• Belokorovichi. Agency: RVSN. Operating Country: Russia. Type: IRBM Base. Location: Zhitomir. Latitude: 49°0' N. Longitude: 26°0' E.

• Glukhov. Agency: RVSN. Operating Country: Russia. Type: IRBM Base. Latitude: 51°25' N. Longitude: 33°32' E.

• Khmelnitskiy. Agency: RVSN. Operating Country: Russia. Type: ICBM Base. Latitude: 49°15' N. Longitude: 27°0' E.

• Kiev. Agency: RVSN. Operating Country: Russia. Type: IRBM Base. Latitude: 50°18' N. Longitude: 30°24' E.

• Kolomiya. Agency: RVSN. Operating Country: Russia. Type: IRBM Base. Latitude: 48°19' N. Longitude: 25°2' E.

• Lutsk. Agency: RVSN. Operating Country: Russia. Type: IRBM Base. Latitude: 50°26' N. Longitude: 25°12' E.

• Lvov. Agency: RVSN. Operating Country: Russia. Type: IRBM Base. Latitude: 49°48' N. Longitude: 24°0' E.

• Pervomaisk. Agency: RVSN. Operating Country: Russia. Type: ICBM Base. Latitude: 48°0' N. Longitude: 30°0' E.

• Romny. Agency: RVSN. Operating Country: Russia. Type: IRBM Base. Latitude: 50°27' N. Longitude: 33°18' E.

• Simferopol. Agency: RVSN. Operating Country: Russia. Type: IRBM Base. Latitude: 44°34' N. Longitude: 34°4' E.

• Slavuta. Agency: RVSN. Operating Country: Russia. Type: IRBM Base. Latitude: 50°18' N. Longitude: 26°54' E.

• 8K94. - intermediate range ballistic missile - Status: Design. Unusual designation for the upper stages of another Yangel project - possibly reflecting design originally was stand-alone IRBM?

• Ikar. - intercontinental ballistic missile - Status: Development ended 1991. Ikar was Yuzhnoye's design for a heavy ICBM, a next-generation replacement for the R-36M2. Design was begun at the beginning of the 1990's under Stanislav Us. It may have used all-solid propellants, and nested rocket stages. Work was quickly dropped after the dissolution of the Soviet Union.

• Koltso. - intercontinental ballistic missile - Status: Development ended 1991. Koltso was a Yuzhnoye advanced ICBM, subject of decrees of 29 September 1976 and 31 May 1984. Development was authorised by the project was cancelled after the collapse of the ICBM.

• Kopye-R. - intercontinental ballistic missile - Status: Development ended 1991. Kopye-R was a Yuzhnoye advanced ICBM, subject of a draft project completed in February 1986. Development was authorised by the project was cancelled after the collapse of the ICBM.

• Kosmos 11K63. - orbital launch vehicle - Status: Out of production. Series production version of satellite launcher based on Yangel R-12 IRBM. Succeeded 63S1M prototype from 1965, using same 'Dvina' launch complex. From March 16, 1967 orbital launches from Plesetsk from purpose-built 'Raduga' launch complex LC133. Total of 123 launches, of which 8 were failures.

• Kosmos 11K65. - orbital launch vehicle - Status: Out of production. Initial serial production version was the Kosmos-3, built at the Krasnoryarsk Machine Factory. Flew only four times, with two failures, before being succeeded by the modernized production version under the responsibility of NPO Polyot.

• Kosmos 11K65M. - orbital launch vehicle - Status: In production. Definitive and prolific production version of satellite launcher based on Yangel R-14 IRBM. After further development at NPO Polyot (Omsk, Chief Designer A S Klinishkov), the modified Kosmos-3M added a restartable second stage with an orientation system. This booster was launched form two 'Cusovaya' launch complexes from 1967. The second stage used low thrust rockets using gas generator output to adjust the final velocity of the stage

• Kosmos 63S1. - orbital launch vehicle - Status: Out of production. In 1960 the Soviet government decreed development of a lightweight launch vehicle for launch of payloads not requiring R-7 family of boosters. A modification of the R-12 IRBM was selected as the first stage; a new high-performance second stage was developed using a unique Lox/UDMH propellant combination. After two failures, the first successful flight was on March 16, 1962. The 63S1 was used through May 1966 for a total of 40 launches, of which 12 were failures. It was succeeded by the 63S1M prototype for the 11K63 production space launcher.

