25944.
  • Globalstar 57 Nation: USA. Class: Communications. Spacecraft: Globalstar. Agency: Globalst. Perigee: 1,412 km (877 mi). Apogee: 1,415 km (879 mi). Inclination: 52.00 deg. Period: 114.10 min. COSPAR: 1999-058C. USAF Sat Cat: 25945.
  • Globalstar 59 Nation: USA. Class: Communications. Spacecraft: Globalstar. Agency: Globalst. Perigee: 1,413 km (877 mi). Apogee: 1,415 km (879 mi). Inclination: 52.00 deg. Period: 114.10 min. COSPAR: 1999-058D. USAF Sat Cat: 25946.
1999 October 19 - 06:22 GMT - Launch Site: Kourou. Launch Complex: ELA2. Launch Pad: ELA2. Launch Vehicle: Ariane 44LP. Model: Ariane 44LP. LV Configuration: Ariane 44LP V122.
  • Orion 2 Nation: USA. Class: Communications. Spacecraft: FS-1300. Manufacturer: Space Systems/Loral, Palo Alto. Agency: Loral Or. Perigee: 35,774 km (22,228 mi). Apogee: 35,798 km (22,243 mi). Inclination: 0.00 deg. Period: 1,436.10 min. COSPAR: 1999-059A. USAF Sat Cat: 25949. Satellite used for international communications; complement the Telstar satellites operated by Loral Skynet. Stationed at 15 deg W. Positioned in geosynchronous orbit at 15 deg W in 1999. As of 6 September 2001 located at 14.97 deg W drifting at 0.006 deg W per day. As of 2007 Mar 10 located at 14.99W drifting at 0.006W degrees per day.
1999 October 20 - Launch Site: Baikonur. Launch Complex: LC175. Launch Vehicle: UR-100N. Model: UR-100NU.
  • UR-100N Operational missile test Nation: Russia. Agency: RVSN. Apogee: 1,000 km (600 mi). References: 1192.
1999 October 22 -
  • China Plans Exploration of Moon and Mars in 21st Century Nation: China. Spacecraft: Chinese Lunar Base. A national conference of space scientists held in southern Beihai, Guangxi, said that the Moon and Mars were the 'two big targets' for the country's space programme in the 21st century. Ye Zili, the China Space Science Association's General Secretary, said that dozens of plans and proposals for the two projects had been put forward. However no substantial government funding for such projects was to be available in the immediate future.References: 424.
1999 October 27 - 16:16 GMT - Launch Site: Baikonur. Launch Complex: LC200. Launch Pad: LC200/39. Launch Vehicle: Proton 8K82K / 11S861. Model: Proton-K/DM-2. LV Configuration: Proton-K/DM-2 386-02. FAILURE: Failed early in second-stage burn.
  • Ekspress-A1 Nation: Russia. Class: Communications. Spacecraft: Ekspress. Manufacturer: NPO Prikladnoi Mekhaniki, Zhelenogorsk. Agency: AO Kosmicheskaya Svyaz, Moskva. COSPAR: F991027A. Communications satellite; failed to reach orbit.
1999 October 30 -
  • Discovery of the Los Angeles Meteorite (Mars Meteorite)
1999 November 1 - Launch Site: Sriharikota. Launch Vehicle: RH-300.
  • RH-300 EWS? Ionosphere mission Nation: India. Agency: ISRO. Apogee: 135 km (83 mi). References: 1823.
1999 Nov - Launch Site: Sary Shagan. Launch Vehicle: A-350. Model: A-350R.
  • A-350 State trials missile test Agency: PRO. Apogee: 300 km (180 mi). References: 1823.
1999 November 8 - 1999 November 10 - Launch Site: Cape Canaveral. Launch Complex: ETR. Launch Pad: SLBM Launch Area. Launch Vehicle: Trident D-5. LV Configuration: Trident D-5 FCET-22.
  • Trident D-5 (87ss) operational test launch Nation: USA. Agency: USN. Apogee: 1,000 km (600 mi). References: 798.
1999 November 10 - Launch Site: Cape Canaveral. Launch Complex: ETR. Launch Pad: SLBM Launch Area. Launch Vehicle: Trident D-5. LV Configuration: Trident D-5 FCET-22.
  • Trident D-5 Operational Test mission Nation: USA. Agency: USN. Apogee: 1,000 km (600 mi). References: 798.
1999 November 13 - 1999 November 13 - 08:20 GMT - Launch Site: Vandenberg. Launch Complex: LF26. Launch Vehicle: Minuteman 3. LV Configuration: Minuteman 3 FTM-01.
  • Minuteman 3 PRP FTM-01 Test mission Nation: USA. Agency: USAF AFSPC. Apogee: 1,300 km (800 mi). References: 1786.
1999 November 13 - 22:54 GMT - Launch Site: Kourou. Launch Complex: ELA2. Launch Pad: ELA2. Launch Vehicle: Ariane 44LP. Model: Ariane 44LP. LV Configuration: Ariane 44LP V123.
  • GE 4 Nation: USA. Program: Americom. Class: Communications. Spacecraft: AS 2100. Manufacturer: Lockheed Martin, Sunnyvale. Agency: GE Americom. Perigee: 35,780 km (22,230 mi). Apogee: 35,793 km (22,240 mi). Inclination: 0.00 deg. Period: 1,436.10 min. COSPAR: 1999-060A. USAF Sat Cat: 25954. Provided C and Ku-band communications services for GE Americom, replacing Spacenet 4. Stationed at 101 deg W. Positioned in geosynchronous orbit at 74 deg W in 1999. As of 5 September 2001 located at 101.12 deg W drifting at 0.008 deg W per day. As of 2007 Mar 11 located at 101.02W drifting at 0.004W degrees per day.
1999 November 15 - 07:29 GMT - Launch Site: Tanegashima. Launch Complex: Y. Launch Pad: Y. Launch Vehicle: H-2. Model: H-II. LV Configuration: H-II-8F. FAILURE: Failure during first stage burn.
  • MTSAT Nation: Japan. Class: Communications. Spacecraft: FS-1300. Manufacturer: Space Systems/Loral, Palo Alto. Agency: National Space Development Agency, Japan. COSPAR: F991115A. Multi-functional Transportation Satellite intended to provide communications and air traffic control for the Japanese transportation ministry and a meteorological data for the Japanese Meteorological Agency. The spacecraft had a mass of 1223 kg dry and was a follow-on to the GMS (Himawari) weather satellite series.
1999 November 17 - Launch Site: Barents Sea. Launch Vehicle: R-39. Model: Rif.
  • R-39 Test mission Nation: Russia. Agency: RVSN. Apogee: 1,000 km (600 mi). References: 1823.
1999 November 17 - Launch Site: Barents Sea. Launch Vehicle: R-39. Model: Rif.
  • R-39 Test mission Nation: Russia. Agency: RVSN. Apogee: 1,000 km (600 mi). References: 1823.
1999 November 18 - 01:55 GMT - Launch Site: Sriharikota. Launch Vehicle: RH-300 Mk II.
  • RH-300 Mk II LMS Ionosphere/Meteor mission Nation: India. Agency: ISRO. Apogee: 135 km (83 mi). References: 1677.
1999 November 19 - 22:30 GMT - Launch Site: Jiuquan. Launch Complex: SLS. Launch Pad: SLS. Launch Vehicle: CZ-2F. Model: Chang Zheng 2F. LV Configuration: Chang Zheng 2F CZ2F-1 (59).
  • Shenzhou Nation: China. Mass: 7,600 kg (16,700 lb). Class: Manned. Type: Spacecraft. Spacecraft: Shenzhou. Manufacturer: China Academy of Launch Vehicle Tech., Beijing. Agency: CASC. Perigee: 196 km (122 mi). Apogee: 324 km (202 mi). Inclination: 42.60 deg. COSPAR: 1999-061A. USAF Sat Cat: 25956. Duration: 0.88 days. Decay Date: 1999-11-20. The unmanned first test flight of a prototype of the Chinese Project 921-1 spacecraft took place 49 days after the planned date of October 1, 1999. Shenzhou separated from its launch vehicle and went into orbit about ten minutes after lift-off. The spacecraft was controlled from the new Beijing Aerospace Directing and Controlling Centre. The spacecraft did not manoeuvre during the flight. The first attempt to return the spacecraft to earth came on orbitt 12, but the retrofire command would not be accepted by the spacecraft's computer. A retry on the next orbit also failed.

    The Yuanwang-3 tracking ship off the coast of Namibia picked up the spacecraft's signal at 18:49 UT, and commanded retro-fire. This time the spacecraft accepted the command, which probably saved the entire program. The spacecraft passed out of range of the tracking ship nine minutes later. Its trajectory arced over Africa, skimmed the coast of the Arabian peninsula, and then over Pakistan, before re-entering over Tibet.

    Following re-entry, the drogue chute deployed at an altitude of 30 km with the capsules soft-landing rockets firing 1.5 m above the ground. The capsule landed at 41 deg N, 105 deg E, (415 km East of its launch pad and 110 km north-west of Wuhai, Inner Mongolia), at November 20 19:41 UT. The spacecraft had completed 14 orbits of the earth in 21 hours and 11 minutes.

    After the flight it was reported that not a single primary spacecraft system had failed, so none of the back-up systems were tested. The touchdown point was only 12 km from the predicted position. The soft landing braking rocket worked well - no damage was found to the capsule structure, heat shield or the seals. The jettisoned heat shield, parachute hatch, and drogue chute were found within 5 km of the landing point. The orbital module, which separated prior to retro-fire, continued in controlled flight until 27 November, when it decayed and reentered the atmosphere. A primary payload returned by Shenzhou were 100 kg of seeds, considered valuable to the Chinese after one day of exposure to the space environment. The Chinese space tracking fleet returned from the Shenzhou mission between 12 December 1999 and 4 January 2000. During their 259-day voyage, the four ships traveled 185,000 km and experienced some heavy seas while tracking and communicating with the Shenzhou for a total of 150 minutes.Additional Details: Shenzhou(18859).

1999 November 20 - 01:35 GMT - Launch Site: Sriharikota. Launch Vehicle: RH-300 Mk II.
  • RH-300 Mk II LMS Ionosphere/Meteor mission Nation: India. Agency: ISRO. Apogee: 135 km (83 mi). References: 1677.
1999 November 22 - 16:20 GMT - Launch Site: Baikonur. Launch Complex: LC1. Launch Pad: LC1. Launch Vehicle: Soyuz 11A511U. Model: Soyuz 11A511U. LV Configuration: Soyuz 11A511U / Ikar ST06.
  • Globalstar 29 Nation: USA. Class: Communications. Spacecraft: Globalstar. Agency: Globalst. Perigee: 1,413 km (877 mi). Apogee: 1,414 km (878 mi). Inclination: 52.00 deg. Period: 114.10 min. COSPAR: 1999-062A. USAF Sat Cat: 25961. Additional launches into Globalstar communications satellite constellation.
  • Globalstar 34 Nation: USA. Class: Communications. Spacecraft: Globalstar. Agency: Globalst. Perigee: 1,412 km (877 mi). Apogee: 1,414 km (878 mi). Inclination: 52.00 deg. COSPAR: 1999-062B. USAF Sat Cat: 25962.
  • Globalstar 39 Nation: USA. Class: Communications. Spacecraft: Globalstar. Agency: Globalst. Perigee: 1,410 km (870 mi). Apogee: 1,417 km (880 mi). Inclination: 52.00 deg. Period: 114.10 min. COSPAR: 1999-062C. USAF Sat Cat: 25963.
  • Globalstar 61 Nation: USA. Class: Communications. Spacecraft: Globalstar. Agency: Globalst. Perigee: 1,411 km (876 mi). Apogee: 1,415 km (879 mi). Inclination: 52.00 deg. COSPAR: 1999-062D. USAF Sat Cat: 25964.
1999 November 23 - 04:06 GMT - Launch Site: Cape Canaveral. Launch Complex: LC36. Launch Pad: SLC36B. Launch Vehicle: Atlas IIA. Model: Atlas IIA. LV Configuration: Atlas IIA AC-136.
  • USA 146 Nation: USA. Program: UHF. Payload: UHF F/O F10. Class: Communications. Spacecraft: HS 601. Manufacturer: Hughes Space and Communications, El Segundo. Agency: USN. Perigee: 35,945 km (22,335 mi). Apogee: 36,626 km (22,758 mi). Inclination: 6.00 deg. COSPAR: 1999-063A. USAF Sat Cat: 25967. UHF Follow-on satellite providing UHF and EHF communications, and Global Broadcast Service television for the US Navy. Positioned in geosynchronous orbit at 173 deg W in 1999; 72 deg E in 2000-2003.
1999 November 26 -
  • Galileo Io 25 Flyby Spacecraft: Galileo.
1999 November 26 -
  • Discovery of SAU 005 & 008 (Mars Meteorites)
1999 November 30 -
  • Shenzhou Chief Designer Revealed Nation: China. Spacecraft: Shenzhou. Qi Faren, the General Designer of the Shenzhou had participated in the design of China's first satellite and was appointed the general designer of Chinese spacecraft in 1992. During the ensuing seven years, Qi directed and co-ordinated his thousand-strong team to '...make a breakthrough in China's manned space travel technology. We are now losing no time in furthering our research. We plan to send humans into space as soon as possible'.References: 424.
1999 December 3 -
  • Contact lost with Mars Polar Lander Nation: USA. Spacecraft: Mars Polar Lander. Mars landing was planned for December 3, 1999, with the end of the primary mission by February 29, 2000. All contact with the spacecraft was lost at the point of separation of the lander and multiprobes. Subsequent investigations pointed to shortcomings in project management and preflight testing, with the result that future 'faster, better, cheaper' NASA missions would be not quite so 'cheap'.
1999 December 3 - 16:22 GMT - Launch Site: Kourou. Launch Complex: ELA2. Launch Pad: ELA2. Launch Vehicle: Ariane 4. Model: Ariane 40. LV Configuration: Ariane 40 V124.
  • Helios 1B Nation: France. Mass: 2,750 kg (6,060 lb). Class: Surveillance. Type: Military. Spacecraft: Helios 1A-1B. Manufacturer: Matra Marconi Space-France, Toulouse. Agency: Délégation Générale pour l'Armement (France). Perigee: 680 km (420 mi). Apogee: 682 km (423 mi). Inclination: 98.20 deg. Period: 98.40 min. COSPAR: 1999-064A. USAF Sat Cat: 25977. French optical military reconnaisance satellite based on Spot 4. Taken out of service in mid-October 2004, when the orbit of the satellite was lowered to 637 x 640 km, taking it out of the path of Helios 1A and the Helios 2A that would be launched in December 2004.References: 4, 552, 554.
  • Clementine Nation: France. Mass: 50 kg (110 lb). Class: Sigint. Spacecraft: MicroSat-70. Manufacturer: Surrey. Agency: CNES/DGA. Perigee: 646 km (401 mi). Apogee: 664 km (412 mi). Inclination: 98.10 deg. COSPAR: 1999-064B. USAF Sat Cat: 25978. Customer: Alcatel Espace(France). French government military electronic intelligence research payload incorporated into an advance microsatellite platform. Based on CERISE with enhanced EMC subsystem. Still operational as of 2000. References: 4, 552, 554.
1999 December 4 - 18:53 GMT - Launch Site: Wallops Island. Launch Complex: RW04. Launch Pad: L-1011. Launch Vehicle: Pegasus XL. Model: Pegasus XL/HAPS. LV Configuration: Pegasus XL/HAPS F28.
  • Orbcomm FM30 Nation: USA. Mass: 45 kg (99 lb). Class: Communications. Spacecraft: Orbcomm. Manufacturer: Orbital Sciences Corp., Germantown. Agency: Orbcomm. Perigee: 824 km (512 mi). Apogee: 834 km (518 mi). Inclination: 45.00 deg. COSPAR: 1999-065A. USAF Sat Cat: 25980. Seven Orbcomms launched, rather than eight as on previous flights. References: 4, 552, 554.
  • Orbcomm FM31 Nation: USA. Mass: 45 kg (99 lb). Class: Communications. Spacecraft: Orbcomm. Manufacturer: Orbital Sciences Corp., Germantown. Agency: Orbcomm. Perigee: 824 km (512 mi). Apogee: 834 km (518 mi). Inclination: 45.00 deg. COSPAR: 1999-065B. USAF Sat Cat: 25981. References: 4, 552, 554.
  • Orbcomm FM32 Nation: USA. Mass: 45 kg (99 lb). Class: Communications. Spacecraft: Orbcomm. Manufacturer: Orbital Sciences Corp., Germantown. Agency: Orbcomm. Perigee: 824 km (512 mi). Apogee: 834 km (518 mi). Inclination: 45.00 deg. COSPAR: 1999-065C. USAF Sat Cat: 25982. References: 4, 552, 554.
  • Orbcomm FM33 Nation: USA. Mass: 45 kg (99 lb). Class: Communications. Spacecraft: Orbcomm. Manufacturer: Orbital Sciences Corp., Germantown. Agency: Orbcomm. Perigee: 824 km (512 mi). Apogee: 834 km (518 mi). Inclination: 45.00 deg. COSPAR: 1999-065D. USAF Sat Cat: 25983. References: 4, 552, 554.
  • Orbcomm FM34 Nation: USA. Mass: 45 kg (99 lb). Class: Communications. Spacecraft: Orbcomm. Manufacturer: Orbital Sciences Corp., Germantown. Agency: Orbcomm. Perigee: 824 km (512 mi). Apogee: 834 km (518 mi). Inclination: 45.00 deg. COSPAR: 1999-065E. USAF Sat Cat: 25984. References: 4, 552, 554.
  • Orbcomm FM35 Nation: USA. Mass: 45 kg (99 lb). Class: Communications. Spacecraft: Orbcomm. Manufacturer: Orbital Sciences Corp., Germantown. Agency: Orbcomm. Perigee: 824 km (512 mi). Apogee: 834 km (518 mi). Inclination: 45.00 deg. COSPAR: 1999-065F. USAF Sat Cat: 25985. References: 4, 552, 554.
  • Orbcomm FM36 Nation: USA. Mass: 45 kg (99 lb). Class: Communications. Spacecraft: Orbcomm. Manufacturer: Orbital Sciences Corp., Germantown. Agency: Orbcomm. Perigee: 824 km (512 mi). Apogee: 834 km (518 mi). Inclination: 45.00 deg. COSPAR: 1999-065G. USAF Sat Cat: 25986. References: 4, 552, 554.
1999 December 10 - 14:32 GMT - Launch Site: Kourou. Launch Complex: ELA3. Launch Pad: ELA3. Launch Vehicle: Ariane 5G. Model: Ariane 5G. LV Configuration: Ariane 5G V119 (504).
  • XMM Nation: Europe. Mass: 3,764 kg (8,298 lb). Class: Astronomy. Spacecraft: XMM. Manufacturer: DaimlerChrysler Dornier, Friedrichshafen. Agency: ESA. Perigee: 7,417 km (4,608 mi). Apogee: 113,678 km (70,636 mi). Inclination: 38.80 deg. COSPAR: 1999-066A. USAF Sat Cat: 25989. ESA's X-ray Multi-Mirror space observatory was the biggest science satellite ever built in Europe. Complementary in characteristics to NASA's Chandra satellite, the spacecraft were expected to make major new astronomical discoveries. References: 4, 552, 554.
1999 December 11 - 18:25 GMT - Launch Site: Alcantara. Launch Complex: VLS. Launch Pad: VLS. Launch Vehicle: VLS. Model: VLS-1. LV Configuration: VLS-1 V02. FAILURE: Second stage failed to ignite; destroyed by range safety.
  • SACI-2 Nation: Brazil. Mass: 80 kg (176 lb). Class: Technology. Spacecraft: SACI. Manufacturer: Instituto Nacional de Pesquisas Espacias, Sao Jose dos Campos. Agency: Instituto Nacional de Pesquisas Espacias, Sao Jose dos Campos. Apogee: 10 km (6 mi). COSPAR: F991211A. Second attempted launch of Brazil's indigenous launcher. References: 4, 552, 554.
1999 December 12 - 17:38 GMT - Launch Site: Vandenberg. Launch Complex: SLC4. Launch Pad: SLC4W. Launch Vehicle: Titan 2. Model: Titan II SLV. LV Configuration: Titan 2 s/n M68B-44 + M68B-94 = 23G-8.
  • USA 147 Nation: USA. Payload: DMSP 5D-3 F-15. Mass: 1,154 kg (2,544 lb). Class: Earth. Type: Weather. Spacecraft: DMSP Block 5D-3. Manufacturer: Lockheed Martin, East Windsor. Agency: USAF. Perigee: 837 km (520 mi). Apogee: 851 km (528 mi). Inclination: 98.90 deg. COSPAR: 1999-067A. USAF Sat Cat: 25991. First launch of the Block 5D-3 military weather satellite. Satellite F-15 was placed in an initial suborbital trajectory. The Star 37S kick motor on the satellite fired 13 minutes after launch for orbit insertion. References: 4, 552, 554.
1999 December 14 - 08:05 GMT - Launch Site: Plesetsk. Launch Complex: LC158. Launch Vehicle: Topol M. LV Configuration: Topol'-M 9.
  • Topol M Test mission Nation: Russia. Agency: RVSN. Apogee: 1,000 km (600 mi). References: 1964.
1999 December 15 -
  • China Has No Shuttle Program Nation: China. There is no a shuttle program in China, stated Liu Jiyuan, former president of China Aerospace Corporation, adding that the formal shuttle project had not started. He also said that the first Shenzhou manned flight would depends on the results of unmanned tests, and that no animal flights were planned.References: 424.
1999 December 17 - 17:00 GMT - Launch Site: Wallops Island. Launch Vehicle: Terrier Orion. Model: Terrier Improved Orion. LV Configuration: Terrier Improved Orion NASA 41.020NM.
  • Terrier Orion MG. Pool Boiling Microgravity mission Nation: USA. Agency: NASA GSFC. Apogee: 168 km (104 mi). References: 1925.
1999 December 18 - 18:57 GMT - Launch Site: Vandenberg. Launch Complex: SLC3. Launch Pad: SLC3E. Launch Vehicle: Atlas IIAS. Model: Atlas IIAS. LV Configuration: Atlas IIAS AC-141.
  • Terra Nation: USA. Payload: EOS-AM1. Mass: 4,854 kg (10,701 lb). Class: Earth. Spacecraft: Terra. Manufacturer: Lockheed Martin, Valley Forge. Agency: NASA GSF. Perigee: 702 km (436 mi). Apogee: 703 km (436 mi). Inclination: 98.20 deg. Period: 98.80 min. COSPAR: 1999-068A. USAF Sat Cat: 25994. First launch in NASA's Earth Observing System program. Terra carried multispectral imagers, a radiation budget instrument, a detector to measure CO and methane pollution, and an instrument to study cloud top and vegetation properties. References: 4, 552, 554.
1999 December 20 - 00:50 GMT - Launch Site: Cape Canaveral. Launch Complex: LC39. Launch Pad: LC39B. Launch Vehicle: Shuttle. Model: Space Shuttle. LV Configuration: Space Shuttle STS-103.
  • STS-103 Nation: USA. Program: STS. Payload: Discovery F27. Class: Manned. Type: Spaceplane. Spacecraft: Discovery. Manufacturer: Boeing Reusable Space Systems, Palmdale. Agency: NASA JSC. Perigee: 591 km (367 mi). Apogee: 610 km (370 mi). Inclination: 28.50 deg. COSPAR: 1999-069A. USAF Sat Cat: 25996. Duration: 7.97 days. Decay Date: 1999-12-28. Crew: Brown, Kelly Scott, Smith Steven, Grunsfeld, Foale, Nicollier, Clervoy. Flight: STS-103. Hubble Space Telescope (HST) servicing mission SM-3A, delayed repeatedly by technical problems with the shuttle fleet after the near-disastrous previous launch. Finally launched after the last possible day to avoid Y2K computer problems; one spacewalk was cancelled so that the shuttle could return by December 28. Hubble was in a 591 km x 610 km x 28.5 deg orbit at launch. After separation of the external tank ET-101 the Orbiter was in a 56 km x 587 km x 28.5 deg transfer orbit. The OMS 2 burn at 0134 UTC raised the orbit to 313 km x 582 km. The payload bay contained:

    • Bay 1-2: External airlock/ODS
    • Bay 7-8: ORU Carrier (Spacelab pallet). Carried Hubble replacement spares arranged as follows: COPE protective enclosure with three RSU gyros, a new solid state recorder, and an S-band transmitter; LOPE enclosure with an HST-486 computer and voltage improvement kit; ASIPE enclosure with a spare HST-486 and spare RSU; FSIPE enclosure with a replacement FGS-2 fine guidance sensor; and NPE enclosure with New Outer Blanket Layer insulation.
    • Bay 11: Flight Servicing System (FSS). Contained the BAPS (Berthing and Positioning System) used to dock with the aft end of the Hubble Space Telescope.
    • Bay 8: APC carrier with foot restraint
    • Bay 12: APC carrier with HST foot retstraint

    Hubble was grabbed by the shuttle's robot arm at 0034 UTC on December 22. Following completion of repairs HST was released on December 25 at 2303 UTC. The deorbit burn at 2248 UTC on Dec 27 placed the orbiter in a 50 km x 616 km descent orbit. Discovery landed on runway 33 at Kennedy Space Center at 0001 UTC on December 28.References: 4, 7, 552, 554.
1999 December 21 - 07:13 GMT - Launch Site: Vandenberg. Launch Complex: 576. Launch Pad: 576E. Launch Vehicle: Taurus. Model: Taurus 2110. LV Configuration: Taurus 2110 T4 2110.
  • Kompsat Nation: Korea South. Payload: Arirang. Mass: 470 kg (1,030 lb). Class: Earth. Type: Oceansat. Spacecraft: KOMPSAT. Manufacturer: Korea Advanced Institute for Space Technology. Agency: KARI. Perigee: 690 km (420 mi). Apogee: 722 km (448 mi). Inclination: 98.30 deg. COSPAR: 1999-070A. USAF Sat Cat: 26032. Korean Multipurpose Satellite; carried an ocean color sensor developed by TRW and particle detectors. KOMPSAT was built by the Korean Aerospace Research Institute (KARI) based on a test model built by TRW; it used the TRW STEP Lightsat bus and had a mass of around 500 kg, with 73 kg of hydrazine fuel.References: 4, 552, 554.
  • ACRIMSAT Nation: USA. Mass: 115 kg (253 lb). Class: Earth. Spacecraft: ACRIMSAT . Manufacturer: Orbital Sciences Corp., Germantown. Agency: NASA/JPL. Perigee: 683 km (424 mi). Apogee: 724 km (449 mi). Inclination: 98.30 deg. COSPAR: 1999-070B. USAF Sat Cat: 26033. Measured the integrated solar energy output from 0.2 to 2 microns. Carried instrument deleted from Terra spacecraft. References: 4, 552, 554.
  • Celestis-03 Nation: USA. Class: Burial. Spacecraft: Celestis. Agency: OSC. Perigee: 683 km (424 mi). Apogee: 723 km (449 mi). Inclination: 98.30 deg. COSPAR: 1999-070C. USAF Sat Cat: 26034. Decay Date: 1971-03-01. Burial satellite containing cremated human remains. References: 4, 552, 554.
1999 December 22 - 1999 December 22 - 00:50 GMT - Launch Site: Kourou. Launch Complex: ELA2. Launch Pad: ELA2. Launch Vehicle: Ariane 44L. Model: Ariane 44L. LV Configuration: Ariane 44L-3 V125.
  • Galaxy 11 Nation: USA. Program: Galaxy. Mass: 4,484 kg (9,885 lb). Class: Communications. Spacecraft: HS 702 . Manufacturer: Hughes Space and Communications, El Segundo. Agency: Panamsat. Perigee: 35,786 km (22,236 mi). Apogee: 35,787 km (22,236 mi). Inclination: 0.00 deg. Period: 1,436.10 min. COSPAR: 1999-071A. USAF Sat Cat: 26038. Communications satellite. Third Ariane launch within three weeks. First Hughes HS 702 bus satellite, for PanAmSat Corporation to expand video and telecommunications services to North America and Brazil. The 20-watt C-band transponders will be used primarily for cable television customers. The Ku-band payload offers two power levels: 140 watts for video distribution, and 75 watts for data networks and other general communications services. This gives Galaxy 11 a total payload of 64 active transponders. Positioned in geosynchronous orbit at 99 deg W in 2000. As of 4 September 2001 located at 91.01 deg W drifting at 0.010 deg W per day. As of 2007 Mar 11 located at 91.01W drifting at 0.008W degrees per day.References: 4, 552, 554.
1999 December 23 -
  • EVA STS-103-2 Nation: USA. Program: STS. Class: Manned. Type: Spaceplane. Spacecraft: Discovery, HST. Crew: Foale, Nicollier. Flight: STS-103. EVA Duration: 0.34 days. Installed in the Hubble space telescope a new 486/25 mhz computer and replaced Fine Guidance Sensor FGS-2.
1999 December 24 -
  • EVA STS-103-3 Nation: USA. Program: STS. Class: Manned. Type: Spaceplane. Spacecraft: Discovery, HST. Crew: Smith Steven, Grunsfeld. Flight: STS-103. EVA Duration: 0.33 days. Completed part of the installation of new insulation to the Hubble space telescope. The rest was deferred to the next servicing mission.
1999 December 25 -
  • Chinese Military Space Research Center Formed Nation: China. China formed a military space research center at the People Liberation Army's Arms and Command Technologies College. The center would study military space technologies including space launch operations and space war. It was equipped with various space simulation facilities.References: 424.
1999 December 26 - 08:00 GMT - Launch Site: Baikonur. Launch Complex: LC90. Launch Pad: LC90/20. Launch Vehicle: Tsyklon 2. Model: Tsiklon-2. LV Configuration: Tsiklon-2 801 (45082801).
  • Cosmos 2367 Nation: Russia. Payload: US-PM s/n 10. Mass: 3,150 kg (6,940 lb). Class: Sigint. Type: Naval reconnaisance. Spacecraft: US-PU. Manufacturer: KB Arsenal, Sankt-Peterburg. Agency: Russian Navy. Perigee: 404 km (251 mi). Apogee: 418 km (259 mi). Inclination: 65.00 deg. COSPAR: 1999-072A. USAF Sat Cat: 26040. Decay Date: 2002-07-19. Passive naval electronic intelligence satellite. The satellite was placed in an initial 147 km x 442 km orbit at 65 degree inclination. The US-PM's propulsion module fired at apogee to circularize the orbit. Replaced the only previous remaining US-PM satellite which ended operations in November and reentered earlier in December 1999.References: 4, 552, 554.
1999 December 27 - 19:12 GMT - Launch Site: Plesetsk. Launch Complex: LC16. Launch Pad: LC16/2. Launch Vehicle: Molniya 8K78M. Model: Molniya 8K78M. LV Configuration: Molniya 8K78M 2BL.
  • Cosmos 2368 Nation: Russia. Mass: 1,900 kg (4,100 lb). Class: Early Warning. Spacecraft: Oko. Manufacturer: NPO Lavochkin, Moskva. Agency: VKS. Perigee: 1,603 km (996 mi). Apogee: 38,751 km (24,078 mi). Inclination: 63.20 deg. Period: 717.80 min. COSPAR: 1999-073A. USAF Sat Cat: 26042. Early warning satellite, carrying a large telescope to monitor missile launches. The payload and fourth stage were placed in an initial 229 km x 523 km x 62.8 deg orbit; the fourth stage (Block-2BL) fired over South America on the first orbit and delivered the payload to its 12-hour final orbit.References: 4, 552, 554.
1999 December 28 -
  • Landing of STS-103 Nation: USA. Flight: STS-103. STS-103 landed at 00:01 GMT.

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