Ariane 42P V52

Ariane 4 with 2 solid rocket strap-ons.

Manufacturer: Aerospatiale. Launches: 15. Failures: 1. Success Rate: 93.33%. First Launch Date: 1990-11-20. Last Launch Date: 2002-05-04. Launch data is: complete. LEO Payload: 6,600 kg (14,500 lb). to: 200 km Orbit. at: 5.20 degrees. Payload: 2,890 kg (6,370 lb). to a: Geosynchronous transfer, 7 deg inclination trajectory. Associated Spacecraft: AS 2100, AS 3000, AS 7000, Eurostar 2000, FS-1300, HS 601, Insat 2, Microsat SSTL, Oscar, SPOT-5A-5B, Topex/Poseidon. Liftoff Thrust: 4,135.000 kN (929,584 lbf). Total Mass: 339,000 kg (747,000 lb). Core Diameter: 3.80 m (12.40 ft). Total Length: 58.40 m (191.60 ft). Launch Price $: 90.000 million. in: 2000 price dollars.

Ariane 4 with 2 solid rocket strap-ons.

LEO Payload: 6,600 kg (14,500 lb). to: 200 km Orbit. at: 5.20 degrees. Payload: 2,890 kg (6,370 lb). to a: Geosynchronous transfer, 7 deg inclination trajectory. Liftoff Thrust: 4,135.000 kN (929,584 lbf). Total Mass: 339,000 kg (747,000 lb). Core Diameter: 3.80 m (12.40 ft). Total Length: 58.40 m (191.60 ft).

As Ariane 42P but with Ariane H10+ upper stage.

Payload: 2,740 kg (6,040 lb). to a: geosynchronous transfer orbit trajectory. Liftoff Thrust: 4,028.000 kN (905,530 lbf). Total Mass: 324,000 kg (714,000 lb). Core Diameter: 3.80 m (12.40 ft). Total Length: 58.40 m (191.60 ft).

As Ariane 42P but with Ariane H10-3 upper stage.

Payload: 2,930 kg (6,450 lb). to a: geosynchronous transfer orbit trajectory. Liftoff Thrust: 4,028.000 kN (905,530 lbf). Total Mass: 324,000 kg (714,000 lb). Core Diameter: 3.80 m (12.40 ft). Total Length: 58.40 m (191.60 ft).

• Stage Number: 0. 2 x Stage: Ariane 4P. Gross Mass: 12,560 kg (27,690 lb). Empty Mass: 3,060 kg (6,740 lb). Thrust (vac): 689.990 kN (155,116 lbf). Isp: 263 sec. Burn time: 29 sec. Isp(sl): 240 sec. Diameter: 1.07 m (3.51 ft). Span: 1.07 m (3.51 ft). Length: 12.20 m (40.00 ft). Propellants: Solid. No Engines: 1. Engine: P9.5. Other designations: P9.5.

• Stage Number: 1. 1 x Stage: Ariane 4-1. Gross Mass: 245,900 kg (542,100 lb). Empty Mass: 17,900 kg (39,400 lb). Thrust (vac): 3,034.100 kN (682,093 lbf). Isp: 278 sec. Burn time: 205 sec. Isp(sl): 248 sec. Diameter: 3.80 m (12.40 ft). Span: 8.30 m (27.20 ft). Length: 23.60 m (77.40 ft). Propellants: N2O4/UDMH. No Engines: 4. Engine: Viking 2B. Other designations: L-220.

• Stage Number: 2. 1 x Stage: Ariane 2-2. Gross Mass: 37,130 kg (81,850 lb). Empty Mass: 3,625 kg (7,991 lb). Thrust (vac): 804.998 kN (180,971 lbf). Isp: 296 sec. Burn time: 125 sec. Isp(sl): 210 sec. Diameter: 2.60 m (8.50 ft). Span: 2.60 m (8.50 ft). Length: 11.50 m (37.70 ft). Propellants: N2O4/UDMH. No Engines: 1. Engine: Viking 4B. Other designations: L-33B.

