Strela-3

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Gonets-1
Credit - ESA

Article Number: 17F13. Code Name: Gonets. Class: Communications. Type: Military Store-dump. Destination: Medium Earth Orbit. Nation: Russia. Agency: MO SSSR. Manufacturer: Reshetnev.

Store-dump military communications satellite, said to have initially been developed for the GRU. The Strela-3 was heavier and more capable than the Strela-1M, with six launched per Kosmos 3M booster instead of eight. An operational constellation consisted of twelve spacecraft in two orbital planes, spaced 90 degrees apart. A gravity-gradient beam was extended on-orbit to provide passive attitude stabilization.

Development of a second generation Strela system for centralized command and control of military units began in 1973. Flight trials began in 1985 and the system was accepted into military service in 1990. By 1992 Strela-3 replaced the Strela-1M and after 1994 the Strela-2M in the strategic communications role. A total of 118 reached orbit from 1985 to 1998. A commercial version was marketed as the Gonets-D1 in the 1990's. These satellites had a single simultaneous earth-space and space-earth channel. On-board storage was 12 Mbits of data, with a transmission rate of 2.4 kbit/sec. NII-TP was responsible for the communications payload.

Typical orbit: 1400 km x 1414 km at 82.6 degrees inclination. Length: 1.50 m (4.90 ft). Maximum Diameter: 1.00 m (3.20 ft). Mass: 220 kg (480 lb). Associated Launch Vehicle: Kosmos 11K65M, Tsyklon 3.

Strela-3 Chronology

1985 January 15 - Cosmos 1617 - Program: Strela. Launch Site: Plesetsk. Launch Vehicle: Tsiklon. Mass: 220 kg (480 lb). Perigee: 1,413 km (877 mi). Apogee: 1,414 km (878 mi). Inclination: 82.60 deg. Period: 114.10 min.
First launch of new Strela-3 store-dump military communications satellite. Six Strelas are put into medium earth orbits with each launch. In the first two launches, four of the satellites are mass-model mockups.

1985 January 15 - Cosmos 1618 - Program: Strela. Launch Site: Plesetsk. Launch Vehicle: Tsiklon. Mass: 220 kg (480 lb). Perigee: 1,408 km (874 mi). Apogee: 1,414 km (878 mi). Inclination: 82.60 deg. Period: 114.00 min.

1985 January 15 - Cosmos 1619 - Program: Strela. Launch Site: Plesetsk. Launch Vehicle: Tsiklon. Mass: 220 kg (480 lb). Perigee: 1,383 km (859 mi). Apogee: 1,413 km (877 mi). Inclination: 82.60 deg. Period: 113.70 min.
Mass model of Strela-3.

1985 January 15 - Cosmos 1620 - Program: Strela. Launch Site: Plesetsk. Launch Vehicle: Tsiklon. Mass: 220 kg (480 lb). Perigee: 1,391 km (864 mi). Apogee: 1,413 km (877 mi). Inclination: 82.60 deg. Period: 113.80 min.
Mass model of Strela-3.

1985 January 15 - Cosmos 1621 - Program: Strela. Launch Site: Plesetsk. Launch Vehicle: Tsiklon. Mass: 220 kg (480 lb). Perigee: 1,396 km (867 mi). Apogee: 1,413 km (877 mi). Inclination: 82.60 deg. Period: 113.90 min.
Mass model of Strela-3.

1985 January 15 - Cosmos 1622 - Program: Strela. Launch Site: Plesetsk. Launch Vehicle: Tsiklon. Mass: 220 kg (480 lb). Perigee: 1,401 km (870 mi). Apogee: 1,414 km (878 mi). Inclination: 82.60 deg. Period: 113.90 min.
Mass model of Strela-3.

1985 October 9 - Cosmos 1693 - Program: Strela. Launch Site: Plesetsk. Launch Vehicle: Tsiklon. Mass: 220 kg (480 lb). Perigee: 1,393 km (865 mi). Apogee: 1,417 km (880 mi). Inclination: 82.60 deg. Period: 113.90 min.
Mass model of Strela-3.

1985 October 9 - Cosmos 1690 - Program: Strela. Launch Site: Plesetsk. Launch Vehicle: Tsiklon. Mass: 220 kg (480 lb). Perigee: 1,381 km (858 mi). Apogee: 1,417 km (880 mi). Inclination: 82.60 deg. Period: 113.80 min.
Military store-dump communications satellite. Six satellites launched by a single carrier rocket.

1985 October 9 - Cosmos 1692 - Program: Strela. Launch Site: Plesetsk. Launch Vehicle: Tsiklon. Mass: 220 kg (480 lb). Perigee: 1,388 km (862 mi). Apogee: 1,417 km (880 mi). Inclination: 82.60 deg. Period: 113.80 min.
Mass model of Strela-3.

1985 October 9 - Cosmos 1694 - Program: Strela. Launch Site: Plesetsk. Launch Vehicle: Tsiklon. Mass: 220 kg (480 lb). Perigee: 1,399 km (869 mi). Apogee: 1,417 km (880 mi). Inclination: 82.60 deg. Period: 114.00 min.
Mass model of Strela-3.

1985 October 9 - Cosmos 1695 - Program: Strela. Launch Site: Plesetsk. Launch Vehicle: Tsiklon. Mass: 220 kg (480 lb). Perigee: 1,405 km (873 mi). Apogee: 1,417 km (880 mi). Inclination: 82.60 deg. Period: 114.00 min.
Mass model of Strela-3.

1985 October 9 - Cosmos 1691 - Program: Strela. Launch Site: Plesetsk. Launch Vehicle: Tsiklon. Mass: 220 kg (480 lb). Perigee: 1,413 km (877 mi). Apogee: 1,414 km (878 mi). Inclination: 82.60 deg. Period: 114.10 min.

