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Short Description
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ISS 1996
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The Space Shuttle docks with the International Space Station.
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stsiss96.jpg
350 x 262
21.7 kb
Credit:
NASA via Marcus Lindroos
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ISS 1996
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ISS 1993
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1993 International Space Station
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ssa93.jpg
545 x 480
67.7 kb
Credit:
NASA via Marcus Lindroos
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ISS 1993
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1993 ISS Diagram
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ss93diag.gif
385 x 320
5.3 kb
Credit:
NASA via Marcus Lindroos
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1993 ISS Diagram
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1993 ISS Cost
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1993 International Space Station - ISS Plan. Despite its additional capabilities, the International Space Station's Fiscal 1994-2000 budget was actually lower than for any of the other redesigns. However, the International Space Station assembly sequence will now require another five years beyond the original completion date.
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ss93cost.gif
597 x 418
17.9 kb
Credit:
NASA via Marcus Lindroos
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1993 ISS Cost
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Space Station Alpha
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The "compromise option" eventually chosen by Clinton was Option A.
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alpha3.jpg
537 x 473
59.7 kb
Credit:
NASA via Marcus Lindroos
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Space Station Alpha
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Space Station Alpha
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Later, additional laboratories and a habitation module could be added to create the complete Option A Space Station shown here.
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alpham.jpg
608 x 456
74.7 kb
Credit:
NASA via Marcus Lindroos
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Space Station Alpha
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1994 ISS
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1993 International Space Station - ISS Plan. NASA presented Clinton with two final options: the small 4-man US-only "Alpha" Station approved in June or the larger and much more capable 6-crew "Russian Alpha" design shown here. President Clinton chose the latter option, essentially merging the American SS Freedom and Russian "Mir-2" projects into a new International Space Station (ISS).
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isssts94.jpg
608 x 456
67.1 kb
Credit:
NASA via Marcus Lindroos
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1994 ISS
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1993 ISS
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1993 International Space Station - ISS Plan. The International Space Station work distribution plan from 1999.
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issstar9.jpg
608 x 456
73.7 kb
Credit:
NASA via Marcus Lindroos
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1993 ISS
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1995 ISS Diagram
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1995 International Space Station - ISS Plan.
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ss94diag.gif
559 x 397
12.7 kb
Credit:
NASA via Marcus Lindroos
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1995 ISS Diagram
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1994 ISS
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1994 International Space Station - ISS Plan. Another view of the International Space Station. Technologically, ISS reversed the continuing trend (since 1986) toward a smaller and less capable Station. The new configuration reintroduced the US laboratory and node module into the design. ISS will have more science racks than Freedom and provide more power for experiments. The total mass in orbit is 370 metric tons, so the International Space Station weighs almost twice as much as Space Station Freedom.
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stsiss94.jpg
574 x 480
50.3 kb
Credit:
NASA via Marcus Lindroos
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1994 ISS
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Venturestar/ISS
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Venturestar docks to ISS, 1994 Concept. Lockheed-Martin's "Aeroballistic Rocket" spaceplane -- now called Venturestar -- docks with the Space Station. This 1994 illustration shows what the "Alpha" International Space Station would look like, without Russian modules.
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vstar94i.jpg
608 x 456
38.6 kb
Credit:
NASA via Marcus Lindroos
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Venturestar/ISS
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American ISS Segment
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Space Transportation & American ISS Segment. Interior of the US laboratory module. The pressurized modules and about 70% of the hardware developed for the old Space Station Freedom project will be adopted for the International Space Station as well.
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isslabip.jpg
608 x 383
42.2 kb
Credit:
NASA via Marcus Lindroos
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American ISS Segment
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ISS Zarya
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fgb.jpg
567 x 300
42.3 kb
Credit:
NASA via Marcus Lindroos
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ISS Zarya
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European ISS Contrib
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Other European ISS Contributions. ESA will also contribute two Node modules worth $115 million free of charge, in return for receiving a "free" Space Shuttle flight from the Americans to launch the Columbus Orbiting Facility (COF).
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node2.jpg
608 x 364
27.9 kb
Credit:
ESA via Marcus Lindroos
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European ISS Contrib
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NASA Manned Budget
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NASA Manned Spaceflight Budget 1975-2004
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image15.gif
724 x 556
8.9 kb
Credit:
Marcus Lindroos
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NASA Manned Budget
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ISS
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iss.gif
512 x 359
11.7 kb
Credit:
NASA via Marcus Lindroos
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ISS
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ISS
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isstotal.jpg
608 x 259
26.6 kb
Credit:
NASA via Marcus Lindroos
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ISS
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Space Station Cost
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Space Station - What Does It Cost?. Today, it appears the huge cost of the Space Shuttle (STS) and Space Station (ISS) programs will prevent NASA from doing any other manned space projects such as lunar or Mars missions. The U.S. space budget has been fairly constant since the mid-1970s and is not expected to change in the foreseeable future.
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image14.gif
640 x 437
10.9 kb
Credit:
Marcus Lindroos
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Space Station Cost
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Space Station Cost
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Annual Cost to first Assembly Flight of the Various US Station Programs. Perhaps the most controversial aspect of the Space Station project has been its cost and the project's opponents and proponents frequently cite various figures to backup their claims. Here is a quick summary of what the project has cost so far.
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ssrdcost.gif
640 x 438
8.5 kb
Credit:
NASA via Marcus Lindroos
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Space Station Cost
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Alpha
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alpha5.jpg
608 x 459
78.8 kb
Credit:
NASA via Marcus Lindroos
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Alpha
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Alpha
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alpha.gif
432 x 359
6.5 kb
Credit:
NASA via Marcus Lindroos
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Alpha
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