• Stage Number: 3. 1 x Stage: Ariane 4-3. Gross Mass: 12,310 kg (27,130 lb). Empty Mass: 1,570 kg (3,460 lb). Thrust (vac): 62.703 kN (14,096 lbf). Isp: 446 sec. Burn time: 759 sec. Isp(sl): 0 sec. Diameter: 2.66 m (8.72 ft). Span: 2.66 m (8.72 ft). Length: 11.85 m (38.87 ft). Propellants: Lox/LH2. No Engines: 1. Engine: HM7-B. Other designations: H-10-3.

1990 November 20 - 23:11 GMT - Launch Site: Kourou. Launch Complex: ELA2. Launch Pad: ELA2. Launch Vehicle: Ariane 42P. Model: Ariane 42P. LV Configuration: Ariane 42P V40.

• Satcom C1 Nation: USA. Program: Satcom. Payload: Satcom C1. Mass: 1,169 kg (2,577 lb). Class: Communications. Spacecraft: AS 3000. Agency: GE Ameri. Manufacturer: Lockheed Martin. Perigee: 35,777 km (22,230 mi). Apogee: 35,794 km (22,241 mi). Inclination: 0.10 deg. Period: 1,436.10 min. COSPAR: 1990-100A. USAF Sat Cat: 20945. Stationed at 137 deg W. Positioned in geosynchronous orbit at 137 deg W in 1990-1991; 139 deg W in 1991; 137 deg W in 1991-1999 As of 5 September 2001 located at 78.98 deg W drifting at 0.013 deg W per day. As of 2007 Mar 9 located at 151.83E drifting at 3.912W degrees per day.References: 1, 2, 5, 6.

• GStar 4 Nation: USA. Program: GTE. Mass: 1,295 kg (2,854 lb). Class: Communications. Spacecraft: AS 3000. Agency: GTE. Manufacturer: Lockheed Martin. Perigee: 35,785 km (22,235 mi). Apogee: 35,790 km (22,230 mi). Inclination: 0.00 deg. Period: 1,436.10 min. COSPAR: 1990-100B. USAF Sat Cat: 20946. Stationed at 125 deg W. Ku band communications satellite. Positioned in geosynchronous orbit at 125 deg W in 1990-1992; 105 deg W in 1992-1999 As of 6 September 2001 located at 104.95 deg W drifting at 0.005 deg W per day. As of 2007 Mar 10 located at 74.47W drifting at 4.077W degrees per day.References: 1, 2, 5, 6.

• Topex/Poseidon Nation: France. Mass: 2,402 kg (5,295 lb). Class: Earth. Type: Seasat. Spacecraft: Topex/Poseidon. Agency: JPL/CNES. Perigee: 1,331 km (827 mi). Apogee: 1,344 km (835 mi). Inclination: 66.00 deg. Period: 112.40 min. COSPAR: 1992-052A. USAF Sat Cat: 22076. Ocean sensing, mapping. Spacecraft engaged in research and exploration of the upper atmosphere or outer space (US Cat B). References: 1, 2, 5, 6.

• Oscar 23 Nation: Korea South. Program: Oscar. Payload: Kitsat-A. Mass: 50 kg (110 lb). Class: Communications. Type: Amateur Radio. Spacecraft: MicroSat-70. Agency: KAIST. Manufacturer: Surrey. Perigee: 1,310 km (810 mi). Apogee: 1,322 km (821 mi). Inclination: 66.10 deg. Period: 111.90 min. COSPAR: 1992-052B. USAF Sat Cat: 22077. Korean's first satellite achieved via a technology transfer programme with Surrey Satellite Technology Ltd. Carried store and forward communications, DSP and Earth observation payloads. Still operational in 2000. References: 1, 2, 5, 6.

• S80/T Nation: France. Mass: 50 kg (110 lb). Class: Communications. Spacecraft: MicroSat-70. Agency: CNES. Manufacturer: Surrey. Perigee: 1,308 km (812 mi). Apogee: 1,322 km (821 mi). Inclination: 66.10 deg. Period: 111.90 min. COSPAR: 1992-052C. USAF Sat Cat: 22078. An industrial research microsatellite built by Surrey Satellite Technology Ltd (SSTL) for Matra and CNES to carry out 'Little LEO' communications service experiments. Still operational in 2000. S80/T was designed to investigate the technical feasibility of using a constellation of small satellites placed in near-Earth orbit to provide global communications and position location using only hand-held terminals. S80/T was the first fully commercial application of the SSTL multi-mission, modular microsatellite platform developed at the University of Surrey. The same basic platform was also used for the Korean KITSAT-A microsatellite, which accompanied S80/T into orbit on the same launch. The S80/T mission was completed, from concept to launch, within one year and SSTL delivered the platform, associated groundstation equipment and would be providing operations support during the mission within a contract of less than £1M.References: 1, 2, 5, 6.

