Ariane 2 V23 Media Gallery

As Ariane 1 but with increased thrust first and second stage engines, 25% stretched third stage, 4 sec specific impulse improvement in third stage, larger internal payload fairing volume, and introduction of Sylda payload carrier for dual payloads. Ariane 3 added two solid rocket motor strap-ons. Payload of basic Ariane 2 to geosynchronous transfer orbit was 2,175 kg. Development was authorised in July 1980 and had a total cost of 144 million 1986 Euros.

Manufacturer: Aerospatiale. Launches: 17. Failures: 2. Success Rate: 88.24%. First Launch Date: 1984-08-04. Last Launch Date: 1989-07-12. Launch data is: complete. Payload: 2,580 kg (5,680 lb). to a: Geosynchronous transfer, 7 deg inclination trajectory. Associated Spacecraft: AS 3000, ECS/OTS, Eurostar 2000, HS 376, Insat 1, Intelsat 5A, Olympus, Spacebus 100, Spacebus 300. Liftoff Thrust: 5,060.400 kN (1,137,623 lbf). Total Mass: 248,300 kg (547,400 lb). Core Diameter: 3.80 m (12.40 ft). Total Length: 52.00 m (170.00 ft). Launch Price $: 42.500 million. in: 1987 price dollars.

Basic 3 stage vehicle consisting of 1 x Ariane L144 + 1 x Ariane L33 + 1 x Ariane H10.

Payload: 2,175 kg (4,795 lb). to a: geosynchronous transfer orbit trajectory. Liftoff Thrust: 2,689.000 kN (604,511 lbf). Total Mass: 217,000 kg (478,000 lb). Core Diameter: 3.80 m (12.40 ft). Total Length: 49.00 m (160.00 ft).

4 stage vehicle consisting of 2 x PAP solid rocket boosters + Ariane 2 core.

Payload: 2,700 kg (5,900 lb). to a: geosynchronous transfer orbit trajectory. Liftoff Thrust: 4,021.000 kN (903,956 lbf). Total Mass: 237,000 kg (522,000 lb). Core Diameter: 3.80 m (12.40 ft). Total Length: 49.00 m (160.00 ft).

• Stage Number: 0. 4 x Stage: Ariane 3-0. Gross Mass: 9,663 kg (21,303 lb). Empty Mass: 2,313 kg (5,099 lb). Thrust (vac): 689.990 kN (155,116 lbf). Isp: 263 sec. Burn time: 29 sec. Isp(sl): 240 sec. Diameter: 1.07 m (3.51 ft). Span: 1.07 m (3.51 ft). Length: 8.32 m (27.29 ft). Propellants: Solid. No Engines: 1. Engine: SPB 7.35. Other designations: SPB 7.35.

• Stage Number: 1. 1 x Stage: Ariane 2-1. Gross Mass: 160,030 kg (352,800 lb). Empty Mass: 13,750 kg (30,310 lb). Thrust (vac): 2,879.997 kN (647,449 lbf). Isp: 281 sec. Burn time: 140 sec. Isp(sl): 248 sec. Diameter: 3.80 m (12.40 ft). Span: 8.30 m (27.20 ft). Length: 18.40 m (60.30 ft). Propellants: N2O4/UDMH. No Engines: 4. Engine: Viking 2B. Other designations: L-140B.

• Stage Number: 2. 1 x Stage: Ariane 2-2. Gross Mass: 37,130 kg (81,850 lb). Empty Mass: 3,625 kg (7,991 lb). Thrust (vac): 804.998 kN (180,971 lbf). Isp: 296 sec. Burn time: 125 sec. Isp(sl): 210 sec. Diameter: 2.60 m (8.50 ft). Span: 2.60 m (8.50 ft). Length: 11.50 m (37.70 ft). Propellants: N2O4/UDMH. No Engines: 1. Engine: Viking 4B. Other designations: L-33B.

