Ariane 1 L01

Orbital launch vehicle. Country: France. Status: Retired 2003.

First successful European commercial launch vehicle, developed from L3S Europa launch vehicle replacement design. Development of the Ariane 1 was authorised in July 1973, took eight years, and cost 2 billion 1986 Euros.

Manufacturer: Les Mureaux. Launches: 144. Failures: 7. Success Rate: 95.14%. First Launch Date: 1979-12-24. Last Launch Date: 2003-02-15. Launch data is: complete. Version:

Ariane 1. Manufacturer's Designation: L3S.

First version of the Ariane launch vehicle.

Launches: 11. Failures: 2. First Launch Date: 1979-12-24. Last Launch Date: 1986-02-22. LEO Payload: 1,400 kg (3,000 lb). Payload: 1,850 kg (4,070 lb). to a: Geosynchronous transfer, 7 deg inclination trajectory. Apogee: 40,000 km (24,000 mi). Associated Spacecraft: AS 3000, CAT, ECS/OTS, Firewheel, Giotto, Insat 1, Intelsat 5, Meteosat, Oscar, SIRIO, SPOT-1-2-3, Viking (Sweden). Liftoff Thrust: 2,446.500 kN (549,995 lbf). Total Mass: 207,200 kg (456,700 lb). Core Diameter: 3.80 m (12.40 ft). Total Length: 50.00 m (164.00 ft). Launch Price $: 32.000 million. in: 1985 price dollars.

• Stage1: 1 x Ariane 1-1. Gross Mass: 160,030 kg (352,800 lb). Empty Mass: 13,750 kg (30,310 lb). Motor: 4 x Viking 2. Thrust (vac): 2,771.940 kN (623,157 lbf). Isp: 281 sec. Burn time: 145 sec. Length: 18.40 m (60.30 ft). Diameter: 3.80 m (12.40 ft). Propellants: N2O4/UDMH.

• Stage2: 1 x Ariane 1-2. Gross Mass: 37,130 kg (81,850 lb). Empty Mass: 3,625 kg (7,991 lb). Motor: 1 x Viking 4. Thrust (vac): 720.965 kN (162,079 lbf). Isp: 296 sec. Burn time: 132 sec. Length: 11.50 m (37.70 ft). Diameter: 2.60 m (8.50 ft). Propellants: N2O4/UDMH.

• Stage3: 1 x Ariane H8. Gross Mass: 9,687 kg (21,356 lb). Empty Mass: 1,457 kg (3,212 lb). Motor: 1 x HM7-A. Thrust (vac): 61.674 kN (13,865 lbf). Isp: 443 sec. Burn time: 563 sec. Length: 10.23 m (33.56 ft). Diameter: 2.66 m (8.72 ft). Propellants: Lox/LH2.

• Stage4: 1 x Mage 1. Gross Mass: 369 kg (813 lb). Empty Mass: 34 kg (74 lb). Motor: 1 x Mage 1. Thrust (vac): 19.397 kN (4,361 lbf). Isp: 295 sec. Burn time: 50 sec. Length: 1.13 m (3.70 ft). Diameter: 0.77 m (2.52 ft). Propellants: Solid.

Payload: 2,580 kg (5,680 lb). to a: Geosynchronous transfer, 7 deg inclination trajectory. Associated Spacecraft: AS 3000, ECS/OTS, Eurostar 2000, HS 376, Insat 1, Intelsat 5A, Olympus, Spacebus 100, Spacebus 300. Liftoff Thrust: 5,060.400 kN (1,137,623 lbf). Total Mass: 248,300 kg (547,400 lb). Core Diameter: 3.80 m (12.40 ft). Total Length: 52.00 m (170.00 ft). Launch Price $: 42.500 million. in: 1987 price dollars. Version:

Ariane 2.

Ariane 2 V23

Basic three stage vehicle without solid rocket motor strap-ons. Payload to geosynchronous transfer orbit was 2,175 kg.

Launches: 6. Failures: 1. First Launch Date: 1986-05-31. Last Launch Date: 1989-04-02. LEO Payload: 2,175 kg (4,795 lb). Payload: 2,175 kg (4,795 lb). to a: geosynchronous transfer orbit trajectory. Liftoff Thrust: 2,689.000 kN (604,511 lbf). Total Mass: 217,000 kg (478,000 lb). Core Diameter: 3.80 m (12.40 ft). Total Length: 49.00 m (160.00 ft).

• Stage1: 1 x Ariane 2-1. Gross Mass: 160,030 kg (352,800 lb). Empty Mass: 13,750 kg (30,310 lb). Motor: 4 x Viking 2B. Thrust (vac): 2,879.997 kN (647,449 lbf). Isp: 281 sec. Burn time: 140 sec. Length: 18.40 m (60.30 ft). Diameter: 3.80 m (12.40 ft). Propellants: N2O4/UDMH.

• Stage2: 1 x Ariane 1-2. Gross Mass: 37,130 kg (81,850 lb). Empty Mass: 3,625 kg (7,991 lb). Motor: 1 x Viking 4. Thrust (vac): 720.965 kN (162,079 lbf). Isp: 296 sec. Burn time: 132 sec. Length: 11.50 m (37.70 ft). Diameter: 2.60 m (8.50 ft). Propellants: N2O4/UDMH.

• Stage3: 1 x Ariane H10. Gross Mass: 12,000 kg (26,000 lb). Empty Mass: 1,600 kg (3,500 lb). Motor: 1 x HM7-B. Thrust (vac): 62.703 kN (14,096 lbf). Isp: 446 sec. Burn time: 731 sec. Length: 11.53 m (37.82 ft). Diameter: 2.66 m (8.72 ft). Propellants: Lox/LH2.

• Stage0: 4 x Ariane 3-0. Gross Mass: 9,663 kg (21,303 lb). Empty Mass: 2,313 kg (5,099 lb). Motor: 1 x SPB 7.35. Thrust (vac): 689.990 kN (155,116 lbf). Isp: 263 sec. Burn time: 29 sec. Length: 8.32 m (27.29 ft). Diameter: 1.07 m (3.51 ft). Propellants: Solid.

• Stage1: 1 x Ariane 2-1. Gross Mass: 160,030 kg (352,800 lb). Empty Mass: 13,750 kg (30,310 lb). Motor: 4 x Viking 2B. Thrust (vac): 2,879.997 kN (647,449 lbf). Isp: 281 sec. Burn time: 140 sec. Length: 18.40 m (60.30 ft). Diameter: 3.80 m (12.40 ft). Propellants: N2O4/UDMH.

• Stage2: 1 x Ariane 2-2. Gross Mass: 37,130 kg (81,850 lb). Empty Mass: 3,625 kg (7,991 lb). Motor: 1 x Viking 4B. Thrust (vac): 804.998 kN (180,971 lbf). Isp: 296 sec. Burn time: 125 sec. Length: 11.50 m (37.70 ft). Diameter: 2.60 m (8.50 ft). Propellants: N2O4/UDMH.

• Stage3: 1 x Ariane H10. Gross Mass: 12,000 kg (26,000 lb). Empty Mass: 1,600 kg (3,500 lb). Motor: 1 x HM7-B. Thrust (vac): 62.703 kN (14,096 lbf). Isp: 446 sec. Burn time: 731 sec. Length: 11.53 m (37.82 ft). Diameter: 2.66 m (8.72 ft). Propellants: Lox/LH2.

• Stage4: 1 x Mage 2. Gross Mass: 530 kg (1,160 lb). Empty Mass: 40 kg (88 lb). Motor: 1 x Mage 2. Thrust (vac): 45.483 kN (10,225 lbf). Isp: 293 sec. Burn time: 44 sec. Length: 1.52 m (4.98 ft). Diameter: 0.77 m (2.52 ft). Propellants: Solid.

LEO Payload: 5,000 kg (11,000 lb). to: 200 km Orbit. at: 5.20 degrees. Payload: 2,175 kg (4,795 lb). to a: Geosynchronous transfer, 7 deg inclination trajectory. Associated Spacecraft: Enhanced Microsat SSTL, ERS 1-2, Helios 1A-1B, LBSAT, Microsat SSTL, Orbcomm, Oscar, SARA, SPOT-1-2-3, SPOT-4, STELLA, Tubsat, Multi-Role Recovery Capsule. Liftoff Thrust: 2,706.700 kN (608,490 lbf). Total Mass: 240,000 kg (520,000 lb). Core Diameter: 3.80 m (12.40 ft). Total Length: 58.40 m (191.60 ft). Launch Price $: 85.000 million. in: 2000 price dollars. Version:

Ariane 40.

Ariane 40 V44

3 stage core vehicle with original Ariane H10 upper stage. A fully fueled Ariane core cannot lift off the ground without strap-on liquid or solid motors. When Ariane 4 is launched in this configuration, the propellant tanks of the first and second stages are not completely filled.

Launches: 7. First Launch Date: 1990-01-22. Last Launch Date: 1999-12-03. LEO Payload: 2,700 kg (5,900 lb). Payload: 1,900 kg (4,100 lb). to a: geosynchronous transfer orbit trajectory. Liftoff Thrust: 2,708.000 kN (608,782 lbf). Total Mass: 243,000 kg (535,000 lb). Core Diameter: 3.80 m (12.40 ft). Total Length: 58.40 m (191.60 ft).

• Stage1: 1 x Ariane 4-1. Gross Mass: 245,900 kg (542,100 lb). Empty Mass: 17,900 kg (39,400 lb). Motor: 4 x Viking 2B. Thrust (vac): 3,034.100 kN (682,093 lbf). Isp: 278 sec. Burn time: 205 sec. Length: 23.60 m (77.40 ft). Diameter: 3.80 m (12.40 ft). Propellants: N2O4/UDMH.

• Stage2: 1 x Ariane 1-2. Gross Mass: 37,130 kg (81,850 lb). Empty Mass: 3,625 kg (7,991 lb). Motor: 1 x Viking 4. Thrust (vac): 720.965 kN (162,079 lbf). Isp: 296 sec. Burn time: 132 sec. Length: 11.50 m (37.70 ft). Diameter: 2.60 m (8.50 ft). Propellants: N2O4/UDMH.

• Stage3: 1 x Ariane H10. Gross Mass: 12,000 kg (26,000 lb). Empty Mass: 1,600 kg (3,500 lb). Motor: 1 x HM7-B. Thrust (vac): 62.703 kN (14,096 lbf). Isp: 446 sec. Burn time: 731 sec. Length: 11.53 m (37.82 ft). Diameter: 2.66 m (8.72 ft). Propellants: Lox/LH2.

Launches: 13. First Launch Date: 1993-05-12. Last Launch Date: 2002-01-23. LEO Payload: 7,900 kg (17,400 lb). to: 200 km Orbit. at: 5.20 degrees. Payload: 3,590 kg (7,910 lb). to a: Geosynchronous transfer, 7 deg inclination trajectory. Associated Spacecraft: AS 2100, AS 7000, HS 601, Insat 3, Oscar. Liftoff Thrust: 4,048.500 kN (910,139 lbf). Total Mass: 363,000 kg (800,000 lb). Core Diameter: 3.80 m (12.40 ft). Total Length: 58.40 m (191.60 ft). Launch Price $: 100.000 million. in: 2000 price dollars.

• Stage0: 2 x Ariane 4L. Gross Mass: 43,772 kg (96,500 lb). Empty Mass: 4,493 kg (9,905 lb). Motor: 1 x Viking 5C. Thrust (vac): 752.003 kN (169,057 lbf). Isp: 278 sec. Burn time: 142 sec. Length: 19.00 m (62.00 ft). Diameter: 2.22 m (7.28 ft). Propellants: N2O4/UDMH.

• Stage1: 1 x Ariane 4-1. Gross Mass: 245,900 kg (542,100 lb). Empty Mass: 17,900 kg (39,400 lb). Motor: 4 x Viking 2B. Thrust (vac): 3,034.100 kN (682,093 lbf). Isp: 278 sec. Burn time: 205 sec. Length: 23.60 m (77.40 ft). Diameter: 3.80 m (12.40 ft). Propellants: N2O4/UDMH.

• Stage2: 1 x Ariane 1-2. Gross Mass: 37,130 kg (81,850 lb). Empty Mass: 3,625 kg (7,991 lb). Motor: 1 x Viking 4. Thrust (vac): 720.965 kN (162,079 lbf). Isp: 296 sec. Burn time: 132 sec. Length: 11.50 m (37.70 ft). Diameter: 2.60 m (8.50 ft). Propellants: N2O4/UDMH.

• Stage3: 1 x Ariane H10. Gross Mass: 12,000 kg (26,000 lb). Empty Mass: 1,600 kg (3,500 lb). Motor: 1 x HM7-B. Thrust (vac): 62.703 kN (14,096 lbf). Isp: 446 sec. Burn time: 731 sec. Length: 11.53 m (37.82 ft). Diameter: 2.66 m (8.72 ft). Propellants: Lox/LH2.

Launches: 15. Failures: 1. First Launch Date: 1990-11-20. Last Launch Date: 2002-05-04. LEO Payload: 6,600 kg (14,500 lb). to: 200 km Orbit. at: 5.20 degrees. Payload: 2,890 kg (6,370 lb). to a: Geosynchronous transfer, 7 deg inclination trajectory. Associated Spacecraft: AS 2100, AS 3000, AS 7000, Eurostar 2000, FS-1300, HS 601, Insat 2, Microsat SSTL, Oscar, SPOT-5A-5B, Topex/Poseidon. Liftoff Thrust: 4,135.000 kN (929,584 lbf). Total Mass: 339,000 kg (747,000 lb). Core Diameter: 3.80 m (12.40 ft). Total Length: 58.40 m (191.60 ft). Launch Price $: 90.000 million. in: 2000 price dollars.

• Stage0: 2 x Ariane 3-0. Gross Mass: 9,663 kg (21,303 lb). Empty Mass: 2,313 kg (5,099 lb). Motor: 1 x SPB 7.35. Thrust (vac): 689.990 kN (155,116 lbf). Isp: 263 sec. Burn time: 29 sec. Length: 8.32 m (27.29 ft). Diameter: 1.07 m (3.51 ft). Propellants: Solid.

• Stage1: 1 x Ariane 4-1. Gross Mass: 245,900 kg (542,100 lb). Empty Mass: 17,900 kg (39,400 lb). Motor: 4 x Viking 2B. Thrust (vac): 3,034.100 kN (682,093 lbf). Isp: 278 sec. Burn time: 205 sec. Length: 23.60 m (77.40 ft). Diameter: 3.80 m (12.40 ft). Propellants: N2O4/UDMH.

