Ariane 40 V44

As Ariane 2/3 with stretched first (61%) and third stages, strengthened structure, new propulsion bay layout, new avionics, Spelda dual-payload carrier. The basic 40 version uses no strap-on motors (see Ariane 42L, 44L, 42P, 44P, 44LP for figures on varous combinations of solid and liquid propellant strap-on motors). A fully fueled Ariane core cannot lift off the ground without strap-on liquid or solid motors. When Ariane 4 is launched in this configuration, the propellant tanks of the first and second stages are not completely filled. Development was authorised in January 1982, with the objective of increasing payload by 90%. Total development cost 476 million 1986 ECU's.

Manufacturer: Aerospatiale. Launches: 7. Success Rate: 100.00%. First Launch Date: 1990-01-22. Last Launch Date: 1999-12-03. Launch data is: complete. LEO Payload: 5,000 kg (11,000 lb). to: 200 km Orbit. at: 5.20 degrees. Payload: 2,175 kg (4,795 lb). to a: Geosynchronous transfer, 7 deg inclination trajectory. Associated Spacecraft: Enhanced Microsat SSTL, ERS 1-2, Helios 1A-1B, LBSAT, Microsat SSTL, Orbcomm, Oscar, SARA, SPOT-1-2-3, SPOT-4, STELLA, Tubsat, Multi-Role Recovery Capsule. Liftoff Thrust: 2,706.700 kN (608,490 lbf). Total Mass: 240,000 kg (520,000 lb). Core Diameter: 3.80 m (12.40 ft). Total Length: 58.40 m (191.60 ft). Launch Price $: 85.000 million. in: 2000 price dollars.

3 stage core vehicle with original Ariane H10 upper stage.

LEO Payload: 2,700 kg (5,900 lb). Payload: 1,900 kg (4,100 lb). to a: geosynchronous transfer orbit trajectory. Liftoff Thrust: 2,708.000 kN (608,782 lbf). Total Mass: 243,000 kg (535,000 lb). Core Diameter: 3.80 m (12.40 ft). Total Length: 58.40 m (191.60 ft).

3 stage core vehicle with Ariane H10+ upper stage.

LEO Payload: 2,740 kg (6,040 lb). Apogee: 1,000 km (600 mi). Liftoff Thrust: 2,718.000 kN (611,030 lbf). Total Mass: 245,000 kg (540,000 lb). Core Diameter: 3.80 m (12.40 ft). Total Length: 58.40 m (191.60 ft).

3 stage core vehicle with Ariane Ariane H10-3 upper stage.

LEO Payload: 2,740 kg (6,040 lb). Apogee: 1,000 km (600 mi). Liftoff Thrust: 2,718.000 kN (611,030 lbf). Total Mass: 245,000 kg (540,000 lb). Core Diameter: 3.80 m (12.40 ft). Total Length: 58.40 m (191.60 ft).

• Stage Number: 1. 1 x Stage: Ariane 4-1. Gross Mass: 245,900 kg (542,100 lb). Empty Mass: 17,900 kg (39,400 lb). Thrust (vac): 3,034.100 kN (682,093 lbf). Isp: 278 sec. Burn time: 205 sec. Isp(sl): 248 sec. Diameter: 3.80 m (12.40 ft). Span: 8.30 m (27.20 ft). Length: 23.60 m (77.40 ft). Propellants: N2O4/UDMH. No Engines: 4. Engine: Viking 2B. Other designations: L-220.

• Stage Number: 2. 1 x Stage: Ariane 2-2. Gross Mass: 37,130 kg (81,850 lb). Empty Mass: 3,625 kg (7,991 lb). Thrust (vac): 804.998 kN (180,971 lbf). Isp: 296 sec. Burn time: 125 sec. Isp(sl): 210 sec. Diameter: 2.60 m (8.50 ft). Span: 2.60 m (8.50 ft). Length: 11.50 m (37.70 ft). Propellants: N2O4/UDMH. No Engines: 1. Engine: Viking 4B. Other designations: L-33B.