• Stage Number: 3. 1 x Stage: Ariane 2-3. Gross Mass: 12,000 kg (26,000 lb). Empty Mass: 1,600 kg (3,500 lb). Thrust (vac): 62.703 kN (14,096 lbf). Isp: 446 sec. Burn time: 731 sec. Isp(sl): 0 sec. Diameter: 2.66 m (8.72 ft). Span: 2.66 m (8.72 ft). Length: 11.53 m (37.82 ft). Propellants: Lox/LH2. No Engines: 1. Engine: HM7-B. Other designations: H-10.

• Stage Number: 4. 1 x Stage: Mage 2. Gross Mass: 530 kg (1,160 lb). Empty Mass: 40 kg (88 lb). Thrust (vac): 45.483 kN (10,225 lbf). Isp: 293 sec. Burn time: 44 sec. Isp(sl): 0 sec. Diameter: 0.77 m (2.52 ft). Span: 0.77 m (2.52 ft). Length: 1.52 m (4.98 ft). Propellants: Solid. No Engines: 1. Engine: Mage 2.

1980 July - Launch Vehicle: Ariane 2/3.

• Development of Ariane 2/3 launch vehicle authorised. Nation: France. The upgrade to the Ariane 1 had a total cost of 144 million 1986 ECU's.

• Eutelsat 2 Nation: Europe. Program: Eutelsat. Payload: ECS 2. Mass: 700 kg (1,540 lb). Class: Communications. Spacecraft: ECS/OTS. Agency: Eutelsat. Perigee: 36,165 km (22,471 mi). Apogee: 36,248 km (22,523 mi). Inclination: 3.00 deg. Period: 1,457.60 min. COSPAR: 1984-081A. USAF Sat Cat: 15158. Completed Operations Date: 1993-11-09. Stationed at 7 deg E. Launch time 1333 UT. Geostationary orbit position 10 +/- 0.1; afterwards 7 +/- 0.1 deg E. EUTELSAT 2 is a regional geostationary satellite for European countries. Positioned in geosynchronous orbit at 10 deg E in 1984; 7 deg E in 1984-1990; 2 deg E in 1991; 1 deg E in 1992-1993 As of 5 September 2001 located at 62.27 deg W drifting at 5.317 deg W per day. As of 2007 Mar 9 located at 57.69E drifting at 5.323W degrees per day.References: 1, 2, 5, 6.

• Telecom 1A Nation: France. Program: Telecom. Mass: 690 kg (1,520 lb). Class: Communications. Spacecraft: ECS/OTS. Agency: France T. Perigee: 36,179 km (22,480 mi). Apogee: 36,459 km (22,654 mi). Inclination: 8.50 deg. Period: 1,463.40 min. COSPAR: 1984-081B. USAF Sat Cat: 15159. Completed Operations Date: 1992-09-13. Stationed at 8 deg W. Communications satellite. Registration France 1984-2.B (Telecom 1A) 1985-2.B (Telecom 1B). 1988-1-C (Telecom 1C). Positioned in geosynchronous orbit at 8 deg W in 1984-1992 As of 4 September 2001 located at 142.83 deg W drifting at 6.735 deg W per day. As of 2007 Mar 10 located at 11.08W drifting at 6.728W degrees per day.References: 1, 2, 5, 6.

• Spacenet F2 Nation: USA. Program: GTE. Mass: 705 kg (1,554 lb). Class: Communications. Spacecraft: AS 3000. Agency: GTE. Manufacturer: Lockheed Martin. Perigee: 35,904 km (22,309 mi). Apogee: 35,962 km (22,345 mi). Inclination: 4.20 deg. Period: 1,443.60 min. COSPAR: 1984-114A. USAF Sat Cat: 15385. Completed Operations Date: 1998-06-02. Stationed at 68 deg W. C, Ku band communications satellite. Positioned in geosynchronous orbit at 69 deg W in 1984-1997; 115 deg E in 1997-1998 As of 5 September 2001 located at 65.20 deg E drifting at 1.887 deg W per day. As of 2007 Mar 9 located at 64.76W drifting at 1.866W degrees per day.References: 1, 2, 5, 6.