• Stage2: 1 x Ariane 1-2. Gross Mass: 37,130 kg (81,850 lb). Empty Mass: 3,625 kg (7,991 lb). Motor: 1 x Viking 4. Thrust (vac): 720.965 kN (162,079 lbf). Isp: 296 sec. Burn time: 132 sec. Length: 11.50 m (37.70 ft). Diameter: 2.60 m (8.50 ft). Propellants: N2O4/UDMH.

• Stage3: 1 x Ariane H10. Gross Mass: 12,000 kg (26,000 lb). Empty Mass: 1,600 kg (3,500 lb). Motor: 1 x HM7-B. Thrust (vac): 62.703 kN (14,096 lbf). Isp: 446 sec. Burn time: 731 sec. Length: 11.53 m (37.82 ft). Diameter: 2.66 m (8.72 ft). Propellants: Lox/LH2.

Launches: 40. Failures: 1. Success Rate: 97.50%. First Launch Date: 1989-06-05. Last Launch Date: 2003-02-15. LEO Payload: 10,200 kg (22,400 lb). to: 200 km Orbit. at: 5.20 degrees. Payload: 4,790 kg (10,560 lb). to a: Geosynchronous transfer, 7 deg inclination trajectory. Associated Spacecraft: Adeos, AMOS, AS 2100, AS 3000, AS 4000, ECS/OTS, Eurostar 1000, Eurostar 2000, FS-1300, HS 376, HS 393, HS 601, HS 702 , Insat 2, Italsat, Spacebus 100, Spacebus 2000, Spacebus 300, Spacebus 3000, Star bus. Liftoff Thrust: 5,390.100 kN (1,211,743 lbf). Total Mass: 470,000 kg (1,030,000 lb). Core Diameter: 3.80 m (12.40 ft). Total Length: 58.40 m (191.60 ft). Launch Price $: 125.000 million. in: 2000 price dollars.

• Stage0: 4 x Ariane 4L. Gross Mass: 43,772 kg (96,500 lb). Empty Mass: 4,493 kg (9,905 lb). Motor: 1 x Viking 5C. Thrust (vac): 752.003 kN (169,057 lbf). Isp: 278 sec. Burn time: 142 sec. Length: 19.00 m (62.00 ft). Diameter: 2.22 m (7.28 ft). Propellants: N2O4/UDMH.

• Stage1: 1 x Ariane 4-1. Gross Mass: 245,900 kg (542,100 lb). Empty Mass: 17,900 kg (39,400 lb). Motor: 4 x Viking 2B. Thrust (vac): 3,034.100 kN (682,093 lbf). Isp: 278 sec. Burn time: 205 sec. Length: 23.60 m (77.40 ft). Diameter: 3.80 m (12.40 ft). Propellants: N2O4/UDMH.

• Stage2: 1 x Ariane 1-2. Gross Mass: 37,130 kg (81,850 lb). Empty Mass: 3,625 kg (7,991 lb). Motor: 1 x Viking 4. Thrust (vac): 720.965 kN (162,079 lbf). Isp: 296 sec. Burn time: 132 sec. Length: 11.50 m (37.70 ft). Diameter: 2.60 m (8.50 ft). Propellants: N2O4/UDMH.

• Stage3: 1 x Ariane H10. Gross Mass: 12,000 kg (26,000 lb). Empty Mass: 1,600 kg (3,500 lb). Motor: 1 x HM7-B. Thrust (vac): 62.703 kN (14,096 lbf). Isp: 446 sec. Burn time: 731 sec. Length: 11.53 m (37.82 ft). Diameter: 2.66 m (8.72 ft). Propellants: Lox/LH2.

Launches: 26. Failures: 1. First Launch Date: 1988-06-15. Last Launch Date: 2001-11-27. LEO Payload: 9,100 kg (20,000 lb). to: 200 km Orbit. at: 5.20 degrees. Payload: 4,290 kg (9,450 lb). to a: Geosynchronous transfer, 7 deg inclination trajectory. Associated Spacecraft: AS 2100, AS 3000, AS 4000, AS 5000, ASC, ECS/OTS, Eurostar 2000, FS-1300, Hipparcos, HS 376, HS 376W, HS 393, HS 601, Meteosat, Oscar, Spacebus 100, Spacebus 2000, Spacebus 300, Spacebus 3000, STRV. Liftoff Thrust: 5,250.000 kN (1,180,240 lbf). Total Mass: 420,000 kg (920,000 lb). Core Diameter: 3.80 m (12.40 ft). Total Length: 58.40 m (191.60 ft). Launch Price $: 110.000 million. in: 2000 price dollars.

• Stage-1: 2 x Ariane 4L. Gross Mass: 43,772 kg (96,500 lb). Empty Mass: 4,493 kg (9,905 lb). Motor: 1 x Viking 5C. Thrust (vac): 752.003 kN (169,057 lbf). Isp: 278 sec. Burn time: 142 sec. Length: 19.00 m (62.00 ft). Diameter: 2.22 m (7.28 ft). Propellants: N2O4/UDMH.

• Stage0: 2 x Ariane 3-0. Gross Mass: 9,663 kg (21,303 lb). Empty Mass: 2,313 kg (5,099 lb). Motor: 1 x SPB 7.35. Thrust (vac): 689.990 kN (155,116 lbf). Isp: 263 sec. Burn time: 29 sec. Length: 8.32 m (27.29 ft). Diameter: 1.07 m (3.51 ft). Propellants: Solid.

• Stage1: 1 x Ariane 4-1. Gross Mass: 245,900 kg (542,100 lb). Empty Mass: 17,900 kg (39,400 lb). Motor: 4 x Viking 2B. Thrust (vac): 3,034.100 kN (682,093 lbf). Isp: 278 sec. Burn time: 205 sec. Length: 23.60 m (77.40 ft). Diameter: 3.80 m (12.40 ft). Propellants: N2O4/UDMH.

• Stage2: 1 x Ariane 1-2. Gross Mass: 37,130 kg (81,850 lb). Empty Mass: 3,625 kg (7,991 lb). Motor: 1 x Viking 4. Thrust (vac): 720.965 kN (162,079 lbf). Isp: 296 sec. Burn time: 132 sec. Length: 11.50 m (37.70 ft). Diameter: 2.60 m (8.50 ft). Propellants: N2O4/UDMH.

• Stage3: 1 x Ariane H10. Gross Mass: 12,000 kg (26,000 lb). Empty Mass: 1,600 kg (3,500 lb). Motor: 1 x HM7-B. Thrust (vac): 62.703 kN (14,096 lbf). Isp: 446 sec. Burn time: 731 sec. Length: 11.53 m (37.82 ft). Diameter: 2.66 m (8.72 ft). Propellants: Lox/LH2.

Launches: 15. First Launch Date: 1991-04-04. Last Launch Date: 2001-09-25. LEO Payload: 7,600 kg (16,700 lb). to: 200 km Orbit. at: 5.20 degrees. Payload: 3,465 kg (7,639 lb). to a: Geosynchronous transfer, 7 deg inclination trajectory. Associated Spacecraft: AS 5000, AS 7000, Equator-S, Eurostar 2000, FS-1300, HS 376, HS 601, ISO, Spacebus 3000. Liftoff Thrust: 5,603.000 kN (1,259,604 lbf). Total Mass: 358,000 kg (789,000 lb). Core Diameter: 3.80 m (12.40 ft). Total Length: 58.40 m (191.60 ft). Launch Price $: 10.000 million. in: 2000 price dollars.

• Stage0: 4 x Ariane 3-0. Gross Mass: 9,663 kg (21,303 lb). Empty Mass: 2,313 kg (5,099 lb). Motor: 1 x SPB 7.35. Thrust (vac): 689.990 kN (155,116 lbf). Isp: 263 sec. Burn time: 29 sec. Length: 8.32 m (27.29 ft). Diameter: 1.07 m (3.51 ft). Propellants: Solid.

• Stage1: 1 x Ariane 4-1. Gross Mass: 245,900 kg (542,100 lb). Empty Mass: 17,900 kg (39,400 lb). Motor: 4 x Viking 2B. Thrust (vac): 3,034.100 kN (682,093 lbf). Isp: 278 sec. Burn time: 205 sec. Length: 23.60 m (77.40 ft). Diameter: 3.80 m (12.40 ft). Propellants: N2O4/UDMH.

• Stage2: 1 x Ariane 1-2. Gross Mass: 37,130 kg (81,850 lb). Empty Mass: 3,625 kg (7,991 lb). Motor: 1 x Viking 4. Thrust (vac): 720.965 kN (162,079 lbf). Isp: 296 sec. Burn time: 132 sec. Length: 11.50 m (37.70 ft). Diameter: 2.60 m (8.50 ft). Propellants: N2O4/UDMH.

• Stage3: 1 x Ariane H10. Gross Mass: 12,000 kg (26,000 lb). Empty Mass: 1,600 kg (3,500 lb). Motor: 1 x HM7-B. Thrust (vac): 62.703 kN (14,096 lbf). Isp: 446 sec. Burn time: 731 sec. Length: 11.53 m (37.82 ft). Diameter: 2.66 m (8.72 ft). Propellants: Lox/LH2.

• Stage1: 1 x Ariane 4-1. Gross Mass: 245,900 kg (542,100 lb). Empty Mass: 17,900 kg (39,400 lb). Motor: 4 x Viking 2B. Thrust (vac): 3,034.100 kN (682,093 lbf). Isp: 278 sec. Burn time: 205 sec. Length: 23.60 m (77.40 ft). Diameter: 3.80 m (12.40 ft). Propellants: N2O4/UDMH.

• Stage2: 1 x Ariane 2-2. Gross Mass: 37,130 kg (81,850 lb). Empty Mass: 3,625 kg (7,991 lb). Motor: 1 x Viking 4B. Thrust (vac): 804.998 kN (180,971 lbf). Isp: 296 sec. Burn time: 125 sec. Length: 11.50 m (37.70 ft). Diameter: 2.60 m (8.50 ft). Propellants: N2O4/UDMH.

• Stage3: 1 x Ariane H10+. Gross Mass: 12,800 kg (28,200 lb). Empty Mass: 1,740 kg (3,830 lb). Motor: 1 x HM7-B. Thrust (vac): 62.703 kN (14,096 lbf). Isp: 446 sec. Burn time: 750 sec. Length: 11.80 m (38.70 ft). Diameter: 2.66 m (8.72 ft). Propellants: Lox/LH2.

• Stage0: 2 x Ariane 3-0. Gross Mass: 9,663 kg (21,303 lb). Empty Mass: 2,313 kg (5,099 lb). Motor: 1 x SPB 7.35. Thrust (vac): 689.990 kN (155,116 lbf). Isp: 263 sec. Burn time: 29 sec. Length: 8.32 m (27.29 ft). Diameter: 1.07 m (3.51 ft). Propellants: Solid.

• Stage1: 1 x Ariane 4-1. Gross Mass: 245,900 kg (542,100 lb). Empty Mass: 17,900 kg (39,400 lb). Motor: 4 x Viking 2B. Thrust (vac): 3,034.100 kN (682,093 lbf). Isp: 278 sec. Burn time: 205 sec. Length: 23.60 m (77.40 ft). Diameter: 3.80 m (12.40 ft). Propellants: N2O4/UDMH.

• Stage2: 1 x Ariane 1-2. Gross Mass: 37,130 kg (81,850 lb). Empty Mass: 3,625 kg (7,991 lb). Motor: 1 x Viking 4. Thrust (vac): 720.965 kN (162,079 lbf). Isp: 296 sec. Burn time: 132 sec. Length: 11.50 m (37.70 ft). Diameter: 2.60 m (8.50 ft). Propellants: N2O4/UDMH.

• Stage3: 1 x Ariane H10+. Gross Mass: 12,800 kg (28,200 lb). Empty Mass: 1,740 kg (3,830 lb). Motor: 1 x HM7-B. Thrust (vac): 62.703 kN (14,096 lbf). Isp: 446 sec. Burn time: 750 sec. Length: 11.80 m (38.70 ft). Diameter: 2.66 m (8.72 ft). Propellants: Lox/LH2.

• Stage0: 4 x Ariane 4L. Gross Mass: 43,772 kg (96,500 lb). Empty Mass: 4,493 kg (9,905 lb). Motor: 1 x Viking 5C. Thrust (vac): 752.003 kN (169,057 lbf). Isp: 278 sec. Burn time: 142 sec. Length: 19.00 m (62.00 ft). Diameter: 2.22 m (7.28 ft). Propellants: N2O4/UDMH.

• Stage1: 1 x Ariane 4-1. Gross Mass: 245,900 kg (542,100 lb). Empty Mass: 17,900 kg (39,400 lb). Motor: 4 x Viking 2B. Thrust (vac): 3,034.100 kN (682,093 lbf). Isp: 278 sec. Burn time: 205 sec. Length: 23.60 m (77.40 ft). Diameter: 3.80 m (12.40 ft). Propellants: N2O4/UDMH.

• Stage2: 1 x Ariane 2-2. Gross Mass: 37,130 kg (81,850 lb). Empty Mass: 3,625 kg (7,991 lb). Motor: 1 x Viking 4B. Thrust (vac): 804.998 kN (180,971 lbf). Isp: 296 sec. Burn time: 125 sec. Length: 11.50 m (37.70 ft). Diameter: 2.60 m (8.50 ft). Propellants: N2O4/UDMH.

• Stage3: 1 x Ariane H10+. Gross Mass: 12,800 kg (28,200 lb). Empty Mass: 1,740 kg (3,830 lb). Motor: 1 x HM7-B. Thrust (vac): 62.703 kN (14,096 lbf). Isp: 446 sec. Burn time: 750 sec. Length: 11.80 m (38.70 ft). Diameter: 2.66 m (8.72 ft). Propellants: Lox/LH2.

• Stage-1: 2 x Ariane 4L. Gross Mass: 43,772 kg (96,500 lb). Empty Mass: 4,493 kg (9,905 lb). Motor: 1 x Viking 5C. Thrust (vac): 752.003 kN (169,057 lbf). Isp: 278 sec. Burn time: 142 sec. Length: 19.00 m (62.00 ft). Diameter: 2.22 m (7.28 ft). Propellants: N2O4/UDMH.