• Stage Number: 3. 1 x Stage: Ariane 4-3. Gross Mass: 12,310 kg (27,130 lb). Empty Mass: 1,570 kg (3,460 lb). Thrust (vac): 62.703 kN (14,096 lbf). Isp: 446 sec. Burn time: 759 sec. Isp(sl): 0 sec. Diameter: 2.66 m (8.72 ft). Span: 2.66 m (8.72 ft). Length: 11.85 m (38.87 ft). Propellants: Lox/LH2. No Engines: 1. Engine: HM7-B. Other designations: H-10-3.

1982 January - Launch Vehicle: Ariane 4.

• Development of Ariane 4 launch vehicle authorised. Nation: France. The objective of was an increase in payload of 90%. Total development cost 476 million 1986 ECU's.

• SPOT 2 Nation: France. Program: SPOT. Mass: 1,870 kg (4,120 lb). Class: Earth. Type: Landsat. Spacecraft: SPOT-1-2-3. Agency: CNES. Perigee: 825 km (512 mi). Apogee: 826 km (513 mi). Inclination: 98.70 deg. Period: 101.40 min. COSPAR: 1990-005A. USAF Sat Cat: 20436. Remote sensing. Earth observation satellite. Registration 1990-1-B. References: 1, 2, 5, 6.

• Oscar 14 Nation: UK. Program: Oscar. Payload: UoSAT 3. Mass: 46 kg (101 lb). Class: Communications. Type: Amateur Radio. Spacecraft: Microsat SSTL. Agency: SSTL. Manufacturer: Surrey. Perigee: 781 km (485 mi). Apogee: 797 km (495 mi). Inclination: 98.60 deg. Period: 100.70 min. COSPAR: 1990-005B. USAF Sat Cat: 20437. University of Surrey experimental satellite. The first of Surrey Satellite Technology Ltd's modular microsatellites. Launched on the Ariane ASAP; carried an operational store and forward communications payload with extensive radiation monitoring experiments for SatelLife and Data Trax Inc (USA). Still operational in 2000. Owner/operator University of Surrey, Dept of Electronic and Electrical Engineering, Guildford, Surrey GU2 5XH.References: 1, 2, 5, 6.

• Oscar 15 Nation: UK. Program: Oscar. Payload: UoSAT 4. Mass: 48 kg (105 lb). Class: Communications. Type: Amateur Radio. Spacecraft: MicroSat-70. Agency: SSTL. Manufacturer: Surrey. Perigee: 784 km (487 mi). Apogee: 798 km (495 mi). Inclination: 98.60 deg. Period: 100.70 min. COSPAR: 1990-005C. USAF Sat Cat: 20438. Technology demonstration mission carrying transponder, solar cell, CCD camera technology experiments. Customer: University of Surrey/European Space Agency. Launched alongside UoSAT-3, the microsatellite operated perfectly for 2 days before a failure occured in the downlink. Owner/operator University of Surrey, Dept of Electronic and Electrical Engineering, Guildford, Surrey GU2 5XH. Box shaped 350 x 350 x 650 mm. Four solar panels and 6 m gravity gradient boom.References: 1, 2, 5, 6.

• Oscar 16 Nation: USA. Program: Oscar. Payload: PACSAT. Mass: 12 kg (26 lb). Class: Communications. Type: Amateur Radio. Spacecraft: Oscar. Perigee: 781 km (485 mi). Apogee: 797 km (495 mi). Inclination: 98.60 deg. Period: 100.60 min. COSPAR: 1990-005D. USAF Sat Cat: 20439. Spacecraft engaged in research and exploration of the upper atmosphere or outer space (US Cat B). References: 1, 2, 5, 6.

