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USA
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 | USA Credit - © Mark Wade
| Major Articles Relating to USA
- Project Horizon. The project summary of the US Army's 1959 plan to place a military base on the moon by 1965!
- Project Horizon. This is the best part, with all the pictures - the project summary of the US Army's 1959 plan to place a military base on the moon by 1965!
- Project Horizon. The project summary of the US Army's 1959 plan to place a military base on the moon by 1965!
- Lunex. In May 1961, just as Kennedy had decided that NASA should put an American on the moon, the US Air Force released a secret report, summarising the result of years of planning to place a military base on the moon by 1967.
- By Gemini to the Moon!. The Gusmobile might have gotten on the moon faster, quicker, cheaper (but not better...)
- Skylab's Untimely Fate. James Oberg tells the sad story of how the United States abandoned the largest space station ever built and spent a quarter century trying to regain the capability.
Launch Sites in USA - Altus AFB. Agency: USAF. Type: ICBM Base. Location: Oklahoma. Latitude: 34°45' N. Longitude: 99°16' W.
- Antigua. Agency: NASA. Type: Suborbital Launch Site. Latitude: 17°09' N. Longitude: 61°47' W.
- Arecibo. Agency: NASA. Type: Suborbital Launch Site. Location: Camp Tortuguero, Puerto Rico. Latitude: 18°29' N. Longitude: 66°26' W.
- Ascension. Agency: USAF/NASA. Type: Suborbital Launch Site. Location: Ascension Island. Latitude: 7°58'52" S. Longitude: 14°24'49" W.
- Barking Sands. Agency: USN. Type: Suborbital Launch Site. Location: Kauai Test Facility (KTF), Kauai, Hawaii. Latitude: 22°03'29" N. Longitude: 159°46'37" W.
- Beale AFB. Agency: USAF. Type: ICBM Base. Location: California. Latitude: 38°53' N. Longitude: 121°16' W.
- Bikini. Agency: USN. Type: Suborbital Launch Site. Location: Pacific Proving Grounds, Bikini Island. Latitude: 11°35' N. Longitude: 165°20' E.
- Black Mesa. Type: Suborbital Launch Site. Location: Blanding, Utah. Latitude: 37°22' N. Longitude: 109°17' W.
- Cape Canaveral. Agency: USAF. Type: Orbital Launch Site. Location: Cape Canaveral Air Station, Florida. Latitude: 28°28' N. Longitude: 80°32' W.
- Charlestown. Agency: SPFLA. Type: Suborbital Launch Site. Location: Rhode Island. Latitude: 41°22' N. Longitude: 71°40' W.
- China Lake. Agency: USN. Type: Orbital Launch Site. Location: Naval Ordnance Test Station, California. Latitude: 35°35' N. Longitude: 117°10' W.
- Datil. Agency: US Army. Type: Suborbital Launch Site. Location: New Mexico. Latitude: 34°05' N. Longitude: 107°31' W.
- Davis-Monthan AFB. Agency: USAF. Type: ICBM Base. Location: Arizona. Latitude: 32°13' N. Longitude: 110°56' W.
- Dyess AFB. Agency: USAF. Type: ICBM Base. Location: Texas. Latitude: 32°15' N. Longitude: 99°46' W.
- Eareckson. Agency: USAF. Type: Suborbital Launch Site. Location: Eareckson Air Station, Shemya Island, Alaska. Latitude: 52°43' N. Longitude: 174°05' E.
- Edwards. Agency: USAF. Type: Orbital Launch Site. Location: Edwards AFB, California. Latitude: 34°54' N. Longitude: 117°48' W.
- Eglin. Agency: USAF. Type: Suborbital Launch Site. Location: Eglin AFB, Florida. Latitude: 30°23' N. Longitude: 86°44' W.
- Ellsworth AFB. Agency: USAF. Type: ICBM Base. Location: Wyoming. Latitude: 44°08' N. Longitude: 103°06'W.
- Eniwetok. Agency: USAF. Type: Suborbital Launch Site. Location: Eniwetok Proving Grounds, Eniwetok (Enewetak) Atoll, Marshall Islands. Latitude: 11°30' N. Longitude: 162°15' E.
- Fairchild AFB. Agency: USAF. Type: ICBM Base. Location: Washington. Latitude: 47°39' N. Longitude: 117°49' W.
- Forbes AFB. Agency: USAF. Type: ICBM Base. Location: Kansas. Latitude: 38°57' N. Longitude: 95°48' W.
- Fort Bliss. Agency: US Army. Type: Suborbital Launch Site. Location: Texas. Latitude: 31°48' N. Longitude: 106°39' W.
- Fort Greely. Agency: US Army. Type: Anti-ballistic Missile site. Location: Delta Junction, Alaska. Latitude: 64°00'00" N. Longitude: 145°43'36" W.
- Fort Sherman. Agency: NASA. Type: Suborbital Launch Site. Location: Panama Canal Zone. Latitude: 9°20' N. Longitude: 79°58' W.
- Fort Wingate. Agency: US Army SMDC. Type: Suborbital Launch Site. Location: Fort Wingate Depot Activity, New Mexico. Latitude: 35°27'00" N. Longitude: 108°35'60" W.
- Gilson Butte. Type: Suborbital Launch Site. Location: Utah. Latitude: 38°36' N. Longitude: 110°36' W.
- Grand Forks AFB. Agency: USAF. Type: ICBM Base. Location: North Dakota. Latitude: 48°09' N. Longitude: 98°26' W.
- Green River. Agency: USAF. Type: Suborbital Launch Site. Location: Utah. Latitude: 38°54' N. Longitude: 110°06' W.
- Holloman. Agency: USAF. Type: Suborbital Launch Site. Location: Holloman Air Development Center, New Mexico. Latitude: 32°53' N. Longitude: 106°04' W.
- Johnston Island. Agency: USAF. Type: Suborbital Launch Site. Latitude: 16°44'15" N. Longitude: 169°31'26" W.
- Keweenaw. Agency: University of Michigan. Type: Suborbital Launch Site. Location: Keweenaw Rocket Launch Site (KRLS), Michigan. Latitude: 47°26' N. Longitude: 87°43' W.
- Kiritimati. Agency: Boeing Sea Launch. Type: Orbital Launch Site. Location: Sea Launch Kiritimati Launch Area, Pacific Ocean. Latitude: 0°00' N. Longitude: 154°00' W.
- Kodiak. Agency: AADC. Type: Orbital Launch Site. Location: Kodiak Launch Complex, Kodiak Island, Alaska. Latitude: 57°26'09" N. Longitude: 152°20'16" W.
- Kwajalein. Agency: US Army SMDC. Type: Suborbital Launch Site. Location: US Army Kwajalein Atoll (USAKA), Marshall Islands. Latitude: 8°60' N. Longitude: 167°43' E.
- Larson AFB. Agency: USAF. Type: ICBM Base. Location: Washington. Latitude: 47°00' N. Longitude: 119°13' W.
- Lincoln AFB. Agency: USAF. Type: ICBM Base. Location: Nebraska. Latitude: 40°40' N. Longitude: 96°36' W.
- Little Rock AFB. Agency: USAF. Type: ICBM Base. Location: Arkansas. Latitude: 35°17' N. Longitude: 92°12' W.
- Lowry AFB. Agency: USAF. Type: ICBM Base. Location: Colorado. Latitude: 39°40' N. Longitude: 104°02' W.
- Malmstrom AFB. Agency: USAF. Type: ICBM Base. Location: Montana. Latitude: 47°17' N. Longitude: 110°48' W.
- Matagorda Island. Agency: SSI. Type: Orbital Launch Site. Location: Texas. Latitude: 28°15' N. Longitude: 96°30' W.
- McConnell AFB. Agency: USAF. Type: ICBM Base. Location: Kansas . Latitude: 37°45' N. Longitude: 97°25' W.
- Mercury. Agency: USN/AEC. Type: Suborbital Launch Site. Location: Nevada. Latitude: 36°40' N. Longitude: 115°59' W.
- Minot AFB. Agency: USAF. Type: ICBM Base. Location: North Dakota. Latitude: 48°38' N. Longitude: 101°26' W.
- Mojave. Agency: Kern County. Type: Suborbital Launch Site. Location: Mojave, California. Latitude: 35°04.035' N. Longitude: 118°09.488 W.
- Mountain Home AFB. Agency: USAF. Type: ICBM Base. Location: Idaho. Latitude: 43°18' N. Longitude: 116°15' W.
- NAOTS. Agency: USN. Type: Suborbital Launch Site. Location: Naval Air Ordnance Test Station, Chincoteague, Virginia. Latitude: 37°55' N. Longitude: 75°22' W.
- Nevada Test Site. Agency: US DOE. Type: Suborbital Launch Site. Latitude: 36°45' N. Longitude: 116°07' W.
- North Truro. Type: Suborbital Launch Site. Location: Cape Cod, Massachusetts. Latitude: 42°00' N. Longitude: 70°01' W.
- Offutt AFB. Agency: USAF. Type: ICBM Base. Location: Iowa. Latitude: 41°31' N. Longitude: 96°11' W.
- Plattsburgh AFB. Agency: USAF. Type: ICBM Base. Location: Vermont. Latitude: 44°54' N. Longitude: 73°42' W.
- Point Arguello. Agency: USN. Type: Suborbital Launch Site. Location: Naval Missile Facility, California. Latitude: 34°37' N. Longitude: 120°36' W.
- Point Barrow. Agency: NASA. Type: Suborbital Launch Site. Location: Alaska. Latitude: 71°02' N. Longitude: 156°47' W.
- Point Mugu. Agency: USN. Type: Suborbital Launch Site. Location: Naval Missile and Astronautics Center, California. Latitude: 34°07' N. Longitude: 119°07' W.
- Poker Flat. Agency: USAF. Type: Suborbital Launch Site. Location: Poker Flat Research Range, Ft Wainwright, Alaska. Latitude: 65°07'01" N. Longitude: 147°28'01" W.
- Presque Isle AFB. Agency: USAF. Type: ICCM Base. Location: Maine. Latitude: 46°40' N. Longitude: 68°00' W.
- Ramey. Agency: USAF. Type: Suborbital Launch Site. Location: Ramey AFB, Aguadilla, Puerto Rico. Latitude: 18°27' N. Longitude: 67°08' W.
- San Clemente. Agency: USN. Type: Suborbital Launch Site. Location: San Clemente Island, Pacific Missile Range, California. Latitude: 32°55' N. Longitude: 118°30' W.
- San Nicolas. Agency: USN. Type: Suborbital Launch Site. Location: San Nicolas Island, Pacific Missile Range, California. Latitude: 33°15' N. Longitude: 119°30' W.
- Schilling AFB. Agency: USAF. Type: ICBM Base. Location: Kansas. Latitude: 38°59' N. Longitude: 97°41' W.
- Spaceport America. Agency: New Mexico Spaceport Authority. Location: Upham, New Mexico.
- Thule AFB. Agency: USAF. Type: Suborbital Launch Site. Location: Halvo, Greenland. Latitude: 76°32' N. Longitude: 68°44' W.
- Tonopah. Agency: Sandia. Type: Suborbital Launch Site. Location: Tonopah Test Range, Nevada. Latitude: 37°45' N. Longitude: 116°45' W.
- Vandenberg. Agency: USAF. Type: Orbital Launch Site. Location: Vandenberg AFB, California. Latitude: 34°45' N. Longitude: 120°37' W.
- Wake Island. Agency: USAF. Type: Suborbital Launch Site. Latitude: 19°17'24" N. Longitude: 166°37'05" E.
- Walker AFB. Agency: USAF. Type: ICBM Base. Location: New Mexico. Latitude: 33°24' N. Longitude: 104°30' W.
- Wallops Island. Agency: NASA. Type: Orbital Launch Site. Location: Wallops Flight Facility, Wallops Island, Virginia. Latitude: 37°50' N. Longitude: 75°29' W.
- Warren AFB. Agency: USAF. Type: ICBM Base. Location: Colorado, Nebraska, Wyoming. Latitude: 40°37' N. Longitude: 103°47' W.
- White Sands. Agency: US Army SMDC. Type: Suborbital Launch Site. Location: White Sands Missile Range, New Mexico. Latitude: 32°24' N. Longitude: 106°32' W.