• Stage0: 2 x P9.5. Gross Mass: 12,560 kg (27,690 lb). Empty Mass: 3,060 kg (6,740 lb). Motor: 1 x P9.5. Thrust (vac): 689.990 kN (155,116 lbf). Isp: 263 sec. Burn time: 29 sec. Length: 12.20 m (40.00 ft). Diameter: 1.07 m (3.51 ft). Propellants: Solid.

• Stage1: 1 x Ariane 4-1. Gross Mass: 245,900 kg (542,100 lb). Empty Mass: 17,900 kg (39,400 lb). Motor: 4 x Viking 2B. Thrust (vac): 3,034.100 kN (682,093 lbf). Isp: 278 sec. Burn time: 205 sec. Length: 23.60 m (77.40 ft). Diameter: 3.80 m (12.40 ft). Propellants: N2O4/UDMH.

• Stage2: 1 x Ariane 2-2. Gross Mass: 37,130 kg (81,850 lb). Empty Mass: 3,625 kg (7,991 lb). Motor: 1 x Viking 4B. Thrust (vac): 804.998 kN (180,971 lbf). Isp: 296 sec. Burn time: 125 sec. Length: 11.50 m (37.70 ft). Diameter: 2.60 m (8.50 ft). Propellants: N2O4/UDMH.

• Stage3: 1 x Ariane H10+. Gross Mass: 12,800 kg (28,200 lb). Empty Mass: 1,740 kg (3,830 lb). Motor: 1 x HM7-B. Thrust (vac): 62.703 kN (14,096 lbf). Isp: 446 sec. Burn time: 750 sec. Length: 11.80 m (38.70 ft). Diameter: 2.66 m (8.72 ft). Propellants: Lox/LH2.

• Stage1: 1 x Ariane 4-1. Gross Mass: 245,900 kg (542,100 lb). Empty Mass: 17,900 kg (39,400 lb). Motor: 4 x Viking 2B. Thrust (vac): 3,034.100 kN (682,093 lbf). Isp: 278 sec. Burn time: 205 sec. Length: 23.60 m (77.40 ft). Diameter: 3.80 m (12.40 ft). Propellants: N2O4/UDMH.

• Stage2: 1 x Ariane 1-2. Gross Mass: 37,130 kg (81,850 lb). Empty Mass: 3,625 kg (7,991 lb). Motor: 1 x Viking 4. Thrust (vac): 720.965 kN (162,079 lbf). Isp: 296 sec. Burn time: 132 sec. Length: 11.50 m (37.70 ft). Diameter: 2.60 m (8.50 ft). Propellants: N2O4/UDMH.

• Stage3: 1 x Ariane H10-3. Gross Mass: 12,310 kg (27,130 lb). Empty Mass: 1,570 kg (3,460 lb). Motor: 1 x HM7-B. Thrust (vac): 62.703 kN (14,096 lbf). Isp: 446 sec. Burn time: 759 sec. Length: 11.85 m (38.87 ft). Diameter: 2.66 m (8.72 ft). Propellants: Lox/LH2.

• Stage0: 2 x Ariane 4L. Gross Mass: 43,772 kg (96,500 lb). Empty Mass: 4,493 kg (9,905 lb). Motor: 1 x Viking 5C. Thrust (vac): 752.003 kN (169,057 lbf). Isp: 278 sec. Burn time: 142 sec. Length: 19.00 m (62.00 ft). Diameter: 2.22 m (7.28 ft). Propellants: N2O4/UDMH.

• Stage1: 1 x Ariane 4-1. Gross Mass: 245,900 kg (542,100 lb). Empty Mass: 17,900 kg (39,400 lb). Motor: 4 x Viking 2B. Thrust (vac): 3,034.100 kN (682,093 lbf). Isp: 278 sec. Burn time: 205 sec. Length: 23.60 m (77.40 ft). Diameter: 3.80 m (12.40 ft). Propellants: N2O4/UDMH.

• Stage2: 1 x Ariane 2-2. Gross Mass: 37,130 kg (81,850 lb). Empty Mass: 3,625 kg (7,991 lb). Motor: 1 x Viking 4B. Thrust (vac): 804.998 kN (180,971 lbf). Isp: 296 sec. Burn time: 125 sec. Length: 11.50 m (37.70 ft). Diameter: 2.60 m (8.50 ft). Propellants: N2O4/UDMH.

• Stage3: 1 x Ariane H10-3. Gross Mass: 12,310 kg (27,130 lb). Empty Mass: 1,570 kg (3,460 lb). Motor: 1 x HM7-B. Thrust (vac): 62.703 kN (14,096 lbf). Isp: 446 sec. Burn time: 759 sec. Length: 11.85 m (38.87 ft). Diameter: 2.66 m (8.72 ft). Propellants: Lox/LH2.

• Stage0: 2 x P9.5. Gross Mass: 12,560 kg (27,690 lb). Empty Mass: 3,060 kg (6,740 lb). Motor: 1 x P9.5. Thrust (vac): 689.990 kN (155,116 lbf). Isp: 263 sec. Burn time: 29 sec. Length: 12.20 m (40.00 ft). Diameter: 1.07 m (3.51 ft). Propellants: Solid.

• Stage1: 1 x Ariane 4-1. Gross Mass: 245,900 kg (542,100 lb). Empty Mass: 17,900 kg (39,400 lb). Motor: 4 x Viking 2B. Thrust (vac): 3,034.100 kN (682,093 lbf). Isp: 278 sec. Burn time: 205 sec. Length: 23.60 m (77.40 ft). Diameter: 3.80 m (12.40 ft). Propellants: N2O4/UDMH.

• Stage2: 1 x Ariane 2-2. Gross Mass: 37,130 kg (81,850 lb). Empty Mass: 3,625 kg (7,991 lb). Motor: 1 x Viking 4B. Thrust (vac): 804.998 kN (180,971 lbf). Isp: 296 sec. Burn time: 125 sec. Length: 11.50 m (37.70 ft). Diameter: 2.60 m (8.50 ft). Propellants: N2O4/UDMH.

• Stage3: 1 x Ariane H10-3. Gross Mass: 12,310 kg (27,130 lb). Empty Mass: 1,570 kg (3,460 lb). Motor: 1 x HM7-B. Thrust (vac): 62.703 kN (14,096 lbf). Isp: 446 sec. Burn time: 759 sec. Length: 11.85 m (38.87 ft). Diameter: 2.66 m (8.72 ft). Propellants: Lox/LH2.

• Stage0: 4 x Ariane 4L. Gross Mass: 43,772 kg (96,500 lb). Empty Mass: 4,493 kg (9,905 lb). Motor: 1 x Viking 5C. Thrust (vac): 752.003 kN (169,057 lbf). Isp: 278 sec. Burn time: 142 sec. Length: 19.00 m (62.00 ft). Diameter: 2.22 m (7.28 ft). Propellants: N2O4/UDMH.

• Stage1: 1 x Ariane 4-1. Gross Mass: 245,900 kg (542,100 lb). Empty Mass: 17,900 kg (39,400 lb). Motor: 4 x Viking 2B. Thrust (vac): 3,034.100 kN (682,093 lbf). Isp: 278 sec. Burn time: 205 sec. Length: 23.60 m (77.40 ft). Diameter: 3.80 m (12.40 ft). Propellants: N2O4/UDMH.

• Stage2: 1 x Ariane 1-2. Gross Mass: 37,130 kg (81,850 lb). Empty Mass: 3,625 kg (7,991 lb). Motor: 1 x Viking 4. Thrust (vac): 720.965 kN (162,079 lbf). Isp: 296 sec. Burn time: 132 sec. Length: 11.50 m (37.70 ft). Diameter: 2.60 m (8.50 ft). Propellants: N2O4/UDMH.

• Stage3: 1 x Ariane H10-3. Gross Mass: 12,310 kg (27,130 lb). Empty Mass: 1,570 kg (3,460 lb). Motor: 1 x HM7-B. Thrust (vac): 62.703 kN (14,096 lbf). Isp: 446 sec. Burn time: 759 sec. Length: 11.85 m (38.87 ft). Diameter: 2.66 m (8.72 ft). Propellants: Lox/LH2.

• Stage-1: 2 x Ariane 4L. Gross Mass: 43,772 kg (96,500 lb). Empty Mass: 4,493 kg (9,905 lb). Motor: 1 x Viking 5C. Thrust (vac): 752.003 kN (169,057 lbf). Isp: 278 sec. Burn time: 142 sec. Length: 19.00 m (62.00 ft). Diameter: 2.22 m (7.28 ft). Propellants: N2O4/UDMH.

• Stage0: 2 x Ariane 3-0. Gross Mass: 9,663 kg (21,303 lb). Empty Mass: 2,313 kg (5,099 lb). Motor: 1 x SPB 7.35. Thrust (vac): 689.990 kN (155,116 lbf). Isp: 263 sec. Burn time: 29 sec. Length: 8.32 m (27.29 ft). Diameter: 1.07 m (3.51 ft). Propellants: Solid.

• Stage1: 1 x Ariane 4-1. Gross Mass: 245,900 kg (542,100 lb). Empty Mass: 17,900 kg (39,400 lb). Motor: 4 x Viking 2B. Thrust (vac): 3,034.100 kN (682,093 lbf). Isp: 278 sec. Burn time: 205 sec. Length: 23.60 m (77.40 ft). Diameter: 3.80 m (12.40 ft). Propellants: N2O4/UDMH.

• Stage2: 1 x Ariane 1-2. Gross Mass: 37,130 kg (81,850 lb). Empty Mass: 3,625 kg (7,991 lb). Motor: 1 x Viking 4. Thrust (vac): 720.965 kN (162,079 lbf). Isp: 296 sec. Burn time: 132 sec. Length: 11.50 m (37.70 ft). Diameter: 2.60 m (8.50 ft). Propellants: N2O4/UDMH.

• Stage3: 1 x Ariane H10-3. Gross Mass: 12,310 kg (27,130 lb). Empty Mass: 1,570 kg (3,460 lb). Motor: 1 x HM7-B. Thrust (vac): 62.703 kN (14,096 lbf). Isp: 446 sec. Burn time: 759 sec. Length: 11.85 m (38.87 ft). Diameter: 2.66 m (8.72 ft). Propellants: Lox/LH2.

• Stage0: 4 x P9.5. Gross Mass: 12,560 kg (27,690 lb). Empty Mass: 3,060 kg (6,740 lb). Motor: 1 x P9.5. Thrust (vac): 689.990 kN (155,116 lbf). Isp: 263 sec. Burn time: 29 sec. Length: 12.20 m (40.00 ft). Diameter: 1.07 m (3.51 ft). Propellants: Solid.

• Stage1: 1 x Ariane 4-1. Gross Mass: 245,900 kg (542,100 lb). Empty Mass: 17,900 kg (39,400 lb). Motor: 4 x Viking 2B. Thrust (vac): 3,034.100 kN (682,093 lbf). Isp: 278 sec. Burn time: 205 sec. Length: 23.60 m (77.40 ft). Diameter: 3.80 m (12.40 ft). Propellants: N2O4/UDMH.

• Stage2: 1 x Ariane 2-2. Gross Mass: 37,130 kg (81,850 lb). Empty Mass: 3,625 kg (7,991 lb). Motor: 1 x Viking 4B. Thrust (vac): 804.998 kN (180,971 lbf). Isp: 296 sec. Burn time: 125 sec. Length: 11.50 m (37.70 ft). Diameter: 2.60 m (8.50 ft). Propellants: N2O4/UDMH.

• Stage3: 1 x Ariane H10-3. Gross Mass: 12,310 kg (27,130 lb). Empty Mass: 1,570 kg (3,460 lb). Motor: 1 x HM7-B. Thrust (vac): 62.703 kN (14,096 lbf). Isp: 446 sec. Burn time: 759 sec. Length: 11.85 m (38.87 ft). Diameter: 2.66 m (8.72 ft). Propellants: Lox/LH2.

1973 July - Development of Ariane 1 launch vehicle authorised. Development took eight years, and cost 2 billion 1986 ECU's.

1979 December 24 - 17:14 GMT - Kourou ELA1. Ariane 1 L01 CAT 1 Mass: 1,602 kg (3,531 lb). Spacecraft: CAT. Agency: ESA. Perigee: 125 km (77 mi). Apogee: 14,047 km (8,728 mi). Inclination: 17.80 deg. Period: 259.10 min. Launch vehicle test. Technological Capsule (CAT). ESA registration number: ESA/79/2. Principal mission of the technological capsule (with ballast), which was equipped with batteries having a lifetime of approximately 8 orbits, was to transmit back to earth technological data on the first developmental flight L01 of the ARIANE launch vehicle. When the batteries were exhausted, the capsule ended its radio transmissions, and it is now inoperative but still in orbit.

1980 May 23 - 14:29 GMT - Kourou ELA1. Ariane 1 L02 FAILURE: Stage 1 combustion instability. Firewheel Spacecraft: Firewheel. Agency: ESA.

1980 July - Development of Ariane 2/3 launch vehicle authorised. The upgrade to the Ariane 1 had a total cost of 144 million 1986 ECU's.

1981 June 19 - 12:32 GMT - Kourou ELA1. Ariane 1 L03 Meteosat 2 Mass: 697 kg (1,536 lb). Spacecraft: Meteosat. Agency: ESA. Perigee: 36,124 km (22,446 mi). Apogee: 36,329 km (22,573 mi). Inclination: 11.10 deg. Period: 1,458.60 min. Meteosat 2 is a geostationary meteorological satellite, operating within the world wide network of the World Weather Watch of WMO. Its main missions are: Imaging in the visible, IR and water vapour region of the spectrum; data reception from so-called dat a collection platforms (DCPs); data distribution to meteorological services and other interested parties (research institutes etc). Launch time 1233:03 UT. Geostationary position 0 deg E. Designator ESA/81/03. As of 3 September 2001 located at 58.52 deg W drifting at 5.577 deg W per day. As of 2007 Mar 10 located at 125.67W drifting at 5.583W degrees per day.

1981 December 20 - 01:29 GMT - Kourou ELA1. Ariane 1 L04 MARECS 1 Mass: 582 kg (1,283 lb). Spacecraft: ECS/OTS. Agency: ESA. Perigee: 36,782 km (22,855 mi). Apogee: 37,858 km (23,523 mi). Inclination: 10.80 deg. Period: 1,515.20 min. MARECS-A was a geostationary maritime communications satellite, which formed part of INMARSAT's world-wide maritime communications satellite network. MARECS-A moved to a new position on the geostationary orbit. Old position: 334E. New position: 22.5 E. The Marecs satellites were members of Inmarsat's first generation global maritime communications network. Positioned in geosynchronous orbit at 26 deg W in 1982-1986; 178 deg E in 1986-1991; 20 deg E in 1991-1992; 22 deg E in 1992-1996 As of 1 September 2001 located at 11.08 deg W drifting at 18.839 deg W per day. As of 2007 Mar 9 located at 168.28W drifting at 18.837W degrees per day. Additional Details: MARECS 1.

