Luna 2 / E-1A Credit - NASA

First probe to impact lunar surface. Delivered a pennant to the surface of the Moon and conducted research during flight to the Moon.

Mass: 387 kg (853 lb). Associated Launch Vehicle: Luna 8K72.

• 1959 June 18 - Luna failure - inertial system failed at T+153 seconds - Program: Luna. Launch Site: Baikonur. Launch Vehicle: Soyuz. FAILURE: Inertial system failed at 153 seconds after launch. Vehicle destroyed by range safety.

• 1959 September 12 - Luna 2 - Program: Luna. Launch Site: Baikonur. Launch Vehicle: Soyuz. Mass: 387 kg (853 lb).

  First probe to impact lunar surface. Delivered a pennant to the surface of the Moon and conducted research during flight to the Moon. Impacted Moon 13 Sep 1959 at 22:02:04 UT, Latitude 29.10 N, Longitude 0.00 - Palus Putredinis, east of Mare Serenitatis near the Aristides, Archimedes, and Autolycus craters. After launch and attainment of escape velocity, Luna 2 separated from its third stage, which travelled along with it towards the Moon. On 13 September the spacecraft released a bright orange cloud of sodium gas which aided in spacecraft tracking and acted as an experiment on the behavior of gas in space. On 14 September, after 33.5 hours of flight, radio signals from Luna 2 abruptly ceased, indicating it had impacted on the Moon. Some 30 minutes after Luna 2, the third stage of its rocket also impacted the Moon. The mission confirmed that the Moon had no appreciable magnetic field, and found no evidence of radiation belts at the Moon.