- Whiteman AFB. Agency: USAF. Type: ICBM Base. Location: Missouri. Latitude: 38°16' N. Longitude: 93°26' W.
Launch Sites Operated by USA in Other Countries - Barbados. Agency: USAF. Operator: USA. Type: Orbital Launch Site. Location: Windward Islands. Latitude: 13°04' N. Longitude: 59°29' W.
- Bitburg AB. Agency: USAF. Operator: USA. Type: IRCM Base. Latitude: 49°55' N. Longitude: 6°31' E.
- Cigli. Agency: USAF/Turkish AF. Operator: USA. Type: IRBM Base. Latitude: 38°30' N. Longitude: 27°00' E.
- Comiso. Agency: USAF. Operator: USA. Type: IRCM Base. Latitude: 36°59'44" N. Longitude: 14°36'34" E.
- Florennes. Agency: USAF. Operator: USA. Type: IRCM Base. Latitude: 50°13'35" N. Longitude: 4°39'0" E.
- Gando. Agency: OSC. Operator: USA. Type: Orbital Launch Site. Location: Base Aerea de Gando, Gran Canaria. Latitude: 27°55' N. Longitude: 15°19' W.
- Gioia. Agency: USAF/Italian AF. Operator: USA. Type: IRBM Base. Latitude: 40°48' N. Longitude: 16°56' E.
- Greenham Common. Agency: USAF. Operator: USA. Type: IRCM Base. Latitude: 51°22'34" N. Longitude: 1°18'12" E.
- Hahn AB. Agency: USAF. Operator: USA. Type: IRCM Base. Latitude: 49°50' N. Longitude: 7°15' E.
- Kadena AB. Agency: USAF. Operator: USA. Type: IRCM Base. Location: Okinawa. Latitude: 26°30' N. Longitude: 127°48' E.
- Mace South Korea. Agency: US Army. Operator: USA. Type: IRCM Base. Latitude: 35°55' N. Longitude: 126°36' E.
- Mace Taiwan. Agency: US Army. Operator: USA. Type: IRCM Base. Location: Taiwan. Latitude: 24°24' N. Longitude: 120°30' E.
- Molesworth. Agency: USAF. Operator: USA. Type: IRCM Base. Latitude: 52°28'0" N. Longitude: 0°25'35" E.
- Neu Ulm. Agency: US Army. Operator: USA. Type: IRBM Base. Latitude: 48°22'40" N. Longitude: 10°0'45" E.
- Punta Lobos. Agency: NASA. Operator: USA. Type: Suborbital Launch Site. Latitude: 12°30' S. Longitude: 76°48' W.
- RAF Driffield. Agency: USAF/RAF. Operator: USA. Type: IRBM Base. Latitude: 54°00' N. Longitude: 00°27' W.
- RAF Feltwell. Agency: USAF/RAF. Operator: USA. Type: IRBM Base. Latitude: 52°29' N. Longitude: 00°32' E.
- RAF Hemswell. Agency: USAF/RAF. Operator: USA. Type: IRBM Base. Latitude: 53°24' N. Longitude: 00°35' W.
- RAF North Luffenham. Agency: USAF/RAF. Operator: USA. Type: IRBM Base. Latitude: 52°37' N. Longitude: 00°37' W.
- Schwaebisch-Gmuend. Agency: US Army. Operator: USA. Type: IRBM Base. Latitude: 48°48'54" N. Longitude: 9°48'29" E.
- Sembach AB. Agency: USAF. Operator: USA. Type: IRCM Base. Latitude: 49°31' N. Longitude: 7°48' E.
- Sierra de Juarez. Operator: USA. Type: Suborbital Launch Site. Location: Baja California. Latitude: 32°15' N. Longitude: 115°50' W.
- Sonde Stromfjord. Agency: USAF. Operator: USA. Type: Suborbital Launch Site. Location: Kangerlussuaq. Latitude: 67°01'23" N. Longitude: 50°35'49" W.
- Waldheide-Neckarsulm. Agency: US Army. Operator: USA. Type: IRBM Base. Latitude: 49°7'45" N. Longitude: 9°16'31" E.
- Wheelus AFB. Agency: USAF. Operator: USA. Type: IRCM Base. Location: Tripoli. Latitude: 32°48' N. Longitude: 13°06' E.
- Woensdrecht. Agency: USAF. Operator: USA. Type: IRCM Base. Latitude: 51°26'12" N. Longitude: 4°21'15" E.
- Wueschheim. Agency: USAF. Operator: USA. Type: IRCM Base. Latitude: 50°2'33" N. Longitude: 7°25'6" E.
Rockets Developed in USA - AAAM. - air-to-air missile - Advanced Air-to-Air Missile. USN, canceled
- AACB Class 1. - winged orbital launch vehicle - Status: Study 1966. In 1965-1966 NASA and the Department of Defense jointly studied two-stage-to-orbit reusable launch vehicles as a follow-on to existing expendable launchers. Following review of the three classes of alternative approaches, it was recommended that the immediate goal of the United States should be development of a partially reusable 'Class I' launch vehicle, which could be available by 1975 and would be competitive with existing expendable boosters. A fully reusable vehicle should only be pursued at a later date.
- AACB Class 2. - winged orbital launch vehicle - Status: Study 1966. The AACB Class II launch vehicle was a fully reusable, two-stage-to-orbit launch vehicle. Both stages would be lifting bodies and be powered by Lox/LH2 engines. The system would be operational by 1978 and place 9,100 kg of payload in orbit.
- AACB Class 3. - winged orbital launch vehicle - Status: Study 1966. The AACB Class III launch vehicle was an advanced concept use air-breathing stages, but still requiring two stages to achieve orbit. The joint NASA/USAF panel concluded that the technology did not yet exist to develop this concept, so it was only regarded as an option by 1982 at the earliest.
- ACES. - surface-to-air missile - SDIO/BMDO project, follow on to Arrow
- ACM. - intermediate range cruise missile - Advanced Cruise Missile, strategic nuclear role with B-52. Improved, low-observable ALCM.
- ADATS LOS-F-H. - surface-to-air missile - Air-Defence Anti-Tank System Line-Of-Sight, US Army, canceled
- ADKEM. - anti-tank missile - Advanced Kinetic Energy Missile, US Army
- Advanced Scout. - all-solid orbital launch vehicle - Status: Study 1993. Proposed upgrade of Scout proposed by the University of Rome with two strap-ons from the Ariane 4. Launch would have been from Italy's San Marco platform off Kenya. Further work cancelled in 1993.
- Aerobee. - sounding rocket - Status: Out of production. In late 1945 James Van Allen was assigned by John Hopkins University to survey sounding rocket requirements for upper atmosphere research. The V-2 was found to be too heavy and complex. In 1946 Van Allen decided that what was needed was a small rocket, derived from the Aerojet Wac Corporal and the Bumblebee missile developed under a US Navy program. This combination of an Aerojet booster and a Bumblebee second stage was dubbed the Aerobee. Aerobees were launched for 53 m tall launch towers to provide the necessary stability until enough speed had been gained for the fins to be effective in controlling the rocket. Launch towers were built at White Sands, Fort Churchill, Wallops Island, and aboard the research ship USN Norton Sound. The Aerobee could take 68 kg to 130 km altitude.
- Aerobee 150. - sounding rocket - 2 stage vehicle consisting of 1 x Aerobee Booster + 1 x Aerobee 150
- Aerobee 170. - sounding rocket - Two stage sounding rocket consisting of a solid Nike booster paired with an Aerobee 150 liquid-propellant second stage.
- Aerobee 200. - sounding rocket - 2 stage vehicle consisting of 1 x Nike + 1 x AJ60-92
- Aerobee 300. - sounding rocket - The Aerobee 300, also called the Sparrowbee, consisted of an Aerobee 150 or Aerobee 180 lower stage with a 20 cm diameter Sparrow rocket as an upper stage. The Sparrow would ignite at 35 km altitude at 53 seconds into the flight, and boost the payload to 10,000 kph, allowing it to coast up to 420 km apogee. The rocket was designed for studies of the sun above the atmosphere and was only fired from Fort Churchill (the White Sands range was too small to cover the possible impact points of the high-altitude rocket).
- Aerobee 350. - sounding rocket - In March 1957 an Aerojet engineer conceived of the 'ultimate Aerobee', with the body diameter increased to 46 cm diameter and powered by four engines. The design found no takers until it was pitched to NASA in 1961 and development was authorised. The final configuration selected used a Nike Ajax missile booster, 56 cm in diameter, followed by the Aerobee 350, equipped with 4 Aerobee 150A engines. The rocket could take 65 kg to 480 km altitude or 455 kg to 240 km altitude. NASA funded the rocket in FY 1964, and the first test with a live booster and dummy upper stage took place at Wallops Island on 11 December 1964. The first all-up flight took place on 18 June 1965 and a total of twenty were subsequently flown. The 2 stage vehicle consisted of 1 x Nike + 1 x AJ60-91
- Aerobee 75. - sounding rocket - Single stage vehicle consisting of 1 x Aerobee 75
- Aerospaceplane. - winged orbital launch vehicle - Status: Development ended 1963. Development project from 1958-1963 for a horizontal takeoff / horizontal landing, single-stage-to-orbit vehicle that would carry three crew and additional paylaod from any airfield to orbit and back
- Agile. - air-to-air missile - American air-to-air missile, development started in 1969. Program cancelled in 1975.
- AGM-130. - air-to-surface missile -
- AGM-142. - air-to-surface missile - Derived from Rafael Popeye. In production for US Air Force, others.
- AGM-153. - air-to-surface missile -
- AICBM. - intercontinental ballistic missile -
- AIM-68. - air-to-surface missile - USAF project
- ait. - target missile - Vehicle for support of the USAF Airborne Intercept Technology program consisting of consisting of a Thiokol Castor IVB first stage, and a Minuteman II M57A1 second stage.
- ait-2. - target missile - Vehicle for support of the USAF Airborne Intercept Technology program consisting of a Thiokol Castor IVB or Minuteman SR19AJ1 first stage, and a Minuteman II M57A1 second stage.
- AIWS. - air-to-surface missile - Advanced Interdiction Weapon System, USN, USMC, renamed JSOW
- ALARR. - test vehicle - 2 stage vehicle consisting of 1 x F4D Phantom + 1 x Genie-Alarr
- ALCM. - air-to-surface missile -
- Aldebaran. - nuclear pulse orbital launch vehicle - Status: Design 1962. Immense nuclear pulse launch vehicle proposed by Dandridge Cole.
- ALS. - orbital launch vehicle - Status: Development ended 1988. The Advanced Launch System (ALS), was a US Air Force funded effort in 1987-1989 to develop a flexible, modular, heavy-lift, high rate space launch vehicle that could deliver payloads to earth orbit at a tenth the cost of existing boosters. Such a vehicle was seen as essential to supporting the launch of the huge numbers of satellites required for deployment of the ‘Star Wars’ ballistic missile defense system. With the end of the Cold War, Star Wars was abandoned. The projected launch rate without the Star Wars requirement could never pay back the $15 billion non recurring cost, and the program was ended.
- ALSOR. - test vehicle - 2 stage vehicle consisting of 1 x F-104A Starfighter + 1 x Viper I
- AltAir. - target missile - Single-stage launch vehicle air dropped from a C-130 consisting of a surplus Minuteman SR19 stage and a payload section.
- ALVRJ. - short range cruise missile -
- Amber 1. - drone missile - Multipurpose drone, USN, USMC
- AMRAAM. - air-to-air missile -
- AMROC IRR. - test vehicle - Single stage vehicle consisting of 1 x AMROC IRR
- AMS-H. - tactical ballistic missile - Advanced Missile System - Heavy, US Army
- Andrews ETOS. - orbital launch vehicle - Status: Design 2005. Proposed Earth-to-Orbit Segment booster for Andrews CEV architecture. Consisted of an Atlas V core, two Zenit-2 booster strap-ons, and a new-development Lox/LH2 upper stage.
- Aphrodite. - intermediate range cruise missile -
- Apollo LES. - test vehicle - Flight tests from a surface pad of the Apollo Launch Escape System using a boilerplate capsule.