• MARECS 2 Nation: Europe. Program: MARECS. Payload: MARECS B2. Mass: 563 kg (1,241 lb). Class: Communications. Spacecraft: ECS/OTS. Agency: ESA. Perigee: 36,556 km (22,714 mi). Apogee: 37,544 km (23,328 mi). Inclination: 9.90 deg. Period: 1,501.10 min. COSPAR: 1984-114B. USAF Sat Cat: 15386. Stationed at 177.5 deg E; maritime communications; leased by Inmarsat. Geostationary position 177.5 deg E. MARECS PAC 1 is a geostationary maritime mobile communication satellite which will form part of the INMARSAT world-wide maritime communication satellite network. 1985 Jul 1. Move to a new position. Old position: 177.5E. New position: 345 deg E. Positioned in geosynchronous orbit at 177 deg E in 1984-1986; 26 deg W in 1986-1990; 55 deg W in 1990-1992; 15 deg W in 1992-1997; 26 deg W in 1997-on. As of 4 September 2001 located at 25.98 deg W drifting at 0.006 deg E per day. As of 2007 Mar 8 located at 105.63W drifting at 15.647W degrees per day.References: 1, 2, 5, 6.

• Arabsat 1A Nation: Arab States. Program: Arabsat. Mass: 532 kg (1,172 lb). Class: Communications. Spacecraft: Spacebus 100. Agency: Arabsat. Perigee: 35,724 km (22,197 mi). Apogee: 35,753 km (22,215 mi). Inclination: 8.20 deg. Period: 1,433.70 min. COSPAR: 1985-015A. USAF Sat Cat: 15560. Completed Operations Date: 1992-07-31. Stationed at 19 deg E. Positioned in geosynchronous orbit at 19 deg E in 1985-1991 As of 27 August 2001 located at 76.76 deg E drifting at 0.635 deg E per day. As of 2007 Feb 28 located at 87.85E drifting at 0.629E degrees per day. References: 1, 2, 5, 6.

• Brasilsat A1 Nation: Brazil. Program: Brasilsat. Mass: 671 kg (1,479 lb). Class: Communications. Spacecraft: HS 376. Agency: Telebras. Perigee: 35,983 km (22,358 mi). Apogee: 35,999 km (22,368 mi). Inclination: 5.90 deg. Period: 1,446.60 min. COSPAR: 1985-015B. USAF Sat Cat: 15561. Stationed at 65 deg W. Brazilsat 1 & 2 provide telecommunications services to Brazil. Canada's Spar Aerospace was awarded a $125 million contract to build, under license, two satellites based on Hughes' HS-376 design (similar to Anik D). Brazilsat 1 & 2 were the first two elements of Brazil's national Sistema Barasilero de Telecommunicacoes por Satelite (SBTS) network. Spacecraft: Based on Hughes HS-376, single antenna on despun platform, spin stabilised, hydrazine thrusters, body mounted solar cells provide 982 W BOL. Payload: 24 C-band transponders with 6 spares, 10 W TWTA, EIRP >34 dBW over most of Brazilian territory
  Financial/Operational:
  Contract issued in 1990 for 2 units HS-376W. B1-B2 have dedicated transponders for government use. Positioned in geosynchronous orbit at 65 deg W in 1985-1994; 63 deg W in 1994-1996; 79 deg W in 1996-1998; 144 deg W in 1998-1999 As of 5 September 2001 located at 143.96 deg W drifting at 0.005 deg E per day. As of 2007 Mar 9 located at 145.69E drifting at 2.591W degrees per day.References: 1, 2, 5, 6.