• Galaxy 7 Nation: USA. Program: Galaxy. Mass: 2,968 kg (6,543 lb). Class: Communications. Spacecraft: HS 601. Agency: HCI. Perigee: 35,917 km (22,317 mi). Apogee: 35,968 km (22,349 mi). Inclination: 1.50 deg. Period: 1,444.10 min. COSPAR: 1992-072A. USAF Sat Cat: 22205. Duration: 2,947.00 days. Geostationary at 91 deg W. The Galaxy 7 satellite failed on November 22, 2000, the third such satellite to fall victim to a design flaw in the on-board computers. Positioned in geosynchronous orbit at 91 deg W in 1992-1999 As of 1 September 2001 located at 32.55 deg E drifting at 2.022 deg W per day. As of 2007 Mar 10 located at 141.47W drifting at 2.077W degrees per day.References: 1, 2, 5, 6.

• Superbird A1 Nation: Japan. Program: Superbird. Mass: 2,780 kg (6,120 lb). Class: Communications. Spacecraft: FS-1300. Agency: SCC. Perigee: 35,774 km (22,228 mi). Apogee: 35,800 km (22,200 mi). Inclination: 0.00 deg. Period: 1,436.10 min. COSPAR: 1992-084A. USAF Sat Cat: 22253. Stationed at 158 deg E. Domestic communications. Launching states: Japan and France. Launch time 2248 GMT. Positioned in geosynchronous orbit at 158 deg E in 1993-1999 As of 31 August 2001 located at 157.95 deg E drifting at 0.011 deg W per day. As of 2007 Mar 9 located at 158.03E drifting at 0.006W degrees per day.References: 1, 2, 5, 6.

• Galaxy 4 Nation: USA. Program: Galaxy. Payload: Galaxy 4H. Mass: 2,988 kg (6,587 lb). Class: Communications. Spacecraft: HS 601. Agency: HCI. Perigee: 35,743 km (22,209 mi). Apogee: 35,829 km (22,263 mi). Inclination: 3.40 deg. Period: 1,436.10 min. COSPAR: 1993-039A. USAF Sat Cat: 22694. Geostationary at 99 deg W. Spacecraft engaged in practical applications and uses of space technology such as weather or communication (US Cat C). Positioned in geosynchronous orbit at 99 deg W in 1993-1998 As of 6 September 2001 located at 76.26 deg E drifting at 0.041 deg W per day. As of 2007 Mar 10 located at 77.40E drifting at 0.010E degrees per day.References: 1, 2, 5, 6.

• Astra 1D Nation: Europe. Program: Astra. Mass: 2,924 kg (6,446 lb). Class: Communications. Spacecraft: HS 601. Agency: SES. Perigee: 35,773 km (22,228 mi). Apogee: 35,796 km (22,242 mi). Inclination: 0.0200 deg. Period: 1,436.00 min. COSPAR: 1994-070A. USAF Sat Cat: 23331. European DBS and radio. Stationed at 19.29 deg E. TV distribution services to Western Europe and the Canary Islands under franchise from the Grand Duchy of Luxembourg. Contracted and controlled by the private company formed in 1985 called Société Europíenne des Satellites (SES). This is the last in a series of 4 medium power satellites, and will act primarily as Astra 1B and 1C's backup. It will also carry four 12.5 Ghz BSS transponders that can be combined for HDTV. Spacecraft: HS-601 platform.3-axis unified ARC 22 N and one Marquardt 490 N bipropellant thrusters, Sun and Barnes Earth sensors and two 61 Nms 2-axis gimballed momentum bias wheels.1658 kg nitrogen tetroxide & MMH in four spheres. Spin-stabilised in transfer orbit. Twin solar wings of three 2.16 x 2.54 m panels carrying large area silicon cells on Kevlar substrate to satisfy 3.3 kW requirement. Eclipse protection provided by Nickel hydrogen batteries. Payload: 18 eclipse protected transponders, plus six spares with 63W TWTA 10.75-10.95 Ghz FSS (&12.5 Ghz BSS) down Ku-band European beams in 250 Mhz band adjacent (below) to Astra 1C, 26 Mhz bandwidth, eirp 50 dBW min, orthogonal polarisation, operating in the FSS range Positioned in geosynchronous orbit at 19 deg E in 1995-1998; 28 deg E in 1998; 19 deg E in 1998-1999; 28 deg E in 2000.- As of 3 September 2001 located at 24.18 deg E drifting at 0.006 deg E per day. As of 2007 Mar 10 located at 23.50E drifting at 0.008W degrees per day.References: 2, 5, 6.