- Aquarius. - sea-launched orbital launch vehicle - Status: Study 1998-2006. Proposed expendable, water launch, single-stage-to-orbit, liquid oxygen/hydrogen, low-cost launch vehicle designed to carry small bulk payloads to low earth orbit. A unique attribute was that low reliability was accepted in order to achieve low cost.
- Arcas. - sounding rocket - Single stage sounding rocket.
- Arcon. - sounding rocket - 2 stage vehicle consisting of 1 x Arcon booster + 1 x Arcon
- Ares. - winged orbital launch vehicle - Status: In development. The ARES ((Affordable REsponsive Spacelift) concept was of a reusable fly-back booster with expendable upper stages. The US Air Force began development of a demonstrator in May 2005, with a first flight date of 2010. It was felt that derivatives of the concept could support all space lift requirements of the USAF.
- Ares I. - orbital launch vehicle - Status: In development. Shuttle-derived launch vehicle design selected by NASA Administrator Mike Griffin to boost the manned CEV Crew Exploration Vehicle into low earth orbit. A single five-segment version of the shuttle solid rocket booster would be mated with a Lox/LH2 upper stage powered by a single J-2S engine.
- Ares ICBM. - intercontinental ballistic missile - Status: Development ended 1964. The Ares single-stage, liquid-propellant ICBM was the objective of propulsion studies at both Aerojet and Rocketdyne.
- Ares Mars Direct. - orbital launch vehicle - Status: Design 1991. The Ares launch vehicle was designed for support of Zubrin's Mars Direct expedition. It was a shuttle-derived design taking maximum advantage of existing hardware. It would use shuttle Advanced Solid Rocket Boosters, a modified shuttle external tank for handling vertically-mounted payloads, and a new Lox/LH2 third stage for trans-Mars or trans-lunar injection of the payload. Ares would put 121 tonnes into a 300 km circular orbit , boost 59 tonnes toward the moon or 47 tonnes toward Mars. Without the upper stage 75 tonnes could be placed in low earth orbit.
- Ares V. - orbital launch vehicle - Status: In development. NASA baseline heavy-lift vehicle to renew manned lunar exploration by 2020.
- Argo. - sounding rocket - Status: Out of production. Argo sounding rockets measured radiation caused by the Project Argus high altitude nuclear explosions. The missiles reached 800 km altitude, launched from Wallops Island, AMR, and Ramey AFB, Puerto Rico.
- Argus. - sounding rocket - Status: Out of production. NASA Bios (biological investigation of space).
- Aries. - target missile - Space Vector Corporation developed and flew the Aries test vehicle (based on the Minuteman 1 second stage) for Strategic Defence Initiative payloads.
- ARM-I. - air-to-surface missile - USN project
- ARS. - sounding rocket - The ARS-2 was an improvement by the American Interplanetary Socity of the German Mirak design. It used liquid oxygen and gasoline propellants, and was successfully launched on 14 May 1933. Successive rockets refined the design.
- ASALM. - air-to-surface missile - Advanced Strategic Air- Launched Missile. Canceled
- ASAT. - anti-satellite missile - The ASAT air-launched anti-satellite missile was developed by Vought in response to a 1977 Air Force requirement for a missile that could be launched from an F-15A fighter yet was capable of intercepting and destroying enemy satellites in low earth orbit. Four of five tests were successful before the program was cancelled in 1988.
- ASCAMP. - sounding rocket - 2 stage vehicle consisting of 1 x Asp + 1 x RTV Motor
- ASLAM. - intermediate range cruise missile - Advanced Stand-off Land Attack Missile. Stealth cruise missile, fired from standard MLRS rocket launchers. Submunition warhead.
- ASMT. - target drone - Anti-Ship Missile Target, USN project, canceled 1973. Also refered to as ZBQ-90A.
- Asp. - sounding rocket - Status: Out of production. Sounding rocket originally designed for the US Navy Bureeau of Ships to sample the mushroom clouds of nuclear explosions.
- Asp Apache. - sounding rocket - 2 stage vehicle consisting of 1 x Asp + 1 x Apache
- ASROC. - anti-submarine missile - Anti Submarine ROCket.
- Astrid. - test vehicle - Single stage vehicle to demonstrate laser-pumped propulsion.
- Astro IV. - orbital launch vehicle - Status: Study 1961. A two-stage all-Lox/LH2 vehicle proposed for the USAF SLV-4 requirement. Ruled out because it did not use the large segmented solids then favored by the USAF and its think tanks.
- Astrobee 1500. - sounding rocket - Three stage vehicle consisting of 2 x Recruit + 1 x Aerojet Jr + 1 x Alcor
- Astrobee 200. - sounding rocket - 2 stage vehicle consisting of 1 x Genie + 1 x Alcor
- Astrobee 500. - sounding rocket - 3 stage vehicle consisting of 1 x Genie + 1 x Alcor + 1 x Asp
- Astrobee D. - sounding rocket - Single stage vehicle consisting of 1 x Astrobee D
- Astrobee F. - sounding rocket - Single stage solid-fueled dual-thrust rocket replacement for the Aerobee 150.
- Astroliner. - winged orbital launch vehicle - Status: Design 2002. The Kelly Space & Technology Astroliner Space Launch System was a two-stage-to-orbit, towed space launch concept. Towing an aerodynamic vehicle to an altitude of 6,000 m yielded higher system performance due to vacuum engine performance, reduced drag and gravity losses, and aerodynamic lift during flight. After separation from the 747 towing aircraft at 6,000 m and Mach 0.8, the Astroliner would boost itself to 2750 m/s and 110 km altitude before releasing an expendable upper stage (4.2 m diameter x 7.6 m long) and payload (4.85 meter diameter x 7.56 meter long). The upper stage was capable of delivering a 5,000 kg payload into a 185 km 28.5° orbit at a cost per launch of $ 22 million - 40% of the cost of existing launchers.
- Astroplane. - winged orbital launch vehicle - Status: Design 1961. Martin concept of 1961 for a horizontal takeoff / horizontal landing, single-stage-to-orbit vehicle that would be powered by nuclear magnetohydrodynamic engines.
- ATACMS. - short range ballistic missile -
- Athena. - test vehicle - The Athena was designed to simulate the re-entry environment of an intercontinental ballistic missile and was one of the few examples of sustained interstate missile tests within the United States. The project was begun in February 1964 with the first of several hundred launches from Green River, Utah, to impact points in the US Army's White Sands Missile Range in New Mexico. The vehicle would reach altitudes of over 300 km and peak velocities of 6700 m/s on a trajectory that would lead to impact 760 km from the launch point. By August 1965 85 flights had been completed in a series of 149 that was to run to 1969. The US Army ran the instrumented test range while the USAF Space and Missile Systems Organization was the program manager.
- Athena H. - test vehicle - 4 stage vehicle consisting of 4 x Recruit + 1 x Castor 4 + 1 x Antares 2 + 1 x Alcor IA
- Athena-1. - all-solid orbital launch vehicle - Status: Out of production. Privately funded solid propellant satellite launch vehicle. Basic version with Castor 120 first stage, Orbus second stage, and OAM Orbital Adjustment Module. Formerly LMLV (Lockheed-Martin Launch Vehicle); LLV (Lockheed Launch Vehicle) .
- Athena-2. - all-solid orbital launch vehicle - Status: Out of production. Privately funded solid propellant satellite launch vehicle. Basic version with Castor 120 first stage, Castor 120 second stage, Orbus third stage, and OAM Orbital Adjustment Module. Formerly LMLV 2 (Lockheed-Martin Launch Vehicle); LLV 2 (Lockheed Launch Vehicle) .
- Athena-3. - all-solid orbital launch vehicle - Status: Out of production. Planned but never flown heavier-lift version of Athena. Formerly LMLV 3 (Lockheed-Martin Launch Vehicle); LLV 3 (Lockheed Launch Vehicle) - privately funded satellite launch vehicle.
- Atlas / Agena D SLV-3A. - orbital launch vehicle - Status: Out of production. Uprated Atlas booster with Agena D upper stage.
- Atlas A. - intermediate range ballistic missile - Status: Out of production. First test model of Atlas ICBM. Two booster engines, no sustainer, dummy warhead. 50% reliability in 8 flight tests.
- Atlas Able. - orbital launch vehicle - Status: Out of production. Atlas with upper stage based on Vanguard second stage.
- Atlas B. - intercontinental ballistic missile - Status: Out of production. First all-up version of Atlas ICBM, with jettisonable booster engines and single engine sustainer on core. '1 1/2' stage launch vehicle.
- Atlas C. - intercontinental ballistic missile - Status: Out of production. Last development version of Atlas. Never deployed operationally or used for space launches.
- Atlas Centaur LV-3C. - orbital launch vehicle - Status: Out of production. First test version of Atlas with Centaur upper stage.
- Atlas Centaur SLV-3C. - orbital launch vehicle - Status: Out of production. Standardised SLV-3C Atlas booster with Centaur D upper stage.
- Atlas Centaur SLV-3D. - orbital launch vehicle - Status: Out of production. Fully developed version of Atlas with Centaur D-1A upper stage.
- Atlas D. - intercontinental ballistic missile - Rocket used both as a space launcher and ICBM.
- Atlas E. - intercontinental ballistic missile - Status: Out of production. Initial fully operational version of Atlas ICBM. Differed in guidance system from Atlas F. Deployed as missiles from 1960 to 1966. After retirement, the ICBM's were refurbished and used over twenty years as space launch vehicles.
- Atlas F. - intercontinental ballistic missile - Status: Out of production. Final operational version of Atlas ICBM. Differed in guidance systems. Deployed as missiles from 1961 to 1966. After retirement, the ICBM's were refurbished and used over twenty years as space launch vehicles.
- Atlas G. - orbital launch vehicle - Status: Out of production. Atlas-Centaur launch vehicles using stretched, uprated Atlas core.
- Atlas H. - orbital launch vehicle - Status: Out of production. Atlas H used the Atlas first stage developed for the Atlas G vehicle. It was flown without the Centaur upper stage.
- Atlas I. - orbital launch vehicle - Status: Out of production. The Atlas I launch vehicle was derived from the Atlas G, and included the same basic vehicle components (Atlas booster and Centaur upper stage). Significant improvements in the guidance and control system were made with an emphasis on replacing analog flight control components with digital units interconnected with a digital data bus. The first flight of an Atlas I was on July 25, 1990. Originally, 18 Atlas I vehicles were planned for manufacture. With the award by the USAF to General Dynamics of the MLV-II vehicle development contract for the Atlas II launch vehicle, the Atlas program rescoped Atlas I production commitments to 11 vehicles and converted the remaining commitments to the Atlas II/IIA/IIAS production effort.
- Atlas II. - orbital launch vehicle - Status: Out of production. The Atlas II booster was 2.7-meters longer than an Atlas I and included uprated Rocketdyne MA-5A engines. The Atlas I vernier engines were replaced with a hydrazine roll control system. The Centaur stage was stretched 0.9-meters compared to the Centaur I stage. Fixed foam insulation replaced Atlas I's jettisonable insulation panels. The original Atlas II model was developed to support the United States Air Force Medium Launch Vehicle II program. Its Centaur used RL10A-3-3A engines operating at an increased mixture ratio. The first Atlas II flew on 7 December 1991, successfully delivering AC-102/Eutelsat II F3 to orbit.
- Atlas IIA. - orbital launch vehicle - Status: Out of production. The Atlas II booster was 2.7-meters longer than an Atlas I and included uprated Rocketdyne MA-5A engines. The Atlas I vernier engines were replaced with a hydrazine roll control system. The Centaur stage was stretched 0.9-meters compared to the Centaur I stage. Fixed foam insulation replaced Atlas I's jettisonable insulation panels. Atlas IIA was a commercial derivative of the Atlas II developed for the US Air Force. Higher performance RL10A-4 (or RL10A-4-1) engines replaced Atlas II's RL10A-3-3A engines. RL10A-4 and RL10A-4-1 engines were offered with or without extendable nozzles (Extendible nozzles increased the engines specific impulse, providing additional performance if required). AC-105 / INTELSAT-K, launched 9 June 1992, inaugurated Atlas IIA series flights.