1982 January - Development of Ariane 4 launch vehicle authorised. The objective of was an increase in payload of 90%. Total development cost 476 million 1986 ECU's.

1982 September 9 - 02:12 GMT - Kourou ELA1. Ariane 1 L5 FAILURE: Stage 3 turbopump. MARECS B Spacecraft: ECS/OTS. Agency: ESA. Marecs B intended for maritime communications, planned for lease to Inmarsat; launched with Sirio 2. Geosynch orbit.

1983 June 16 - 11:59 GMT - Kourou ELA1. Ariane 1 L6 Eutelsat 1 Mass: 1,050 kg (2,310 lb). Spacecraft: ECS/OTS. Agency: Eutelsat. Perigee: 36,123 km (22,445 mi). Apogee: 36,246 km (22,522 mi). Inclination: 9.20 deg. Period: 1,456.50 min. Designator ESA/83/4. Launch time 1159 GMT. Launch agency ESA. Geostationary position 10+/- 0.1 deg E. EUTELSAT 1 is a regional geostationary telecommunication Satellite for European countries. It is operated by the EUTELSAT organization. Frequency plan: 1 36-138 MHz (S-E). 148-149.9 MHz (E-S). 10.7-11.7 GHz (S-E). 14-14.5 GHz (E-S). Positions: Document Positioned in geosynchronous orbit at 10 deg E in 1983; 13 deg E in 1983-1989; 16 deg E in 1989-1991; 25 deg E in 1992-1993; 48E1993-1996; 36 deg E in 1996 As of 31 August 2001 located at 12.27 deg W drifting at 5.043 deg W per day. As of 2007 Mar 9 located at 109.78W drifting at 5.059W degrees per day.

1983 October 19 - 00:45 GMT - Kourou ELA1. Ariane 1 L7 Intelsat 5 F-7 Mass: 1,928 kg (4,250 lb). Spacecraft: Intelsat 5. Agency: INTELSAT. Perigee: 35,928 km (22,324 mi). Apogee: 35,972 km (22,351 mi). Inclination: 8.50 deg. Period: 1,444.50 min. Ariane third stage. Launched by European Space Agency. Launch time 0045:36 GMT. Launched spacecraft Intelsat V F7. Positioned in geosynchronous orbit at 60 deg E in 1984-1985; 66 deg E in 1985-1991; 57 deg E in 1991-1995; 47 deg E in 1995-1996 As of 28 August 2001 located at 140.34 deg E drifting at 2.062 deg W per day. As of 2007 Mar 9 located at 88.83W drifting at 2.097W degrees per day.

1984 March 5 - 00:50 GMT - Kourou ELA1. Ariane 1 L8 Intelsat 5 F-8 Mass: 1,928 kg (4,250 lb). Spacecraft: Intelsat 5. Agency: INTELSAT. Perigee: 36,531 km (22,699 mi). Apogee: 36,755 km (22,838 mi). Inclination: 8.20 deg. Period: 1,480.10 min. Positioned in geosynchronous orbit at 53 deg W in 1984-1985; 180 deg E in 1985-1994 As of 28 August 2001 located at 164.20 deg W drifting at 10.735 deg W per day. As of 2007 Mar 11 located at 110.10E drifting at 10.740W degrees per day.

1984 May 23 - 01:33 GMT - Kourou ELA1. Ariane 1 V9 Spacenet F1 Mass: 705 kg (1,554 lb). Spacecraft: AS 3000. Agency: GTE. Perigee: 35,840 km (22,260 mi). Apogee: 35,897 km (22,305 mi). Inclination: 4.90 deg. Period: 1,440.30 min. Stationed at 120 deg W. C, Ku band communications satellite. Positioned in geosynchronous orbit at 120 deg W in 1984-1993; 115 deg E in 1993-on. As of 2 September 2001 located at 165.12 deg E drifting at 0.985 deg W per day. As of 2007 Mar 10 located at 109.23W drifting at 1.077W degrees per day.

1984 August 4 - 13:32 GMT - Kourou ELA1. Ariane 3 V10 Eutelsat 2 Mass: 700 kg (1,540 lb). Spacecraft: ECS/OTS. Agency: Eutelsat. Perigee: 36,165 km (22,471 mi). Apogee: 36,248 km (22,523 mi). Inclination: 3.00 deg. Period: 1,457.60 min. Stationed at 7 deg E. Launch time 1333 UT. Geostationary orbit position 10 +/- 0.1; afterwards 7 +/- 0.1 deg E. EUTELSAT 2 is a regional geostationary satellite for European countries. Positioned in geosynchronous orbit at 10 deg E in 1984; 7 deg E in 1984-1990; 2 deg E in 1991; 1 deg E in 1992-1993 As of 5 September 2001 located at 62.27 deg W drifting at 5.317 deg W per day. As of 2007 Mar 9 located at 57.69E drifting at 5.323W degrees per day.

1984 November 10 - 01:14 GMT - Kourou ELA1. Ariane 3 V11 Spacenet F2 Mass: 705 kg (1,554 lb). Spacecraft: AS 3000. Agency: GTE. Perigee: 35,904 km (22,309 mi). Apogee: 35,962 km (22,345 mi). Inclination: 4.20 deg. Period: 1,443.60 min. Stationed at 68 deg W. C, Ku band communications satellite. Positioned in geosynchronous orbit at 69 deg W in 1984-1997; 115 deg E in 1997-1998 As of 5 September 2001 located at 65.20 deg E drifting at 1.887 deg W per day. As of 2007 Mar 9 located at 64.76W drifting at 1.866W degrees per day.

1985 February 8 - 23:22 GMT - Kourou ELA1. Ariane 3 V12 Arabsat 1A Mass: 532 kg (1,172 lb). Spacecraft: Spacebus 100. Agency: Arabsat. Perigee: 35,724 km (22,197 mi). Apogee: 35,753 km (22,215 mi). Inclination: 8.20 deg. Period: 1,433.70 min. Stationed at 19 deg E. Positioned in geosynchronous orbit at 19 deg E in 1985-1991 As of 27 August 2001 located at 76.76 deg E drifting at 0.635 deg E per day. As of 2007 Feb 28 located at 87.85E drifting at 0.629E degrees per day.

1985 May 8 - 01:15 GMT - Kourou ELA1. Ariane 3 V13 GStar 1 Mass: 705 kg (1,554 lb). Spacecraft: AS 3000. Agency: GTE. Perigee: 35,783 km (22,234 mi). Apogee: 35,791 km (22,239 mi). Inclination: 0.10 deg. Period: 1,436.10 min. Stationed at 103 deg W. Ku band communications satellite. Positioned in geosynchronous orbit at 103 deg W in 1985-1996; 105 deg W in 1997-1999 As of 5 September 2001 located at 105.33 deg W drifting at 0.011 deg W per day. As of 2007 Mar 9 located at 105.07W drifting at 0.006W degrees per day.

1985 July 2 - 11:23 GMT - Kourou ELA1. Ariane 1 V14 Giotto Mass: 583 kg (1,285 lb). Spacecraft: Giotto. Agency: ESA. Perigee: 201 km (124 mi). Apogee: 35,807 km (22,249 mi). Inclination: 6.90 deg. Period: 631.51 min. Encountered comet Halley March 13, 1986. The Giotto mission was designed to study Comet P/Halley, and also studied Comet P/Grigg-Skjellerup during its extended mission. The spacecraft encountered Halley on March 13, 1986, at a distance of 0.89 AU from the sun and 0.98 AU from the Earth and an angle of 107 degrees from the comet-sun line. The actual closest approach was measured at 596 km. All experiments performed well and returned a wealth of new scientific results, of which perhaps the most important was the clear identification of the cometary nucleus. Fourteen seconds before closest approach, Giotto was hit by a `large' dust particle. The impact caused the spacecraft angular momentum vector to shift 0.9 degrees. Scientific data were received intermittently for the next 32 minutes. Some experiment sensors suffered damage during this 32-minute interval. Other experiments (the camera baffle and deflecting mirror, the dust detector sensors on the front sheet of the bumper shield, and most experiment apertures) were exposed to dust particles regardless of the accident and also suffered damage. Many of the sensors survived the encounter with little or no damage. Questionable or partially damaged sensors included the camera (later proved to not be functional) and one of the plasma analyzers (RPA). Inoperable experiments included the neutral and ion mass spectrometers and one sensor each on the dust detector and the other plasma analyzer (JPA). During the Giotto extended mission, the spacecraft successfully encountered Comet P/Grigg-Skjellerup on July 10, 1992. The closest approach was approximately 200 km. The heliocentric distance of the spacecraft was 1.01 AU, and the geocentric distance, 1.43 AU at the time of the encounter. The payload was switched-on in the evening of July 9. Eight experiments were operated and provided a surprising wealth of data. The Johnstone Plasma Analyser detected the first presence of cometary ions 600,000 km from the nucleus at 12 hours before the closest approach. The Dust Impact Detectors reported the first impact of a fairly large particle at 15:30:56. Bow shocks/waves and acceleration regions were also detected. After the P/Grigg-Skjellerup encounter operation were terminated on 23 July 1992. The spacecraft will fly by the Earth on 1 July 1999.

1985 September 12 - 23:26 GMT - Kourou ELA1. Ariane 3 V15 FAILURE: Geosynchronous orbit injection failure. Third stage igniter cartridge failure was determined to be the most likely cause. Eutelsat 3 Spacecraft: ECS/OTS. Agency: Eutelsat. Launched with Spacenet F3.

1986 February 22 - 01:44 GMT - Kourou ELA1. Ariane 1 V16 SPOT 1 Mass: 1,830 kg (4,030 lb). Spacecraft: SPOT-1-2-3. Agency: CNES. Perigee: 824 km (512 mi). Apogee: 826 km (513 mi). Inclination: 98.70 deg. Period: 101.40 min. Remote sensing satellite. Registration 1986-1.B

1986 March 28 - 23:30 GMT - Kourou ELA2. Ariane 3 V17 GStar 2 Mass: 1,140 kg (2,510 lb). Spacecraft: AS 3000. Agency: GTE. Perigee: 35,902 km (22,308 mi). Apogee: 35,943 km (22,333 mi). Inclination: 5.60 deg. Period: 1,443.10 min. Ku band communications satellite. Stationed at 70 degrees W. Positioned in geosynchronous orbit at 105 deg W in 1986-1992; 125 deg W in 1992-1997 As of 5 September 2001 located at 148.11 deg W drifting at 1.728 deg W per day. As of 2007 Mar 10 located at 2.39W drifting at 1.699W degrees per day.

1986 May 31 - 00:53 GMT - Kourou ELA1. Ariane 2 V18 FAILURE: Third stage ignition failure. Destroyed by range safety. Intelsat-5A 14 Spacecraft: Intelsat 5A. Agency: NOAA. Targeted for geosynch orbit.

1987 September 16 - 00:45 GMT - Kourou ELA1. Ariane 3 V19 Aussat A3 Mass: 1,195 kg (2,634 lb). Spacecraft: HS 376. Agency: Aussat. Perigee: 35,781 km (22,233 mi). Apogee: 35,794 km (22,241 mi). Inclination: 0.00 deg. Period: 1,436.20 min. Australian domestic communications; 164 deg E. Communication satellite. Launching states: Australia and France. Longitude 164 deg E +/- 0.5. (orbit given is geocentric 42164 km, which corresponds to altitude 35787 km). The satellite mass was 655 kg at beginning of life for an Ariane mission only on-station after the apogee motor had fired and station acquisition fuel was expended. Positioned in geosynchronous orbit at 164 deg E in 1987-1993; 156 deg E in 1993-1995; 152 deg E in 1995-1999 As of 4 September 2001 located at 163.96 deg E drifting at 0.005 deg W per day. As of 2007 Mar 10 located at 31.52E drifting at 0.011E degrees per day.

1987 November 21 - 02:19 GMT - Kourou ELA2. Ariane 2 V20 TVSAT 1 Mass: 2,077 kg (4,579 lb). Spacecraft: Spacebus 300. Agency: Bundespo. Perigee: 36,066 km (22,410 mi). Apogee: 36,151 km (22,463 mi). Inclination: 4.30 deg. Period: 1,452.60 min. West German communications; solar panel failed to deploy making spacecraft unusable. Because of a malfunction of the solar generator, the satellite is being used only for technical tests. Geostationary position 19 W. Launch by Ariane-2 flight no. 20. Due to a malfunction of the solar generator, TV-SAT 1 was taken out of commission and sen t to a so-called parking orbit beyond the geostationary orbit. Semi-major axis 42485.605 km. Eccentricity 0.00116. Inc 0.716, Arg of perigee 216.66, RA 76.77, Mean anomaly 47.1 Mean drift -4.071 deg/day, E long 350.617, latitude -0.713. Positioned in geosynchronous orbit at 18 deg W in 1988 As of 5 September 2001 located at 76.53 deg W drifting at 4.886 deg W per day. As of 2007 Mar 11 located at 169.62W drifting at 4.874W degrees per day.

1988 March 11 - 23:28 GMT - Kourou ELA1. Ariane 3 V21 Spacenet F3R Mass: 1,212 kg (2,672 lb). Spacecraft: AS 3000. Agency: France T. Perigee: 35,935 km (22,328 mi). Apogee: 35,980 km (22,350 mi). Inclination: 2.40 deg. Period: 1,444.90 min. US domestic communications; 87 deg W. C, Ku band communications satellite. Positioned in geosynchronous orbit at 87 deg W in 1988-1997; 83 deg W in 1997-1999 As of 2 September 2001 located at 107.85 deg W drifting at 2.220 deg W per day. As of 2007 Mar 9 located at 153.60E drifting at 2.179W degrees per day.

1988 May 17 - 23:58 GMT - Kourou ELA1. Ariane 2 V23 Intelsat 5A F-13 Mass: 2,013 kg (4,437 lb). Spacecraft: Intelsat 5A. Agency: Intelsat. Perigee: 35,776 km (22,230 mi). Apogee: 35,800 km (22,200 mi). Inclination: 0.10 deg. Period: 1,436.20 min. Replaced Intelsat 5 F-3; 53 deg W. Positioned in geosynchronous orbit at 53 deg W in 1988-1995; 177 deg W in 1995-1999 As of 5 September 2001 located at 177.08 deg W drifting at 0.009 deg W per day. As of 2007 Mar 8 located at 44.56W drifting at 6.109W degrees per day.