• GStar 1 Nation: USA. Program: GTE. Mass: 705 kg (1,554 lb). Class: Communications. Spacecraft: AS 3000. Agency: GTE. Manufacturer: Lockheed Martin. Perigee: 35,783 km (22,234 mi). Apogee: 35,791 km (22,239 mi). Inclination: 0.10 deg. Period: 1,436.10 min. COSPAR: 1985-035A. USAF Sat Cat: 15677. Completed Operations Date: 1997-01-01. Stationed at 103 deg W. Ku band communications satellite. Positioned in geosynchronous orbit at 103 deg W in 1985-1996; 105 deg W in 1997-1999 As of 5 September 2001 located at 105.33 deg W drifting at 0.011 deg W per day. As of 2007 Mar 9 located at 105.07W drifting at 0.006W degrees per day.References: 1, 2, 5, 6.

• Telecom 1B Nation: France. Program: Telecom. Mass: 690 kg (1,520 lb). Class: Communications. Spacecraft: ECS/OTS. Agency: France T. Perigee: 35,764 km (22,222 mi). Apogee: 35,784 km (22,235 mi). Inclination: 5.40 deg. Period: 1,435.50 min. COSPAR: 1985-035B. USAF Sat Cat: 15678. Completed Operations Date: 1988-01-01. Stationed at 5 deg W; business communications. Communications satellite. Registration France 1984-2.B (Telecom 1A) 1985-2.B (Telecom 1B). 1988-1-C (Telecom 1C). Positioned in geosynchronous orbit at 5 deg W in 1985-1988 As of 3 September 2001 located at 4.82 deg E drifting at 0.111 deg E per day. As of 2007 Mar 9 located at 86.72E drifting at 0.424E degrees per day.References: 1, 2, 5, 6.

• Eutelsat 3 Nation: France. Program: Eutelsat. Payload: ECS 3. Class: Communications. Spacecraft: ECS/OTS. Agency: Eutelsat. Manufacturer: Lockheed Martin. COSPAR: F850912A. Launched with Spacenet F3. References: 5.

• Spacenet F3 Nation: USA. Program: GTE. Mass: 600 kg (1,320 lb). Class: Communications. Spacecraft: AS 3000. Agency: Arianespace. COSPAR: F850912B. References: 279.

• GStar 2 Nation: USA. Program: GTE. Payload: SBTS-2. Mass: 1,140 kg (2,510 lb). Class: Communications. Spacecraft: AS 3000. Agency: GTE. Manufacturer: Lockheed Martin. Perigee: 35,902 km (22,308 mi). Apogee: 35,943 km (22,333 mi). Inclination: 5.60 deg. Period: 1,443.10 min. COSPAR: 1986-026A. USAF Sat Cat: 16649. Completed Operations Date: 1997-08-20. Ku band communications satellite. Stationed at 70 degrees W. Positioned in geosynchronous orbit at 105 deg W in 1986-1992; 125 deg W in 1992-1997 As of 5 September 2001 located at 148.11 deg W drifting at 1.728 deg W per day. As of 2007 Mar 10 located at 2.39W drifting at 1.699W degrees per day.References: 1, 2, 5, 6.

• Brasilsat A2 Nation: Brazil. Program: Brasilsat. Mass: 1,243 kg (2,740 lb). Class: Communications. Spacecraft: HS 376. Agency: Telebras. Manufacturer: Hughes Space and Communications, El Segundo. Perigee: 35,781 km (22,233 mi). Apogee: 35,793 km (22,240 mi). Inclination: 4.60 deg. Period: 1,436.10 min. COSPAR: 1986-026B. USAF Sat Cat: 16650. Stationed at 105 deg W. Brazilsat 1 & 2 provide telecommunications services to Brazil. Canada's Spar Aerospace was awarded a $125 million contract to build, under license, two satellites based on Hughes' HS-376 design (similar to Anik D). Brazilsat 1 & 2 were the first two elements of Brazil's national Sistema Barasilero de Telecommunicacoes por Satelite (SBTS) network. Spacecraft: Based on Hughes HS-376, single antenna on despun platform, spin stabilised, hydrazine thrusters, body mounted solar cells provide 982 W BOL. Payload: 24 C-band transponders with 6 spares, 10 W TWTA, EIRP >34 dBW over most of Brazilian territory
  Financial/Operational:
  Contract issued in 1990 for 2 units HS-376W. B1-B2 have dedicated transponders for government use. Positioned in geosynchronous orbit at 70 deg W in 1986-1995; 92 deg W in 1995-1999 As of 4 September 2001 located at 62.91 deg W drifting at 0.007 deg W per day. As of 2007 Mar 7 located at 32.58W drifting at 2.263W degrees per day.References: 1, 2, 5, 6.