- Atlas IIAS. - orbital launch vehicle - Status: Out of production. The Atlas II booster was 2.7-meters longer than the Atlas I and included uprated Rocketdyne MA-5A engines. The Atlas I vernier engines were replaced with a hydrazine roll control system. The Centaur stage was stretched 0.9-meters compared to the Centaur I stage. Fixed foam insulation replaced Atlas I's jettisonable insulation panels. Higher performance RL10A-4 or RL10A-4-1 engines replaced Atlas II's RL10A-3-3A. The Atlas IIAS model added four Thiokol Castor IVA solid rocket boosters (SRBs) to the core Atlas stage to augment thrust for the first two minutes of flight.
- Atlas IIIA. - orbital launch vehicle - Status: Out of production. The Atlas IIIA was a development of the Atlas using Russian engines in place of the Rocketdyne MA-5 booster/sustainer group used on all previous models. It was the centerpiece of Lockheed Martin's strategy to remain a leader in the commercial launch services industry. However customers never materialized, and it was used for only two launches in 2002-2004 before being replaced by the Atlas V.
- Atlas IIIB. - orbital launch vehicle - Status: Out of production. This was the first version of the Atlas to fly using Russian RD-180 engines; and the last version to fly using the original balloon-tank concept for the first stage. It differed from the Atlas IIIA in use of a stretched, two-engine upper stage, and had a brief three-year operational career in 2002-2005 before being superseded by the Atlas V.
- Atlas LV-3A / Agena A. - orbital launch vehicle - Status: Out of production. Atlas D + 1 x Agena A upper stage. Agena originally called 'Hustler', based on engine for cancelled rocket-propelled nuclear warhead pod for B-58 Hustler bomber.
- Atlas LV-3A / Agena B. - orbital launch vehicle - Status: Out of production. Atlas D with improved, enlarged Agena upper stage.
- Atlas LV-3A / Agena D. - orbital launch vehicle - Status: Out of production. Atlas D with further improved and lightened Agena upper stage.
- Atlas LV-3B / Mercury. - orbital launch vehicle - Status: Out of production. Atlas D modified for use in Project Mercury.
- Atlas V. - orbital launch vehicle - Status: In production. The Atlas V launch vehicle system is based on the 3.8-m (12.5-ft) diameter Common Core Booster (CCB) powered by a single RD-180 engine. When combined with a standard Atlas payload fairing, the configuration is part of the Atlas V 400 series. The Atlas V 500 series combines the CCB with a larger and 5 m diameter payload fairing derived from that used on the Ariane 5 vehicle The Atlas V 500 series can also tailor performance by incorporating from zero to five solid rocket boosters (SRB).
Both Atlas V 400 and 500 configurations incorporate a stretched version of the Centaur upper stage (CIII), which can be configured as a single-engine Centaur (SEC) or a dual engine Centaur (DEC). The Atlas V family of launch vehicles can be launched from either Cape Canaveral Air Station Launch Complex 41 or Vandenberg Air Force Base Space Launch Complex 3W.
- Atlas V Growth Phase 1. - orbital launch vehicle - Status: Design 2003. Proposed growth variant of the heavy-lift version of the Atlas V launch vehicle with three parallel 3.8-m-diameter Common Core Boosters (CCB), a 5-m-diameter wide body version of the Centaur upper stage with a single-engine, and a 5 m diameter payload fairing. Another variant would use a stretched wide body version of the Centaur upper stage with 2 or 4 motors, allowing payloads of up to 13,500 kg to be lofted to earth escape velocity.
- Atlas V Growth Phase 2. - orbital launch vehicle - Status: Design 2003. Proposed growth variant of the heavy-lift version of the Atlas V launch vehicle with three parallel 5-m-diameter wide-body Common Core Boosters (CCB), each with 1 or 2 RD-180 engines; a 5-m-diameter new Lox/LH2 stage with 2 or 4 engines with a total thrust of 180,000 kgf; and a 5 m diameter payload fairing.
- Atlas V Growth Phase 3. - orbital launch vehicle - Status: Design 2003. Proposed Saturn-V class variant of the heavy-lift version of the Atlas V launch vehicle with five parallel 5-m-diameter wide-body Common Core Boosters (CCB), each with 1 or 2 RD-180 engines; a 7-m-diameter new Lox/LH2 stage; and a 7 m diameter payload fairing.
- Atlas V Heavy. - orbital launch vehicle - Status: Design 2003. Heavy-lift version of the Atlas V launch vehicle system with three parallel 3.8-m-diameter Common Core Boosters (CCB), a stretched version of the Centaur upper stage (CIII), which can be configured as a single-engine Centaur (SEC) or a dual engine Centaur (DEC), and a 5 m diameter payload fairing. As of 2004 no work had been authorised to build Atlas V Heavy facilities at either Cape Canaveral or Vandenberg AFB.
- Atlas Vega. - orbital launch vehicle - Status: Development ended 1959. Atlas-Vega consisted of an Atlas booster with a storable propellant upper stage. It was planned by NASA at its inception for deep space and planetary missions before the Atlas Centaur was available. Work had already begun when NASA discovered that the CIA and the US Air Force had an essentially identical launch vehicle (Atlas-Hustler, later called Atlas-Agena) in development for the highly classified Corona reconnaisance satellite program. Atlas-Vega was accordingly cancelled.
- ATV. - VTOVL orbital launch vehicle - Status: Design 1972. George Detko of NASA's Marshall Space Flight Center produced designs for SSTO vehicles as early as 1960. The expendable vehicle had a gross listoff mass of only 22 tonnes, and could deliver a two-person crew to orbit.
- Avenger. - surface-to-air missile - SAM project, 8 IR-homing Stinger on 4x4 vehicle
- Banshee. - intercontinental cruise missile - Cruise missile version of B-29 bomber
- Barbarian MDD. - orbital launch vehicle - Status: Study 1987. Proposed launch vehicle for large SDI 'Star Wars' payloads. Expected to cost $ 400-500 million, the Barbarian could place the Zenith-Star chemical laser into low earth orbit. It would consist of 3 Shuttle SRM's, attached around a ring of six Delta RS-27 first stage boosters, which in turn clustered around a single Delta first stage booster that was the last stage of the launch vehicle.
- Barbarian MM. - orbital launch vehicle - Status: Study 1986. The Zenith Star space-based chemical laser missile defence weapon required a launch vehicle capable of placing a 45,000 kg payload into low earth orbit. Martin and Aerojet turned to their work 20 years earlier on advanced Titans for the MOL program. These earlier studies were combined with new concepts for tank construction and materials. The Martin Barbarian was a 4.57 m diameter Titan vehicle (instead of the customary 3.05 m) with four LR-87 engines on the first stage, and a single LR-87 engine on the second stage. Another variant reportedly consisted of 5 Titan 4 SRM's, clustered around a 5.8 m diameter core. This core would use 5 LR-87 engines, with tankage fabricated on Shuttle external tank tooling. The third stage would utilize a single LR87 engine. Expected cost of the Barbarian per launch was expected to be $ 400-500 million.
- BAT. - anti-tank missile - Brilliant Anti Tank missile, dispenses antiarmor submunitions
- Beal BA-2. - low cost orbital launch vehicle - Status: Development ended 2000. The Beal Aerospace BA-2 was a privately-financed heavy-lift commercial launch vehicle that used innovative technical solutions to achieve low cost to orbit. It harkened back to the low-cost Truax Sea Dragon or TRW 'Big Dumb Booster' concepts of the 1960's but added several new twists. Beal abandoned the project at the end of 2000 after the collapse of the MEO satellite market and active measures by NASA to support other, competing, more high-tech projects by the major aerospace contractors.
- BGM-110. - intermediate range cruise missile - Losing design in Sea-Launched Cruise Missile competition. Nuclear warhead version with warhead mass of 120 kg.
- Black Colt. - winged orbital launch vehicle - Status: Study 1993. Winged, first stage of a launch vehicle using aerial refueling and existing engines. Takes off from runway; rendezvous with tanker to load oxidizer; then flies to Mach 12/150 nm to release Star 48V second stage and 450 kg payload. In comparison to Black Horse, uses existing engines and a much more achievable mass fraction by only flying to half orbital speed.
- Black Horse. - winged orbital launch vehicle - Status: Study 1993. Winged, single stage to orbit launch vehicle using aerial refueling and lower performance, non-cryogenic propellants. Takes off from runway at 22,000 kg gross weight; rendezvous with tanker to load 66,760 kg oxidizer; then flies to orbit.
- Blue Eye. - air-to-surface missile - Radar-homing
- Blue Scout 1. - suborbital launch vehicle - Status: Out of production. Air Force version of Scout used for suborbital tests. 3 stage vehicle consisting of 1 x Algol 1 + 1 x Castor + 1 x Antares
- Blue Scout 2. - all-solid orbital launch vehicle - Status: Out of production. Air Force version of Scout used for suborbital and orbital military tests. 4 stage vehicle consisting of 1 x Algol 1 + 1 x Castor + 1 x Antares + 1 x Altair
- Blue Scout Junior. - suborbital launch vehicle - Status: Out of production. Smaller Air Force version of Scout used for suborbital military tests.
- Boeing EELV. - orbital launch vehicle - Status: Design 1992. Boeing EELV as proposed in 1992.
- Boeing SDV. - orbital launch vehicle - Status: Study 1977. The Boeing SDV Class I vehicle would lead to the Shuttle-C, using the shuttle aft fuselage with SSME engines to power a cargo canister into orbit.
- Boeing SPS SSTO. - VTOVL orbital launch vehicle - Status: Design 1977. In 1977 Boeing produced a vehicle design for a 227 tonne payload vertical takeoff launch vehicle to be used to launch components for the huge Satellite Solar Power platforms that NASA was promoting at the time. The booster would launch from the edge of a water-filled man-made lagoon and recover in the lagoon and used a water-cooled heat shield for reentry.
- Bold Orion. - anti-ballistic missile - Anti-ballistic missile, air-launched from a B-47 Stratojet, consisting of a Sergeant booster and an Altair upper stage.
- Bomarc. - surface-to-air missile - Status: Out of production. Bomarc Mach 3 ramjet surface to air missile later converted to target missiles and launched from Vandenberg AFB.
- Boojum. - intercontinental cruise missile - Status: Design 1949. Intercontinental supersonic cruise missile. A follow-on to the Snark that was Northrop's competitor with the North American Navaho. Never reached development stage and no details available. Name obviously derived from the punchline of Lewis Carroll's poem: "...for the Snark was a Boojum, you see..."
- Boosted Arcas. - sounding rocket - 2 stage vehicle consisting of a booster + 1 x Arcas second stage.
- Boosted Dart. - sounding rocket - Single stage vehicle consisting of 1 x Loki-Dart
- BQ-1-BQ-2. - intermediate range cruise missile -
- BQ-3. - intermediate range cruise missile -
- BQ-4-TDR. - intermediate range cruise missile -
- BQ-8. - intermediate range cruise missile -
- Brave 3000. - drone missile - Multi-purpose drone, USAF
- Brazo. - air-to-air missile - American guided missile, full scale development begun 1974, project cancelled in 1978.
- BTDS. - anti-ballistic missile - SDIO/BMDO project, Baseline Terminal Defense System (ex-LoADS), with Sentry
- Bulldog. - air-to-surface missile - American air-to-surface missile, development started in 1969. Program cancelled in 1974.
- Bullpup. - air-to-surface missile -
- Bullpup Apache. - sounding rocket - 2 stage vehicle consisting of 1 x Bullpup + 1 x Apache
- Bullpup Cajun. - sounding rocket - 2 stage vehicle consisting of 1 x Bullpup + 1 x Cajun
- Cajun. - sounding rocket - Status: Out of production. The Cajun research rocket was developed as a dimensionally-similar but higher performance successor to the Deacon.
- Cajun Dart. - sounding rocket - Single stage vehicle consisting of 1 x Cajun
- Caleb. - orbital launch vehicle - Status: Out of production. Heavily classifed project related to air-launched ASAT development. Launch tests in 1958. NOTS project staff believed they successully orbited a satellite but unconfirmed.
- Castor 4B. - sounding rocket - Single stage vehicle consisting of 1 x Castor 4B
- Castor Lance. - sounding rocket - 2 stage vehicle consisting of 1 x Castor + 1 x Lance
- Castor-Orbus. - sounding rocket - Vehicle consisting 1 x Castor + 1 x Orbus 1, sometimes augmented with a Recruit booster stage.
- Castor-Recruit. - sounding rocket - 2 stage vehicle consisting of 1 x Castor + 1 x Recruit
- Chandelle. - air-to-air missile - Cancelled 1970
- Chinese Supergun. - short range ballistic missile - In January 1995 the Chinese army unveiled a 21 m long supergun capable of firing large artillery shells into South Korea and Taiwan. The gun could fire 85 mm shells over a 300 km range. Nothing further was heard of the weapon. Interestingly, China was one of the countries that retained Gerard Bull as a consultant in artillery design in the 1980's. It would seem that the supergun retained its military appeal as a psychological weapon or in anti-satellite applications.
- CleanSweep III. - test vehicle - Single stage vehicle consisting of 1 x Sword
- CM-30-3. - drone missile - Multi-purpose drone, USN, US Army
- Conestoga. - low cost orbital launch vehicle - Status: Out of production. Commercial launch vehicle.
- Conestoga 1620. - all-solid orbital launch vehicle - Status: Out of production. 4 stage vehicle consisting of 4 x Castor 4B + 2 x Castor 4B + 1 x Castor 4B + 1 x Star 48V
- Copper Canyon. - winged orbital launch vehicle - Status: Development ended 1984. DARPA program of 1984 that proved the technologies and concept for the X-30 National Aerospace Plane concept.
- Copperhead. - anti-tank missile - Laser-guided, range: 16 km, warhead: 6.4 kg, shot with 155 mm howitzer
- Corporal. - short range ballistic missile - Status: Out of production. At request of Army Ordnance, Cal Tech's rocket laboratory developed the first US long-range missiles. Project ORDCIT resulted in development of the Private A and Corporal missiles.
- CORPS SAM. - surface-to-air missile - US Army project, shot with 155 mm howitzer, Corps Surface to Air Missile
- Corvus. - air-to-surface missile - American air-to-surface missile, development started in 1954. Program cancelled in 1960. Max warhead weight 450 kg.
- Crossbow. - air-to-surface missile - American air-to-surface missile, development started in 1957. Program cancelled in 1958.
- CSXT GoFast. - sounding rocket - First American civilian sounding rocket to reach outer space.
- D-21. - drone - Project 'Tagboard', Project 'Senior Bowl'. Mach 3.5 ramjet recoverable reconnaisance drone air-launched from back of A-12 or with booster rocket from B-52.
- DAC Helios. - nuclear orbital launch vehicle - Status: Study 1963. Nuclear, recoverable upper stage boosted above atmosphere by minimum chemical stage. Douglas/Bono design approach to same concept as Convair/Ehricke Helios.
- DAC Helios ISI. - nuclear orbital launch vehicle - Status: Study 1963. Nuclear, recoverable upper stage boosted above atmosphere by minimum chemical stage. Improved Specific Impulse chemical stage used many engines feeding into single large nozzle. Douglas/Bono design approach to same concept as Convair/Ehricke Helios.
- Dac Roc. - sounding rocket - Single stage vehicle consisting of 1 x Dac Roc
- Dart. - tactical ballistic missile - American surface-to-surface ballistic missile, development started in 1952. Program cancelled in 1958.
- DC-X. - VTOVL test vehicle - Status: Out of production. The DC-X was an experimental vehicle, 1/3 the size of a planned DC-Y vertical-takeoff/vertical-landing, single stage to orbit prototype. It was not designed as an operational vehicle capable of achieving orbital flight. Its purpose was to test the feasibility of both suborbital and orbital reusable launch vehicles using the VTOVL scheme. The DC-X flew in three test series. The first series ran from August 18 to September 30, 1993, before the initial project funding ran out in late October 1993. Additional funding was provided and a second series was conducted June 1994-July 1995.
- DC-X2. - VTOVL orbital launch vehicle - Status: Study 1993. Proposed intermediate 1/2 scale test vehicle between DC-X and DC-Y orbital version. No government agency was willing to fund the $450 million development cost -- and neither were any private investors.
- DC-Y. - VTOVL orbital launch vehicle - Status: Study 1993. The ultimate goal of the Delta Clipper program, a prototype reusable single-stage to orbit, vertical takeoff/vertical landing space truck. The DC-I Delta Clipper would be the full production version. No government sponsor could be found for the concept and the $ 5 billion development cost was never funded. If it had been funded in 1991, the first DC-Y suborbital flight was predicted for 1995, and a first orbital mission in 1997.
- Deacon. - sounding rocket - Status: Out of production. The Deacon was an advanced solid rocket motor design cancelled at the end of World War II. In 1947 NACA began using reworked surplus motors to boost instrumented subscale aircraft models to speeds of up to Mach 4. They became a workhorse for the Agency's aerodynamic research, resulting in new production. Thousands were flown, until, by the end of the 1950's, supersonic wind tunnels took over the job.
- Deacon Arrow II. - sounding rocket - 2 stage vehicle consisting of 1 x Deacon + 1 x Arrow II
- Deacon HVAR. - sounding rocket - 2 stage vehicle consisting of 1 x Deacon + 1 x HVAR
- Deacon Judi. - sounding rocket - 2 stage vehicle consisting of 1 x Deacon + 1 x Judi III
- Deacon Sidewinder. - sounding rocket - 2 stage vehicle consisting of 1 x Deacon + 1 x HPAG
- Delta. - orbital launch vehicle - Status: Out of production. Commercial name for the military's Thor-Delta. The name of the Delta second stage eventually was applied to subsequent commercial follow-ons.
- Delta 0100. - orbital launch vehicle - Status: Out of production. The military Thor-Delta vehicles were developed into the first of a series of commercial satellite launch vehicles. The Delta 0100 series featured Castor 2 solid propellant strap-ons and a Long Tank Thor core with MB-3 engine.
- Delta 1000. - orbital launch vehicle - Status: Out of production. The Delta 1000 series used Castor 2 strap-ons and the Extended Long Tank core with MB-3 engine.
- Delta 2000. - orbital launch vehicle - Status: Out of production. The Delta 2000 series used Castor 2 strap-ons together with an Extended Long Tank core equipped with the more powerful RS-27 engine. This engine was derived from surplus H-1 engines intended for the Saturn IB booster of the Apollo programme. The Delta P upper stage used surplus Apollo lunar module engines.
- Delta 3. - orbital launch vehicle - Status: Out of production. Delta 3 was an attempt by the manufacturer to provide the ultimate development of the original Delta booster. The core vehicle was beefed-up to accomodate much larger solid rocket boosters and a new cryogenic upper stage. However problems were incurred during development, resulting in the first two launches being failures. Meanwhile the satellite launch market crashed and the new vehicle was left without customers. The venerable Delta 7925 soldiered on for NASA, and the new Delta 4 series captured the USAF EELV requirement.
- Delta 3000. - orbital launch vehicle - Status: Out of production. The Delta 3000 series upgraded the boosters to Castor 4 solid propellant strap-ons, while retaining the Extended Long Tank core with RS-27 engine. The 3910 series used the TRW Lunar Module engine in the second stage, while the 3920 series reintroduced the Aerojet AJ110 Delta engine.
- Delta 4000. - orbital launch vehicle - Status: Out of production. The Delta 4000 series used more powerful Castor 4A strap-ons, but the old Extended Long Tank core with MB-3 engine. Only two of these were launched.
- Delta 5000. - orbital launch vehicle - Status: Out of production. The Delta 5000 series used the more powerful Castor 4A strap-ons but with the Extended Long Tank core with RS-27 engine. Only one was launched.
- Delta 6000. - orbital launch vehicle - Status: Out of production. The Delta 6000 series used the Castor 4A strap-ons with the ultimate Extra Extended Long Tank core with RS-27 engine.
- Delta 7000. - orbital launch vehicle - Status: In production. The Delta 7000 series used GEM-40 strap-ons with the Extra Extended Long Tank core, further upgraded with the RS-27A engine.
- Delta 7000H. - - Version of Delta 7000 using much larger GEM 46 solid rocket motors originally developed for the Delta 3.
- Delta A. - orbital launch vehicle - Status: Out of production. 3 stage vehicle consisting of 1 x Thor DM-21 + 1 x AJ10-118 + 1 x Altair
- Delta B. - orbital launch vehicle - Status: Out of production. 3 stage vehicle consisting of 1 x Thor DM-21 + 1 x AJ10-118A + 1 x Altair
- Delta C. - orbital launch vehicle - Status: Out of production. Unaugmented Thor with Delta D and solid propellant upper stages.
- Delta D. - orbital launch vehicle - Status: Out of production. 4 stage vehicle consisting of 3 x Castor + 1 x Thor DSV-2C + 1 x Delta D + 1 x Altair 2
- Delta Dart. - drone - Target drone conversion of 65 modified surplus F-102A fighter.
- Delta E. - orbital launch vehicle - Status: Out of production. Thor augmented with 3 x Castor 2 motors with Delta E and FW-4D or other upper stages.
- Delta G. - orbital launch vehicle - Status: Out of production. 3 stage vehicle consisting of 3 x Castor + 1 x Thor DSV-2C + 1 x Delta E
- Delta IV Heavy. - orbital launch vehicle - Status: In production. Heavy lift all-cryogenic launch vehicle using two Delta-4 core vehicles as first stage flanking a single core vehicle as second stage. A heavy upper stage is carried with a 5 m diameter payload fairing.
- Delta IV Heavy Upgrade 30 t. - orbital launch vehicle - Status: Study 2004. Upgrade to Delta IV Heavy by adding 4 GEM-60 solid rocket boosters. 6.5 m diameter payload fairing. Introduction would require modifications to existing launch pads.
- Delta IV Heavy Upgrade 35 t. - orbital launch vehicle - Status: Study 2004. Upgrade to Delta IV Heavy by adding RS-68B upgraded engines to the core vehicles and an AUS-60 upper stage powered by 2 MB-45 or RL-45 20 tonne thrust Lox/LH2 engines. 6.5 m diameter payload fairing. Introduction would require modifications to existing launch pads.
- Delta IV Heavy Upgrade 40 t. - orbital launch vehicle - Status: Study 2004. Upgrade to Delta IV Heavy by adding 4 GEM-60 solid rocket boosters, RS-68 Regen upgraded engines with regeneratively-cooled nozzles to the core vehicles, and cryogenic propellant densification. 6.5 m diameter payload fairing. Introduction would require modifications to existing launch pads.
- Delta IV Heavy Upgrade 42 t. - orbital launch vehicle - Status: Study 2004. Upgrade to Delta IV Heavy by adding new RS-800 engines to the core vehicles, an AUS-60 upper stage powered by 2 MB-60 or RL-60 27 tonne thrust Lox/LH2 engines, and aluminium-lithium lightweight alloy in place of the existing aluminium in all stages. 6.5 m diameter payload fairing. Introduction would require modifications to existing launch pads.
- Delta IV Heavy Upgrade 43 t. - orbital launch vehicle - Status: Study 2004. Upgrade to Delta IV Heavy by adding 4 GEM-60 solid rocket boosters, RS-68 Regen upgraded engines with regeneratively-cooled nozzles to the core vehicles, cryogenic propellant densification, and an AUS-60 upper stage powered by 1 MB-60 or RL-60 27 tonne thrust Lox/LH2 engine. 6.5 m diameter payload fairing. Introduction would require modifications to existing launch pads.
- Delta IV Heavy Upgrade 45 t. - orbital launch vehicle - Status: Study 2004. Upgrade to Delta IV Heavy by adding 6 GEM-60 solid rocket boosters, RS-68B upgraded engines to the core vehicles, and an AUS-60 upper stage powered by 1 MB-60 or RL-60 27 tonne thrust Lox/LH2 engine. 6.5 m diameter payload fairing. Introduction would require modifications to existing launch pads.
- Delta IV Heavy Upgrade 48 t. - orbital launch vehicle - Status: Study 2004. Upgrade to Delta IV Heavy by adding 4 GEM-60 solid rocket boosters, RS-68 Regen upgraded engines with regeneratively-cooled nozzles to the core vehicles, cryogenic propellant densification, and cryogenic propellant cross-feed between the strap-ons and core. 6.5 m diameter payload fairing. Introduction would require modifications to existing launch pads.