• Oscar 17 Nation: Brazil. Program: Oscar. Payload: Microsat 2. Mass: 12 kg (26 lb). Class: Communications. Type: Amateur Radio. Spacecraft: Oscar. Perigee: 780 km (480 mi). Apogee: 796 km (494 mi). Inclination: 98.60 deg. Period: 100.60 min. COSPAR: 1990-005E. USAF Sat Cat: 20440. References: 1, 2, 5, 6.

• Oscar 18 Nation: USA. Program: Oscar. Payload: Webersat. Mass: 12 kg (26 lb). Class: Communications. Type: Amateur Radio. Spacecraft: Oscar. Agency: Weber CA. Perigee: 780 km (480 mi). Apogee: 797 km (495 mi). Inclination: 98.60 deg. Period: 100.60 min. COSPAR: 1990-005F. USAF Sat Cat: 20441. Carried Earth imaging camera. Spacecraft engaged in research and exploration of the upper atmosphere or outer space (US Cat B). References: 1, 2, 5, 6.

• Oscar 19 Nation: Argentina. Program: Oscar. Payload: LuSat. Mass: 12 kg (26 lb). Class: Communications. Type: Amateur Radio. Spacecraft: Oscar. Agency: Arianespace. Perigee: 779 km (484 mi). Apogee: 797 km (495 mi). Inclination: 98.60 deg. Period: 100.60 min. COSPAR: 1990-005G. USAF Sat Cat: 20442. Carried CCD camera. References: 1, 2, 5, 6.

• ERS 1 Nation: Europe. Mass: 2,384 kg (5,255 lb). Class: Earth. Type: Radarsat. Spacecraft: ERS 1-2. Agency: ESA. Perigee: 774 km (480 mi). Apogee: 775 km (481 mi). Inclination: 98.50 deg. Period: 100.30 min. COSPAR: 1991-050A. USAF Sat Cat: 21574. Microwave, IR imaging of oceans, ice and land; SAR. ERS-1 was an Earth exploration satellite, using active and passive sensors for oceanography etc. Frequency plan: 2048.85/2225 MHz (TTC), 7225.2960/8489 MHz (PRARE), 8040, 8140 MHz (data transmission). Launch time 0146:31 UT. Designator ESA/91/02.References: 1, 2, 5, 6.

• Oscar 22 Nation: UK. Program: Oscar. Payload: UoSAT 5. Mass: 50 kg (110 lb). Class: Communications. Type: Amateur Radio. Spacecraft: MicroSat-70. Agency: TUB. Manufacturer: Surrey. Perigee: 759 km (471 mi). Apogee: 772 km (479 mi). Inclination: 98.50 deg. Period: 100.20 min. COSPAR: 1991-050B. USAF Sat Cat: 21575. Customer: SateLife. Carried store and forward communications and Earth observation payloads, replacing those lost on UoSAT-4. Still operational in 2000. References: 1, 2, 5, 6.

• Orbcomm-X Nation: USA. Program: Orbcomm. Payload: ERS 1 Orbcomm X. Mass: 22 kg (48 lb). Class: Technology. Type: Comsat. Spacecraft: Orbcomm. Agency: ESIEESPA. Perigee: 764 km (474 mi). Apogee: 771 km (479 mi). Inclination: 98.50 deg. Period: 100.20 min. COSPAR: 1991-050C. USAF Sat Cat: 21576. Store and forward communication. References: 1, 2, 5, 6.