1988 June 15 - 11:19 GMT - Kourou ELA2. Ariane 44LP V22 Meteosat 3 Mass: 696 kg (1,534 lb). Spacecraft: Meteosat. Agency: Eumetsat. Perigee: 36,723 km (22,818 mi). Apogee: 36,766 km (22,845 mi). Inclination: 7.50 deg. Period: 1,485.30 min. Stationed at 0 deg. Meteosat P2 is a geostationary meteorological satellite operating within the world wide network of the World Weather Watch of the World Meteorological Organization. Its main missions are: Imaging in the visible, IR and water vapour region of the spectrum; data reception from so-called Data Collection Platforms (DCPs); data distribution to meteorological services and other interested parties (research institutes, etc). Geostationary position 0 deg E. ESA designator ESA/88/02. Launch time 1119:33 UT. Positioned in geosynchronous orbit at 1 deg E in 1988-1989; 49 deg W in 1989; 4 deg W in 1990-1991; 49 deg W in 1991-1993; 75 deg W in 1993-1995; 70 deg W in 1995 As of 5 September 2001 located at 175.17 deg W drifting at 11.970 deg W per day. As of 2007 Mar 11 located at 140.75W drifting at 11.975W degrees per day.

1988 July 21 - 23:12 GMT - Kourou ELA1. Ariane 3 V24 Insat-1C; Insat 1C Mass: 1,190 kg (2,620 lb). Spacecraft: Insat 1. Agency: ISRO. Perigee: 35,755 km (22,217 mi). Apogee: 35,814 km (22,253 mi). Inclination: 9.00 deg. Period: 1,436.00 min. Stationed at 93.5 deg E; also performed communications tasks. Operational multipurpose satellite for telecommunications, meteorological imaging and data relay, radio and television programme distribution and direct television broadcasting for community reception. Geosynchronous orbit longitude 93.5 +/- 0.1 deg east. Launch vehicle Ariane 3 launch vehicle of Arianespace, 24th flight of Ariane and 9th flight of the Ariane 3 version. Positioned in geosynchronous orbit at 93 deg E in 1988-1989 As of 4 September 2001 located at 58.51 deg E drifting at 0.073 deg E per day. As of 2007 Mar 11 located at 80.89E drifting at 0.154W degrees per day.

1988 September 8 - 23:00 GMT - Kourou ELA2. Ariane 3 V25 GStar 3 Mass: 1,270 kg (2,790 lb). Spacecraft: AS 3000. Agency: GTE. Perigee: 35,769 km (22,225 mi). Apogee: 35,806 km (22,248 mi). Inclination: 5.30 deg. Period: 1,436.20 min. AKM malfunctioned, but orbit achieved using on-board propulsion system. Ku band communications satellite. Positioned in geosynchronous orbit at 93 deg W in 1989-1996; 105 deg W in 1996-1999 As of 5 September 2001 located at 105.39 deg W drifting at 0.005 deg W per day. As of 2007 Mar 9 located at 105.31W drifting at 0.004W degrees per day.

1988 October 28 - 02:17 GMT - Kourou ELA1. Ariane 2 V26 TDF-1 Mass: 2,136 kg (4,709 lb). Spacecraft: Spacebus 300. Agency: France T. Perigee: 36,051 km (22,401 mi). Apogee: 36,129 km (22,449 mi). Inclination: 4.80 deg. Period: 1,451.60 min. French DBS; 19 deg W. Direct broadcasting satellite. French registration: TDF-1, 1988-5-B. Positioned in geosynchronous orbit at 19 deg W in 1988-1996 As of 1 September 2001 located at 139.53 deg W drifting at 3.885 deg W per day. As of 2007 Mar 5 located at 16.35W drifting at 3.870W degrees per day.

1988 December 11 - 00:33 GMT - Kourou ELA2. Ariane 44LP V27 Skynet 4B Mass: 1,433 kg (3,159 lb). Spacecraft: ECS/OTS. Agency: UK MoD. Perigee: 35,933 km (22,327 mi). Apogee: 35,967 km (22,348 mi). Inclination: 7.50 deg. Period: 1,444.40 min. British military communications; 1 deg W. Military communications. Positioned in geosynchronous orbit at 1 deg W in 1989-1990; 53 deg E in 1990-1998 As of 4 September 2001 located at 60.05 deg E drifting at 2.136 deg W per day. As of 2007 Mar 10 located at 126.32E drifting at 2.116W degrees per day.

1989 January 27 - 01:21 GMT - Kourou ELA1. Ariane 2 V28 Intelsat 5A F-15 Mass: 1,977 kg (4,358 lb). Spacecraft: Intelsat 5A. Agency: Intelsat. Perigee: 35,773 km (22,228 mi). Apogee: 35,801 km (22,245 mi). Inclination: 0.00 deg. Period: 1,436.20 min. International communications; 18 deg W. Positioned in geosynchronous orbit at 60 deg E in 1989-1992; 18 deg W in 1992-1996; 22 deg W in 1996-1997; 38 deg W in 1998-1999 As of 5 September 2001 located at 37.72 deg W drifting at 0.020 deg W per day. As of 2007 Mar 9 located at 153.76E drifting at 4.192W degrees per day.

1989 March 6 - 23:29 GMT - Kourou ELA2. Ariane 44LP V29 JCSAT 1 Mass: 2,280 kg (5,020 lb). Spacecraft: HS 393. Agency: JCSAT. Perigee: 35,971 km (22,351 mi). Apogee: 36,018 km (22,380 mi). Inclination: 4.10 deg. Period: 1,446.80 min. Japanese domestic communications; 150 deg E. Domestic communication. Launching states: Japan, France, USA. Launch vehicle Ariane 29 (Ariane IV). Launching organization ARIANE SPACE. Launch time 1129 GMT. Positioned in geosynchronous orbit at 150 deg E in 1989-1997; 148 deg E in 1997; 111 deg E in 1998 As of 31 August 2001 located at 19.12 deg E drifting at 2.653 deg W per day. As of 2007 Mar 11 located at 63.05E drifting at 2.678W degrees per day.

1989 April 2 - 02:28 GMT - Kourou ELA1. Ariane 2 V30 TELE-X Mass: 2,142 kg (4,722 lb). Spacecraft: Spacebus 300. Agency: NSAB. Perigee: 36,061 km (22,407 mi). Apogee: 36,128 km (22,448 mi). Inclination: 4.30 deg. Period: 1,451.80 min. TV, business communications for Nordic countries; 5 deg E. High power telecommunications satellite with a dual mission; direct TV broadcasting and data communications. Four active transponders with two redundant; power output 200 W per transponder. Coverage area - East Nordic coverage zone as defined by ITU (WARC -77). Mission period estimated to be 6 to 8 years. Position 5 deg E. Positioned in geosynchronous orbit at 5 deg E in 1989-1998 As of 28 August 2001 located at 138.62 deg W drifting at 3.929 deg W per day. As of 2007 Mar 10 located at 132.37W drifting at 3.933W degrees per day.

1989 June 5 - 22:37 GMT - Kourou ELA2. Ariane 44L V31 Superbird A Mass: 2,489 kg (5,487 lb). Spacecraft: FS-1300. Agency: SCC. Perigee: 35,931 km (22,326 mi). Apogee: 35,944 km (22,334 mi). Inclination: 2.50 deg. Period: 1,443.80 min. Japanese domestic business communications; 158 deg E. Positioned in geosynchronous orbit at 158 deg E in 1989-1990 As of 6 September 2001 located at 41.59 deg E drifting at 1.921 deg W per day. As of 2007 Mar 11 located at 166.35W drifting at 1.878W degrees per day.

1989 July 12 - 00:14 GMT - Kourou ELA1. Ariane 3 V32 Olympus-1 Mass: 2,595 kg (5,720 lb). Spacecraft: Olympus. Agency: ESA. Perigee: 35,758 km (22,218 mi). Apogee: 35,817 km (22,255 mi). Inclination: 1.20 deg. Period: 1,436.20 min. Commsat technology demonstration;19 deg W. Olympus-1 is a multi-payload communications satellite for direct TV broadcast in the bands of the 1977 Geneva Plan of the International Telecommunications Union (ITU) (including a national beam to Italy) plus communication transponde rs in the 14/12 GHz, 2nd 30/20 GHz bands. The latter are also used for a data relay experiment with ESA's EURECA satellite. Position on geostationary orbit 341 deg E. Launch time 0014:00 UT. Positioned in geosynchronous orbit at 19 deg W in 1989-1991; 19 deg W in 1991-1993 As of 4 September 2001 located at 82.22 deg E drifting at 3.961 deg E per day. As of 2007 Mar 10 located at 118.63E drifting at 3.947E degrees per day.

1989 August 8 - 23:25 GMT - Kourou ELA2. Ariane 44LP V33 TVSAT 2 Mass: 2,130 kg (4,690 lb). Spacecraft: Spacebus 300. Agency: Bundespo. Perigee: 35,863 km (22,284 mi). Apogee: 35,951 km (22,338 mi). Inclination: 3.30 deg. Period: 1,442.20 min. TV services to West Germany; 19 deg W. Direct broadcasting satellite. Position 19 deg W. Ariane 4, flight no 33. Positioned in geosynchronous orbit at 19 deg W in 1989-1995; 1 deg W in 1995-1998; 12 deg W in 1998-1999 As of 31 August 2001 located at 29.41 deg W drifting at 1.503 deg W per day. As of 2007 Mar 9 located at 150.44E drifting at 1.494W degrees per day.

1989 October 27 - 23:05 GMT - Kourou ELA2. Ariane 44L V34 Intelsat 6A F-2 Mass: 4,215 kg (9,292 lb). Spacecraft: HS 393. Agency: Intelsat. Perigee: 35,777 km (22,230 mi). Apogee: 35,795 km (22,241 mi). Inclination: 0.70 deg. Period: 1,436.10 min. Stationed at 24.5 deg E. At the time, the Intelsat 6 series were the largest commercial spacecraft ever built. The series were also the first commercial satellites to employ Satellite Switched/Time Division Multiple Access (SS/TDMA) techniques. Spacecraft: Based on Hughes 393 bus. Spin stabilised with despun antenna. Hydrazine propulsion system. Passive thermal control. Telescoping dual-cylinder structure with deployed antennas. Body mounted solar cells generate 2250 W (EOL). Solar drums are each about 6m tall. Payload: 38 (plus 12 backup) C-Band and 10 (plus 4 backup) Ku-Band transponders.120,000 telephone calls and 3 colour TV broadcasts simultaneously. SS/TDMA (Satellite-Switched Time Division Multiple Access) techniques used. Positioned in geosynchronous orbit at 37 deg W in 1989-1990; 24 deg W in 1990-1991; 55 deg E in 1991; 60 deg E in 1992; 63 deg E in 1992-1997; 62 deg E in 1997-1999 As of 29 August 2001 located at 62.02 deg E drifting at 0.018 deg W per day. As of 2007 Mar 9 located at 150.55E drifting at 0.004W degrees per day.

1990 January 22 - 01:35 GMT - Kourou ELA2. Ariane 40 V35 SPOT 2 Mass: 1,870 kg (4,120 lb). Spacecraft: SPOT-1-2-3. Agency: CNES. Perigee: 825 km (512 mi). Apogee: 826 km (513 mi). Inclination: 98.70 deg. Period: 101.40 min. Remote sensing. Earth observation satellite. Registration 1990-1-B.

1990 February 22 - 23:17 GMT - Kourou ELA2. Ariane 44L V36 FAILURE: Exploded 100 seconds after liftoff due to water line blockage. This was caused by a piece of cloth found in the first stage Viking engine water cooling system. Superbird B Spacecraft: FS-1300. Agency: SCCJ. Apogee: 9.00 km (5.50 mi). Launched with BS-2X. Targeted for Geosynch orbit.

1990 July 24 - 22:25 GMT - Kourou ELA2. Ariane 44L V37 TDF 2 Mass: 2,096 kg (4,620 lb). Spacecraft: Spacebus 300. Agency: France T. Perigee: 36,085 km (22,422 mi). Apogee: 36,435 km (22,639 mi). Inclination: 3.10 deg. Period: 1,460.40 min. French DBS; 19 deg W. Direct broadcasting satellite. Registration 1990-2-B. Positioned in geosynchronous orbit at 19 deg W in 1990-1997; 36 deg E in 1997-1999 As of 5 September 2001 located at 62.59 deg E drifting at 6.006 deg W per day. As of 2007 Mar 9 located at 98.15W drifting at 5.991W degrees per day.

1990 August 30 - 22:46 GMT - Kourou ELA2. Ariane 44LP V38 Skynet 4C Mass: 1,463 kg (3,225 lb). Spacecraft: ECS/OTS. Agency: UK MoD. Perigee: 35,781 km (22,233 mi). Apogee: 35,793 km (22,240 mi). Inclination: 2.00 deg. Period: 1,436.10 min. UK military communications; 1 deg W. United Kingdom military communications satellite. Owner/operator: UK Ministry of Defence. Expected operational life 10 years. Positioned in geosynchronous orbit at 1 deg W in 1990-1999 As of 3 September 2001 located at 0.97 deg W drifting at 0.002 deg E per day. As of 2007 Mar 10 located at 1.27W drifting at 0.000W degrees per day.

1990 October 12 - 22:58 GMT - Kourou ELA2. Ariane 44L V39 SBS 6 Mass: 2,478 kg (5,463 lb). Spacecraft: HS 376. Agency: HCI. Perigee: 35,780 km (22,230 mi). Apogee: 35,794 km (22,241 mi). Inclination: 0.10 deg. Period: 1,436.10 min. Stationed at 99 deg W. Spacecraft engaged in research and exploration of the upper atmosphere or outer space (US Cat B). Positioned in geosynchronous orbit at 97 deg W in 1990; 99 deg W in 1991-1994; 95 deg W in 1994-1995; 74 deg W in 1995-1999 As of 1 September 2001 located at 74.05 deg W drifting at 0.010 deg W per day. As of 2007 Mar 11 located at 74.06W drifting at 0.011W degrees per day.