- Delta IV Heavy Upgrade 53 t. - orbital launch vehicle - Status: Study 2004. Upgrade to Delta IV Heavy by clustering five common booster modules, using an AUS-60 upper stage powered by 2 MB-60 or RL-60 27 tonne thrust Lox/LH2 engines, and aluminium-lithium lightweight alloy in place of the existing aluminium in all stages. Payload fairings over 6.5 m diameter could be accomodated. Introduction would require new launch pads and booster assembly infrastructure.
- Delta IV Heavy Upgrade 67 t. - orbital launch vehicle - Status: Study 2004. Upgrade to Delta IV Heavy by clustering seven common booster modules, and using an AUS-60 upper stage powered by 2 MB-60 or RL-60 27 tonne thrust Lox/LH2 engines. A payload fairing over 6.5 m diameter could be accomodated. Introduction would require new launch pads and booster assembly infrastructure.
- Delta IV Heavy Upgrade 70 t. - orbital launch vehicle - Status: Study 2004. Upgrade to Delta IV Heavy by clustering seven common booster modules, using an AUS-60 upper stage powered by 3 MB-60 or RL-60 27 tonne thrust Lox/LH2 engines. A payload fairing over 6.5 m diameter could be accomodated. Introduction would require new launch pads and booster assembly infrastructure.
- Delta IV Heavy Upgrade 76 t. - orbital launch vehicle - Status: Study 2004. Upgrade to Delta IV Heavy by clustering seven common booster modules, using an AUS-60 upper stage powered by 3 MB-60 or RL-60 27 tonne thrust Lox/LH2 engines, and aluminium-lithium lightweight alloy in place of the existing aluminium in all stages. Payload fairings over 6.5 m diameter could be accomodated. Introduction would require new launch pads and booster assembly infrastructure.
- Delta IV Heavy Upgrade 87 t. - orbital launch vehicle - Status: Study 2004. Upgrade to Delta IV Heavy by clustering seven common booster modules, using a new RS-800K engine in the booster stages, and an AUS-60 27 tonne thrust Lox/LH2 upper stage. Payload fairings over 6.5 m diameter could be accomodated. Introduction would require new launch pads and booster assembly infrastructure.
- Delta IV Heavy Upgrade 94 t. - orbital launch vehicle - Status: Study 2004. Upgrade to Delta IV Heavy by clustering seven common booster modules, using a new RS-800K engine in the booster stages, an AUS-60 upper stage powered by 4 MB-60 or RL-60 27 tonne thrust Lox/LH2 engines, and aluminium-lithium lightweight alloy in place of the existing aluminium in all stages. Payload fairings over 6.5 m diameter could be accomodated. Introduction would require new launch pads and booster assembly infrastructure.
- Delta IV Medium. - orbital launch vehicle - Status: In production. Basic Delta-4 vehicle with no strap-ons, the core vehicle, and RL10B-1 upper stage with a 4 m diameter payload fairing. World's first all-cryogenic launch vehicle.
- Delta IV Medium+ (4.2). - orbital launch vehicle - Status: In production. As Delta 4 medium but with 2 x GEM-60 solid rocket boosters and a 4 m diameter payload fairing.
- Delta IV Medium+ (5.2). - orbital launch vehicle - Status: In production. As Delta 4 medium but with 2 x GEM-60 solid rocket boosters and a 5 m diameter payload fairing.
- Delta IV Medium+ (5.4). - orbital launch vehicle - Status: In production. As Delta 4 medium but with 4 x GEM-60 solid rocket boosters and a 5 m diameter payload fairing.
- Delta IV Small. - orbital launch vehicle - Status: In production. Light launch vehicle using the Delta-4 core with the traditional Delta K and PAM-D upper stages. 2 m diameter payload fairing.
- Delta J. - orbital launch vehicle - Status: Out of production. 4 stage vehicle consisting of 3 x Castor + 1 x Thor DSV-2C + 1 x Delta E + 1 x Star 37D
- Delta L. - orbital launch vehicle - Status: Out of production. 4 stage vehicle consisting of 3 x Castor 2 + 1 x LT Thor DSV-2L-1B + 1 x Delta E + 1 x FW4D
- Delta M. - orbital launch vehicle - Status: Out of production. Long Tank Thor augmented with 3-6 Castor 2 boosters and Delta E / Burner 2 upper stages.
- Delta N. - orbital launch vehicle - Status: Out of production. Long Tank Thor augmented with 3-6 Castor 2 boosters and Delta E upper stage.
- Diver. - anti-submarine missile -
- Dolphin. - low cost test vehicle - The Dolphin hybrid rocket (solid fuel and liquid oxygen oxidizer) was built by Starstruck (formerly ARC Technology), a predecessor to AMROC. The Dolphin included not only innovative propulsion technology but was also launched from a floating launch cannister at sea. One test article of the hybrid was successfully launched in the summer of 1984. But the project was backed entirely with private funds and when backing for further development was not forthcoming, the project folded.
- Doorknob. - test vehicle - Vehicle using rocket stages from Lacrosse missile.
- DOT. - sounding rocket - 3 stage vehicle consisting of 2 x Recruit + 1 x Castor + 1 x Star 26C
- Double Cajun T40. - sounding rocket - 2 stage vehicle consisting of 2 x Cajun + 1 x T-40
- Double Deacon. - sounding rocket - Single stage vehicles consisting of 2 Deacon motors.
- Double FFAR. - sounding rocket - 2 stage vehicle consisting of 1 x Mk7 + 1 x Mk7
- Douglas Astro. - winged orbital launch vehicle - Status: Study 1962. The Douglas "Astro" was a VTHL TSTO system designed for launching space station crews and cargo by the 1968-70 period. A key requirement was that off-the-shelf technologies must be used, e.g. existing M-1, J-2 and RL-10 engines from the Saturn and Nova expendable launch vehicle programs.
- Douglas HATV. - orbital launch vehicle - Status: Design 1946. The Douglas HATV design of 1946 was laid out by the supreme lightweight aircraft designer Ed Heinemann. He saw no obstacles to a single-stage-to-orbit vehicle, using the correct design approach.
- Dove. - air-to-surface missile - American air-to-surface missile, development started in 1949. Program cancelled in 1955.
- Draco. - sounding rocket - 2 stage vehicle consisting of 1 x TX-20 Sergeant + 1 x TX-30
- DRM1. - orbital launch vehicle - Status: Study 1991. The Mars Design Reference Mission version 1.0 studied a number of heavy-lift boosters capable of lofting more than 200 tonnes into low earth orbit. The Red Team recommended configuration was an NLS / shuttle-derived vehicle with F-1A powered liquid rocket boosters.
- Eagle. - air-to-air missile - American air-to-air missile, development started in 1959. Program cancelled in 1961.
- Eagle Eye. - drone missile - Tiltrotor UAV, price: estimated $500.000
- Eaglet. - orbital launch vehicle - Status: Study 2001-2006. E'Prime Aerospace of Titusville, Florida, conceived of a family of launch vehicles, called the Eagle S-series, using rocket stages from the LGM-118A Peacekeeper ICBM. The smallest vehicle, the Eaglet, could launch 580 kilograms into LEO. A somewhat larger version, the Eagle, could put 1,360 kilograms into LEO. Both vehicles would use Peacekeeper solid propellant lower stages and liquid propellant upper stages.
- EDIN05. - winged orbital launch vehicle - Status: Study 1976. In February 1976 this version of the shuttle was proposed. A single liquid rocket booster under the external tank would replace the two solid rocket boosters.
- EFOGM. - surface-to-air missile -
- ERINT. - anti-ballistic missile - Extended-Range Interceptor, Patriot improvements, SDIO/BMDO project
- ERIS. - anti-ballistic missile - Flight test vehicle for Exoatmospheric Re-Entry Interceptor Subsystem, an anti-ballistic missile hit-to-kill interceptor warhead. The ERIS vehicle itself consisted of surplus Minuteman ICBM second and third stages. Lockheed was awarded a five year contract in November 1985 worth at that time $ 490 million that included integration of the rocket. Four test vehicles were built. First launch was made on 28 January 1991 from Kwajalein Atoll against an Aries sounding rocket. A second test on 13 March 1992 against a Minuteman I was considered successful enough that no further tests were planned. Further develoment of the technology was to be accomplished by the Orbital Sciences' Aries test vehicle with spectacularly poor results. 2 stage vehicle consisting of 1 x M56A1 + 1 x M57A1
- ESSM. - surface-to-air missile -
- Excalibur. - orbital launch vehicle - Status: Design 1992. Excalibur was a subscale version of Sea Dragon proposed by Truax Engineering in the 1990's. It featured the same attributes as Sea Dragon: low cost design (pressure fed engines), Lox/Kerosene first stage (combustion chamber pressure 24 atmospheres) and Lox/LH2 second stage (chamber pressure 5 atmospheres). Guidance would be by a combined Inertial/GPS system. An even smaller Excalibur S vehicle would prove the concept and place 500 kg in orbit.
- Excalibur Model S. - orbital launch vehicle - Status: Design 1998. Two recoverable pressure-fed stages.
- Exdrone. - drone - Low-cost surveillance UAV, price: $5,000. Dry mass Weight: 15 kg, with tanks for 18 kg of fuel. Payloads 2.3 kg colour television camera or 10 - 30 W VHF-jammer. Endurance up to 7 hours. 6 hp piston engine.
- Exos. - sounding rocket - 3 stage vehicle consisting of 1 x M-6 + 1 x Nike + 1 x Recruit
- Exploration HLLV. - orbital launch vehicle - Status: Study 1989. Numerous NASA studies in the late 1980's and 1990's came to the same conclusion as the Nova studies of the 1960's - to get to Mars, an extremely heavy lift launch vehicle was needed to assemble Mars expeditions in low earth orbit. A nominal heavy list vehicle with a payload of at least 140 tonnes into a Space Station Freedom orbit would have to be developed for such missions.
- F6F-5K. - intermediate range cruise missile -
- Falcon. - air-to-air missile -
- Falcon 9. - orbital launch vehicle - Status: In development. In September 2006 SpaceX was named as one of two winners of the NASA Commercial Orbital Transportation Services competition. The SpaceX award was $278 million for three flight demonstrations of the Falcon 9 booster carrying the Dragon space capsule. These were to occur in 2009.
- Falcon AIM-47A. - air-to-air missile - Cancelled 1965 for YF-12. Semi-active / active-radarguided active-radarguided.
- Falcon I. - orbital launch vehicle - Status: In production. Falcon I was a two stage, reusable, liquid oxygen and kerosene powered launch vehicle. A single engine powered the first stage. It was designed for cost-efficient and reliable transport of satellites to low Earth orbit. First launch of the Falcon I was scheduled for mid-2004 from Vandenberg, carrying a US Defense Department communications satellite. Development delays and problems with USAF clearances for launch from Vandenberg resulted in the first launch attempt being made in 2006 from a private facility at Omelek near Kwajalein atoll in the Pacific.
- Falcon SLV. - orbital launch vehicle - Status: Development 2004. Lockheed Martin all-hybrid propulsion, mobile orbital launch system that could launch from an unimproved site with limited infrastructure on 24 hours notice, placing up to 840 kilograms into LEO
- Falcon V. - orbital launch vehicle - Status: In development. Falcon V was a two stage, reusable, liquid oxygen and kerosene powered launch vehicle. The maiden flight was targeted for mid-2005 as of early 2004. It used of the same engines, structural materials and concepts, and avionics and launch system as the Falcon I, differing in having five first-stage engines instead of 1 and a larger diameter. This meant that all the critical components would have a flight proven history even before first launch. By 2006 first launch of the Falcon I had been unsuccessful, and SpaceX had received a contract for the even larger Falcon 9 from NASA. It seemed the Falcon V would be leapfrogged and perhaps never fly...
- Farside. - sounding rocket - Project Farside was an attempt to reach extreme altitudes with the rockoon concept. Using a four-stage solid-propellant rocket hung below a 106 188-m3 (3 750 000-ft3) balloon, altitudes approaching 6437 km (4000 mi) were reached during the fall of 1957. Farside was a four stage vehicle consisting of 4 x Recruit + 1 x Recruit + 4 x Arrow II + 1 x Arrow II
- FFAR. - air-to-air rocket - Folding-Fin Air Rocket, boosted by 1 x Mk7. Unguided fighter weapon, later used as sounding rocket.
- Firebird. - air-to-air missile - Cancelled 1955
- Firebrand. - target drone - Anti-ship Missile Target,
- Focus. - air-to-surface missile - Warhead: conventional
- GAPA. - surface-to-air missile -
- GBI. - target missile - 3 stage vehicle consisting of 1 x GEM-40 + 1 x Orbus 1 + 1 x Orbus 1
- GBU-15. - air-to-surface missile - Unpowered, extended-range modular guided glide weapon.
- Genie. - air-to-air rocket -
- GMD/BV-Plus. - anti-ballistic missile - Three-stage booster for use with the Missile Defense Agency's Ground-based Midcourse Defense System. Built by Lockheed Martin Corp., the booster was one of two slated for
use with the GMD system. The system was designed to intercept and destroy long-range ballistic missiles.
- Goddard 1. - test vehicle - Status: Out of production. Rocket used by Goddard to achieve the first flight of a liquid-propellant rocket.
- Goddard 2. - test vehicle - Status: Out of production. After several tests indicating the model was too small to permit refinements, Goddard decided to build a rocket twenty-fold larger. During 1926 a new tower was built, and flow regulators, multiple liquid injection into large combustion chambers, means for measurement of pressure and lifting force, electrically fired igniter, and turntable for rotation were developed.
- Goddard 3. - test vehicle - Status: Out of production. First instrumented liquid fuel rocket. Length 11 ft 6 in.; maximum diameter 26 in.; weight 32 lb; gasoline 14 lb; liquid oxygen 11 lb; total loaded weight 57 lb.
- Goddard 4. - test vehicle - Status: Out of production. Goddard rocket using pressure-fed Lox/Gasoline propellants, streamline casing, and remote control guidance. Masses varied; typical values indicated.
- Goddard A. - test vehicle - Status: Out of production. The A series rockets used simple pressure feed, gyroscopic control by means of vanes, and parachute. The rockets in this series averaged in length from 4.11 m to 4.65 m.; their weight empty varied from 26 kg to 39 kg.
- Goddard K. - test vehicle - Status: Out of production. This consisted of ten proving-stand tests for the development of a more powerful motor, 10 in. in diameter. Weight of rocket, about 225 lb; weight of fuels, 50-70 lb for the series.
- Goddard L-A. - test vehicle - Status: Out of production. Tests of the Goddard L Section A covered development of a nitrogen-pressured flight rocket using 10 in, motors based on the K series and ran from May 11 to November 7, 1936 (L1-L7). Length of the L Series Section A rockets varied from 10 ft 11 in, to 13 ft 6 1/2 in.; diameter 18 in.; empty weight 120 to 202 lb; loaded weight 295 to 360 lb; weight oxygen about 78 lb; weight gasoline 84 lb; weight nitrogen, 4 lb.
- Goddard L-B. - test vehicle - Status: Out of production. The L-B series were check tests of 5.75-in.-diameter chambers with fuels of various volatilities; development of tilting cap parachute release; tests of various forms of exposed movable air vanes; test of retractable air vanes and parachute with heavy shroud lines. The series ran from November 24, 1930-May 19, 1937 (L8-L15). Final results of Section B of L Series showed two proving-stand tests, and six flight test attempts, all of which resulted in flights. Average interval between tests 22 days.
- Goddard L-C. - test vehicle - Status: Out of production. Series L Section C rockets included light tank construction, movable-tailpiece (i.e. gimbal) steering, catapult launching, and further development of liquid nitrogen tank pressure method. Lengths varied from 17 ft 4.25 in. to 18 ft 5.75 in.; diameter 9 in., weight empty varied from 80 to 109 lb; loaded weight about 170 lb or more; lift of static tests varied from 228 lb to 477 lb; jet velocities from 3960 to 5340 ft/sec.
- Goddard P-C. - test vehicle - Status: Out of production. Section C tests would run through October 10, 1941 and represent the final Goddard rocket flight tests. The series of twenty-four static and flight tests (P13-P36) was made with rockets of large fuel capacity, with the rocket motor, pumps, and turbines previously developed. These rockets averaged nearly 22 ft in length, and were 18 in, in diameter. They weighed empty from 190 to 240 lb. The liquid-oxygen load averaged about 140 lb, the gasoline 112 lb, making "quarter-ton" loaded rockets.
- Gommersall. - VTOVL orbital launch vehicle - Status: Design 1970. Edward Gomersall of NASA's Ames Research Center produced a conservative design for an SSTO in 1970. His vehicle was based on realistic structural technology and used a derivative of the J-2S engine.
- Goose. - decoy - American surface-launched drone, development started in 1955. Program cancelled in 1958.
- GQM-93. - drone - Serial No. 01287
- Grebe. - anti-submarine missile -
- Gryphon. - winged orbital launch vehicle - Status: Study 2005. Winged, horizontal-takeoff/horizontal concept space booster concept using an Air Collection and Enrichment System to generate liquid oxygen oxidiser from the atmosphere after takeoff. An upper rocket stage would deliver a crewed orbiter or payload to orbit.
- HALE. - drone missile - High-Altitude - Long- Endurance, Condor UAV.
- HARM. - anti-radar missile -
- Harpoon. - short range cruise missile -
- Have Lite. - drone missile - 'Have Lite', lighter version of AGM-142 Popeye, later Project 'Have Nap'
- Hawk. - surface-to-air missile -
- Heavy Lift Carrier 2008. - orbital launch vehicle - Status: Design 2004. ATK Thiokol concept corresponding to earlier Shuttle-C proposals. The shuttle orbiter is replaced by a 6.5 m diameter x 25 m long cargo container, powered by two Space Shuttle main engines. Availability would be three to four years after go-ahead.
- Heavy Lift Carrier 2011. - orbital launch vehicle - Status: Design 2004. ATK Thiokol concept for a shuttle-derived heavy lift vehicle. The shuttle orbiter would be replaced by a 6.5 m diameter x 35 m long cargo container, powered by three Space Shuttle main engines. The shuttle RSRM motors would have a fifth segment added, and the External Tank would be stretched to 56 m long. Availability would be six years after go-ahead.
- Heavy Lift Carrier 2015. - orbital launch vehicle - Status: Design 2004. ATK Thiokol concept for a shuttle-derived heavy lift vehicle with a lift equivalent to the Saturn V. The radical reconfiguration would put all elements in-line. Four SSME engines would be at the base of a stretched external tank, flanked by two shuttle RSRM motors with a fifth segment added. Atop this would be an 8.7 m diameter Lox/LH2 stage, followed by a 10-m diameter payload fairing. Availability would be ten years after go-ahead.
- HEDI. - anti-ballistic missile - 2 stage vehicle consisting of 1 x X-265 + 1 x X-271
- Helios A. - nuclear orbital launch vehicle - Status: Study 1960. Study by Kraft Ehricke of a vehicle where the booster stage contains Lox tanks only to take nuclear second stage to stratosphere. Nuclear sustainer takes payload to orbit or escape trajectory.
- Helios B. - nuclear orbital launch vehicle - Status: Study 1960. Study by Kraft Ehricke of a vehicle where the booster stage contains Lox tanks only to take nuclear second stage to stratosphere. Nuclear sustainer takes payload to orbit or escape trajectory.
- Helios C. - nuclear orbital launch vehicle - Status: Study 1960. Study by Kraft Ehricke of a vehicle where the booster stage contains Lox tanks only to take nuclear second stage to stratosphere. Nuclear sustainer takes payload to orbit or escape trajectory.
- Hera. - target missile - Two stage vehicle used as a target for test of anti-ballistic missile systems. The vehicle consisted of surplus Minuteman 2 second and third stages (SR19AJ1 + M57A1).
- Hermes. - short range ballistic missile - Status: Out of production. Hermes was a major US Army project to implement German rocket technology after World War II. Development started in 1944 with award to General Electric as the prime contractor. The program was cancelled in 1954 after $ 96.4 million had been spent. Most of this was for nought since the Air Force received the long-range missile assignment in the end.
The designs ran the gamut from short range solid propellant rockets through Mach 3 ramjets to intercontinental boost-glide vehicles. General Electric was also responsible for firing captured German V-2 rockets, training Army personnel in their use, and the Bumper project which created a two-stage vehicle using a V-2 and a WAC-Corporal. See individual entries for the Hermes A-1, Hermes A-3, Hermes B-1, and Hermes C.
- Hermes A-1. - tactical ballistic missile - The Army Hermes A-1 single stage test rocket was an American version of the German Wasserfall anti-aircraft rocket.
- Hermes A-2. - short range ballistic missile - The Army Hermes A-2 single stage test rocket proved the technology of large solid rocket motors as developed by H L Thackwell at Thiokol. But the Army preferred to have further development done in-house and JPL was selected to develop the Sergeant rocket. In addition to the flight tests, a total of 22 motors were static fired, including one after seven years of storage.
- Hermes A-3. - short range ballistic missile - Prototype of a single-stage liquid propellant tactical Army missile. Two versions test flown but abandoned in favour of the Redstone in-house design.
- Hermes B-1. - intermediate range cruise missile - Test vehicle for Hermes II Mach 3 ramjet cruise missile. The modified V-2 merely acted as a booster for the 'Ram' second stage.
- Hermes C1. - tactical ballistic missile - The Hermes C1 was a clustered-engine intercontinental ballistic missile proposed by General Electric in June 1946. It was eventually down-scoped to a single-engine tactical missile, which flew as the Redstone in 1953.
- HIBEX. - anti-ballistic missile - Hibex was a 5.2 m long test vehicle used by the Army in a series of research experiments investigating high performance missile boosters. During mid-1960's experimental flights at White Sands, Hibex was fired successfully from underground cells and above-ground launch sites. The HIBEX program was part of the Advanced Research Projects Agency's Project Defender, a study of ballistic missile defense systems. HIBEX was designed for low level intercept of entry vehicles below 3 km altitude within 2 seconds of launch. Hibex' neutron-generating warhead would disable the fissile core of the incoming enemey re-entry vehicle. It would also kill all living things within a 5 km radius of detonation. This concept was further developed into the production Sprint missile for close-in anti-ballistic missile defense.
- High Virgo WS199C. - test vehicle - 2 stage vehicle consisting of 1 x B-58 Hustler + 1 x TX-20 Sergeant
- HJ. - sounding rocket - Single stage vehicle consisting of 1 x M-6
- HJ Hydac. - sounding rocket - 2 stage vehicle consisting of 1 x M-6 + 1 x Hydac
- HJ Javelin. - sounding rocket - NASA/Canadian four-stage sounding rocket could reach altitudes of 850 km. 2 stage vehicle consisting of 1 x M-6 + 1 x Javelin 3
- HJ Nike. - sounding rocket - 2 stage vehicle consisting of 1 x M-6 + 1 x Nike
- HJ Nike Gosling. - sounding rocket - 3 stage vehicle consisting of 1 x M-6 + 1 x Nike + 1 x Gosling
- HJ Nike Hydac. - sounding rocket - 3 stage vehicle consisting of 1 x M-6 + 1 x Nike + 1 x Hydac
- HJ Nike Javelin. - sounding rocket - 3 stage vehicle consisting of 1 x M-6 + 1 x Nike + 1 x Javelin 3
- HJ Nike Nike. - sounding rocket - 3 stage vehicle consisting of 1 x M-6 + 1 x Nike + 1 x Nike
- HJ Nike Nike 20"SM. - sounding rocket - 4 stage vehicle consisting of 1 x M-6 + 1 x Nike + 1 x Nike + 1 x Cygnus 20
- HJ Nike Nike Recruit. - sounding rocket - 4 stage vehicle consisting of 1 x M-6 + 1 x Nike + 1 x Nike + 1 x Recruit
- HJ Nike Nike Recruit T55. - sounding rocket - 5 stage vehicle consisting of 1 x M-6 + 1 x Nike + 1 x Nike + 1 x Recruit + 1 x T-55
- HJ Nike T40. - sounding rocket - 3 stage vehicle consisting of 1 x M-6 + 1 x Nike + 1 x T-40
- HJ Nike T40 T55. - sounding rocket - 4 stage vehicle consisting of 1 x M-6 + 1 x Nike + 1 x T-40 + 1 x T-55
- HJ Nike Tri-Deacon T40. - sounding rocket - 4 stage vehicle consisting of 1 x M-6 + 1 x Nike + 3 x Deacon + 1 x T-40
- HJ Orion. - sounding rocket - 2 stage vehicle consisting of 1 x M-6 + 1 x Orion
- HOE. - anti-ballistic missile - Two stage vehicle used to test the Homing Overlay Experiment anti-ballistic missile kill vehicle. The booster was assembled by Space Vector Corporation from surplus Minuteman-2 motors consisting of 1 x M55E1 + 1 x M56A1.