• Tubsat-A Nation: Germany. Program: Tubsat. Payload: Tubsat A. Mass: 38 kg (83 lb). Class: Technology. Type: Comsat. Spacecraft: Tubsat. Agency: Orbcomm. Perigee: 762 km (473 mi). Apogee: 772 km (479 mi). Inclination: 98.50 deg. Period: 100.20 min. COSPAR: 1991-050D. USAF Sat Cat: 21577. Tubsat-A was the first satellite built at Germany's Technical University of Berlin was intended primarily to test attitude control subsystems and give students practice in the design, construction and operation of a satellite. Tubsat-A was launched piggyback with the first ERS mission, and because of it's near polar orbit, the spacecraft became an important communications tool for arctic and Antarctic expeditions. The spacecraft also acted as a testbed for some industry technology including GaAs cells and a transputer. Payload: Star Sensor, Sun Sensor, 3-Axis Magnetic Field Sensor, Magnetorquer, Store & Forward Communication. Dimensions: 38x38x38 cm. Mass: 35 kg. Still in operation as of 2003.References: 1, 2, 5, 6.

• SARA Nation: France. Mass: 26 kg (57 lb). Class: Astronomy. Spacecraft: SARA. Agency: SSTL. Perigee: 756 km (469 mi). Apogee: 764 km (474 mi). Inclination: 98.50 deg. Period: 100.00 min. COSPAR: 1991-050E. USAF Sat Cat: 21578. Radioastronomy. References: 1, 2, 5, 6.

• SPOT 3 Nation: France. Program: SPOT. Payload: Spot 3. Mass: 1,907 kg (4,204 lb). Class: Earth. Type: Landsat. Spacecraft: SPOT-1-2-3. Agency: CNES. Perigee: 821 km (510 mi). Apogee: 823 km (511 mi). Inclination: 98.70 deg. Period: 101.30 min. COSPAR: 1993-061A. USAF Sat Cat: 22823. Remote sensing. References: 1, 2, 5, 6.

• Stella Nation: France. Payload: Stella. Mass: 48 kg (105 lb). Class: Earth. Type: Geodetic. Spacecraft: STELLA. Agency: CNES. Perigee: 797 km (495 mi). Apogee: 805 km (500 mi). Inclination: 98.30 deg. Period: 100.90 min. COSPAR: 1993-061B. USAF Sat Cat: 22824. Laser reflectors. References: 1, 2, 5, 6.

• Kitsat-2 Nation: Korea South. Program: Oscar. Payload: Oscar 25. Mass: 49 kg (108 lb). Class: Communications. Type: Amateur Radio. Spacecraft: Kitsat. Agency: KAIST. Perigee: 790 km (490 mi). Apogee: 801 km (497 mi). Inclination: 98.30 deg. Period: 100.80 min. COSPAR: 1993-061C. USAF Sat Cat: 22825. KITSAT-OSCAR 25 was a South Korean experimental microsatellite based on the SSTL UoSAT bus built by the Korean Advanced Institute of Science and Technology (KAIST). KO-25 was operated from The Satellite Technology Research Center (SaTReC) in South Korea. KO-25's mission was to take CCD pictures, process numerical information, measure radiation, and receive and forward messages. The Infrared Sensor Experiment (IREX) was designed to acquire I/V characteristics of IR sensors. A passive cooling structure was devised for this experiment. KO-25 was eventually operated purely as a packet store-and-forward satellite.References: 1, 2, 5, 6.

• Posat 1 Nation: Portugal. Program: Oscar. Payload: Oscar 28. Mass: 50 kg (110 lb). Class: Communications. Type: Amateur Radio. Spacecraft: MicroSat-70. Agency: INETI. Manufacturer: Surrey. Perigee: 789 km (490 mi). Apogee: 801 km (497 mi). Inclination: 98.30 deg. Period: 100.80 min. COSPAR: 1993-061D. USAF Sat Cat: 22826. Portugal's first satellite achieved through a technology transfer programme with Surrey Satellite Technology Ltd. Carried store and forward, DSP communications, GPS and Earth observation payloads. Still operational in 2000. Additional Details: Posat 1(4465). References: 1, 2, 5, 6.

