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MiG-31NS
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Orbital launch vehicle air-launched from a MiG-31 fighter....more.
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212
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Korolev's second design for a rocket-propelled cruise missile. It was flight tested twice after his arrest in 1939 but work was then abandoned....more.
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ALARR
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Two stage vehicle consisting of 1 x F4D Phantom + 1 x Genie-Alarr...more.
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ALCM
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...more.
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AltAir
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Single-stage launch vehicle air dropped from a C-130 consisting of a surplus Minuteman SR19 stage and a payload section....more.
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Astroliner
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The Kelly Space & Technology Astroliner Space Launch System was a two-stage-to-orbit, towed space launch concept. Towing an aerodynamic vehicle to an altitude of...more.
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Bizan
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Bizan was the 1982 Soviet air-launched spaceplane design iteration between the '49' and 'MAKS' concepts. Like the '49', it was air-launched from atop an An-124...more.
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Bizan-T
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Air launched from catamaran heavy-life aircraft, predecessor of later Gerakl / Molniya-1000 design. 900 tonnes takeoff mass. Release conditions: Suspended load,...more.
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Black Colt
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Winged, first stage of a launch vehicle using aerial refueling and existing engines. Takes off from runway; rendezvous with tanker to load oxidizer; then flies...more.
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Black Horse
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Winged, single stage to orbit launch vehicle using aerial refueling and lower performance, non-cryogenic propellants. Takes off from runway at 22,000 kg gross weight;...more.
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Blue Steel
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...more.
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Bold Orion
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Anti-ballistic missile, air-launched from a B-47 Stratojet, consisting of a Sergeant booster and an Altair upper stage....more.
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Burlak
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Burlak air-launched satellite launcher was proposed in 1992 and studied by Germany in 1992-1994. Evidently based on secret anti-satellite missile. Air launched...more.
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Caleb
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Heavily classifed project related to air-launched ASAT development. Launch tests in 1958. NOTS project staff believed they successully orbited a satellite but unconfirmed....more.
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Crossbow
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American air-to-surface missile, development started in 1957. Program cancelled in 1958....more.
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D-21
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Project 'Tagboard', Project 'Senior Bowl'. Mach 3.5 ramjet recoverable reconnaisance drone air-launched from back of A-12 or with booster rocket from B-52....more.
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Herakles
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Launch vehicle design by NPO Molniya / TsAGI that would utilize air launch from a giant cargo aircraft capable of lifting 900 tonne payloads. The single stage to...more.
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High Virgo
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Two stage vehicle consisting of 1 x B-58 Hustler + 1 x TX-20 Sergeant...more.
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Jaguar B-57
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Three stage vehicle air launched from a B-57A Canberra. The rocket consisted of consisting of 3 x Recruit + 1 x Recruit + 1 x Baby Sergeant...more.
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LII Spaceplane
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LII (the Gromov Experimental Flight Institute at Zhukoskiy) designed several alternate spaceplane concepts for air-launch from the An-225 transport. These were similar to the various MAKS concepts....more.
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LRALT
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Air-launched anti-ballistic missile target composed of two surplus SR19 states in tandem....more.
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MAKS
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The MAKS spaceplane was the ultimate development of the air-launched spaceplane studies conducted by NPO Molniya. The draft project for MAKS was completed in 1988...more.
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Pathfinder
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Pioneer Rocketplane planned in the late 1990's to produce the Pathfinder aerial-refueled spaceplane. The two-seat fighter-bomber-sized aircraft was to be powered...more.
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Pegasus
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Privately-funded, air-launched winged light satellite launcher....more.
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Project Pilot
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The US Navy's satellite launcher project competed with the Army's Jupiter-C, the Air Force Atlas, and the civilian Vanguard. Air-launched satellite launch vehicle,...more.
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Rascal
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American air-to-surface missile, development started in 1946. Program cancelled in 1958. Project originated as Bell Aircraft Corp / AAF / Project MX-776. Requirement...more.
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Rascal SLV
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Expendable rocket air-launched from a supersonic aircraft with engines modified using a technology called Mass Injected Pre-Compressor Cooling (MIPCC), where a...more.
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Rockaire
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This USAF version of the Navy Rockair (research rocket launched from aircraft) vehicle consisted of a Deacon rocket launched from an F-86D Sabrejet fighter....more.
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Rockoon
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The Rockoon (balloon-launched rocket) consisted of a small high-performance sounding rocket launched from a balloon above most of the atmosphere. The Rockoon low-cost...more.
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Skybolt
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American strategic air-to-surface ballistic missile, development started in 1960. Program cancelled amid huge controversy in 1963 after Britain had agreed to buy...more.
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SLC-1
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Nanosat air-launched orbital vehicle which would be dropped from a boosted F-4 carrier aircraft....more.
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Sparoair
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Air-launched two stage vehicle consisting of tandem Sparrow air-to-air missile motors....more.
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SR19
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Single stage vehicle consisting of 1 surplus Minuteman 2 SR19AJ1 motor air-dropped from a C-130 transport. Similar to the SVC AltAir concept....more.
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SRAM
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Short Range Attack Missile...more.
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System 49
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The Spiral project was not cancelled with the decision to proceed with the large Buran spaceplane. Instead flight test of the orbiter continued but the launcher...more.
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Vehra
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Dassault design for an air-launched experimental reusable launch vehicle. It would be launched from Novespace's Airbus 300 zero-G aircraft. The lifting-body design...more.
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X-15
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...more.
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X-15/Blue Scout
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In March 1962, NASA proposed an orbital launch vehicle using the B-52/X-15 combination. A Blue Scout booster would be fitted to an extendable launch rail on the...more.
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X-34
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NASA failed to attract industry co-investment to develop the original X-34A air-launched, reusable, low-technology, low-cost orbital launch vehicle concept. So...more.
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X4
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German wire-guided air-to-air missile. 8 kg of pressure-fed Salbei + Tonka 250 propellants provided a thrust that varied from 140 kgf down to 30 kgf over the 17...more.
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