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Article Number: 11F692M. Manufacturer's Designation: 4KMKM. Class: Surveillance. Type: Military. Destination: Surveillance Orbit. Nation: Russia. Agency: MOM. Manufacturer: Kozlov.

A further modification of the Zenit-4MK, accepted for military service in 1976, entered service in 1978. May be simply the low-altitude variant of the Zenit-6U. Improved high resolution, maneuverable; (two-tone telemetry). Typical orbital profile: inclination 62.8 degrees, 180-325 km altitude, maneuvering to 170-315 km; inclination 65 degrees, 205-300 km altitude maneuvering to 170-305 km; inclination 72.8 degrees, 205-340 km altitude, maneuvering to 170-315 km. Designed duration: 12 or 14 days. Transmission frequencies observed in West: 19.989 FSK; 39.978 FSK; 232.0 PPM-AM.

Typical orbit: 189 km x 322 km at 62.8 to 81.3 degrees inclinatio. Mass: 6,300 kg (13,800 lb).

Zenit-4MKM Chronology
  • 1977 July 12 - Cosmos 927 - Launch Site: Plesetsk. Launch Complex: -. Launch Vehicle: Soyuz. Mass: 6,300 kg (13,800 lb). Perigee: 153 km (95 mi). Apogee: 361 km (224 mi). Inclination: 72.90 deg. Period: 89.70 min. Duration: 13.00 days.
    High resolution photo reconnaissance satellite; returned film capsule; maneuverable.

  • 1977 July 20 - Cosmos 932 - Launch Site: Baikonur. Launch Complex: LC1. Launch Vehicle: Soyuz. Mass: 6,300 kg (13,800 lb). Perigee: 150 km (90 mi). Apogee: 358 km (222 mi). Inclination: 65.00 deg. Period: 89.60 min. Duration: 13.00 days.
    High resolution photo reconnaissance satellite; returned film capsule; maneuverable.

  • 1977 August 10 - Zenit-4MKM - Launch Site: Baikonur. Launch Complex: LC31. Launch Vehicle: Soyuz. FAILURE: Failure.
    High resolution photo reconnaissance mission.

  • 1977 August 24 - Cosmos 938 - Launch Site: Plesetsk. Launch Complex: -. Launch Vehicle: Soyuz. Mass: 6,300 kg (13,800 lb). Perigee: 181 km (112 mi). Apogee: 340 km (210 mi). Inclination: 62.80 deg. Period: 89.70 min. Duration: 13.00 days.
    High resolution photo reconnaissance satellite; returned film capsule; maneuverable.

  • 1977 September 16 - Cosmos 953 - Launch Site: Plesetsk. Launch Complex: -. Launch Vehicle: Soyuz. Mass: 6,300 kg (13,800 lb). Perigee: 180 km (110 mi). Apogee: 330 km (200 mi). Inclination: 62.80 deg. Period: 89.60 min. Duration: 13.00 days.
    High resolution photo reconnaissance satellite; returned film capsule; maneuverable.

  • 1977 September 30 - Cosmos 957 - Launch Site: Baikonur. Launch Complex: LC1. Launch Vehicle: Soyuz. Mass: 6,000 kg (13,200 lb). Perigee: 171 km (106 mi). Apogee: 361 km (224 mi). Inclination: 65.00 deg. Period: 89.80 min. Duration: 13.00 days.
    High resolution photo reconnaissance satellite; returned film capsule

  • 1977 December 4 - Cosmos 964 - Launch Site: Plesetsk. Launch Complex: -. Launch Vehicle: Soyuz. Mass: 6,300 kg (13,800 lb). Perigee: 171 km (106 mi). Apogee: 362 km (224 mi). Inclination: 72.90 deg. Period: 89.90 min. Duration: 13.00 days.
    High resolution photo reconnaissance satellite; returned film capsule; maneuverable.

  • 1977 December 20 - Cosmos 969 - Launch Site: Plesetsk. Launch Complex: -. Launch Vehicle: Soyuz. Mass: 6,300 kg (13,800 lb). Perigee: 180 km (110 mi). Apogee: 317 km (196 mi). Inclination: 62.80 deg. Period: 89.50 min. Duration: 14.00 days.
    High resolution photo reconnaissance satellite; returned film capsule; maneuverable.

  • 1978 January 6 - Cosmos 974 - Launch Site: Plesetsk. Launch Complex: -. Launch Vehicle: Soyuz. Mass: 6,300 kg (13,800 lb). Perigee: 178 km (110 mi). Apogee: 334 km (207 mi). Inclination: 62.80 deg. Period: 89.60 min. Duration: 13.00 days.
    High resolution photo reconnaissance satellite; returned film capsule; maneuverable.