• Healthsat 2 Nation: USA. Program: Oscar. Mass: 48 kg (105 lb). Class: Communications. Type: Amateur Radio. Spacecraft: MicroSat-70. Agency: Satelife. Manufacturer: Surrey. Perigee: 789 km (490 mi). Apogee: 803 km (498 mi). Inclination: 98.70 deg. Period: 100.80 min. COSPAR: 1993-061E. USAF Sat Cat: 22827. Customer: SateLife. Store and forward communications satellite operating in the SatelLife 'HealthNet' LEO satellite communications network for remote regions. Still operational as of 2000.

  Healthsat - II joined UoSAT-3/HealthSat-I as the second microsatellite in the HealthNet global communications system of SatelLife, a U.S. not-for-profit organisation. HealthNet, which was licensed in eighteen countries in Africa and Latin America, was providing desperately needed low cost 'last mile' communication links between medical institutions and health programmes in the developing world.

  The HealthSat-II mission was completed, from concept to launch, within one year. SSTL were responsible for all the programmatic aspects of the mission including procuring the launch slot on the Ariane ASAP and arranging suitable insurance for the launch and early commissioning phase - all within a total contract price of £1M.Additional Details: Healthsat 2(4462). References: 1, 2, 5, 6.

• ITAMsat Nation: Italy. Payload: Oscar 26. Mass: 50 kg (110 lb). Class: Communications. Type: Amateur Radio. Spacecraft: Oscar. Agency: AMSAT-I. Perigee: 789 km (490 mi). Apogee: 802 km (498 mi). Inclination: 98.70 deg. Period: 100.80 min. COSPAR: 1993-061F. USAF Sat Cat: 22828. ITAMsat was built by AMSAT-ITALY. Its mission was to store and forward amateur radio messages. References: 1, 2, 5, 6.

• Eyesat 1 Nation: USA. Program: Oscar. Payload: Oscar 27. Mass: 12 kg (26 lb). Class: Communications. Type: Amateur Radio. Spacecraft: Oscar. Agency: Interfer. Perigee: 790 km (490 mi). Apogee: 803 km (498 mi). Inclination: 98.70 deg. Period: 100.80 min. COSPAR: 1993-061G. USAF Sat Cat: 22829. Experimental Interferometric Microsatellite built by Interferometrics Inc, of Chantilly, Virginia. The satellite was also equipped with amateur radio equipment, constructed by AMRAD, a non-profit organization of radio amateurs, to conduct digital satellite communications experiments. The Amrad-Oscar-27 payload was an 'FM Repeater', consisting of a crystal controlled FM receiver operation at 145.850 MHz and a crystal controlled FM transmitter operating at approximately 436.795 MHz. Output power of the transmitter was normally 0.5 watts. Because of the satellite's limited power budget the amateur transmitter was on for only part of the daylight portion of each orbit. As of September 1998, the satellite passed its five year design goal.References: 1, 2, 5, 6.

• ERS 2 Nation: Europe. Mass: 2,516 kg (5,546 lb). Class: Earth. Type: Radarsat. Spacecraft: ERS 1-2. Agency: ESA. Perigee: 784 km (487 mi). Apogee: 785 km (487 mi). Inclination: 98.60 deg. Period: 100.50 min. COSPAR: 1995-021A. USAF Sat Cat: 23560. European Remote Sensing; carried SAR; ocean, land, ice, and atmospheric observations. References: 2, 5, 6.

• Helios 1A Nation: France. Mass: 2,537 kg (5,593 lb). Class: Surveillance. Type: Military. Spacecraft: Helios 1A-1B. Agency: CNES/DGA. Perigee: 680 km (420 mi). Apogee: 682 km (423 mi). Inclination: 98.10 deg. Period: 98.40 min. COSPAR: 1995-033A. USAF Sat Cat: 23605. References: 2, 5, 6.

• CERISE Nation: France. Mass: 50 kg (110 lb). Class: Communications. Type: Amateur Radio. Spacecraft: MicroSat-70. Agency: CNES/DGA. Manufacturer: Surrey. Perigee: 666 km (413 mi). Apogee: 675 km (419 mi). Inclination: 98.10 deg. Period: 98.10 min. COSPAR: 1995-033B. USAF Sat Cat: 23606. Caracterisation de l'Environnement Radioelectrique par un Instrument Spatiale Embarque; examined Earth RF environment. Customer: Alcatel Espace/DME. French government research payload incorporated into an advance microsatellite platform. Still operational as of 2000.References: 2, 5, 6.

• UPM/LBSAT 1 Nation: Spain. Mass: 47 kg (103 lb). Class: Technology. Type: Communications. Spacecraft: LBSAT. Agency: UPM. Perigee: 663 km (411 mi). Apogee: 676 km (420 mi). Inclination: 98.10 deg. Period: 98.10 min. COSPAR: 1995-033C. USAF Sat Cat: 23607. Universidad Politecnia de Madrid Satellite; experimental communications, microgravity experiments. References: 2, 5, 6.

• SPOT 4 Nation: France. Program: SPOT. Mass: 2,755 kg (6,073 lb). Class: Earth. Type: Landsat. Spacecraft: SPOT-4. Agency: CNES. Manufacturer: Matra Marconi Space-France, Toulouse. Perigee: 824 km (512 mi). Apogee: 826 km (513 mi). Inclination: 98.70 deg. Period: 101.40 min. COSPAR: 1998-017A. USAF Sat Cat: 25260. Developed by Matra Marconi Space/Toulouse for CNES, the satellite provided 10-m resolution images with a wide field of view. SPOT 4 also carried a wide field 'vegetation' imager and a laser communications experiment. Launch was by an Arianespace Ariane 40 rocket, the base Ariane 4 model with no strap-on boosters. The liquid hydrogen fuelled third stage of the Ariane 40 entered an 800 km sun-synchronous orbit together with SPOT 4.

• Helios 1B Nation: France. Mass: 2,750 kg (6,060 lb). Class: Surveillance. Type: Military. Spacecraft: Helios 1A-1B. Agency: Délégation Générale pour l'Armement (France). Manufacturer: Matra Marconi Space-France, Toulouse. Perigee: 680 km (420 mi). Apogee: 682 km (423 mi). Inclination: 98.20 deg. Period: 98.40 min. COSPAR: 1999-064A. USAF Sat Cat: 25977. French optical military reconnaisance satellite based on Spot 4. Taken out of service in mid-October 2004, when the orbit of the satellite was lowered to 637 x 640 km, taking it out of the path of Helios 1A and the Helios 2A that would be launched in December 2004.References: 4, 552, 554.

• Clementine Nation: France. Mass: 50 kg (110 lb). Class: Sigint. Spacecraft: MicroSat-70. Agency: CNES/DGA. Manufacturer: Surrey. Perigee: 646 km (401 mi). Apogee: 664 km (412 mi). Inclination: 98.10 deg. COSPAR: 1999-064B. USAF Sat Cat: 25978. Customer: Alcatel Espace(France). French government military electronic intelligence research payload incorporated into an advance microsatellite platform. Based on CERISE with enhanced EMC subsystem. Still operational as of 2000. References: 4, 552, 554.

• McDowell, Jonathan, Jonathan's Space Home Page, Harvard University, 1997-present. Jonathan McDowell's complete on-line listing of all objects orbited and over 20,000 rocket launches Accessed at: http://www.planet4589.org/jsr.html.

• Isakowitz, Steven J,, International Reference to Space Launch Systems Second Edition, AIAA, Washington DC, 1991 (succeeded by 2000 edition). ISBN: 1563473534. Superseded by the later editions. More at amazon.com...

• Wilson, Andrew, editor,, Jane's/Interavia Space Directory, Jane's Information Group, Coulsdon, Surrey, 1992 et al. ISBN: 0710618107. The most comprehensive source of information for current space projects. Too expensive for human beings and most libraries. More at amazon.com...