- Honest John. - tactical ballistic rocket - Status: Out of production. US Army missile from Douglas Aircraft.
- Hopi Dart. - sounding rocket - Single stage vehicle consisting of 1 x Hopi III
- Hound Dog. - intermediate range cruise missile - Single stage vehicle consisting of 1 x Hound Dog
- HPAG. - sounding rocket - Single stage vehicle consisting of 1 x HPAG
- HPAG Deacon. - sounding rocket - 2 stage vehicles consisting of HPAG boosters + 1 x Deacon
- HPB. - sounding rocket - 2 stage vehicle consisting of 1 x Talos + 1 x M56A1
- HVAR. - air-to-air rocket - High-Velocity Air Rocket. An unguided fighter weapon, it was later adapted for use by NACA in the early 1950's to boost subscale aerodynamic models to supersonic speed.
- HVAR FFAR. - sounding rocket - 2 stage vehicle consisting of 1 x HVAR + 1 x Mk7
- HVM. - anti-tank missile -
- Hyper X. - test vehicle - 2 stage vehicle consisting of 1 x NB-52 + 1 x Orion 50S
- Hyperion. - nuclear orbital launch vehicle - Status: Study 1959. Hyperion was considered in 1958 as a ca. 1970 Saturn follow-on. It used a small jettisonable chemical booster stage that contained chemical engines and the LOX oxidizer for the conventional engines. This booster stage surrounded the nuclear core vehicle with its large liquid hydrogen tank. The conventional stage would draw fuel from the main hydrogen tank until burnout. Hyperion would have doubled the translunar trajectory performance of the Saturn V and less than one third of the liftoff mass.
- Hyperion SSTO. - VTOVL orbital launch vehicle - Status: Study 1968. Yet another of Philip Bono's single-stage-to-orbit designs of the 1960's, using a plug-nozzle engine for ascent and as a re-entry heat shield. Hyperion would have taken 18,100 kg of payload or 110 passengers to orbit or on 45 minute flights to any point on earth. Hyperion used a sled for launch, which would have seriously hurt its utility. The sled gave a 300 m/s boost to the vehicle before it ascended to orbit. The sled would have 3 km of straight course, followed by 1 km up a mountainside, with a 3 G acceleration.
- HYSR. - sounding rocket - Hybrid single stage rocket intended to replace multiple-stage sounding rockets.
- IHLLV. - orbital launch vehicle - Status: Study 1980. Same concept as Shuttle C. Shuttle orbiter replaced by recoverable pod with shuttle main engines and payload cannister. Quick way for US to obtain heavy payload capability and reduce shuttle cost per kg to orbit by 3 X.
- Improved Orion. - sounding rocket - Unguided solid propellant single stage rocket using a military surplus M112 Hawk rocket motor. The motor was a dual thrust burner with a boost phase of 5 seconds and a sustainer phase of approximately 21 seconds. The rocket accelerated the payload then for 26 seconds with peak acceleration during the boost phase of 21g. A payload mass of 100 kg could be carried to an apogee of approximately 110 km.
- Industrial Launch Vehicle. - low cost orbital launch vehicle - Status: Design 1988. Low-cost hybrid launch vehicle proposed by AMROC in the 1980's.
- Iris. - sounding rocket - Status: Out of production. Sounding rocket developed by Navy, then handed over to NASA. Flown only four times, but then used in unique Hydra-Iris test series.
- Isinglass. - - CIA air-launched, rocket-powered high speed manned vehicle project of 1965-1968 that developed basic technologies used in later shuttle and reusable launch vehicle programmes.
- Ithacus. - VTOVL orbital launch vehicle - Status: Study 1966. An adaptation of Phillip Bono's enormous ROMBUS plug-nozzle semi-single-stage-orbit launch vehicle as a 1,200 soldier intercontinental troop transport!! The recoverable vehicle would re-enter, using its actively-cooled plug nozzle as a heat shield.
- Jaguar. - test vehicle - Three stage vehicle air launched from a B-57A Canberra. The rocket consisted of consisting of 3 x Recruit + 1 x Recruit + 1 x Baby Sergeant
- Jarvis. - orbital launch vehicle - Status: Study 1985. Launch vehicle planned for Pacific launch based on Saturn V engines, tooling. Masses, payload estimated.
- Jason. - sounding rocket - The five-stage Jason rocket was developed by the US Air Force for monitoring of radiation in near-earth space (700-800 km) after high altitude nuclear explosions.
- JASSM AGM-158. - air-to-surface missile - Joint air-to-surface standoff missile, US Air Force & Navy.
- JATO. - sounding rocket - JATO (Jet Assisted Take-Off) rockets came in many types and were used to shorten the takeoff of aircraft in short field or overload conditions. They were among the first practical applications of rocketry, and much early development of rocket technology by JPL, Aerojet, Goddard, and others was devoted to JATO applications.
- Javelin. - sounding rocket - Status: Out of production. The four-stage Javelin rocket was originally developed by the Air Force to replace its Jason rocket with the mission of measuring radiation in space after high-altitude nuclear explosions. It was subsequently used by NASA for a variety of high-altitude near-space scientific experiments.
- Javelin FGM-148A. - surface-to-air missile - In production for US Army, US Marines.
- JDAM. - air-to-surface missile - Joint Direct Attack Missile, Range: about 25 km, price: $40,000 - $50,000
- Journeyman. - sounding rocket - 5 stage vehicle of the Argo series consisting of 2 x Recruit + 1 x Sergeant + 1 x Lance + 1 x Lance + 1 x Altair
- JSOW. - air-to-surface missile - Joint Stand-Off Weapon. Can be loaded with many different loads (warheads from 230 to 450 kg) and different seekers.
- JUAV-LR. - drone missile - Joint Unmaned Aerial Vehicle - Long Range
- JUAV-SR. - drone - Joint Unmaned Aerial Vehicle - Short Range
- Judi-Dart. - sounding rocket - Single stage vehicle consisting of 1 x Judi I
- Jules Verne Launcher. - orbital launch vehicle - Status: Design 1996. Following the failure of the US government to fund further development of the SHARP light gas gun, John Hunter founded the Jules Verne Launcher Company in 1996 in an attempt to fund commercial development of the concept.
The company planned to first build a prototype Micro Launcher system. This would fire 1.3 mm projectiles (barely visible to the naked eye) and demonstrate several new technologies, including the use of three pairs of supplemental gas injectors along the barrel (as used in the Oberth gun and V-3). The full-scale gun would be bored into a mountain in Alaska for launches into high-inclination orbits. The gun would have a muzzle velocity of 7 km/second and fire 5,000 kg projectiles. The payload would be 1.7 m in diameter and 9 m long. Following burn of the rocket motor aboard the projetile, a net payload of 3300 kg would be placed into low earth orbit.
- Jupiter. - intermediate range ballistic missile - The Jupiter IRBM was developed for the US Army. By the time development was complete, the mission and the missile was assigned to the US Air Force, which had its own nearly identical missile, the Thor. Jupiters were stationed in Turkey and Italy in the early 1960's, but withdrawn in secret exchange for the withdrawal of Soviet R-5 missiles from Cuba. The Jupiter was used as the first stage of the relatively unsuccessful Juno II launch vehicle, and proposed for the Juno III and Juno IV. Jupiter tooling and engines were used to build the much larger Juno V / Saturn I launch vehicle.
- Kisha Judi. - sounding rocket - 2 stage vehicle consisting of 1 x Kisha + 1 x Judi III
- Kistler K-1. - VTOVL orbital launch vehicle - Status: In development. The Kistler K-1 was a reusable two-stage launch vehicle developed by a prestigious team of ex-Apollo managers, designed originally for launch of Iridium-class communications satellites to medium altitude earth orbit. Kistler began development but had to file for Chapter 11 protection before detailed hardware fabrication was completed. It emerged from bankruptcy in 2005, and merged with suborbital startup Rocketplane to form Rocketplane Kistler. On 8 November 2006, it was announced that Alliant Techsystems, as lead contractor, would complete the K-1 launch vehicle, with Rocketplane Kistler as a subcontractor, under NASA's Commercial Orbital Transportation Services (COTS) program.
- Kitty. - sounding rocket -
- Kiva/Hopi. - sounding rocket - 2 stage vehicle consisting of 1 x Kiva + 1 x Hopi
- Lacrosse. - tactical ballistic missile -
- Lance. - short range ballistic missile -
- LANDSS. - drone - Lightweight Advanced Night/Day Surveillance System, Calere III. DARPA program 1976
- Lark. - surface-to-air missile - Status: Out of production. Lark missile.
- LASM. - short range ballistic missile -
- LCEHV. - drone missile - Low-Cost Expendable Harassement Vehicle. E-75 drone and LMSC drone, USAF program 1977/1978,
- LCLV. - low cost orbital launch vehicle - Status: Study 1968. As a result of TRW's review of the Truax/Aerojet Sea Dragon, TRW became so interested in the concept that they undertook studies of their own, which resulted in a design that became known as the 'Big Dumb Booster'. They proposed structural approaches that were even more conservative than Aerojet's, e.g., the use of T-180 steel instead of maraging steel, which would result in even heavier and cheaper tankage. TRW finally obtained USAF funding for fabrication of stage sections and demonstration of scaled-up versions of the TRW pump-fed Apollo Lunar Module ascent engine. The design promised low cost access to space using low technology (steel stages built to low tolerances in shipyards, pressure-fed engines, and low cost storable propellants). But yet again neither NASA or USAF showed interest in true cheap access to space.
- LCLV Sounding Rocket. - sounding rocket - 3 stage vehicle consisting of 1 x Talos + 1 x Sergeant + 1 x M57A1
- LEAP. - anti-ballistic missile - Lightweight Exo- Atmospheric Projectile. SDIO/BMDO project
- Liberty. - low cost orbital launch vehicle - Status: Development ended 1988. Private commercial launch vehicle.
- LIM-100. - anti-ballistic missile - According to some sources, Q-100 designation was not used to avoid confusion with target drone conversion of surplus F-100 fighter.
- LIM-99. - anti-ballistic missile -
- Little Joe. - test vehicle - Status: Out of production. Little Joe was used to test the Mercury capsule launch escape system. The booster was designed by NASA Langley using existing components. Four Thiokol Castor-I H series solid rocket motors were mounted in an aerodynamic finned fairing built by North American.
- Little Joe II. - test vehicle - Status: Out of production. Used to launch Apollo Command Module and Launch Escape System in LES tests.
- LoADS. - surface-to-air missile - Low-Altitude Defense System, BTDS, SDIO/BMDO project
- Lobber. - surface-to-surface - Status: Developed 1955-1956. In 1955 Convair undertook a small R&D program to develop a resupply missile that would deliver supplies and communications equipment to surrounded or isolated Army field units.
- Lockheed RTTOCV. - winged orbital launch vehicle - Status: Study 1963. In June 1962, NASA’s Marshall Space Flight Center awarded an 18-month contract worth $428,000 to Lockheed for studying a "Reusable Ten-Ton Orbital Carrier Vehicle." The goal was to develop a ten-passenger HTHL TSTO spaceplane that "should be compatible with the philosophy used in the development of supersonic commercial jet aircraft and should offer a potential commercial application in the late 1970s, such as operating the vehicle over global distances for surface-to-surface transport of cargo and personnel." Lockheed’s initial HTHL TSTO spaceplane concept from 1963 was an outgrowth of an earlier USAF study with Hughes. The fully reusable orbiter would have been carried by a sled-launched booster rocket rocketplane.
- Loki. - sounding rocket - Status: Out of production. American unguided solid-propellant barrage anti-aircraft rocket adapted to use as a meteorological sounding rocket.
- Loon. - short range cruise missile -
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