  • 1978 January 24 - Cosmos 986 - Launch Site: Baikonur. Launch Complex: LC1. Launch Vehicle: Soyuz. Mass: 6,300 kg (13,800 lb). Perigee: 172 km (106 mi). Apogee: 318 km (197 mi). Inclination: 65.00 deg. Period: 89.40 min. Duration: 14.00 days.
    High resolution photo reconnaissance satellite; returned film capsule; maneuverable.

  • 1978 January 31 - Cosmos 987 - Launch Site: Plesetsk. Launch Complex: -. Launch Vehicle: Soyuz. Mass: 6,300 kg (13,800 lb). Perigee: 189 km (117 mi). Apogee: 322 km (200 mi). Inclination: 62.80 deg. Period: 89.60 min. Duration: 14.00 days.
    High resolution photo reconnaissance satellite; returned film capsule; maneuverable.

  • 1978 February 14 - Cosmos 989 - Launch Site: Baikonur. Launch Complex: LC1. Launch Vehicle: Soyuz. Mass: 6,300 kg (13,800 lb). Perigee: 169 km (105 mi). Apogee: 318 km (197 mi). Inclination: 65.10 deg. Period: 89.40 min. Duration: 14.00 days.
    High resolution photo reconnaissance satellite; returned film capsule; maneuverable.

  • 1978 March 10 - Cosmos 993 - Launch Site: Plesetsk. Launch Complex: -. Launch Vehicle: Soyuz. Mass: 6,300 kg (13,800 lb). Perigee: 190 km (110 mi). Apogee: 325 km (201 mi). Inclination: 72.80 deg. Period: 89.60 min. Duration: 13.00 days.
    High resolution photo reconnaissance satellite; returned film capsule; maneuverable.

  • 1978 March 30 - Cosmos 999 - Launch Site: Baikonur. Launch Complex: LC1. Launch Vehicle: Soyuz. Mass: 6,300 kg (13,800 lb). Perigee: 174 km (108 mi). Apogee: 352 km (218 mi). Inclination: 71.40 deg. Period: 89.80 min. Duration: 13.00 days.
    High resolution photo reconnaissance satellite; returned film capsule; maneuverable.

  • 1978 April 20 - Cosmos 1003 - Launch Site: Plesetsk. Launch Complex: -. Launch Vehicle: Soyuz. Mass: 6,300 kg (13,800 lb). Perigee: 178 km (110 mi). Apogee: 328 km (203 mi). Inclination: 62.80 deg. Period: 89.50 min. Duration: 14.00 days.
    High resolution photo reconnaissance satellite; returned film capsule; maneuverable.

  • 1978 May 16 - Cosmos 1007 - Launch Site: Plesetsk. Launch Complex: -. Launch Vehicle: Soyuz. Mass: 6,300 kg (13,800 lb). Perigee: 168 km (104 mi). Apogee: 350 km (210 mi). Inclination: 72.80 deg. Period: 89.70 min. Duration: 13.00 days.
    High resolution photo reconnaissance satellite; returned film capsule; maneuverable; also performed earth resources tasks.

  • 1978 June 10 - Cosmos 1021 - Launch Site: Baikonur. Launch Complex: LC1. Launch Vehicle: Soyuz. Mass: 6,300 kg (13,800 lb). Perigee: 173 km (107 mi). Apogee: 313 km (194 mi). Inclination: 65.00 deg. Period: 89.40 min. Duration: 13.00 days.
    High resolution photo reconnaissance satellite; returned film capsule; maneuverable.

  • 1978 June 12 - Cosmos 1022 - Launch Site: Plesetsk. Launch Complex: -. Launch Vehicle: Soyuz. Mass: 6,300 kg (13,800 lb). Perigee: 171 km (106 mi). Apogee: 344 km (213 mi). Inclination: 72.80 deg. Period: 89.70 min. Duration: 13.00 days.
    High resolution photo reconnaissance satellite; returned film capsule; maneuverable.

  • 1978 August 29 - Cosmos 1029 - Launch Site: Plesetsk. Launch Complex: -. Launch Vehicle: Soyuz. Mass: 6,300 kg (13,800 lb). Perigee: 194 km (120 mi). Apogee: 316 km (196 mi). Inclination: 62.80 deg. Period: 89.60 min. Duration: 10.00 days.
    High resolution photo reconnaissance satellite; returned film capsule; maneuverable.

  • 1978 September 9 - Cosmos 1031 - Launch Site: Plesetsk. Launch Complex: -. Launch Vehicle: Soyuz. Mass: 6,300 kg (13,800 lb). Perigee: 182 km (113 mi). Apogee: 329 km (204 mi). Inclination: 62.80 deg. Period: 89.60 min. Duration: 13.00 days.
    High resolution photo reconnaissance satellite; returned film capsule; maneuverable.

  • 1978 October 6 - Cosmos 1042 - Launch Site: Plesetsk. Launch Complex: -. Launch Vehicle: Soyuz. Mass: 6,300 kg (13,800 lb). Perigee: 179 km (111 mi). Apogee: 299 km (185 mi). Inclination: 62.80 deg. Period: 89.30 min. Duration: 13.00 days.
    High resolution photo reconnaissance satellite; returned film capsule; maneuverable.

  • 1978 November 15 - Cosmos 1047 - Launch Site: Plesetsk. Launch Complex: -. Launch Vehicle: Soyuz. Mass: 6,300 kg (13,800 lb). Perigee: 171 km (106 mi). Apogee: 354 km (219 mi). Inclination: 72.90 deg. Period: 89.80 min. Duration: 13.00 days.
    High resolution photo reconnaissance satellite; returned film capsule; maneuverable.

  • 1978 November 21 - Cosmos 1049 - Launch Site: Plesetsk. Launch Complex: -. Launch Vehicle: Soyuz. Mass: 6,300 kg (13,800 lb). Perigee: 169 km (105 mi). Apogee: 338 km (210 mi). Inclination: 72.90 deg. Period: 89.60 min. Duration: 13.00 days.
    High resolution photo reconnaissance satellite; returned film capsule; maneuverable.

  • 1978 December 7 - Cosmos 1059 - Launch Site: Plesetsk. Launch Complex: -. Launch Vehicle: Soyuz. Mass: 6,300 kg (13,800 lb). Perigee: 180 km (110 mi). Apogee: 338 km (210 mi). Inclination: 62.80 deg. Period: 89.70 min. Duration: 13.00 days.
    High resolution photo reconnaissance satellite; returned film capsule; maneuverable.

  • 1978 December 26 - Cosmos 1068 - Launch Site: Plesetsk. Launch Complex: -. Launch Vehicle: Soyuz. Mass: 6,300 kg (13,800 lb). Perigee: 191 km (118 mi). Apogee: 389 km (241 mi). Inclination: 62.80 deg. Period: 90.40 min. Duration: 13.00 days.
    High resolution photo reconnaissance satellite; returned film capsule; maneuverable.

  • 1979 January 13 - Cosmos 1071 - Launch Site: Plesetsk. Launch Complex: -. Launch Vehicle: Soyuz. Mass: 6,300 kg (13,800 lb). Perigee: 179 km (111 mi). Apogee: 339 km (210 mi). Inclination: 62.80 deg. Period: 89.70 min. Duration: 13.00 days.
    High resolution photo reconnaissance satellite; returned film capsule; maneuverable.

  • 1979 January 30 - Cosmos 1073 - Launch Site: Plesetsk. Launch Complex: -. Launch Vehicle: Soyuz. Mass: 6,300 kg (13,800 lb). Perigee: 182 km (113 mi). Apogee: 328 km (203 mi). Inclination: 62.80 deg. Period: 89.60 min. Duration: 29.00 days.
    High resolution photo reconnaissance satellite; returned film capsule; maneuverable.

  • 1979 February 22 - Cosmos 1078 - Launch Site: Plesetsk. Launch Complex: -. Launch Vehicle: Soyuz. Mass: 6,300 kg (13,800 lb). Perigee: 168 km (104 mi). Apogee: 280 km (170 mi). Inclination: 72.90 deg. Period: 89.00 min. Duration: 8.00 days.
    High resolution photo reconnaissance satellite; returned film capsule; maneuverable.

  • 1979 March 14 - Cosmos 1080 - Launch Site: Plesetsk. Launch Complex: -. Launch Vehicle: Soyuz. Mass: 6,300 kg (13,800 lb). Perigee: 169 km (105 mi). Apogee: 294 km (182 mi). Inclination: 72.90 deg. Period: 89.10 min. Duration: 14.00 days.
    High resolution photo reconnaissance satellite; returned film capsule; maneuverable.

  • 1979 May 15 - Cosmos 1098 - Launch Site: Plesetsk. Launch Complex: -. Launch Vehicle: Soyuz. Mass: 6,300 kg (13,800 lb). Perigee: 170 km (100 mi). Apogee: 354 km (219 mi). Inclination: 72.90 deg. Period: 89.80 min. Duration: 13.00 days.
    High resolution photo reconnaissance satellite; returned film capsule; maneuverable; also performed earth resources tasks.

