The Raduga-1 geosynchronous communications satellite was to have been the basis for the YeSSS-2 second generation Unified Satellite Communication System. Phase 1 of the system was to have consisted of three Raduga-1 spacecraft. The Raduga-1 was capable of communication not just with fixed earth stations, but mobile platforms as well. It was equipped with the Tor C-band transponder, working at 20, 42, and 44 GHz. Although a later generation system, Raduga-1 still used the KAUR-3 spacecraft bus. This was 3-axis stabilized using liquid propellant micro-engines to within 0.25 degrees of the earth's centre. The single-unit body was equipped with solar panels, and active liquid-gas phase-change thermoregulation system, and a corrective engine unit for making orbital adjustments. 25 square meters of solar panels provided 1280 W of power.

Typical orbit: 36025 km x 36036 km at 2 degrees inclination. Mass: 2,000 kg (4,400 lb). Associated Launch Vehicle: Proton 8K82K / 11S861.

• 1989 June 21 - Raduga 1-1 - Launch Site: Baikonur. Launch Vehicle: Proton 8K82K / 11S861. Mass: 2,000 kg (4,400 lb). Perigee: 36,147 km (22,460 mi). Apogee: 36,313 km (22,563 mi). Inclination: 8.10 deg. Period: 1,458.80 min.

  Stationed at 49 deg E; first launch of alternate Raduga design. Maintenance of telephone and telegraph radio communications. Positioned in geosynchronous orbit at 49 deg E in 1989-1992; 70 deg E in 1992-1996 As of 2 September 2001 located at 18.58 deg E drifting at 5.633 deg W per day. As of 2007 Mar 10 located at 167.42W drifting at 5.632W degrees per day.

• 1990 December 27 - Raduga 1-2 - Launch Site: Baikonur. Launch Vehicle: Proton 8K82K / 11S861. Mass: 2,000 kg (4,400 lb). Perigee: 35,781 km (22,233 mi). Apogee: 35,798 km (22,243 mi). Inclination: 1.00 deg. Period: 1,436.30 min.

  Stationed at 49 deg E; second launch of alternate Raduga design. Further expansion of the long-range telephone and telegraph radio-communications system in the territory of the USSR. Positioned in geosynchronous orbit at 49 deg E in 1991-1996 As of 27 August 2001 located at 93.45 deg E drifting at 0.139 deg E per day. As of 2007 Mar 10 located at 51.16E drifting at 0.090W degrees per day.

• 1994 February 5 - Raduga 1-3 - Launch Site: Baikonur. Launch Vehicle: Proton 8K82K / 11S861. Mass: 2,000 kg (4,400 lb). Perigee: 36,513 km (22,688 mi). Apogee: 36,513 km (22,688 mi). Inclination: 1.40 deg. Period: 1,473.00 min.

  Joined Raduga 1-2 at 48 deg E; third launch of alternate Raduga design. Extension of the telephone and telegraph radio communications system on the territory of the Russian Federation. Positioned in geosynchronous orbit at 49 deg E in 1994-1999 As of 1 September 2001 located at 49.75 deg E drifting at 0.057 deg W per day. As of 2007 Mar 10 located at 100.54E drifting at 0.021W degrees per day.

• 1999 February 28 - Raduga-1 - Launch Site: Baikonur. Launch Vehicle: Proton 8K82K / 11S861. Perigee: 35,778 km (22,231 mi). Apogee: 35,794 km (22,241 mi). Inclination: 1.20 deg.

  Geosynchronous communications satellite, stationed at 35 deg E. Positioned in geosynchronous orbit at 35 deg E in 1999. As of 5 September 2001 located at 34.80 deg E drifting at 0.013 deg E per day. As of 2007 Mar 10 located at 107.14E drifting at 0.165W degrees per day.

• 2000 August 28 - Raduga-1 - Launch Site: Baikonur. Launch Vehicle: Proton 8K82K / 11S861. Mass: 2,400 kg (5,200 lb). Perigee: 35,776 km (22,230 mi). Apogee: 35,791 km (22,239 mi). Inclination: 0.10 deg. Period: 1,435.90 min.

  Raduga-1 military communications satellite initially named Cosmos 2372 by the RVSN press service. Stationed at 50 deg E. As of 5 September 2001 located at 49.25 deg E drifting at 0.048 deg W per day. As of 2007 Mar 10 located at 45.70E drifting at 0.012W degrees per day.

• 2001 October 6 - Raduga-1 - Launch Site: Baikonur. Launch Vehicle: Proton 8K82K / 11S861. Mass: 2,000 kg (4,400 lb). Perigee: 35,770 km (22,220 mi). Apogee: 35,801 km (22,245 mi). Inclination: 0.90 deg. Period: 1,436.00 min.

  The Blok-DM2 upper stage put the Russian geosynchronous military communications satellite into a geosynchronous transfer orbit at 1755 GMT. A second burn at 2318 GMT to circularized the orbit at geostationary altitude. As of 2007 Mar 10 located at 106.48E drifting at 9.104W degrees per day.

• 2004 March 27 - Raduga-1 - Launch Site: Baikonur. Launch Vehicle: Proton 8K82K / 11S861. Mass: 2,000 kg (4,400 lb). Perigee: 35,768 km (22,225 mi). Apogee: 35,806 km (22,248 mi). Inclination: 1.30 deg. Period: 1,436.10 min.

  Military communications satellite. Parked in geostationary orbit at 85.0 deg E, after being placed in unusual subsynchronous drift orbit. Original name Cosmos 2406. As of 2007 Mar 11 located at 85.19E drifting at 0.029W degrees per day.

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