• Intelsat-5A 14 Nation: International. Program: Intelsat. Class: Communications. Spacecraft: Intelsat 5A. Agency: NOAA. COSPAR: F860531A. Decay Date: 1986-05-03. Targeted for geosynch orbit. References: 5.

• Aussat A3 Nation: Australia. Program: Aussat. Payload: Aussat K3. Mass: 1,195 kg (2,634 lb). Class: Communications. Spacecraft: HS 376. Agency: Aussat. Perigee: 35,781 km (22,233 mi). Apogee: 35,794 km (22,241 mi). Inclination: 0.00 deg. Period: 1,436.20 min. COSPAR: 1987-078A. USAF Sat Cat: 18350. Australian domestic communications; 164 deg E. Communication satellite. Launching states: Australia and France. Longitude 164 deg E +/- 0.5. (orbit given is geocentric 42164 km, which corresponds to altitude 35787 km). The satellite mass was 655 kg at beginning of life for an Ariane mission only on-station after the apogee motor had fired and station acquisition fuel was expended. Positioned in geosynchronous orbit at 164 deg E in 1987-1993; 156 deg E in 1993-1995; 152 deg E in 1995-1999 As of 4 September 2001 located at 163.96 deg E drifting at 0.005 deg W per day. As of 2007 Mar 10 located at 31.52E drifting at 0.011E degrees per day.References: 1, 2, 5, 6.

• Eutelsat I F4 Nation: Europe. Program: Eutelsat. Payload: ECS 4. Mass: 1,175 kg (2,590 lb). Class: Communications. Spacecraft: ECS/OTS. Agency: Eutelsat. Perigee: 35,760 km (22,220 mi). Apogee: 35,813 km (22,253 mi). Inclination: 6.70 deg. Period: 1,436.10 min. COSPAR: 1987-078B. USAF Sat Cat: 18351. European communications; 10 deg E. Positioned in geosynchronous orbit at 10 deg E in 1987-1988; 13 deg E in 1989-1991; 7 deg E in 1991-1993; 25 deg E in 1993-1999 As of 2 September 2001 located at 33.14 deg E drifting at 0.002 deg E per day. As of 2007 Mar 11 located at 120.92E drifting at 5.702W degrees per day.References: 1, 2, 5, 6.

• TVSAT 1 Nation: Germany. Program: TVSAT. Payload: TV-Sat 1. Mass: 2,077 kg (4,579 lb). Class: Communications. Spacecraft: Spacebus 300. Agency: Bundespo. Perigee: 36,066 km (22,410 mi). Apogee: 36,151 km (22,463 mi). Inclination: 4.30 deg. Period: 1,452.60 min. COSPAR: 1987-095A. USAF Sat Cat: 18570. Completed Operations Date: 1989-02-01. West German communications; solar panel failed to deploy making spacecraft unusable. Because of a malfunction of the solar generator, the satellite is being used only for technical tests. Geostationary position 19 W. Launch by Ariane-2 flight no. 20. Due to a malfunction of the solar generator, TV-SAT 1 was taken out of commission and sen t to a so-called parking orbit beyond the geostationary orbit. Semi-major axis 42485.605 km. Eccentricity 0.00116. Inc 0.716, Arg of perigee 216.66, RA 76.77, Mean anomaly 47.1 Mean drift -4.071 deg/day, E long 350.617, latitude -0.713. Positioned in geosynchronous orbit at 18 deg W in 1988 As of 5 September 2001 located at 76.53 deg W drifting at 4.886 deg W per day. As of 2007 Mar 11 located at 169.62W drifting at 4.874W degrees per day.References: 1, 2, 5, 6.