1990 November 20 - 23:11 GMT - Kourou ELA2. Ariane 42P V40 Satcom C1 Mass: 1,169 kg (2,577 lb). Spacecraft: AS 3000. Agency: GE Ameri. Perigee: 35,777 km (22,230 mi). Apogee: 35,794 km (22,241 mi). Inclination: 0.10 deg. Period: 1,436.10 min. Stationed at 137 deg W. Positioned in geosynchronous orbit at 137 deg W in 1990-1991; 139 deg W in 1991; 137 deg W in 1991-1999 As of 5 September 2001 located at 78.98 deg W drifting at 0.013 deg W per day. As of 2007 Mar 9 located at 151.83E drifting at 3.912W degrees per day.

1991 January 15 - 23:10 GMT - Kourou ELA2. Ariane 44L V41 Italsat 1 Mass: 1,865 kg (4,111 lb). Spacecraft: Italsat. Agency: ASI. Perigee: 35,817 km (22,255 mi). Apogee: 35,919 km (22,318 mi). Inclination: 4.20 deg. Period: 1,440.20 min. Experimental commsat; 13.2 deg E. ITALSAT is a body stabilized geostationary satellite and it is proposed to provide pre-operational domestic telecommunications services on the 20/30 GHz bands. Geographic longitude 13.2 deg E. Longitudinal tolerance +/- 0.1 deg. Positioned in geosynchronous orbit at 13 deg E in 1991-1999 As of 4 September 2001 located at 144.14 deg E drifting at 1.021 deg W per day. As of 2007 Mar 11 located at 86.26E drifting at 1.156W degrees per day.

1991 March 2 - 23:36 GMT - Kourou ELA2. Ariane 44LP V42 Astra 1B Mass: 2,620 kg (5,770 lb). Spacecraft: AS 5000. Agency: SES. Perigee: 35,774 km (22,228 mi). Apogee: 35,799 km (22,244 mi). Inclination: 0.00 deg. Period: 1,436.10 min. Stationed at 19.2 deg E; European coverage. Astra 1B provides TV coverage to Western Europe. The satellite is owned and operated by Société Europíenne des Satellites (SES), a private company formed in 1985. Astra 1B is the second in a network of four satellites. SES acquired Astra 1B from DBS Crimson Satellite Associates while still under construction by GE Astro Space (as Satcom K3). Astra 1B is colocated with Astra 1A, and doubled the number of channels provided by the Astra network. Spacecraft: GE 5000 platform.3-axis stabilisation with momentum wheels, magnetic torquers, Earth sensors and 20 blowdown monopropellant hydrazine thrusters. Solar arrays provide 4850 W BOL, 4 50 Ahr NiH batteries. GEO insertion provided by 2 500N bipropellant motors. Payload: 16 Ku-band transponders (with six spares) Positioned in geosynchronous orbit at 19 deg E in 1991-1999 As of 5 September 2001 located at 19.20 deg E drifting at 0.002 deg W per day. As of 2007 Mar 10 located at 92.40W drifting at 6.354W degrees per day.

1991 April 4 - 23:33 GMT - Kourou ELA2. Ariane 44P V43 Anik E2 Mass: 2,923 kg (6,444 lb). Spacecraft: AS 5000. Agency: Telesat. Perigee: 35,778 km (22,231 mi). Apogee: 35,795 km (22,241 mi). Inclination: 0.00 deg. Period: 1,436.10 min. Canadian communications; 107.3 deg W. Positioned in geosynchronous orbit at 107 deg W in 1991-1999 As of 6 September 2001 located at 111.10 deg W drifting at 0.003 deg W per day. As of 2007 Mar 10 located at 123.15E drifting at 4.124W degrees per day.

1991 July 17 - 01:46 GMT - Kourou ELA2. Ariane 40 V44 ERS 1 Mass: 2,384 kg (5,255 lb). Spacecraft: ERS 1-2. Agency: ESA. Perigee: 774 km (480 mi). Apogee: 775 km (481 mi). Inclination: 98.50 deg. Period: 100.30 min. Microwave, IR imaging of oceans, ice and land; SAR. ERS-1 was an Earth exploration satellite, using active and passive sensors for oceanography etc. Frequency plan: 2048.85/2225 MHz (TTC), 7225.2960/8489 MHz (PRARE), 8040, 8140 MHz (data transmission). Launch time 0146:31 UT. Designator ESA/91/02.

1991 August 14 - 23:15 GMT - Kourou ELA2. Ariane 44L V45 Intelsat 6 F-5 Mass: 4,296 kg (9,471 lb). Spacecraft: HS 393. Agency: Intelsat. Perigee: 35,784 km (22,235 mi). Apogee: 35,788 km (22,237 mi). Inclination: 0.00 deg. Period: 1,436.10 min. International communications; 14.5 deg W. Positioned in geosynchronous orbit at 24 deg W in 1991-1997; 27 deg W in 1997-1999 As of 2 September 2001 located at 27.48 deg W drifting at 0.015 deg W per day. As of 2007 Mar 10 located at 174.03E drifting at 0.000W degrees per day.

1991 September 26 - 23:43 GMT - Kourou ELA2. Ariane 44P V46 Anik E1 Mass: 2,977 kg (6,563 lb). Spacecraft: AS 5000. Agency: Telesat. Perigee: 35,778 km (22,231 mi). Apogee: 35,795 km (22,241 mi). Inclination: 0.00 deg. Period: 1,436.10 min. Stationed at 111.1 deg W. Positioned in geosynchronous orbit at 111 deg W in 1991-1999 As of 6 September 2001 located at 118.68 deg W drifting at 0.000 deg E per day. As of 2007 Mar 10 located at 31.37E drifting at 3.973W degrees per day.

1991 October 29 - 23:08 GMT - Kourou ELA2. Ariane 44L V47 Intelsat 6A F-1 Mass: 4,330 kg (9,540 lb). Spacecraft: HS 393. Agency: Intelsat. Perigee: 35,784 km (22,235 mi). Apogee: 35,791 km (22,239 mi). Inclination: 0.00 deg. Period: 1,436.20 min. International communications; 27.5 deg W. Positioned in geosynchronous orbit at 27 deg W in 1992-1997; 34 deg W in 1997-1999 As of 2 September 2001 located at 34.48 deg W drifting at 0.002 deg W per day. As of 2007 Mar 10 located at 63.65E drifting at 0.000W degrees per day.

1991 December 16 - 23:19 GMT - Kourou ELA2. Ariane 44L V48 Telecom 2A Mass: 2,275 kg (5,015 lb). Spacecraft: Eurostar 2000. Agency: France T. Perigee: 35,773 km (22,228 mi). Apogee: 35,801 km (22,245 mi). Inclination: 0.10 deg. Period: 1,436.10 min. French communications; 3 deg E. Positioned in geosynchronous orbit at 3 deg E in 1992; 8 deg W in 1992-1999 As of 5 September 2001 located at 8.05 deg W drifting at 0.004 deg W per day. As of 2007 Mar 11 located at 111.59E drifting at 4.763W degrees per day.

1992 February 26 - 23:58 GMT - Kourou ELA2. Ariane 44L V49 Superbird B1 Mass: 2,560 kg (5,640 lb). Spacecraft: FS-1300. Agency: SCC. Perigee: 36,057 km (22,404 mi). Apogee: 36,206 km (22,497 mi). Inclination: 0.90 deg. Period: 1,453.80 min. Stationed at 162 deg E. Domestic communications. Launching organization Arianespace. Launch time 2358 GMT. Positioned in geosynchronous orbit at 162 deg E in 1992-1999 As of 4 September 2001 located at 19.90 deg W drifting at 4.382 deg W per day. As of 2007 Mar 9 located at 164.51E drifting at 4.378W degrees per day.

1992 April 15 - 23:25 GMT - Kourou ELA2. Ariane 44L+ V50 Telecom 2B Mass: 2,200 kg (4,800 lb). Spacecraft: Eurostar 2000. Agency: France T. Perigee: 35,769 km (22,225 mi). Apogee: 35,804 km (22,247 mi). Inclination: 0.00 deg. Period: 1,436.10 min. Stationed at 3 deg E. Positioned in geosynchronous orbit at 5 deg W in 1992-1999 As of 5 September 2001 located at 24.98 deg E drifting at 0.634 deg E per day. As of 2007 Mar 9 located at 77.10W drifting at 2.683W degrees per day.

1992 July 9 - 22:42 GMT - Kourou ELA2. Ariane 44L V51 Insat-2A Mass: 1,900 kg (4,100 lb). Spacecraft: Insat 2. Agency: ISRO. Perigee: 35,788 km (22,237 mi). Apogee: 35,839 km (22,269 mi). Inclination: 4.10 deg. Period: 1,437.50 min. Stationed at 74 deg E; also performed communications functions. INSAT-2A is a multi-purpose satellite, and it will provide the following services: Domestic long-distance telecommunications, meteorological earth observation and data collection services, direct satellite TV broadcasting to community TV receivers in rura l and remote areas, radio and TV progamme distribution, and Satellite Aided Search and Rescue services. Geostationary longitude 74 +/0 0.1 deg E. Positioned in geosynchronous orbit at 74 deg E in 1992-1999 As of 3 September 2001 located at 48.18 deg E drifting at 0.010 deg E per day. As of 2007 Mar 5 located at 25.76W drifting at 0.201W degrees per day.

1992 August 10 - 23:08 GMT - Kourou ELA2. Ariane 42P V52 Topex/Poseidon Mass: 2,402 kg (5,295 lb). Spacecraft: Topex/Poseidon. Agency: JPL/CNES. Perigee: 1,331 km (827 mi). Apogee: 1,344 km (835 mi). Inclination: 66.00 deg. Period: 112.40 min. Ocean sensing, mapping. Spacecraft engaged in research and exploration of the upper atmosphere or outer space (US Cat B).

1992 September 10 - 23:04 GMT - Kourou ELA2. Ariane 44LP+ V53 Hispasat 1A Mass: 2,194 kg (4,836 lb). Spacecraft: Eurostar 2000. Agency: Hispasat. Perigee: 35,784 km (22,235 mi). Apogee: 35,794 km (22,241 mi). Inclination: 0.10 deg. Period: 1,436.20 min. Stationed at 30 deg W. Positioned in geosynchronous orbit at 30 deg W in 1992-1999 As of 3 September 2001 located at 29.99 deg W drifting at 0.013 deg W per day. As of 2007 Mar 10 located at 83.37E drifting at 3.458W degrees per day.

1992 October 28 - 00:15 GMT - Kourou ELA2. Ariane 42P+ V54 Galaxy 7 Mass: 2,968 kg (6,543 lb). Spacecraft: HS 601. Agency: HCI. Perigee: 35,917 km (22,317 mi). Apogee: 35,968 km (22,349 mi). Inclination: 1.50 deg. Period: 1,444.10 min. Geostationary at 91 deg W. The Galaxy 7 satellite failed on November 22, 2000, the third such satellite to fall victim to a design flaw in the on-board computers. Positioned in geosynchronous orbit at 91 deg W in 1992-1999 As of 1 September 2001 located at 32.55 deg E drifting at 2.022 deg W per day. As of 2007 Mar 10 located at 141.47W drifting at 2.077W degrees per day.

1992 December 1 - 22:48 GMT - Kourou ELA2. Ariane 42P+ V55 Superbird A1 Mass: 2,780 kg (6,120 lb). Spacecraft: FS-1300. Agency: SCC. Perigee: 35,774 km (22,228 mi). Apogee: 35,800 km (22,200 mi). Inclination: 0.00 deg. Period: 1,436.10 min. Stationed at 158 deg E. Domestic communications. Launching states: Japan and France. Launch time 2248 GMT. Positioned in geosynchronous orbit at 158 deg E in 1993-1999 As of 31 August 2001 located at 157.95 deg E drifting at 0.011 deg W per day. As of 2007 Mar 9 located at 158.03E drifting at 0.006W degrees per day.

1993 May 12 - 00:56 GMT - Kourou ELA2. Ariane 42L V56 Astra 1C Mass: 2,790 kg (6,150 lb). Spacecraft: HS 601. Agency: SES. Perigee: 35,777 km (22,230 mi). Apogee: 35,798 km (22,243 mi). Inclination: 0.00 deg. Period: 1,436.10 min. Stationed at 1.2 deg E. TV distribution services to Western Europe and the Canary Islands under franchise from the Grand Duchy of Luxembourg. Contracted and controlled by the private company formed in 1985 called Société Europíenne des Satellites (SES). This is the third in a series of 4 medium power satellites, and will act primarily as Astra 1A's backup. Spacecraft: HS-601 platform.3-axis unified ARC 22 N and one Marquardt 490 N bipropellant thrusters, Sun and Barnes Earth sensors and two 61 Nms 2-axis gimballed momentum bias wheels.1658 kg nitrogen tetroxide & MMH in four spheres. Spin-stabilised in transfer orbit. Twin solar wings of three 2.16 x 2.54 m panels carrying large area silicon cells on Kevlar substrate to satisfy 3.3 kW requirement. Eclipse protection provided by Nickel hydrogen batteries. Payload: 18 eclipse protected transponders, plus six spares with 63W TWTA 10.95-11.200 Ghz down Ku-band European beams in 250 Mhz band adjacent (below) to Astra 1A, 26 Mhz bandwidth, eirp 50 dBW min, orthogonal polarisation, operating in the FSS range Positioned in geosynchronous orbit at 19 deg E in 1993-1999 As of 5 September 2001 located at 19.21 deg E drifting at 0.002 deg W per day. As of 2007 Mar 11 located at 4.54E drifting at 0.051E degrees per day.

1993 June 25 - 00:18 GMT - Kourou ELA2. Ariane 42P+ V57 Galaxy 4 Mass: 2,988 kg (6,587 lb). Spacecraft: HS 601. Agency: HCI. Perigee: 35,743 km (22,209 mi). Apogee: 35,829 km (22,263 mi). Inclination: 3.40 deg. Period: 1,436.10 min. Geostationary at 99 deg W. Spacecraft engaged in practical applications and uses of space technology such as weather or communication (US Cat C). Positioned in geosynchronous orbit at 99 deg W in 1993-1998 As of 6 September 2001 located at 76.26 deg E drifting at 0.041 deg W per day. As of 2007 Mar 10 located at 77.40E drifting at 0.010E degrees per day.

1993 July 22 - 22:58 GMT - Kourou ELA2. Ariane 44L+ V58 Hispasat-1B Mass: 2,120 kg (4,670 lb). Spacecraft: Eurostar 2000. Agency: Hispasat. Perigee: 35,780 km (22,230 mi). Apogee: 35,794 km (22,241 mi). Inclination: 0.00 deg. Period: 1,436.10 min. Stationed at 30 deg W. Positioned in geosynchronous orbit at 30 deg W in 1993-1999 As of 5 September 2001 located at 30.13 deg W drifting at 0.024 deg W per day. As of 2007 Mar 8 located at 157.75E drifting at 1.953W degrees per day.