• Kosmos 63S1M. - orbital launch vehicle - Status: Out of production. Modernized version of 63S1 initial configuration of the first Kosmos launcher and the prototype for the production 11K63 launch vehicle. Suborbital launches from Plesetsk from 1965 at from the modified R-12 silo 'Dvina'. Flown only a few times in 1965-1967. Succeeded by the 11K63 production model launched from the 'Raduga' complex.

• Kosmos 65MP. - orbital launch vehicle - Status: Out of production. Adaptation of 11K65M launcher for suborbital and single orbit test of subscale prototypes of Spiral and Buran manned spaceplanes (BOR-4 and BOR-5).

• Kosmos 65S3. - orbital launch vehicle - Status: Out of production. Prototype of light satellite launcher using as a first stage the Yangel R-14 (8K65) IRBM. In 1961 Isayev and Reshetnev developed the Voskhod space launch system on the basis of the R-14. The initial version of the two stage rocket was designated Kosmos-1. The first 'Voskhod' launch complex was at Baikonur, a modification of one of the pads at the R-16 ICBM launch complex 41. The protoype system was launched eight times before production was handed over to the Krasnoryarsk Machine Factory.

• Mayak. - orbital launch vehicle - Status: Design 2005. New family of modular medium-sized launch vehicles proposed by the Ukraine in 2005. No known development or production funding was forthcoming.

• MR-UR-100. - intercontinental ballistic missile - The Yangel MR-UR-100 was designed as a replacement for Chelomei's UR-100 at the end of its 10 year storage life. Although it could be installed in the same silos, it was 50% heavier. The competing design of Chelomei, the UR-100N, was also put into production when the Soviet hierarchy deadlocked and could not pick one design over the other.

• Perimetr. - strategic communications missile - Perimetr was a rocket developed for launch of a highly secret communications payload. This would be be put in orbit or on a long high-altitude trajectory to provide back-up command and control of the strategic forces in the event of nuclear war.

• R-12. - intermediate range ballistic missile - Status: Out of production. The R-12 was the first operationally effective intermediate range ballistic missile, the first Soviet missile deployed with a thermonuclear warhead, and the first mass-produced missile in history. 2,300 of the storable propellant rockets were built and deployed in both mobile and silo-based versions for thirty years, from March 1959 to June 1989. It was a primary element in the Soviet deterrent threatening Western Europe and China throughout the Cold War. Deployment of R-12's to Cuba in 1962 precipitated the Cuba Missile Crisis.

• R-16. - intercontinental ballistic missile - Status: Out of production. The Soviet Union's first practical ICBM, a two stage vehicle using storable propellants. Development began in 1956 and the missile was in service from 1962 to 1974. Peak deployment consisted of 186 launchers, about a third of them in missile silos, the rest in fixed 'soft' installations.

• R-26. - intercontinental ballistic missile - Status: Out of production. Two stage light ICBM developed 1960-1962, but cancelled so that Yangel could concentrate his efforts on the R-36. After project cancellation, a mock-up of this missile was shown in Moscow parades and misidentified for years by Western analysts as the 'SS-8'.

• R-36. - intercontinental ballistic missile - The R-36 ICBM was the largest ever built and the bogeyman of the Pentagon throughout the Cold War. Dubbed the 'city buster', the 308 silos built were constantly held up by the US Air Force as an awesome threat that justified a new round of American missile or anti-missile systems. On the other hand, the Americans were never motivated to build and deploy corresponding numbers of their equivalent, the liquid propellant Titan 2. Derivatives of the R-36 included the R-36-O orbital bombing system, the Tsiklon-2 and -3 medium orbital launch vehicles, and the replacement R-36M missiles. With the collapse of the Soviet Union, the design and manufacturing facility ended up in independent Ukraine. Accordingly the missile was finally retired in the 1990's, conveniently in accordance with arms reduction agreements with the Americans.

• R-36-O. - orbital missile - Status: Out of production. The R-36-O was the only orbiting military nuclear weapon ever deployed, although in order to remain legal under international treaties it was a 'fractional orbital' weapon. Although American infrared early warning satellites invalidated the 'surprise attack' component of the concept, 18 missiles were operational from 1969 to 1983.

• R-36M. - intercontinental ballistic missile - The R-36M replaced the R-36 in 288 existing silos and was additionally installed in 20 new super-hardened silos.

• R-36M2. - intercontinental ballistic missile - The R-36M2 was the Soviet Union's answer to the American 'Star Wars' anti-ballistic missile system. It was unusually named 'Voevoda' (an old Russian word for the leader of an army) in recognition of its planned role. In the end, it was only deployed in very limited numbers before the end of the Cold War.