• Spacenet F3R Nation: USA. Program: GTE. Payload: Spacenet 3R. Mass: 1,212 kg (2,672 lb). Class: Communications. Spacecraft: AS 3000. Agency: France T. Manufacturer: Lockheed Martin. Perigee: 35,935 km (22,328 mi). Apogee: 35,980 km (22,350 mi). Inclination: 2.40 deg. Period: 1,444.90 min. COSPAR: 1988-018A. USAF Sat Cat: 18951. Completed Operations Date: 1999-12-01. US domestic communications; 87 deg W. C, Ku band communications satellite. Positioned in geosynchronous orbit at 87 deg W in 1988-1997; 83 deg W in 1997-1999 As of 2 September 2001 located at 107.85 deg W drifting at 2.220 deg W per day. As of 2007 Mar 9 located at 153.60E drifting at 2.179W degrees per day.References: 1, 2, 5, 6.

• Telecom 1C Nation: France. Program: Telecom. Mass: 1,210 kg (2,660 lb). Class: Communications. Spacecraft: Eurostar 2000. Agency: GTE. Manufacturer: Matra Marconi Space-France, Toulouse. Perigee: 36,037 km (22,392 mi). Apogee: 36,860 km (22,900 mi). Inclination: 5.50 deg. Period: 1,470.10 min. COSPAR: 1988-018B. USAF Sat Cat: 18952. Completed Operations Date: 1996-03-22. French domestic communications; 5 deg E. Communications satellite. Registration France 1984-2.B (Telecom 1A) 1985-2.B (Telecom 1B). 1988-1-C (Telecom 1C). Positioned in geosynchronous orbit at 5 deg W in 1988-1992; 3 deg E in 1992-1996 As of 5 September 2001 located at 109.19 deg W drifting at 8.404 deg W per day. As of 2007 Mar 10 located at 34.65E drifting at 8.341W degrees per day.References: 1, 2, 5, 6.

• Intelsat 5A F-13 Nation: International. Program: Intelsat. Mass: 2,013 kg (4,437 lb). Class: Communications. Spacecraft: Intelsat 5A. Agency: Intelsat. Perigee: 35,776 km (22,230 mi). Apogee: 35,800 km (22,200 mi). Inclination: 0.10 deg. Period: 1,436.20 min. COSPAR: 1988-040A. USAF Sat Cat: 19121. Replaced Intelsat 5 F-3; 53 deg W. Positioned in geosynchronous orbit at 53 deg W in 1988-1995; 177 deg W in 1995-1999 As of 5 September 2001 located at 177.08 deg W drifting at 0.009 deg W per day. As of 2007 Mar 8 located at 44.56W drifting at 6.109W degrees per day.References: 1, 2, 5, 6.

• Insat-1C; Insat 1C Nation: India. Program: Insat. Payload: Insat 1C. Mass: 1,190 kg (2,620 lb). Class: Communications. Spacecraft: Insat 1. Agency: ISRO. Perigee: 35,755 km (22,217 mi). Apogee: 35,814 km (22,253 mi). Inclination: 9.00 deg. Period: 1,436.00 min. COSPAR: 1988-063A. USAF Sat Cat: 19330. Completed Operations Date: 1989-12-01. Stationed at 93.5 deg E; also performed communications tasks. Operational multipurpose satellite for telecommunications, meteorological imaging and data relay, radio and television programme distribution and direct television broadcasting for community reception. Geosynchronous orbit longitude 93.5 +/- 0.1 deg east. Launch vehicle Ariane 3 launch vehicle of Arianespace, 24th flight of Ariane and 9th flight of the Ariane 3 version. Positioned in geosynchronous orbit at 93 deg E in 1988-1989 As of 4 September 2001 located at 58.51 deg E drifting at 0.073 deg E per day. As of 2007 Mar 11 located at 80.89E drifting at 0.154W degrees per day.References: 1, 2, 5, 6.