  • 1979 July 10 - Cosmos 1113 - Launch Site: Baikonur. Launch Complex: LC1. Launch Vehicle: Soyuz. Mass: 6,300 kg (13,800 lb). Perigee: 173 km (107 mi). Apogee: 330 km (200 mi). Inclination: 65.00 deg. Period: 89.50 min. Duration: 13.00 days.
    High resolution photo reconnaissance satellite; returned film capsule; maneuverable.

  • 1979 July 25 - Cosmos 1117 - Launch Site: Plesetsk. Launch Complex: -. Launch Vehicle: Soyuz. Mass: 6,300 kg (13,800 lb). Perigee: 177 km (109 mi). Apogee: 325 km (201 mi). Inclination: 62.80 deg. Period: 89.50 min. Duration: 13.00 days.
    High resolution photo reconnaissance satellite; returned film capsule; maneuverable.

  • 1979 August 11 - Cosmos 1120 - Launch Site: Baikonur. Launch Complex: LC1. Launch Vehicle: Soyuz. Mass: 6,300 kg (13,800 lb). Perigee: 170 km (100 mi). Apogee: 362 km (224 mi). Inclination: 70.60 deg. Period: 89.80 min. Duration: 13.00 days.
    High resolution photo reconnaissance satellite; returned film capsule; maneuverable.

  • 1979 September 14 - Cosmos 1128 - Launch Site: Plesetsk. Launch Complex: -. Launch Vehicle: Soyuz. Mass: 6,300 kg (13,800 lb). Perigee: 173 km (107 mi). Apogee: 328 km (203 mi). Inclination: 62.80 deg. Period: 89.50 min. Duration: 13.00 days.
    High resolution photo reconnaissance satellite; returned film capsule; maneuverable.

  • 1979 December 28 - Cosmos 1148 - Launch Site: Plesetsk. Launch Complex: -. Launch Vehicle: Soyuz. Mass: 6,300 kg (13,800 lb). Perigee: 170 km (100 mi). Apogee: 340 km (210 mi). Inclination: 67.10 deg. Period: 89.60 min. Duration: 13.00 days.
    High resolution photo reconnaissance satellite; returned film capsule; maneuverable.

  • 1980 February 21 - Cosmos 1165 - Launch Site: Plesetsk. Launch Complex: -. Launch Vehicle: Soyuz. Mass: 6,300 kg (13,800 lb). Perigee: 170 km (100 mi). Apogee: 350 km (210 mi). Inclination: 72.90 deg. Period: 89.70 min. Duration: 13.00 days.
    High resolution photo reconnaissance satellite; returned film capsule

  • 1980 April 1 - Cosmos 1170 - Launch Site: Baikonur. Launch Complex: LC1. Launch Vehicle: Soyuz. Mass: 6,300 kg (13,800 lb). Perigee: 178 km (110 mi). Apogee: 379 km (235 mi). Inclination: 70.40 deg. Period: 90.10 min. Duration: 11.00 days.
    High resolution photo reconnaissance satellite; returned film capsule; maneuverable.

  • 1980 April 17 - Cosmos 1173 - Launch Site: Baikonur. Launch Complex: LC1. Launch Vehicle: Soyuz. Mass: 6,300 kg (13,800 lb). Perigee: 174 km (108 mi). Apogee: 352 km (218 mi). Inclination: 70.30 deg. Period: 89.80 min. Duration: 11.00 days.
    High resolution photo reconnaissance satellite; returned film capsule; maneuverable.

  • 1980 October 10 - Cosmos 1214 - Launch Site: Plesetsk. Launch Complex: -. Launch Vehicle: Soyuz. Mass: 6,300 kg (13,800 lb). Perigee: 170 km (100 mi). Apogee: 347 km (215 mi). Inclination: 67.20 deg. Period: 89.70 min. Duration: 13.00 days.
    High resolution photo reconnaissance satellite; returned film capsule; maneuverable.

Bibliography:

  • McDowell, Jonathan, Jonathan's Space Home Page (launch records), Harvard University, 1997-present. Web Address when accessed: http://www.planet4589.org/jsr.html.
  • JPL Mission and Spacecraft Library, Jet Propulsion Laboratory, 1997. Web Address when accessed: http://msl.jpl.nasa.gov/home.html.
  • Isakowitz, Steven J,, International Reference to Space Launch Systems Second Edition, AIAA, Washington DC, 1991 (succeeded by 2000 edition).
  • Voevodin, Sergey A, VSA072 - Space Apparatus, "Sergey A. Voevodin's Reports", Web Address when accessed: http://home.attbi.com/~rusaerog/spacecraft.html.
  • Grahn, Sven, Sven Grahn's Space History Pages, Web Address when accessed: http://www.svengrahn.pp.se/.
  • Melnik, T G, Voenno-Kosmicheskiy Siliy, Nauka, Moscow, 1997..
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