1993 September 26 - 01:45 GMT - Kourou ELA2. Ariane 40 V59 SPOT 3 Mass: 1,907 kg (4,204 lb). Spacecraft: SPOT-1-2-3. Agency: CNES. Perigee: 821 km (510 mi). Apogee: 823 km (511 mi). Inclination: 98.70 deg. Period: 101.30 min. Remote sensing.

1993 October 22 - 06:46 GMT - Kourou ELA2. Ariane 44LP+ V60 Intelsat 701 Mass: 3,650 kg (8,040 lb). Spacecraft: FS-1300. Agency: Intelsat. Perigee: 35,769 km (22,225 mi). Apogee: 35,802 km (22,246 mi). Inclination: 0.00 deg. Period: 1,436.10 min. International communications. The Intelsat 7 and 7A series were nearly identical except for an increase in the number of Ku-band transponders in the 7A series. Spacecraft: 3-axis stabilised. Hydrazine propulsion system. Two large solar panels with 1-axis articulation provide 3900W BOL. Payload: 7: 26 C-Band and 10 Ku-Band transponders.18,000 telephone calls and 3 colour TV broadcasts simultaneously. Or up to 90,000 telephone circuits using digital circuit multiplication equipment (DCME).7A: 26 C-Band and 14 Ku-Band transponders.22,500 telephone calls and 3 colour TV broadcasts simultaneously. Or up to 112,500 telephone circuits using DCME. Three independently steerable, high-powered, Ku-band spot beams. Independently steerable C-band spot beam coverage. Positioned in geosynchronous orbit at 121 deg E in 1993; 174 deg E in 1994-1997; 180 deg W in 1997-1999 As of 6 September 2001 located at 179.91 deg W drifting at 0.004 deg W per day. As of 2007 Mar 9 located at 179.97W drifting at 0.001E degrees per day.

1993 November 20 - 01:17 GMT - Kourou ELA2. Ariane 44LP+ V61 Solidaridad 1 Mass: 2,776 kg (6,120 lb). Spacecraft: HS 601. Agency: Tele Mex. Perigee: 35,766 km (22,223 mi). Apogee: 35,811 km (22,251 mi). Inclination: 1.50 deg. Period: 1,436.20 min. Stationed at 109.2 deg W. Positioned in geosynchronous orbit at 109 deg W in 1993-1999 As of 5 September 2001 located at 101.71 deg W drifting at 0.010 deg E per day. As of 2007 Mar 10 located at 102.54W drifting at 0.027W degrees per day.

1993 December 18 - 01:27 GMT - Kourou ELA2. Ariane 44L+ V62 DBS 1 Mass: 2,860 kg (6,300 lb). Spacecraft: HS 601. Agency: DirecTV. Perigee: 35,775 km (22,229 mi). Apogee: 35,798 km (22,243 mi). Inclination: 0.00 deg. Period: 1,436.10 min. Stationed at 101.2 deg W. DirecTV, Inc. is a subsidiary of Hughes Communications and offers commercial satellite television service to the US. The orbital part of the system consists of 3 Hughes-built geosynchronous satellites. Broadcast services began in mid-1994. Competitors include the similar Primestar and USSB services, as well as older C-band satellite services and cable TV companies. Spacecraft: DirecTV uses the Hughes HS-601 spacecraft design.3-Axis stabilised, zero momentum biased control system. Two solar arrays (4 panels each side) span 31 meters and generate 4.3 kW power. Payload: The 2.5 m diameter graphite transmit reflector performs beam shaping.16 x 120 watt Ka-Band (12.2 - 12.7 GHz) transponders with 48-53 dBw EIRP and 24 MHz bandwidth. Power is higher in areas with heavy rain. The high power combined with Reed Solomon error correction coding allow the use of small 18 inch antennas by customers.
Financial/Operational:
FCC approved Direct Broadcast Satellites in 1986. By 1997 DirecTV had 2.6 million of 5.0 million US direct broadcast television subscribers. Direct Broadcast Satellites cost $ 175 million each and have 150 video channels. Positioned in geosynchronous orbit at 101 deg W in 1994-1999; 110 deg W in 1999-2000 As of 6 September 2001 located at 109.78 deg W drifting at 0.004 deg W per day. As of 2007 Mar 10 located at 72.51W drifting at 0.011W degrees per day.

1994 January 24 - 21:37 GMT - Kourou ELA2. Ariane 44LP+ V63 FAILURE: Stage 3 turbopump overheated. Eutelsat II F5 Mass: 1,880 kg (4,140 lb). Spacecraft: Spacebus 100. Agency: Eutelsat. Launched with Turksat 1.

1994 June 17 - 07:07 GMT - Kourou ELA2. Ariane 44LP+ V64 Intelsat 702 Mass: 3,695 kg (8,146 lb). Spacecraft: FS-1300. Agency: Intelsat. Perigee: 35,776 km (22,230 mi). Apogee: 35,795 km (22,241 mi). Inclination: 0.0200 deg. Period: 1,436.07 min. Stationed at 1.03 deg W. Positioned in geosynchronous orbit at 38 deg W in 1994; 1 deg W in 1994-1996; 177 deg E in 1996-1999 As of 5 September 2001 located at 175.99 deg E drifting at 0.001 deg E per day. As of 2007 Mar 9 located at 54.82E drifting at 0.001E degrees per day.

1994 July 8 - 23:05 GMT - Kourou ELA2. Ariane 44L+ V65 Panamsat 2 Mass: 2,290 kg (5,040 lb). Spacecraft: HS 601. Agency: Panamsat. Perigee: 35,772 km (22,227 mi). Apogee: 35,799 km (22,244 mi). Inclination: 0.0400 deg. Period: 1,436.07 min. Stationed at 168.97 deg E. Positioned in geosynchronous orbit at 169 deg E in 1994-1999 As of 1 September 2001 located at 169.03 deg E drifting at 0.002 deg W per day. As of 2007 Mar 8 located at 168.96E drifting at 0.005W degrees per day.

1994 August 10 - 23:05 GMT - Kourou ELA2. Ariane 44LP+ V66 Brasilsat B1 Mass: 1,765 kg (3,891 lb). Spacecraft: HS 376W. Agency: Tele Mex. Perigee: 35,782 km (22,233 mi). Apogee: 35,791 km (22,239 mi). Inclination: 0.0300 deg. Period: 1,436.12 min. 28 C-band transponders, 1 X-band transponder (military). Stationed at 70.05 deg W. Positioned in geosynchronous orbit at 70 deg W in 1994-1999 As of 3 September 2001 located at 70.00 deg W drifting at 0.003 deg W per day. As of 2007 Mar 11 located at 71.44W drifting at 0.304W degrees per day.

1994 September 9 - 00:29 GMT - Kourou ELA2. Ariane 42L+ V67 Telstar 402 Spacecraft: AS 7000. Agency: Arianesp. Perigee: 292 km (181 mi). Apogee: 19,340 km (12,010 mi). Inclination: 7.10 deg. Period: 341.80 min.

1994 October 8 - 01:07 GMT - Kourou ELA2. Ariane 44L+ V68 Solidaridad 2 Mass: 2,776 kg (6,120 lb). Spacecraft: HS 601. Agency: Tele Mex. Perigee: 35,776 km (22,230 mi). Apogee: 35,796 km (22,242 mi). Inclination: 0.00 deg. Period: 1,436.10 min. 18 C-Band transponders. Stationed at 113.06 deg W. Positioned in geosynchronous orbit at 113 deg W in 1994-1999 As of 5 September 2001 located at 112.96 deg W drifting at 0.003 deg W per day. As of 2007 Mar 11 located at 114.89W drifting at 0.001W degrees per day.

1994 November 1 - 00:37 GMT - Kourou ELA2. Ariane 42P+ V69 Astra 1D Mass: 2,924 kg (6,446 lb). Spacecraft: HS 601. Agency: SES. Perigee: 35,773 km (22,228 mi). Apogee: 35,796 km (22,242 mi). Inclination: 0.0200 deg. Period: 1,436.00 min. European DBS and radio. Stationed at 19.29 deg E. TV distribution services to Western Europe and the Canary Islands under franchise from the Grand Duchy of Luxembourg. Contracted and controlled by the private company formed in 1985 called Société Europíenne des Satellites (SES). This is the last in a series of 4 medium power satellites, and will act primarily as Astra 1B and 1C's backup. It will also carry four 12.5 Ghz BSS transponders that can be combined for HDTV. Spacecraft: HS-601 platform.3-axis unified ARC 22 N and one Marquardt 490 N bipropellant thrusters, Sun and Barnes Earth sensors and two 61 Nms 2-axis gimballed momentum bias wheels.1658 kg nitrogen tetroxide & MMH in four spheres. Spin-stabilised in transfer orbit. Twin solar wings of three 2.16 x 2.54 m panels carrying large area silicon cells on Kevlar substrate to satisfy 3.3 kW requirement. Eclipse protection provided by Nickel hydrogen batteries. Payload: 18 eclipse protected transponders, plus six spares with 63W TWTA 10.75-10.95 Ghz FSS (&12.5 Ghz BSS) down Ku-band European beams in 250 Mhz band adjacent (below) to Astra 1C, 26 Mhz bandwidth, eirp 50 dBW min, orthogonal polarisation, operating in the FSS range Positioned in geosynchronous orbit at 19 deg E in 1995-1998; 28 deg E in 1998; 19 deg E in 1998-1999; 28 deg E in 2000.- As of 3 September 2001 located at 24.18 deg E drifting at 0.006 deg E per day. As of 2007 Mar 10 located at 23.50E drifting at 0.008W degrees per day.

1994 December 1 - 22:57 GMT - Kourou ELA2. Ariane 42P-3 V70 FAILURE: Stage 3 gas generator. Panamsat 3 Spacecraft: HS 601. Agency: Panamsat.

1995 March 28 - 23:14 GMT - Kourou ELA2. Ariane 44LP+ V71 Brasilsat B2 Mass: 1,780 kg (3,920 lb). Spacecraft: HS 376W. Agency: Telebras. Perigee: 35,782 km (22,233 mi). Apogee: 35,793 km (22,240 mi). Inclination: 0.10 deg. Period: 1,436.10 min. Stationed at 65.1 deg W. Positioned in geosynchronous orbit at 65 deg W in 1995-1999 As of 5 September 2001 located at 65.06 deg W drifting at 0.022 deg W per day. As of 2007 Mar 11 located at 65.05W drifting at 0.012W degrees per day.

1995 April 21 - 01:44 GMT - Kourou ELA2. Ariane 40+ V72 ERS 2 Mass: 2,516 kg (5,546 lb). Spacecraft: ERS 1-2. Agency: ESA. Perigee: 784 km (487 mi). Apogee: 785 km (487 mi). Inclination: 98.60 deg. Period: 100.50 min. European Remote Sensing; carried SAR; ocean, land, ice, and atmospheric observations.

1995 May 17 - 06:34 GMT - Kourou ELA2. Ariane 44LP-3 V73 Intelsat 706 Mass: 4,180 kg (9,210 lb). Spacecraft: FS-1300. Agency: Intelsat. Perigee: 35,776 km (22,230 mi). Apogee: 35,798 km (22,243 mi). Inclination: 0.00 deg. Period: 1,436.10 min. Stationed at 53.1 deg W. Positioned in geosynchronous orbit at 53 deg W in 1995-1999 As of 4 September 2001 located at 52.93 deg W drifting at 0.005 deg W per day. As of 2007 Mar 4 located at 50.24E drifting at 0.003E degrees per day.

1995 June 10 - 00:24 GMT - Kourou ELA2. Ariane 42P-3 V74 DBS 3 Mass: 2,934 kg (6,468 lb). Spacecraft: HS 601. Agency: DirecTV. Perigee: 35,784 km (22,235 mi). Apogee: 35,789 km (22,238 mi). Inclination: 0.00 deg. Period: 1,436.10 min. Commercial TV. Stationed at 101.0 deg W. Positioned in geosynchronous orbit at 101 deg W in 1995-1999 As of 5 September 2001 located at 100.90 deg W drifting at 0.012 deg W per day. As of 2007 Mar 10 located at 82.00W drifting at 0.004W degrees per day.

1995 July 7 - 16:23 GMT - Kourou ELA2. Ariane 40-3 V75 Helios 1A Mass: 2,537 kg (5,593 lb). Spacecraft: Helios 1A-1B. Agency: CNES/DGA. Perigee: 680 km (420 mi). Apogee: 682 km (423 mi). Inclination: 98.10 deg. Period: 98.40 min.

1995 August 3 - 22:58 GMT - Kourou ELA2. Ariane 42L+ V76 Panamsat 4 Mass: 3,043 kg (6,708 lb). Spacecraft: HS 601. Agency: Panamsat. Perigee: 35,776 km (22,230 mi). Apogee: 35,797 km (22,243 mi). Inclination: 0.00 deg. Period: 1,436.10 min. 16 C-Band, 24 Ku-Band transponders; 320 radio + 120 DirecTV channels. Stationed at 68.5 deg E. Positioned in geosynchronous orbit at 68 deg E in 1995-1999 As of 5 September 2001 located at 72.03 deg E drifting at 0.003 deg W per day. As of 2007 Mar 11 located at 72.00E drifting at 0.003W degrees per day.

1995 August 29 - 06:41 GMT - Kourou ELA2. Ariane 44P-3 V77 N-Star a Mass: 3,100 kg (6,800 lb). Spacecraft: FS-1300. Agency: NTT. Perigee: 35,782 km (22,233 mi). Apogee: 35,791 km (22,239 mi). Inclination: 0.10 deg. Period: 1,436.10 min. Stationed at 131.9 deg E. Positioned in geosynchronous orbit at 132 deg E in 1995-1999 As of 1 September 2001 located at 131.99 deg E drifting at 0.017 deg W per day. As of 2007 Mar 11 located at 25.96E drifting at 4.123W degrees per day.