• Eutelsat I F5 Nation: Europe. Program: Eutelsat. Payload: ECS 5. Mass: 1,185 kg (2,612 lb). Class: Communications. Spacecraft: ECS/OTS. Agency: Eutelsat. Perigee: 36,321 km (22,568 mi). Apogee: 36,456 km (22,652 mi). Inclination: 6.10 deg. Period: 1,466.90 min. COSPAR: 1988-063B. USAF Sat Cat: 19331. Completed Operations Date: 2000-07-01. European communications; 13 deg E. ECS-5/Eutelsat I F5 is a regional geostationary telecommunications satellite for European countries. It is operated by the EUTELSAT organization. Frequency plan 136-138 MHz (S-E), 148-149.9 MHz (E-S), 10.7-11.7 GHz (S-E), 14.0-14.5 GHz (E-S). Launch time 2334:00 UT. ESA designator ESA/88/03. Positioned in geosynchronous orbit at 10 deg E in 1989-1991; 21 deg E in 1991-1998; 12 deg W in 1998-1999 As of 4 September 2001 located at 48.15 deg E drifting at 7.596 deg W per day. As of 2007 Mar 9 located at 102.26W drifting at 7.597W degrees per day.References: 1, 2, 5, 6.

• GStar 3 Nation: USA. Program: GTE. Mass: 1,270 kg (2,790 lb). Class: Communications. Spacecraft: AS 3000. Agency: GTE. Manufacturer: Lockheed Martin. Perigee: 35,769 km (22,225 mi). Apogee: 35,806 km (22,248 mi). Inclination: 5.30 deg. Period: 1,436.20 min. COSPAR: 1988-081A. USAF Sat Cat: 19483. Completed Operations Date: 1998-01-01. AKM malfunctioned, but orbit achieved using on-board propulsion system. Ku band communications satellite. Positioned in geosynchronous orbit at 93 deg W in 1989-1996; 105 deg W in 1996-1999 As of 5 September 2001 located at 105.39 deg W drifting at 0.005 deg W per day. As of 2007 Mar 9 located at 105.31W drifting at 0.004W degrees per day.References: 1, 2, 5, 6.

• SBS 5 Nation: USA. Program: SBS. Mass: 1,241 kg (2,735 lb). Class: Communications. Spacecraft: HS 376. Agency: IBM STLC. Perigee: 35,909 km (22,312 mi). Apogee: 35,937 km (22,330 mi). Inclination: 2.00 deg. Period: 1,443.10 min. COSPAR: 1988-081B. USAF Sat Cat: 19484. Completed Operations Date: 2000-03-13. Stationed at 122 deg W. Positioned in geosynchronous orbit at 123 deg W in 1988-2000 As of 5 September 2001 located at 22.98 deg E drifting at 1.728 deg W per day. As of 2007 Mar 9 located at 147.52E drifting at 1.709W degrees per day. References: 1, 2, 5, 6.

• TDF-1 Nation: France. Program: TDF. Payload: TDF 1. Mass: 2,136 kg (4,709 lb). Class: Communications. Spacecraft: Spacebus 300. Agency: France T. Perigee: 36,051 km (22,401 mi). Apogee: 36,129 km (22,449 mi). Inclination: 4.80 deg. Period: 1,451.60 min. COSPAR: 1988-098A. USAF Sat Cat: 19621. Completed Operations Date: 1996-10-04. French DBS; 19 deg W. Direct broadcasting satellite. French registration: TDF-1, 1988-5-B. Positioned in geosynchronous orbit at 19 deg W in 1988-1996 As of 1 September 2001 located at 139.53 deg W drifting at 3.885 deg W per day. As of 2007 Mar 5 located at 16.35W drifting at 3.870W degrees per day.References: 1, 2, 5, 6.