1986 October 15 - Strela-3 - Program: Strela. Launch Site: Plesetsk. Launch Vehicle: Tsiklon. FAILURE: Failure.

1986 October 15 - Strela-3 - Program: Strela. Launch Site: Plesetsk. Launch Vehicle: Tsiklon. FAILURE: Failure.

1986 October 15 - Strela-3 - Program: Strela. Launch Site: Plesetsk. Launch Vehicle: Tsiklon. FAILURE: Failure.

1986 October 15 - Strela-3 - Program: Strela. Launch Site: Plesetsk. Launch Vehicle: Tsiklon. FAILURE: Failure.

1986 October 15 - Strela-3 - Program: Strela. Launch Site: Plesetsk. Launch Vehicle: Tsiklon. FAILURE: Failure.

1986 October 15 - Strela-3 Nos. 5 to 10 - Program: Strela. Launch Site: Plesetsk. Launch Vehicle: Tsiklon. FAILURE: First-stage failure as a result of leakage of the tank pressurization system. Mass: 1,320 kg (2,910 lb).
First attempted launch of full load of Strela-3 military store-dump communications satellite fails to reach orbit.

1987 March 13 - Cosmos 1828 - Program: Strela. Launch Site: Plesetsk. Launch Vehicle: Tsiklon. Mass: 220 kg (480 lb). Perigee: 1,385 km (860 mi). Apogee: 1,411 km (876 mi). Inclination: 82.60 deg. Period: 113.70 min.

1987 March 13 - Cosmos 1827 - Program: Strela. Launch Site: Plesetsk. Launch Vehicle: Tsiklon. Mass: 220 kg (480 lb). Perigee: 1,396 km (867 mi). Apogee: 1,411 km (876 mi). Inclination: 82.60 deg. Period: 113.90 min.
First fully operational Strela-3 launch. Military store-dump communications satellite. Six satellites launched by a single carrier rocket.

1987 March 13 - Cosmos 1830 - Program: Strela. Launch Site: Plesetsk. Launch Vehicle: Tsiklon. Mass: 220 kg (480 lb). Perigee: 1,407 km (874 mi). Apogee: 1,411 km (876 mi). Inclination: 82.60 deg. Period: 114.00 min.

1987 March 13 - Cosmos 1831 - Program: Strela. Launch Site: Plesetsk. Launch Vehicle: Tsiklon. Mass: 220 kg (480 lb). Perigee: 1,391 km (864 mi). Apogee: 1,411 km (876 mi). Inclination: 82.60 deg. Period: 113.80 min.

1987 March 13 - Cosmos 1832 - Program: Strela. Launch Site: Plesetsk. Launch Vehicle: Tsiklon. Mass: 220 kg (480 lb). Perigee: 1,401 km (870 mi). Apogee: 1,411 km (876 mi). Inclination: 82.60 deg. Period: 113.90 min.

1987 March 13 - Cosmos 1829 - Program: Strela. Launch Site: Plesetsk. Launch Vehicle: Tsiklon. Mass: 220 kg (480 lb). Perigee: 1,411 km (876 mi). Apogee: 1,414 km (878 mi). Inclination: 82.60 deg. Period: 114.10 min.

1987 September 7 - Cosmos 1878 - Program: Strela. Launch Site: Plesetsk. Launch Vehicle: Tsiklon. Mass: 220 kg (480 lb). Perigee: 1,403 km (871 mi). Apogee: 1,409 km (875 mi). Inclination: 82.60 deg. Period: 113.90 min.

1987 September 7 - Cosmos 1875 - Program: Strela. Launch Site: Plesetsk. Launch Vehicle: Tsiklon. Mass: 220 kg (480 lb). Perigee: 1,387 km (861 mi). Apogee: 1,408 km (874 mi). Inclination: 82.60 deg. Period: 113.70 min.
Military store-dump communications satellite. Six satellites launched by a single carrier rocket.

1987 September 7 - Cosmos 1876 - Program: Strela. Launch Site: Plesetsk. Launch Vehicle: Tsiklon. Mass: 220 kg (480 lb). Perigee: 1,409 km (875 mi). Apogee: 1,415 km (879 mi). Inclination: 82.60 deg. Period: 114.10 min.

1987 September 7 - Cosmos 1877 - Program: Strela. Launch Site: Plesetsk. Launch Vehicle: Tsiklon. Mass: 220 kg (480 lb). Perigee: 1,407 km (874 mi). Apogee: 1,410 km (870 mi). Inclination: 82.60 deg. Period: 114.00 min.

1987 September 7 - Cosmos 1879 - Program: Strela. Launch Site: Plesetsk. Launch Vehicle: Tsiklon. Mass: 220 kg (480 lb). Perigee: 1,397 km (868 mi). Apogee: 1,409 km (875 mi). Inclination: 82.60 deg. Period: 113.90 min.

1987 September 7 - Cosmos 1880 - Program: Strela. Launch Site: Plesetsk. Launch Vehicle: Tsiklon. Mass: 220 kg (480 lb). Perigee: 1,393 km (865 mi). Apogee: 1,409 km (875 mi). Inclination: 82.60 deg. Period: 113.80 min.

1988 January 15 - Cosmos 1909 - Program: Strela. Launch Site: Plesetsk. Launch Vehicle: Tsiklon. Mass: 220 kg (480 lb). Perigee: 1,411 km (876 mi). Apogee: 1,413 km (877 mi). Inclination: 82.60 deg. Period: 114.00 min.
Military store-dump communications satellite. Six satellites launched by a single carrier rocket.

1988 January 15 - Cosmos 1910 - Program: Strela. Launch Site: Plesetsk. Launch Vehicle: Tsiklon. Mass: 220 kg (480 lb). Perigee: 1,407 km (874 mi). Apogee: 1,411 km (876 mi). Inclination: 82.60 deg. Period: 114.00 min.

1988 January 15 - Cosmos 1911 - Program: Strela. Launch Site: Plesetsk. Launch Vehicle: Tsiklon. Mass: 220 kg (480 lb). Perigee: 1,400 km (800 mi). Apogee: 1,411 km (876 mi). Inclination: 82.60 deg. Period: 113.90 min.

1988 January 15 - Cosmos 1912 - Program: Strela. Launch Site: Plesetsk. Launch Vehicle: Tsiklon. Mass: 220 kg (480 lb). Perigee: 1,395 km (866 mi). Apogee: 1,411 km (876 mi). Inclination: 82.60 deg. Period: 113.90 min.

1988 January 15 - Cosmos 1914 - Program: Strela. Launch Site: Plesetsk. Launch Vehicle: Tsiklon. Mass: 220 kg (480 lb). Perigee: 1,383 km (859 mi). Apogee: 1,411 km (876 mi). Inclination: 82.60 deg. Period: 113.70 min.