1995 September 24 - 00:06 GMT - Kourou ELA2. Ariane 42L+ V78 Telstar 402R Mass: 3,410 kg (7,510 lb). Spacecraft: AS 7000. Agency: AT&T. Perigee: 35,781 km (22,233 mi). Apogee: 35,791 km (22,239 mi). Inclination: 0.00 deg. Period: 1,436.10 min. Direct TV for continental US. Stationed at 89.0 deg W. Positioned in geosynchronous orbit at 89 deg W in 1995-1999 As of 5 September 2001 located at 88.96 deg W drifting at 0.003 deg W per day. The Telstar 4 (former Telstar 402R) satellite suffered a power failure on September 19 2003 and was a total loss. It was part of AT&T's satellite fleet, later sold to Loral Skynet by 2003 in the process of being sold to Intelsat. As of 2007 Mar 10 located at 116.15W drifting at 0.086W degrees per day.

1995 October 19 - 00:38 GMT - Kourou ELA2. Ariane 42L-3 V79 Astra 1E Mass: 2,700 kg (5,900 lb). Spacecraft: HS 601. Agency: SES. Perigee: 35,774 km (22,228 mi). Apogee: 35,799 km (22,244 mi). Inclination: 0.00 deg. Period: 1,436.10 min. Western Europe digital TV; 18 Ku-band transponders. Stationed at 19.2 deg E. Positioned in geosynchronous orbit at 19 deg E in 1995-1999 As of 5 September 2001 located at 19.16 deg E drifting at 0.002 deg W per day. As of 2007 Mar 10 located at 19.18E drifting at 0.019W degrees per day.

1995 November 17 - 01:20 GMT - Kourou ELA2. Ariane 44P-3 V80 ISO Mass: 2,500 kg (5,500 lb). Spacecraft: ISO. Agency: ESA. Perigee: 1,110 km (680 mi). Apogee: 70,504 km (43,809 mi). Inclination: 5.10 deg. Period: 1,417.80 min. Infrared Space Observatory; IR astrophysics. As of 6 September 2001 located at 168.62 deg E drifting at 5.004 deg E per day. As of 2007 Mar 6 located at 167.18W drifting at 5.668E degrees per day.

1995 December 6 - 23:23 GMT - Kourou ELA2. Ariane 44L-3 V81 Telecom 2C Mass: 2,283 kg (5,033 lb). Spacecraft: Eurostar 2000. Agency: France T. Perigee: 35,777 km (22,230 mi). Apogee: 35,793 km (22,240 mi). Inclination: 0.10 deg. Period: 1,436.10 min. Stationed at 1.1 deg E. Positioned in geosynchronous orbit at 3 deg E in 1996-1999 As of 5 September 2001 located at 5.05 deg W drifting at 0.004 deg W per day. As of 2007 Mar 11 located at 3.02E drifting at 0.001E degrees per day.

1996 January 12 - 23:10 GMT - Kourou ELA2. Ariane 44L-3 V82 Panamsat 3R Mass: 2,900 kg (6,300 lb). Spacecraft: HS 601. Agency: Panamsat. Perigee: 35,779 km (22,231 mi). Apogee: 35,796 km (22,242 mi). Inclination: 0.00 deg. Period: 1,436.20 min. Geostationary at 43.0W. Positioned in geosynchronous orbit at 43 deg W in 1996-1999 As of 5 September 2001 located at 42.97 deg W drifting at 0.008 deg W per day. As of 2007 Mar 10 located at 42.99W drifting at 0.012W degrees per day.

1996 February 5 - 07:19 GMT - Kourou ELA2. Ariane 44P-3 V83 N-STAR b Mass: 3,400 kg (7,400 lb). Spacecraft: FS-1300. Agency: NTT. Perigee: 35,775 km (22,229 mi). Apogee: 35,801 km (22,245 mi). Inclination: 0.10 deg. Period: 1,436.20 min. Geostationary at 128.9E. Positioned in geosynchronous orbit at 136 deg E in 1996-1999 As of 1 September 2001 located at 136.01 deg E drifting at 0.012 deg W per day. As of 2007 Mar 9 located at 136.04E drifting at 0.012W degrees per day.

1996 March 14 - 07:11 GMT - Kourou ELA2. Ariane 44LP-3 V84 Intelsat 707 Mass: 4,175 kg (9,204 lb). Spacecraft: FS-1300. Agency: Intelsat. Perigee: 35,775 km (22,229 mi). Apogee: 35,798 km (22,243 mi). Inclination: 0.00 deg. Period: 1,436.10 min. GEO. 26 C-band, 14 K-band transponders. Geostationary at 0.9W. Positioned in geosynchronous orbit at 1 deg W in 1996-1999 As of 5 September 2001 located at 0.97 deg W drifting at 0.001 deg E per day. As of 2007 Mar 10 located at 53.03W drifting at 0.007W degrees per day.

1996 April 20 - 22:36 GMT - Kourou ELA2. Ariane 42P-3 V85 M-SAT 1 Spacecraft: HS 601. Agency: TMI. Perigee: 35,777 km (22,230 mi). Apogee: 35,794 km (22,241 mi). Inclination: 0.00 deg. Period: 1,436.10 min. Geostationary at 106.5W. Positioned in geosynchronous orbit at 106 deg W in 1996-1999 As of 3 September 2001 located at 106.55 deg W drifting at 0.004 deg W per day. As of 2007 Mar 11 located at 106.48W drifting at 0.004W degrees per day.

1996 May 16 - 01:56 GMT - Kourou ELA2. Ariane 44L-3 V86 Palapa C2 Spacecraft: HS 601. Agency: PSN. Perigee: 35,780 km (22,230 mi). Apogee: 35,790 km (22,230 mi). Inclination: 0.00 deg. Period: 1,436.20 min. 34 transponders; Geostationary at 113.0E. Positioned in geosynchronous orbit at 113 deg E in 1996-1999 As of 5 September 2001 located at 112.95 deg E drifting at 0.018 deg W per day. As of 2007 Mar 11 located at 112.97E drifting at 0.011W degrees per day.

1996 June 15 - 06:55 GMT - Kourou ELA2. Ariane 44P-3 V87 Intelsat 709 Spacecraft: FS-1300. Agency: Intelsat. Perigee: 35,779 km (22,231 mi). Apogee: 35,795 km (22,241 mi). Inclination: 0.00 deg. Period: 1,436.10 min. 36 transponders Geostationary at 50.0W. Positioned in geosynchronous orbit at 50 deg W in 1996-1999 As of 4 September 2001 located at 49.96 deg W drifting at 0.015 deg W per day. As of 2007 Mar 11 located at 85.17E drifting at 0.004W degrees per day.

1996 July 9 - 22:24 GMT - Kourou ELA2. Ariane 44L-3 V89 Arabsat 2A Mass: 2,100 kg (4,600 lb). Spacecraft: Spacebus 3000. Agency: Arabsat. Perigee: 35,781 km (22,233 mi). Apogee: 35,792 km (22,240 mi). Inclination: 0.00 deg. Period: 1,436.00 min. Geostationary at 26.0E. Positioned in geosynchronous orbit at 26 deg E in 1996-1999 As of 29 August 2001 located at 25.92 deg E drifting at 0.000 deg W per day. As of 2007 Mar 10 located at 166.53W drifting at 3.749W degrees per day.

1996 August 8 - 22:49 GMT - Kourou ELA2. Ariane 44L-3 V90 Italsat F2 Spacecraft: Italsat. Agency: ASI. Perigee: 35,771 km (22,227 mi). Apogee: 35,801 km (22,245 mi). Inclination: 0.00 deg. Period: 1,436.10 min. Positioned in geosynchronous orbit at 13 deg E in 1996-1998; 16 deg E in 1998-1999 As of 5 September 2001 located at 16.38 deg E drifting at 0.010 deg E per day. As of 2007 Mar 10 located at 94.10W drifting at 1.863E degrees per day.

1996 September 11 - 00:00 GMT - Kourou ELA2. Ariane 42P-3 V91 Echostar 2 Spacecraft: AS 7000. Agency: Echostar. Perigee: 35,778 km (22,231 mi). Apogee: 35,794 km (22,241 mi). Inclination: 0.10 deg. Period: 1,436.10 min. Geostationary at 119.0W. Positioned in geosynchronous orbit at 119 deg W in 1996-1999 As of 5 September 2001 located at 119.39 deg W drifting at 0.009 deg W per day. As of 2007 Mar 9 located at 147.94W drifting at 0.004E degrees per day.

1996 November 13 - 22:40 GMT - Kourou ELA2. Ariane 44L-3 V92 Arabsat 2B Spacecraft: Spacebus 3000. Agency: Arabsat. Perigee: 35,785 km (22,235 mi). Apogee: 35,788 km (22,237 mi). Inclination: 0.00 deg. Period: 1,436.10 min. Geostationary at 21.9E. Positioned in geosynchronous orbit at 30 deg E in 1997-1999 As of 4 September 2001 located at 30.46 deg E drifting at 0.009 deg E per day. As of 2007 Mar 10 located at 30.52E drifting at 0.005E degrees per day.

1997 January 30 - 22:04 GMT - Kourou ELA2. Ariane 44L-3 V93 GE 2 Spacecraft: AS 2100. Agency: GE Americom. Perigee: 35,772 km (22,227 mi). Apogee: 35,801 km (22,245 mi). Inclination: 0.00 deg. Period: 1,436.10 min. Geosynchronous. Stationed over 84.9W Positioned in geosynchronous orbit at 85 deg W in 1997-1999 As of 5 September 2001 located at 84.89 deg W drifting at 0.007 deg W per day. As of 2007 Mar 9 located at 85.05W drifting at 0.004W degrees per day.

1997 March 1 - 01:07 GMT - Kourou ELA2. Ariane 44P-3 V94 Intelsat 801 Spacecraft: AS 7000. Agency: Intelsat. Perigee: 35,772 km (22,227 mi). Apogee: 35,798 km (22,243 mi). Inclination: 0.10 deg. Period: 1,436.10 min. Geosynchronous. Stationed over 64.2E. The Intelsat 8 and 8A vehicles are the latest in the Intelsat satellite series. Spacecraft: 3-axis stabilised. Two large solar panels with 1-axis articulation. Payload: 38 C-Band and 6 Ku-Band transponders.22,000 telephone calls and 3 colour TV broadcasts simultaneously. Or up to 112,500 telephone circuits using digital circuit multiplication equipment (DCME). Two independently steerable Ku-band spot beams. Interconnected operation between C- and Ku-bands.
Financial/Operational:
Lockheed/General Electric contract October 16 1992 $ 165 million for 2 units- potential 5 units. Positioned in geosynchronous orbit at 47 deg E in 1997; 62 deg E in 1997; 64 deg E in 1997-1998; 31 deg W in 1998-1999 As of 5 September 2001 located at 31.47 deg W drifting at 0.013 deg W per day. As of 2007 Mar 5 located at 31.46W drifting at 0.006W degrees per day.

1997 April 16 - 23:08 GMT - Kourou ELA2. Ariane 44LP-3 V95 Thaicom 3 Spacecraft: Spacebus 3000. Agency: Shinawat. Perigee: 35,770 km (22,220 mi). Apogee: 35,803 km (22,246 mi). Inclination: 0.10 deg. Period: 1,436.10 min. Geosynchronous. Stationed over 78.5E Positioned in geosynchronous orbit at 78 deg E in 1997-1999 As of 3 September 2001 located at 78.53 deg E drifting at 0.008 deg W per day. As of 2007 Mar 10 located at 111.51W drifting at 5.525W degrees per day.

1997 June 3 - 23:20 GMT - Kourou ELA2. Ariane 44L-3 V97 Inmarsat 3 F4 Mass: 1,021 kg (2,250 lb). Spacecraft: AS 4000. Agency: Inmarsat. Perigee: 35,770 km (22,220 mi). Apogee: 35,805 km (22,248 mi). Inclination: 0.00 deg. Period: 1,436.10 min. Geosynchronous. Stationed over 54.0W Positioned in geosynchronous orbit at 54 deg W in 1997-1999 As of 5 September 2001 located at 53.97 deg W drifting at 0.004 deg W per day. As of 2007 Mar 10 located at 142.07W drifting at 0.000E degrees per day.

1997 June 25 - 23:44 GMT - Kourou ELA2. Ariane 44P-3 V96 Intelsat 802 Spacecraft: AS 7000. Agency: Intelsat. Perigee: 35,779 km (22,231 mi). Apogee: 35,792 km (22,240 mi). Inclination: 0.10 deg. Period: 1,436.10 min. Geosynchronous. Stationed over 174.1E Positioned in geosynchronous orbit at 174 deg E in 1997-2000; 177 deg E in 2000. As of 1 September 2001 located at 174.00 deg E drifting at 0.001 deg E per day. As of 2007 Mar 11 located at 32.91E drifting at 0.000W degrees per day.

1997 August 8 - 06:46 GMT - Kourou ELA2. Ariane 44P-3 V98 Panamsat 6 Spacecraft: FS-1300. Agency: Panamsat. Perigee: 35,778 km (22,231 mi). Apogee: 35,796 km (22,242 mi). Inclination: 0.10 deg. Period: 1,436.10 min. Positioned in geosynchronous orbit at 43 deg W in 1997-2002. As of 2004 Oct 17 located at 96.68W drifting at 1.977W degrees per day.

1997 September 2 - 22:21 GMT - Kourou ELA2. Ariane 44LP-3 V99 Hot Bird 3 Spacecraft: Eurostar 2000. Agency: Eutelsat. Perigee: 35,762 km (22,221 mi). Apogee: 35,806 km (22,248 mi). Inclination: 0.10 deg. Period: 1,436.00 min. Geosynchronous. Stationed over 13.3E Positioned in geosynchronous orbit at 13 deg E in 1997-1999 As of 3 September 2001 located at 12.96 deg E drifting at 0.012 deg E per day. As of 2007 Mar 11 located at 3.94E drifting at 0.003W degrees per day.

1997 September 23 - 23:58 GMT - Kourou ELA2. Ariane 42L-3 V100 Intelsat 803 Spacecraft: AS 7000. Agency: Intelsat. Perigee: 35,776 km (22,230 mi). Apogee: 35,795 km (22,241 mi). Inclination: 0.00 deg. Period: 1,436.10 min. Geosynchronous, 52 C-band and 12 Ku-band transponders. Stationed over 21 deg W in 1997-2001. Later assigned to Intelsat subsidiary New Skies, redesignated NSS 5, and moved to 183 deg E to connect North America with all major destinations in the Pacific Rim. As of 2007 Mar 7 located at 177.05W drifting at 0.001E degrees per day.

1997 November 12 - 21:48 GMT - Kourou ELA2. Ariane 44L-3 V102 Sirius 2 Spacecraft: