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Potok
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Potok was one element of the second generation global command and control system (GKKRS) developed according to a decree of 17 February 1976. The first of ten spacecraft was launched as Cosmos 1366 in 1982. These satellites were integrated with the Luch geostationary system and featured retransmission of high rate data retransmission in the centimeter wavelength range. While Luch handled communications between spacecraft and ground stations, Potok handled communications between fixed points and digital data from the Yantar-4KS1 electroptical reconnaissance satellite. Potok was the first communications spacecraft built by the Lavochkin design bureau. The Slav-2 and Sintez transponders aboard Potok were developed by G Ya Guskov at NPO Elas.
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Luch
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Luch was an element of the second generation global command and control system (GKKRS) developed according to a decree of 17 February 1976 and deployed in the first half of the 1980's. Luch satellites, analogous to the US TDRS, provided communications service to the Mir space station, Buran space shuttle, Soyuz-TM spacecraft, military satellites, and the TsUPK ground control center. They also served to provide mobile fleet communications for the Soviet Navy. Modifications of the basic design were known as Altair, Gelios, and Luch. The modernized Luch-2 model allowed two high data rate channels to operate simultaneously, permitting transmission of real-time television from Mir. Each satellite was equipped with three transponders and had a nominal life of five years. By January 1999 five had been launched.
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Forpost
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Communications satellite - Soviet Ministry of Defense. No other details available.
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Ekspress
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The Ekspress series communications satellite closely resembled the Gals spacecraft and shared a similar spacecraft bus. Ekspress replaced the Gorizont spacecraft, with deployment to 13 geosynchronous positions beginning in 1994 and continuing beyond 2005.
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Gals
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Direct broadcasting satellite (new generation of satellites) intended for development of the Russian television system and international cooperation.
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Yamal
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The Yamal communications satellite bus was developed by RKK Energia for Gazprom. Due to their compact size and low mass, Yamal spacecraft could be launched two at a time by a Proton booster.
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© Mark Wade, 1997 - 2008 except where otherwise noted.
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