• Intelsat 5A F-15 Nation: International. Program: Intelsat. Mass: 1,977 kg (4,358 lb). Class: Communications. Spacecraft: Intelsat 5A. Agency: Intelsat. Perigee: 35,773 km (22,228 mi). Apogee: 35,801 km (22,245 mi). Inclination: 0.00 deg. Period: 1,436.20 min. COSPAR: 1989-006A. USAF Sat Cat: 19772. International communications; 18 deg W. Positioned in geosynchronous orbit at 60 deg E in 1989-1992; 18 deg W in 1992-1996; 22 deg W in 1996-1997; 38 deg W in 1998-1999 As of 5 September 2001 located at 37.72 deg W drifting at 0.020 deg W per day. As of 2007 Mar 9 located at 153.76E drifting at 4.192W degrees per day.References: 1, 2, 5, 6.

• TELE-X Nation: Sweden. Program: TELE. Payload: Tele X. Mass: 2,142 kg (4,722 lb). Class: Communications. Spacecraft: Spacebus 300. Agency: NSAB. Perigee: 36,061 km (22,407 mi). Apogee: 36,128 km (22,448 mi). Inclination: 4.30 deg. Period: 1,451.80 min. COSPAR: 1989-027A. USAF Sat Cat: 19919. Completed Operations Date: 1998-01-13. TV, business communications for Nordic countries; 5 deg E. High power telecommunications satellite with a dual mission; direct TV broadcasting and data communications. Four active transponders with two redundant; power output 200 W per transponder. Coverage area - East Nordic coverage zone as defined by ITU (WARC -77). Mission period estimated to be 6 to 8 years. Position 5 deg E. Positioned in geosynchronous orbit at 5 deg E in 1989-1998 As of 28 August 2001 located at 138.62 deg W drifting at 3.929 deg W per day. As of 2007 Mar 10 located at 132.37W drifting at 3.933W degrees per day.References: 1, 2, 5, 6.

• Olympus-1 Nation: Europe. Payload: Olympus F1. Mass: 2,595 kg (5,720 lb). Class: Technology. Type: Comsat. Spacecraft: Olympus. Agency: ESA. Perigee: 35,758 km (22,218 mi). Apogee: 35,817 km (22,255 mi). Inclination: 1.20 deg. Period: 1,436.20 min. COSPAR: 1989-053A. USAF Sat Cat: 20122. Completed Operations Date: 1993-08-23. Commsat technology demonstration;19 deg W. Olympus-1 is a multi-payload communications satellite for direct TV broadcast in the bands of the 1977 Geneva Plan of the International Telecommunications Union (ITU) (including a national beam to Italy) plus communication transponde rs in the 14/12 GHz, 2nd 30/20 GHz bands. The latter are also used for a data relay experiment with ESA's EURECA satellite. Position on geostationary orbit 341 deg E. Launch time 0014:00 UT. Positioned in geosynchronous orbit at 19 deg W in 1989-1991; 19 deg W in 1991-1993 As of 4 September 2001 located at 82.22 deg E drifting at 3.961 deg E per day. As of 2007 Mar 10 located at 118.63E drifting at 3.947E degrees per day.References: 1, 2, 5, 6.

• McDowell, Jonathan, Jonathan's Space Home Page, Harvard University, 1997-present. Jonathan McDowell's complete on-line listing of all objects orbited and over 20,000 rocket launches Accessed at: http://www.planet4589.org/jsr.html.

• Isakowitz, Steven J,, International Reference to Space Launch Systems Second Edition, AIAA, Washington DC, 1991 (succeeded by 2000 edition). ISBN: 1563473534. Superseded by the later editions. More at amazon.com...

• Wilson, Andrew, editor,, Jane's/Interavia Space Directory, Jane's Information Group, Coulsdon, Surrey, 1992 et al. ISBN: 0710618107. The most comprehensive source of information for current space projects. Too expensive for human beings and most libraries. More at amazon.com...