• R-46. - intercontinental ballistic missile - Status: Study 1966. Super-heavy ICBM designed by Yangel in 1963-1966. The original R-56 super-booster concept consisted of clustered R-46's.

• R-56. - orbital launch vehicle - Status: Study 1961. The R-56 was Yangel's ultimate superbooster design. Trade studies begun in 1962 resulted in a conventional tandem stage design capable of being transported on the Soviet canal system from the factory to the launch site, while still placing 40 metric tons into low earth orbit. However various Soviet government factions favored the much larger (and less practical) Korolev N1 or Chelomei UR-700 designs. Yangel made one last attempt to convince the government to sponsor a common approach to the lunar program, with different design bureaus concentrating on just one part of the mission, as the American's were doing. But his practical solutions obtained no traction, and further work on the R-56 was abandoned.

• R-56 Polyblock. - orbital launch vehicle - Status: Study 1961. One design approach considered for Yangel's R-56 superbooster of the 1960's was a polyblock design limited to rail transport restrictions (4 x 3.8 m diameter stages clustered together). Although a dynamic test model was built and tested at Tsniimash, Yangel finally reached the conclusion that a monoblock design was clearly superior to polyblock versions. Further work on the polyblock design was abandoned. Tsniimash exhibits in its small museum the 1:10 structural simulation model of the 3.8 m diameter polyblock design.

• RT-20P. - intercontinental ballistic missile - Status: Out of production. Following the protracted development of Shavyrin's Gnom air-augmented ICBM, it was decided to let Yangel tackle the problem of developing a 30 tonne gross mass ICBM using more conventional technology. At first a three-stage solid propellant design was considered. But it was found impossible to achieve the launch weight with such an approach. Yangel's solution was to propose the only mixed propulsion ICBM ever developed - a solid propellant first stage, and high performance ampulised storable liquid propellant second stage. The draft project for the missile was completed in December 1964 and a decree to proceed with development was issued on 24 August 1965. Shortly thereafter Shavyrin died and Gnom was cancelled, leaving Yangel's RT-20P the lead project for the mobile ICBM requirement. Designs for silo-launched and submarine-launched versions of the missile were to be developed as well.

• RT-23. - intercontinental ballistic missile - The only rail-based ICBM ever deployed. Developed by Yuzhnoye in the Ukraine was protracted, but understandable given the huge technical challenges. Twelve years of design and testing was followed by deployment from 1988. All were retired by 2003.

• SK-100. - orbital launch vehicle - Status: Develpment 1962. In 1962 Yangel produced his first design for a large clustered rocket. The SK-100 would have clustered seven R-16 ICBM first stages in order to put 100 metric tons into earth orbit. The concept was abandoned for the simpler R-56 design.

• Tsyklon. - orbital launch vehicle - Status: Out of production. Minimal modification of the R-36 ICBM used in replacement of Chelomei's cancelled UR-200 booster for initial launches of the IS ASAT and US naval radarsat. Development was authorized in late 1965 and first launch was made before the end of 1967. It flew only eight times before being replaced by the definitive Tsyklon-2 space launch vehicle.

• Tsyklon 2. - orbital launch vehicle - Status: In production. A government decree of 24 August 1965 ordered development by Yangel of a version of his R-36 rocket to orbit Chelomei's IS (Istrebitel Sputnik) ASAT and US (Upravlenniye Sputnik) naval intelligence satellites. The Tyklon 2 definitive operational version replaced the 11K67 launch vehicle from 1969 and was an adaptation of the 8K69 (SS-9) two stage ICBM. The IS and US Raketoplan-derived payloads had their own engines for insertion into final orbit.

• Tsyklon 3. - orbital launch vehicle - Status: In production. The Tsyklon 3 was developed in 1970-1977 as a part of a program to reduce the number of Soviet booster types. The first two stages were derived from the 8K68 version of the R-36 ICBM, while the restartable third stage was derived from that of the R-36-O. Compared to the Tsyklon 2, the launch vehicle increased payload to 4 metric tons, provided for completely automated launch operations, and had increased orbital injection accuracy.

• Tsyklon 4. - orbital launch vehicle - Status: Design 2005. Updated version of Tsyklon 3, announced by the Ukraine in 2005 as being in design. Improved lower stages, new upper stage and a new 4.0-m diameter payload fairing. No production plans.

• Universal. - intercontinental ballistic missile - Yuzhnoye solid-propellant ICBM designed for mass production to counter US 'Star Wars' programme. Two built before break-up of Soviet Union. Some design features incorporated into all-Russian Topol-M.

• Zenit-2. - orbital launch vehicle - Status: In production. Zenit was to be a modular new generation medium Soviet launch vehicle, replacing the various ICBM-derived launch vehicles in use since the 1960's (Tsyklon and R-7 derivatives). But it was built by Yuzhnoye in the Ukraine; when the Soviet Union broke up planned large-scale production for the Soviet military was abandoned (Angara development was begun as an indigenous alternative). A version of first stage was used as strap-ons for the cancelled Energia heavy booster. Launch pads were completed only at Baikonur; those at Plesetsk were never finished and are planned to be completed as Angara pads.

• Zenit-3SL. - orbital launch vehicle - Status: In production. From the beginning of the program a Zenit-3 version was proposed for geosynchronous launches using the N1/Proton Block D third stage. This had the potential of replacing the Proton in the role of geosynchronous launcher. It was considered for launch from Australia / Cape York in the 1980's. Finally a joint US-Norwegian-Ukraininan-Russian consortium was formed to launch the three stage commercial Zenit from the Odyssey floating launch platform in the Pacific Ocean.

• AUOS. - Technology

• DS-1. - Technology

• DS-2. - Technology

• DS-A1. - Technology Navigation

• DS-K-40. - Technology

• DS-K-8. - Earth Micrometeoroid

• DS-MG. - Technology

• DS-MO. - Technology

• DS-MT. - Technology

• DS-P1. - Military Target

• DS-P1-I. - Military Target

• DS-P1-M. - Military ASAT Target

• DS-P1-Yu. - Military Target

• DS-U1-A. - Earth Ionosphere

• DS-U1-G. - Earth Ionosphere

• DS-U1-IK. - Earth Ionosphere

• DS-U1-R. - Earth Atmosphere

• DS-U1-Ya. - Earth Magnetosphere

• DS-U2-D. - Earth Magnetosphere

• DS-U2-GF. - Solar

• DS-U2-GK. - Earth Magnetosphere

• DS-U2-GKA. - Earth Magnetosphere

• DS-U2-I. - Earth Ionosphere

• DS-U2-IK. - Earth Ionosphere

• DS-U2-IP. - Earth Ionosphere

• DS-U2-K. - Earth Magnetosphere

• DS-U2-M. - Technology

• DS-U2-MG. - Earth Magnetosphere

• DS-U2-MP. - Earth Micrometeoroid

• DS-U2-MT. - Astronomy Gamma Ray

• DS-U2-V. - Technology Military

• DS-U3-IK. - Earth Magnetosphere

• DS-U3-S. - Solar

• DS-U4-B. - Biology

• DS-U4-T. - Materials

• DS-U5. - Technology

• GVM DS-U2-IK. - Earth Ionosphere

• IK-B-1300. - Earth Magnetosphere

• MS-1. - Earth Resources

• Nadezhda. - Navigation

• Okean-E. - Earth Radarsat

• Okean-O. - Earth Radarsat

• Okean-O1. - Earth Radarsat

• Okean-OE. - Earth Radarsat

• Resurs-O2. - Earth Landsat

• Taifun-1. - Military Target

• Taifun-1Yu. - Military Target

• Taifun-2. - Military Target

• Tselina-2. - SIGINT

• Tselina-3. - SIGINT

• Tselina-D. - SIGINT

• Tselina-O. - SIGINT

• Tselina-OM. - SIGINT

• US-PU. - SIGINT Naval reconnaisance

• Adamchuk. - Nadezhda Ivanyeva Adamchuk Ukrainian Scientist Cosmonaut. Born 4 October 1970.

• Aleksandrov Anatoliy. - Anatoliy Petrovich Aleksandrov Russian Scientist. Born 13 February 1903. Died 3 February 1994.

• Artsebarsky. - Anatoli Pavlovich Artsebarsky Russian Pilot Cosmonaut. Born 9 September 1956. Number of Flights: 1.00. Total Time: 144.64 days.

• Bachurin. - Ivan Ivanovich Bachurin Russian Pilot Cosmonaut. Born 29 January 1942.

• Beregovoi. - Georgi Timofeyevich Beregovoi Ukrainian Pilot Cosmonaut. Born 15 April 1921. Died 30 June 1995. Number of Flights: 1.00. Total Time: 3.95 days.

• Bondarenko. - Valentin Vasilyevich Bondarenko Ukrainian Pilot Cosmonaut. Born 16 February 1937. Died 23 March 1961.

• Brezhnev. - Leonid I Brezhnev Russian Manager. Born 19 December 1912. Died 10 November 1982.

• Burdayev. - Mikhail Nikolayevich Burdayev Russian Engineer Cosmonaut. Born 27 August 1932.

• Chelomei. - Vladimir Nikolayevich Chelomei Russian Engineer. Born 30 June 1914. Died 8 December 1984.

• Dobrovolsky. - Georgi Timofeyevich Dobrovolsky Russian Pilot Cosmonaut. Born 1 June 1928. Died 30 June 1971. Number of Flights: 1.00. Total Time: 23.77 days.

• Fartushny. - Vladimir Grigoryevich Fartushny Ukrainian Engineer Cosmonaut. Born 3 February 1938.

• Gidzenko. - Yuri Pavlovich Gidzenko Ukrainian Pilot Cosmonaut. Born 26 March 1962. Number of Flights: 3.00. Total Time: 329.95 days.

• Glushko. - Valentin Petrovich Glushko Russian Engineer. Born 2 September 1908. Died 10 January 1989.

• Grishchenko. - Vitali Andreyevich Grishchenko Ukrainian Navigator Cosmonaut. Born 26 April 1942. Died 4 May 1992.

• Kadenyuk. - Leonid Konstantinovich Kadenyuk Ukrainian Pilot Cosmonaut. Born 28 January 1951. Number of Flights: 1.00. Total Time: 15.69 days.

• Kizim. - Leonid Denissovich Kizim Ukrainian Pilot Cosmonaut. Born 5 August 1941. Number of Flights: 3.00. Total Time: 374.75 days.

• Kolodin. - Pyotr Ivanovich Kolodin Russian Engineer Cosmonaut. Born 23 September 1930.

• Konyukhov S P. - Stanislav Nikolayevich Konyukhov Ukrainian Chief Designer.

• Korolev. - Sergei Pavlovich Korolev Russian Engineer. Born 12 January 1907. Died 14 January 1966.

• Kotov. - Oleg Valeriyevich Kotov Russian Physician Cosmonaut. Born 27 October 1965. Number of Flights: 1.00. Total Time: 196.71 days.

• Kramarenko. - Aleksandr Yakovlevich Kramarenko Ukrainian Pilot Cosmonaut. Born 8 November 1942. Died 13 April 2002.

• Krikun. - Yuri Yurievich Krikun Ukrainian Journalist Cosmonaut. Born 3 June 1963.

• Kugno. - Eduard Pavlovich Kugno Ukrainian Engineer Cosmonaut. Born 27 June 1935. Died 24 February 1994.

• Levchenko. - Anatoli Semyonovich Levchenko Ukrainian Pilot Cosmonaut. Born 21 May 1941. Died 6 August 1988. Number of Flights: 1.00. Total Time: 7.92 days.

• Lisun. - Mikhail Ivanovich Lisun Ukrainian Engineer Cosmonaut. Born 5 September 1935.

• Lyakhov. - Vladimir Afanassyevich Lyakhov Russian Pilot Cosmonaut. Born 20 July 1941. Number of Flights: 3.00. Total Time: 333.33 days.

• Malenchenko. - Yuri Ivanovich Malenchenko Ukrainian Pilot Cosmonaut. Born 22 December 1961. Number of Flights: 4.00. Total Time: 513.70 days.

• Meytarchan. - Vyacheslav Georgyevich Meytarchan Ukrainian Scientist Cosmonaut. Born 7 December 1965.

• Nelyubov. - Grigori Grigoyevich Nelyubov Russian Pilot Cosmonaut. Born 31 March 1934. Died 18 February 1966.

• Oleinik. - Ivan Ivanovich Oleinik Ukrainian Military Officer. Born 1937.

• Onufrienko. - Yuri Ivanovich Onufrienko Ukrainian Pilot Cosmonaut. Born 6 February 1961. Number of Flights: 2.00. Total Time: 389.62 days.

• Petrushenko. - Aleksandr Yakovlevich Petrushenko Ukrainian Pilot Cosmonaut. Born 1 January 1942. Died 11 November 1992.

• Popov. - Leonid Ivanovich Popov Ukrainian Pilot Cosmonaut. Born 31 August 1945. Number of Flights: 3.00. Total Time: 200.62 days.

• Popovich. - Pavel Romanovich Popovich Ukrainian Pilot Cosmonaut. Born 5 October 1930. Number of Flights: 2.00. Total Time: 18.69 days.

• Shcheglov. - Vasily Dmitriyevich Shcheglov Russian Pilot Cosmonaut. Born 9 April 1940. Died 19 July 1973.

• Shkaplerov. - Anton Nikolayevich Shkaplerov Russian Pilot Cosmonaut. Born 20 February 1972.

• Shonin. - Georgi Stepanovich Shonin Russian Pilot Cosmonaut. Born 3 August 1935. Died 7 April 1997. Number of Flights: 1.00. Total Time: 4.95 days.

• Stepanov Yuri. - Yuri Nikolayevich Stepanov Russian Engineer Cosmonaut. Born 27 September 1936.

• Tsibliyev. - Vasili Vasilyevich Tsibliyev Russian Pilot Cosmonaut. Born 20 February 1954. Number of Flights: 2.00. Total Time: 381.66 days.

• Vasyutin. - Vladimir Vladimirovich Vasyutin Russian Pilot Cosmonaut. Born 8 March 1952. Died 20 July 2002. Number of Flights: 1.00. Total Time: 64.91 days.

• Volk. - Igor Petrovich Volk Ukrainian Pilot Cosmonaut. Born 12 April 1937. Number of Flights: 1.00. Total Time: 11.80 days.

• Volkov Aleksandr. - Aleksandr Aleksandrovich Volkov Ukrainian Pilot Cosmonaut. Born 27 April 1948. Number of Flights: 3.00. Total Time: 391.50 days.

• Volkov Sergey. - Sergey Aleksandrovich Volkov Ukrainian Pilot Cosmonaut. Born 1 April 1973.

• Yazdovsky. - Valeri Aleksandrovich Yazdovsky Russian Engineer Cosmonaut. Born 8 June 1930.

• Zholobov. - Vitali Mikhailovich Zholobov Ukrainian Engineer Cosmonaut. Born 18 June 1937. Number of Flights: 1.00. Total Time: 49.27 days.

• Borodai. - Alexei Sergeyevich Borodai Ukrainian Pilot Cosmonaut. Birth Country: Russia. Born 28 July 1947.

• Kononenko O D. - Oleg Dmitriyevich Kononenko Ukrainian Pilot Cosmonaut. Birth Country: Russia. Born 21 June 1964.

• Krichevsky. - Sergei Vladimirovich Krichevsky Ukrainian Pilot Cosmonaut. Birth Country: Russia. Born 9 July 1955.

• Ponomaryova. - Valentina Leonidovna Ponomaryova Ukrainian Pilot Cosmonaut. Birth Country: Russia. Born 18 September 1933.

• Pustovyi. - Dr Yaroslav Ihorovych Pustovyi Ukrainian Engineer Astronaut. Birth Country: Russia. Born 29 December 1970.

1996 January 1 -

• Ukrainian Cosmonaut Training Group selected. Ukrainian astronauts trained for flights to the Mir space station. Level: 1.

• Sich-1M Program: Okean. Payload: Okean O1-N9. Mass: 2,263 kg (4,989 lb). Class: Earth. Type: Radarsat. Spacecraft: Okean-O1. Manufacturer: NPO Yuzhnoye. Agency: NKAU Ukraine. Perigee: 280 km (170 mi). Apogee: 650 km (400 mi). Inclination: 82.56 deg. COSPAR: 2004-052A. USAF Sat Cat: 28505. Ukranian-built remote sensing satellite. Originally tagged by USAF SpaceCom as Cosmos 2412. Third stage apogee kick burn was too short, raising the perigee of the orbit from 78 km to 280 km, rather than the 650 km planned. Level: 1.

• Mikron Payload: MK-1TS. Mass: 66 kg (145 lb). Class: Technology. Spacecraft: MS-1. Manufacturer: NPO Yuzhnoye. Agency: NKAU Ukraine. Perigee: 280 km (170 mi). Apogee: 650 km (400 mi). Inclination: 82.56 deg. COSPAR: 2004-052C. USAF Sat Cat: 28507. Decay Date: 2005-09-30. The Mikron microsatellite was equipped with a small visible range video camera. The information from the satellite was to be used to provide remote sensing of topography and meteorology. However the main purpose of the experimental satellite was to test the MS-1 microsatellite bus created under the Ukrainian National Space Program. The satellites spectral range was from 0.45 to 0.90 mm; swath width was 253-391 km; resolution 124-191 m.Level: 1.