1988 January 15 - Cosmos 1913 - Program: Strela. Launch Site: Plesetsk. Launch Vehicle: Tsiklon. Mass: 220 kg (480 lb). Perigee: 1,390 km (860 mi). Apogee: 1,411 km (876 mi). Inclination: 82.60 deg. Period: 113.80 min.

1989 February 10 - Cosmos 1996 - Program: Strela. Launch Site: Plesetsk. Launch Vehicle: Tsiklon. Mass: 220 kg (480 lb). Perigee: 1,405 km (873 mi). Apogee: 1,413 km (877 mi). Inclination: 82.60 deg. Period: 114.00 min.

1989 February 10 - Cosmos 1995 - Program: Strela. Launch Site: Plesetsk. Launch Vehicle: Tsiklon. Mass: 220 kg (480 lb). Perigee: 1,411 km (876 mi). Apogee: 1,418 km (881 mi). Inclination: 82.60 deg. Period: 114.10 min.

1989 February 10 - Cosmos 1997 - Program: Strela. Launch Site: Plesetsk. Launch Vehicle: Tsiklon. Mass: 220 kg (480 lb). Perigee: 1,399 km (869 mi). Apogee: 1,418 km (881 mi). Inclination: 82.60 deg. Period: 114.00 min.

1989 February 10 - Cosmos 1994 - Program: Strela. Launch Site: Plesetsk. Launch Vehicle: Tsiklon. Mass: 220 kg (480 lb). Perigee: 1,394 km (866 mi). Apogee: 1,418 km (881 mi). Inclination: 82.60 deg. Period: 113.90 min.
Military store-dump communications satellite. Six satellites launched by a single carrier rocket.

1989 February 10 - Cosmos 1999 - Program: Strela. Launch Site: Plesetsk. Launch Vehicle: Tsiklon. Mass: 220 kg (480 lb). Perigee: 1,383 km (859 mi). Apogee: 1,417 km (880 mi). Inclination: 82.60 deg. Period: 113.80 min.

1989 February 10 - Cosmos 1998 - Program: Strela. Launch Site: Plesetsk. Launch Vehicle: Tsiklon. Mass: 220 kg (480 lb). Perigee: 1,389 km (863 mi). Apogee: 1,413 km (877 mi). Inclination: 82.60 deg. Period: 113.80 min.

1989 September 14 - Cosmos 2042 - Program: Strela. Launch Site: Plesetsk. Launch Vehicle: Tsiklon. Mass: 220 kg (480 lb). Perigee: 1,403 km (871 mi). Apogee: 1,410 km (870 mi). Inclination: 82.60 deg. Period: 113.90 min.

1989 September 14 - Cosmos 2039 - Program: Strela. Launch Site: Plesetsk. Launch Vehicle: Tsiklon. Mass: 220 kg (480 lb). Perigee: 1,386 km (861 mi). Apogee: 1,410 km (870 mi). Inclination: 82.60 deg. Period: 113.70 min.

1989 September 14 - Cosmos 2038 - Program: Strela. Launch Site: Plesetsk. Launch Vehicle: Tsiklon. Mass: 220 kg (480 lb). Perigee: 1,392 km (864 mi). Apogee: 1,410 km (870 mi). Inclination: 82.60 deg. Period: 113.80 min.
Eight satellites launched by a single carrier rocket.

1989 September 14 - Cosmos 2041 - Program: Strela. Launch Site: Plesetsk. Launch Vehicle: Tsiklon. Mass: 220 kg (480 lb). Perigee: 1,397 km (868 mi). Apogee: 1,410 km (870 mi). Inclination: 82.60 deg. Period: 113.90 min.

1989 September 14 - Cosmos 2043 - Program: Strela. Launch Site: Plesetsk. Launch Vehicle: Tsiklon. Mass: 220 kg (480 lb). Perigee: 1,408 km (874 mi). Apogee: 1,410 km (870 mi). Inclination: 82.60 deg. Period: 114.00 min.

1989 September 14 - Cosmos 2040 - Program: Strela. Launch Site: Plesetsk. Launch Vehicle: Tsiklon. Mass: 220 kg (480 lb). Perigee: 1,409 km (875 mi). Apogee: 1,416 km (879 mi). Inclination: 82.60 deg. Period: 114.10 min.

1990 August 8 - Cosmos 2095 - Program: Strela. Launch Site: Plesetsk. Launch Vehicle: Tsiklon. Mass: 220 kg (480 lb). Perigee: 1,384 km (859 mi). Apogee: 1,413 km (877 mi). Inclination: 82.60 deg. Period: 113.80 min.

1990 August 8 - Cosmos 2094 - Program: Strela. Launch Site: Plesetsk. Launch Vehicle: Tsiklon. Mass: 220 kg (480 lb). Perigee: 1,396 km (867 mi). Apogee: 1,412 km (877 mi). Inclination: 82.60 deg. Period: 113.90 min.

1990 August 8 - Cosmos 2093 - Program: Strela. Launch Site: Plesetsk. Launch Vehicle: Tsiklon. Mass: 220 kg (480 lb). Perigee: 1,401 km (870 mi). Apogee: 1,413 km (877 mi). Inclination: 82.60 deg. Period: 113.90 min.

1990 August 8 - Cosmos 2092 - Program: Strela. Launch Site: Plesetsk. Launch Vehicle: Tsiklon. Mass: 220 kg (480 lb). Perigee: 1,407 km (874 mi). Apogee: 1,413 km (877 mi). Inclination: 82.60 deg. Period: 114.00 min.

1990 August 8 - Cosmos 2091 - Program: Strela. Launch Site: Plesetsk. Launch Vehicle: Tsiklon. Mass: 220 kg (480 lb). Perigee: 1,411 km (876 mi). Apogee: 1,415 km (879 mi). Inclination: 82.60 deg. Period: 114.10 min.

1990 August 8 - Cosmos 2090 - Program: Strela. Launch Site: Plesetsk. Launch Vehicle: Tsiklon. Mass: 220 kg (480 lb). Perigee: 1,392 km (864 mi). Apogee: 1,412 km (877 mi). Inclination: 82.60 deg. Period: 113.80 min.
Six satellites launched by a single carrier rocket.

1990 December 22 - Cosmos 2117 - Program: Strela. Launch Site: Plesetsk. Launch Vehicle: Tsiklon. Mass: 220 kg (480 lb). Perigee: 1,397 km (868 mi). Apogee: 1,410 km (870 mi). Inclination: 82.60 deg. Period: 113.90 min.

1990 December 22 - Cosmos 2119 - Program: Strela. Launch Site: Plesetsk. Launch Vehicle: Tsiklon. Mass: 220 kg (480 lb). Perigee: 1,385 km (860 mi). Apogee: 1,410 km (870 mi). Inclination: 82.60 deg. Period: 113.70 min.

1990 December 22 - Cosmos 2114 - Program: Strela. Launch Site: Plesetsk. Launch Vehicle: Tsiklon. Mass: 220 kg (480 lb). Perigee: 1,409 km (875 mi). Apogee: 1,415 km (879 mi). Inclination: 82.60 deg. Period: 114.10 min.
Six satellites launched by a single carrier rocket.

1990 December 22 - Cosmos 2118 - Program: Strela. Launch Site: Plesetsk. Launch Vehicle: Tsiklon. Mass: 220 kg (480 lb). Perigee: 1,391 km (864 mi). Apogee: 1,410 km (870 mi). Inclination: 82.60 deg. Period: 113.80 min.

1990 December 22 - Cosmos 2116 - Program: Strela. Launch Site: Plesetsk. Launch Vehicle: Tsiklon. Mass: 220 kg (480 lb). Perigee: 1,402 km (871 mi). Apogee: 1,410 km (870 mi). Inclination: 82.60 deg. Period: 113.90 min.

1990 December 22 - Cosmos 2115 - Program: Strela. Launch Site: Plesetsk. Launch Vehicle: Tsiklon. Mass: 220 kg (480 lb). Perigee: 1,408 km (874 mi). Apogee: 1,410 km (870 mi). Inclination: 82.60 deg. Period: 114.00 min.

1991 May 16 - Cosmos 2143 - Program: Strela. Launch Site: Plesetsk. Launch Vehicle: Tsiklon. Mass: 220 kg (480 lb). Perigee: 1,398 km (868 mi). Apogee: 1,417 km (880 mi). Inclination: 82.60 deg. Period: 114.00 min.
Six satellites launched by a single carrier rocket.

1991 May 16 - Cosmos 2148 - Program: Strela. Launch Site: Plesetsk. Launch Vehicle: Tsiklon. Mass: 220 kg (480 lb). Perigee: 1,381 km (858 mi). Apogee: 1,417 km (880 mi). Inclination: 82.60 deg. Period: 113.80 min.

1991 May 16 - Cosmos 2147 - Program: Strela. Launch Site: Plesetsk. Launch Vehicle: Tsiklon. Mass: 220 kg (480 lb). Perigee: 1,388 km (862 mi). Apogee: 1,417 km (880 mi). Inclination: 82.60 deg. Period: 113.80 min.

1991 May 16 - Cosmos 2146 - Program: Strela. Launch Site: Plesetsk. Launch Vehicle: Tsiklon. Mass: 220 kg (480 lb). Perigee: 1,393 km (865 mi). Apogee: 1,417 km (880 mi). Inclination: 82.60 deg. Period: 113.90 min.

1991 May 16 - Cosmos 2145 - Program: Strela. Launch Site: Plesetsk. Launch Vehicle: Tsiklon. Mass: 220 kg (480 lb). Perigee: 1,405 km (873 mi). Apogee: 1,417 km (880 mi). Inclination: 82.60 deg. Period: 114.00 min.

1991 May 16 - Cosmos 2144 - Program: Strela. Launch Site: Plesetsk. Launch Vehicle: Tsiklon. Mass: 220 kg (480 lb). Perigee: 1,411 km (876 mi). Apogee: 1,417 km (880 mi). Inclination: 82.60 deg. Period: 114.10 min.

1991 September 28 - Cosmos 2162 - Program: Strela. Launch Site: Plesetsk. Launch Vehicle: Tsiklon. Mass: 220 kg (480 lb). Perigee: 1,409 km (875 mi). Apogee: 1,418 km (881 mi). Inclination: 82.60 deg. Period: 114.10 min.

1991 September 28 - Cosmos 2161 - Program: Strela. Launch Site: Plesetsk. Launch Vehicle: Tsiklon. Mass: 220 kg (480 lb). Perigee: 1,394 km (866 mi). Apogee: 1,411 km (876 mi). Inclination: 82.60 deg. Period: 113.80 min.

1991 September 28 - Cosmos 2160 - Program: Strela. Launch Site: Plesetsk. Launch Vehicle: Tsiklon. Mass: 220 kg (480 lb). Perigee: 1,398 km (868 mi). Apogee: 1,411 km (876 mi). Inclination: 82.60 deg. Period: 113.90 min.

1991 September 28 - Cosmos 2159 - Program: Strela. Launch Site: Plesetsk. Launch Vehicle: Tsiklon. Mass: 220 kg (480 lb). Perigee: 1,388 km (862 mi). Apogee: 1,410 km (870 mi). Inclination: 82.60 deg. Period: 113.80 min.

1991 September 28 - Cosmos 2158 - Program: Strela. Launch Site: Plesetsk. Launch Vehicle: Tsiklon. Mass: 220 kg (480 lb). Perigee: 1,404 km (872 mi). Apogee: 1,411 km (876 mi). Inclination: 82.60 deg. Period: 113.90 min.

1991 September 28 - Cosmos 2157 - Program: Strela. Launch Site: Plesetsk. Launch Vehicle: Tsiklon. Mass: 220 kg (480 lb). Perigee: 1,408 km (874 mi). Apogee: 1,413 km (877 mi). Inclination: 82.60 deg. Period: 114.00 min.
Eight satellites launched by a single carrier rocket.

1991 November 12 - Cosmos 2170 - Program: Strela. Launch Site: Plesetsk. Launch Vehicle: Tsiklon. Mass: 220 kg (480 lb). Perigee: 1,412 km (877 mi). Apogee: 1,414 km (878 mi). Inclination: 82.60 deg. Period: 114.10 min.

1991 November 12 - Cosmos 2169 - Program: Strela. Launch Site: Plesetsk. Launch Vehicle: Tsiklon. Mass: 220 kg (480 lb). Perigee: 1,383 km (859 mi). Apogee: 1,413 km (877 mi). Inclination: 82.60 deg. Period: 113.70 min.

1991 November 12 - Cosmos 2168 - Program: Strela. Launch Site: Plesetsk. Launch Vehicle: Tsiklon. Mass: 220 kg (480 lb). Perigee: 1,390 km (860 mi). Apogee: 1,412 km (877 mi). Inclination: 82.60 deg. Period: 113.80 min.

1991 November 12 - Cosmos 2165 - Program: Strela. Launch Site: Plesetsk. Launch Vehicle: Tsiklon. Mass: 220 kg (480 lb). Perigee: 1,395 km (866 mi). Apogee: 1,412 km (877 mi). Inclination: 82.60 deg. Period: 113.90 min.
Six satellites launched by a single carrier rocket.

1991 November 12 - Cosmos 2166 - Program: Strela. Launch Site: Plesetsk. Launch Vehicle: Tsiklon. Mass: 220 kg (480 lb). Perigee: 1,407 km (874 mi). Apogee: 1,412 km (877 mi). Inclination: 82.60 deg. Period: 114.00 min.

1991 November 12 - Cosmos 2167 - Program: Strela. Launch Site: Plesetsk. Launch Vehicle: Tsiklon. Mass: 220 kg (480 lb). Perigee: 1,400 km (800 mi). Apogee: 1,412 km (877 mi). Inclination: 82.60 deg. Period: 113.90 min.

1992 July 13 - Cosmos 2197 - Program: Strela. Launch Site: Plesetsk. Launch Vehicle: Tsiklon. Mass: 220 kg (480 lb). Perigee: 1,397 km (868 mi). Apogee: 1,416 km (879 mi). Inclination: 82.60 deg. Period: 113.90 min.
Six satellites launched by a single carrier rocket.

1992 July 13 - Cosmos 2200 - Program: Strela. Launch Site: Plesetsk. Launch Vehicle: Tsiklon. Mass: 220 kg (480 lb). Perigee: 1,404 km (872 mi). Apogee: 1,416 km (879 mi). Inclination: 82.60 deg. Period: 114.00 min.

1992 July 13 - Cosmos 2202 - Program: Strela. Launch Site: Plesetsk. Launch Vehicle: Tsiklon. Mass: 220 kg (480 lb). Perigee: 1,407 km (874 mi). Apogee: 1,419 km (881 mi). Inclination: 82.60 deg. Period: 114.10 min.

1992 July 13 - Cosmos 2198 - Program: Strela. Launch Site: Plesetsk. Launch Vehicle: Tsiklon. Mass: 220 kg (480 lb). Perigee: 1,408 km (874 mi). Apogee: 1,417 km (880 mi). Inclination: 82.60 deg. Period: 114.10 min.

1992 October 20 - Cosmos 2213 - Program: Strela. Launch Site: Plesetsk. Launch Vehicle: Tsiklon. Mass: 220 kg (480 lb). Perigee: 1,412 km (877 mi). Apogee: 1,414 km (878 mi). Inclination: 82.60 deg. Period: 114.10 min.

1992 October 20 - Cosmos 2211 - Program: Strela. Launch Site: Plesetsk. Launch Vehicle: Tsiklon. Mass: 220 kg (480 lb). Perigee: 1,402 km (871 mi). Apogee: 1,412 km (877 mi). Inclination: 82.60 deg. Period: 113.90 min.
Six satellites launched by a single carrier rocket.

1992 October 20 - Cosmos 2212 - Program: Strela. Launch Site: Plesetsk. Launch Vehicle: Tsiklon. Mass: 220 kg (480 lb). Perigee: 1,410 km (870 mi). Apogee: 1,412 km (877 mi). Inclination: 82.60 deg. Period: 114.00 min.

1992 October 20 - Cosmos 2214 - Program: Strela. Launch Site: Plesetsk. Launch Vehicle: Tsiklon. Mass: 220 kg (480 lb). Perigee: 1,411 km (876 mi). Apogee: 1,423 km (884 mi). Inclination: 82.60 deg. Period: 114.20 min.

1992 October 20 - Cosmos 2216 - Program: Strela. Launch Site: Plesetsk. Launch Vehicle: Tsiklon. Mass: 220 kg (480 lb). Perigee: 1,410 km (870 mi). Apogee: 1,416 km (879 mi). Inclination: 82.60 deg. Period: 114.10 min.

1992 October 20 - Cosmos 2215 - Program: Strela. Launch Site: Plesetsk. Launch Vehicle: Tsiklon. Mass: 220 kg (480 lb). Perigee: 1,411 km (876 mi). Apogee: 1,429 km (887 mi). Inclination: 82.60 deg. Period: 114.20 min.

1993 May 11 - Cosmos 2246 - Program: Strela. Launch Site: Plesetsk. Launch Vehicle: Tsiklon. Mass: 220 kg (480 lb). Perigee: 1,400 km (800 mi). Apogee: 1,418 km (881 mi). Inclination: 82.60 deg. Period: 114.00 min.

1993 May 11 - Cosmos 2247 - Program: Strela. Launch Site: Plesetsk. Launch Vehicle: Tsiklon. Mass: 220 kg (480 lb). Perigee: 1,403 km (871 mi). Apogee: 1,418 km (881 mi). Inclination: 82.60 deg. Period: 114.00 min.

1993 May 11 - Cosmos 2248 - Program: Strela. Launch Site: Plesetsk. Launch Vehicle: Tsiklon. Mass: 220 kg (480 lb). Perigee: 1,401 km (870 mi). Apogee: 1,418 km (881 mi). Inclination: 82.60 deg. Period: 114.00 min.

1993 May 11 - Cosmos 2249 - Program: Strela. Launch Site: Plesetsk. Launch Vehicle: Tsiklon. Mass: 220 kg (480 lb). Perigee: 1,404 km (872 mi). Apogee: 1,418 km (881 mi). Inclination: 82.60 deg. Period: 114.00 min.

1993 May 11 - Cosmos 2250 - Program: Strela. Launch Site: Plesetsk. Launch Vehicle: Tsiklon. Mass: 220 kg (480 lb). Perigee: 1,402 km (871 mi). Apogee: 1,418 km (881 mi). Inclination: 82.60 deg. Period: 114.00 min.

1993 May 11 - Cosmos 2245 - Program: Strela. Launch Site: Plesetsk. Launch Vehicle: Tsiklon. Mass: 220 kg (480 lb). Perigee: 1,397 km (868 mi). Apogee: 1,417 km (880 mi). Inclination: 82.60 deg. Period: 113.90 min.
Six satellites launched by a single carrier rocket.

1993 June 24 - Cosmos 2254 - Program: Strela. Launch Site: Plesetsk. Launch Vehicle: Tsiklon. Mass: 220 kg (480 lb). Perigee: 1,393 km (865 mi). Apogee: 1,414 km (878 mi). Inclination: 82.60 deg. Period: 113.90 min.

1993 June 24 - Cosmos 2257 - Program: Strela. Launch Site: Plesetsk. Launch Vehicle: Tsiklon. Mass: 220 kg (480 lb). Perigee: 1,407 km (874 mi). Apogee: 1,421 km (882 mi). Inclination: 82.60 deg. Period: 114.10 min.

1993 June 24 - Cosmos 2255 - Program: Strela. Launch Site: Plesetsk. Launch Vehicle: Tsiklon. Mass: 220 kg (480 lb). Perigee: 1,404 km (872 mi). Apogee: 1,416 km (879 mi). Inclination: 82.60 deg. Period: 114.00 min.

1993 June 24 - Cosmos 2253 - Program: Strela. Launch Site: Plesetsk. Launch Vehicle: Tsiklon. Mass: 220 kg (480 lb). Perigee: 1,408 km (874 mi). Apogee: 1,426 km (886 mi). Inclination: 82.60 deg. Period: 114.20 min.

1993 June 24 - Cosmos 2252 - Program: Strela. Launch Site: Plesetsk. Launch Vehicle: Tsiklon. Mass: 220 kg (480 lb). Perigee: 1,403 km (871 mi). Apogee: 1,417 km (880 mi). Inclination: 82.60 deg. Period: 114.00 min.
Six satellites launched by a single carrier rocket.

1993 June 24 - Cosmos 2256 - Program: Strela. Launch Site: Plesetsk. Launch Vehicle: Tsiklon. Mass: 220 kg (480 lb). Perigee: 1,400 km (800 mi). Apogee: 1,415 km (879 mi). Inclination: 82.60 deg. Period: 114.00 min.

1994 February 12 - Cosmos 2270 - Program: Strela. Launch Site: Plesetsk. Launch Vehicle: Tsiklon. Mass: 220 kg (480 lb). Perigee: 1,420 km (880 mi). Apogee: 1,441 km (895 mi). Inclination: 82.60 deg. Period: 114.30 min.

1994 February 12 - Cosmos 2272 - Program: Strela. Launch Site: Plesetsk. Launch Vehicle: Tsiklon. Mass: 220 kg (480 lb). Perigee: 1,420 km (880 mi). Apogee: 1,441 km (895 mi). Inclination: 82.60 deg. Period: 114.30 min.

1994 February 12 - Cosmos 2271 - Program: Strela. Launch Site: Plesetsk. Launch Vehicle: Tsiklon. Mass: 220 kg (480 lb). Perigee: 1,420 km (880 mi). Apogee: 1,441 km (895 mi). Inclination: 82.60 deg. Period: 114.30 min.

1994 February 12 - Cosmos 2273 - Program: Strela. Launch Site: Plesetsk. Launch Vehicle: Tsiklon. Mass: 220 kg (480 lb). Perigee: 1,420 km (880 mi). Apogee: 1,441 km (895 mi). Inclination: 82.60 deg. Period: 114.30 min.

1994 February 12 - Cosmos 2269 - Program: Strela. Launch Site: Plesetsk. Launch Vehicle: Tsiklon. Mass: 220 kg (480 lb). Perigee: 1,420 km (880 mi). Apogee: 1,441 km (895 mi). Inclination: 82.60 deg. Period: 114.30 min.

1994 February 12 - Cosmos 2268 - Program: Strela. Launch Site: Plesetsk. Launch Vehicle: Tsiklon. Mass: 220 kg (480 lb). Perigee: 1,420 km (880 mi). Apogee: 1,441 km (895 mi). Inclination: 82.60 deg. Period: 114.30 min.
Six satellites launched by a single carrier rocket. The space objects served the Ministry of Defence of the Russian Federation.

1994 December 26 - Cosmos 2299 - Program: Strela. Launch Site: Plesetsk. Launch Vehicle: Tsiklon. Mass: 220 kg (480 lb). Perigee: 1,402 km (871 mi). Apogee: 1,415 km (879 mi). Inclination: 82.57 deg. Period: 113.97 min.
Six satellites launched by a single carrier rocket.

1994 December 26 - Cosmos 2300 - Program: Strela. Launch Site: Plesetsk. Launch Vehicle: Tsiklon. Mass: 220 kg (480 lb). Perigee: 1,410 km (870 mi). Apogee: 1,414 km (878 mi). Inclination: 82.55 deg. Period: 114.05 min.

1994 December 26 - Cosmos 2301 - Program: Strela. Launch Site: Plesetsk. Launch Vehicle: Tsiklon. Mass: 220 kg (480 lb). Perigee: 1,414 km (878 mi). Apogee: 1,415 km (879 mi). Inclination: 82.56 deg. Period: 114.11 min.

1994 December 26 - Cosmos 2302 - Program: Strela. Launch Site: Plesetsk. Launch Vehicle: Tsiklon. Mass: 220 kg (480 lb). Perigee: 1,414 km (878 mi). Apogee: 1,423 km (884 mi). Inclination: 82.60 deg. Period: 114.20 min.

1994 December 26 - Cosmos 2303 - Program: Strela. Launch Site: Plesetsk. Launch Vehicle: Tsiklon. Mass: 220 kg (480 lb). Perigee: 1,413 km (877 mi). Apogee: 1,430 km (880 mi). Inclination: 82.56 deg. Period: 114.26 min.

1994 December 26 - Cosmos 2304 - Program: Strela. Launch Site: Plesetsk. Launch Vehicle: Tsiklon. Mass: 220 kg (480 lb). Perigee: 1,412 km (877 mi). Apogee: 1,417 km (880 mi). Inclination: 82.56 deg. Period: 114.11 min.

1996 February 19 - Cosmos 2330 - Program: Strela. Launch Site: Plesetsk. Launch Vehicle: Tsiklon. Mass: 225 kg (496 lb). Perigee: 1,412 km (877 mi). Apogee: 1,427 km (886 mi). Inclination: 82.60 deg. Period: 114.20 min.

1996 February 19 - Cosmos 2328 - Program: Strela. Launch Site: Plesetsk. Launch Vehicle: Tsiklon. Mass: 225 kg (496 lb). Perigee: 1,408 km (874 mi). Apogee: 1,417 km (880 mi). Inclination: 82.60 deg. Period: 114.10 min.

1996 February 19 - Cosmos 2329 - Program: Strela. Launch Site: Plesetsk. Launch Vehicle: Tsiklon. Mass: 225 kg (496 lb). Perigee: 1,411 km (876 mi). Apogee: 1,421 km (882 mi). Inclination: 82.60 deg. Period: 114.20 min.

1997 February 14 - Cosmos 2339 - Program: Strela. Launch Site: Plesetsk. Launch Vehicle: Tsiklon. Mass: 225 kg (496 lb). Perigee: 1,412 km (877 mi). Apogee: 1,415 km (879 mi). Inclination: 82.60 deg. Period: 114.10 min.

1997 February 14 - Cosmos 2337 - Program: Strela. Launch Site: Plesetsk. Launch Vehicle: Tsiklon. Mass: 225 kg (496 lb). Perigee: 1,403 km (871 mi). Apogee: 1,412 km (877 mi). Inclination: 82.60 deg. Period: 114.00 min.

1997 February 14 - Cosmos 2338 - Program: Strela. Launch Site: Plesetsk. Launch Vehicle: Tsiklon. Mass: 225 kg (496 lb). Perigee: 1,410 km (870 mi). Apogee: 1,413 km (877 mi). Inclination: 82.60 deg. Period: 114.00 min.

1998 June 15 - Cosmos 2356 - Program: Strela. Launch Site: Plesetsk. Launch Vehicle: Tsiklon. Mass: 225 kg (496 lb). Perigee: 1,300 km (800 mi). Apogee: 1,865 km (1,158 mi). Inclination: 82.60 deg. Period: 117.80 min.

1998 June 15 - Cosmos 2353 - Program: Strela. Launch Site: Plesetsk. Launch Vehicle: Tsiklon. Mass: 225 kg (496 lb). Perigee: 1,303 km (809 mi). Apogee: 1,867 km (1,160 mi). Inclination: 82.60 deg. Period: 117.90 min.

1998 June 15 - Cosmos 2352 - Program: Strela. Launch Site: Plesetsk. Launch Vehicle: Tsiklon. FAILURE: The launch vehicle control system was misprogrammed before launch due to a malfunction of the ground instrumentation. However the satellites were in usable orbits. Mass: 225 kg (496 lb). Perigee: 1,313 km (815 mi). Apogee: 1,872 km (1,163 mi). Inclination: 82.60 deg. Period: 118.00 min.
Six Strela-3 military communications satellites launched as usual by a single launch vehicle. However the S5M third stage cut off early during its circulisation burn, leaving the satellites in elliptical 1300 x 1900 km orbits.

1998 June 15 - Cosmos 2357 - Program: Strela. Launch Site: Plesetsk. Launch Vehicle: Tsiklon. Mass: 225 kg (496 lb). Perigee: 1,296 km (805 mi). Apogee: 1,861 km (1,156 mi). Inclination: 82.60 deg. Period: 117.70 min.

1998 June 15 - Cosmos 2354 - Program: Strela. Launch Site: Plesetsk. Launch Vehicle: Tsiklon. Mass: 225 kg (496 lb). Perigee: 1,309 km (813 mi). Apogee: 1,869 km (1,161 mi). Inclination: 82.60 deg. Period: 118.00 min.

1998 June 15 - Cosmos 2355 - Program: Strela. Launch Site: Plesetsk. Launch Vehicle: Tsiklon. Mass: 225 kg (496 lb). Perigee: 1,305 km (810 mi). Apogee: 1,865 km (1,158 mi). Inclination: 82.60 deg. Period: 117.90 min.

2000 December 27 - Strela-3 - Program: Strela. Launch Site: Plesetsk. Launch Vehicle: Tsiklon. FAILURE: The S5M third stage failed and the vehicle crashed a few thousand km downrange near Wrangel Island. Mass: 225 kg (496 lb).
Military Communications. Failed to orbit.

2000 December 27 - Strela-3 - Program: Strela. Launch Site: Plesetsk. Launch Vehicle: Tsiklon. FAILURE: The S5M third stage failed and the vehicle crashed a few thousand km downrange near Wrangel Island. Mass: 225 kg (496 lb).
Military Communications. Failed to orbit.

2000 December 27 - Strela-3 - Program: Strela. Launch Site: Plesetsk. Launch Vehicle: Tsiklon. FAILURE: The S5M third stage failed and the vehicle crashed a few thousand km downrange near Wrangel Island. Mass: 225 kg (496 lb).
Military Communications. Failed to orbit.

2001 December 28 - Cosmos 2384 - Program: Strela. Launch Site: Plesetsk. Launch Vehicle: Tsiklon. Mass: 225 kg (496 lb). Perigee: 1,416 km (879 mi). Apogee: 1,432 km (889 mi). Inclination: 82.60 deg. Period: 114.30 min.
The Tsiklon put six military Strela-3 and three civilian equivalent Gonets-D1 satellites into a medium earth orbit. Due to a launch failure in 2000 this was the first replenishment of the Strela satellite constellation since 1998. The Tsiklon second stage burn was complete at 0329:02 UTC. The S5M stage separated and ignited at 0330 and shut down at 0332:00, placing the stage and satellite dispenser in a suborbital -550 x 1400 km orbit. A second burn at apogee at 0406:15 UTC put the stage in a 1400 km circular orbit. The three Gonets satellites separated first, beginning at 0407:28 UTC; the last of the three Kosmos/Strela satellites was ejected at 0408:33, with a perigee about 15 km higher than the first of the deployments.

2001 December 28 - Cosmos 2385 - Program: Strela. Launch Site: Plesetsk. Launch Vehicle: Tsiklon. Mass: 225 kg (496 lb). Perigee: 1,417 km (880 mi). Apogee: 1,426 km (886 mi). Inclination: 82.50 deg. Period: 114.30 min.
Three military Strela-3 and three civilian equivalent Gonets-D1 satellites orbited in a single launch.

2001 December 28 - Cosmos 2386 - Program: Strela. Launch Site: Plesetsk. Launch Vehicle: Tsiklon. Mass: 225 kg (496 lb). Perigee: 1,415 km (879 mi). Apogee: 1,419 km (881 mi). Inclination: 82.50 deg. Period: 114.20 min.
Three military Strela-3 and three civilian equivalent Gonets-D1 satellites orbited in a single launch.

2002 July 8 - Cosmos 2390 - Program: Strela. Launch Site: Plesetsk. Launch Vehicle: Kosmos 3. Mass: 225 kg (496 lb). Perigee: 1,466 km (910 mi). Apogee: 1,507 km (936 mi). Inclination: 82.50 deg.
The Kosmos-3M rocket launched a pair of Russian Defense Ministry Strela-3 communications relay satellites. Previously Strela-3 satellites were launched in groups of six aboard Tsiklon rockets into 1390 x 1415 km orbits, significantly lower than this new profile. Strela-3 satellites were used by the GRU intelligence agency.

2002 July 8 - Cosmos 2391 - Program: Strela. Launch Site: Plesetsk. Launch Vehicle: Kosmos 3. Mass: 225 kg (496 lb). Perigee: 1,466 km (910 mi). Apogee: 1,507 km (936 mi). Inclination: 82.50 deg.

2003 August 19 - Cosmos 2401 - Program: Strela. Launch Site: Plesetsk. Launch Vehicle: Kosmos 3. Mass: 225 kg (496 lb). Perigee: 1,467 km (911 mi). Apogee: 1,500 km (900 mi). Inclination: 82.50 deg. Period: 115.60 min.

2003 August 19 - Cosmos 2400 - Program: Strela. Launch Site: Plesetsk. Launch Vehicle: Kosmos 3. Mass: 225 kg (496 lb). Perigee: 1,469 km (912 mi). Apogee: 1,501 km (932 mi). Inclination: 82.50 deg. Period: 115.70 min.

2004 September 23 - Cosmos 2409 - Program: Strela. Launch Site: Plesetsk. Launch Vehicle: Kosmos 3. Mass: 225 kg (496 lb). Perigee: 1,475 km (916 mi). Apogee: 1,494 km (928 mi). Inclination: 82.50 deg. Period: 115.60 min.

2004 September 23 - Cosmos 2408 - Program: Strela. Launch Site: Plesetsk. Launch Vehicle: Kosmos 3. Mass: 225 kg (496 lb). Perigee: 1,472 km (914 mi). Apogee: 1,495 km (928 mi). Inclination: 82.50 deg. Period: 115.60 min.
Launch to replenish Strela-3 military store-dump communications satellite constellation.

2005 December 21 - Cosmos 2416 - Launch Site: Plesetsk. Launch Vehicle: Kosmos 3. Mass: 225 kg (496 lb). Perigee: 1,440 km (890 mi). Apogee: 1,450 km (900 mi). Inclination: 82.50 deg.
Russian military satellite dubbed Rodnik, possibly a new design to replace the Strela-3 in the store-dump survivable communications satellite constellation.

2008 May 23 - Cosmos 2439 - Launch Site: Plesetsk. Launch Vehicle: UR-100N. Perigee: 1,479 km (919 mi). Apogee: 1,509 km (937 mi). Inclination: 82.50 deg. Period: 115.80 min.

2008 May 23 - Yubileyniy - Launch Site: Plesetsk. Launch Vehicle: UR-100N. Perigee: 1,480 km (910 mi). Apogee: 1,508 km (937 mi). Inclination: 82.50 deg. Period: 115.80 min.
Test satellite with an amateur radio payload to commemorate (belatedly) the 50th anniversary of Sputnik.

2008 May 23 - Cosmos 2437 - Launch Site: Plesetsk. Launch Vehicle: UR-100N. Perigee: 1,480 km (910 mi). Apogee: 1,510 km (930 mi). Inclination: 82.50 deg. Period: 115.90 min.
Three Gonets store/dump communications satellites lofted in a single launch.

2008 May 23 - Cosmos 2438 - Launch Site: Plesetsk. Launch Vehicle: UR-100N. Perigee: 1,477 km (917 mi). Apogee: 1,508 km (937 mi). Inclination: 82.50 deg. Period: 115.80 min.

Bibliography:

McDowell, Jonathan, Jonathan's Space Home Page (launch records), Harvard University, 1997-present. Web Address when accessed: http://www.planet4589.org/jsr.html.
JPL Mission and Spacecraft Library, Jet Propulsion Laboratory, 1997. Web Address when accessed: http://msl.jpl.nasa.gov/home.html.
Voevodin, Sergey A, VSA072 - Space Apparatus, "Sergey A. Voevodin's Reports", Web Address when accessed: http://home.attbi.com/~rusaerog/spacecraft.html.
Novosti Kosmonavtiki, "Rossiya. Zapushcheni 3 KA 'Gonets' i KA 'Kosmos-2337, 2338, 2339'", 1997, Issue 4, page 54.
McDowell, Jonathan, Launch Log, October 1998. Web Address when accessed: http://hea-www.harvard.edu/~jcm/space/log/launch.html.
National Space Science Center Planetary Page, As of 19 February 1999.. Web Address when accessed: http://nssdc.gsfc.nasa.gov/planetary/planetary_home.html.
Melnik, T G, Voenno-Kosmicheskiy Siliy, Nauka, Moscow, 1997..
Frolov, I, Kosmodrom, "Kratkiy istoricheskiy obzor sovietskikh (rossiyskikh) voennikh sredstv", No. 8, 1999, p. 21..
NASA/GSFC Orbital Information Group Website, Web Address when accessed: http://oig1.gsfc.nasa.gov/.
Space-Launcher.com, Orbital Report News Agency. Web Address when accessed: http://www.orbireport.com/Log.html.

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