• Panamsat 3 Nation: USA. Program: Panamsat. Payload: PAS K2. Class: Communications. Spacecraft: HS 601. Agency: Panamsat. COSPAR: F941201A. References: 2, 5.

• DBS 3 Nation: USA. Program: DirecTV. Mass: 2,934 kg (6,468 lb). Class: Communications. Spacecraft: HS 601. Agency: DirecTV. Perigee: 35,784 km (22,235 mi). Apogee: 35,789 km (22,238 mi). Inclination: 0.00 deg. Period: 1,436.10 min. COSPAR: 1995-029A. USAF Sat Cat: 23598. Commercial TV. Stationed at 101.0 deg W. Positioned in geosynchronous orbit at 101 deg W in 1995-1999 As of 5 September 2001 located at 100.90 deg W drifting at 0.012 deg W per day. As of 2007 Mar 10 located at 82.00W drifting at 0.004W degrees per day. References: 2, 5, 6.

• M-SAT 1 Nation: Canada. Program: M-SAT. Class: Communications. Spacecraft: HS 601. Agency: TMI. Perigee: 35,777 km (22,230 mi). Apogee: 35,794 km (22,241 mi). Inclination: 0.00 deg. Period: 1,436.10 min. COSPAR: 1996-022A. USAF Sat Cat: 23846. Geostationary at 106.5W. Positioned in geosynchronous orbit at 106 deg W in 1996-1999 As of 3 September 2001 located at 106.55 deg W drifting at 0.004 deg W per day. As of 2007 Mar 11 located at 106.48W drifting at 0.004W degrees per day. References: 4, 6.

• Echostar 2 Nation: USA. Program: Echostar. Class: Communications. Spacecraft: AS 7000. Agency: Echostar. Manufacturer: Lockheed Martin. Perigee: 35,778 km (22,231 mi). Apogee: 35,794 km (22,241 mi). Inclination: 0.10 deg. Period: 1,436.10 min. COSPAR: 1996-055A. USAF Sat Cat: 24313. Geostationary at 119.0W. Positioned in geosynchronous orbit at 119 deg W in 1996-1999 As of 5 September 2001 located at 119.39 deg W drifting at 0.009 deg W per day. As of 2007 Mar 9 located at 147.94W drifting at 0.004E degrees per day. References: 4.

• Hot Bird 4 Nation: Europe. Program: Eutelsat. Class: Communications. Spacecraft: Eurostar 2000. Agency: Eutelsat. Manufacturer: Matra Marconi Space-France, Toulouse. Perigee: 35,773 km (22,228 mi). Apogee: 35,797 km (22,243 mi). Inclination: 0.00 deg. Period: 1,436.00 min. COSPAR: 1998-013A. USAF Sat Cat: 25237. Geostationary at 13.0 degrees E. Positioned in geosynchronous orbit at 13 deg E in 1998-1999 As of 2 June 2001 located at 14.35 deg E drifting at 0.065 deg E per day. As of 2007 Mar 9 located at 7.18W drifting at 0.004W degrees per day. References: 4, 276.

• Insat 2E Nation: India. Program: Insat. Payload: Insat 2E. Class: Communications. Spacecraft: Insat 2. Agency: ISRO. Manufacturer: Indian Space Research Organization. Perigee: 35,770 km (22,220 mi). Apogee: 35,797 km (22,243 mi). Inclination: 0.00 deg. COSPAR: 1999-016A. USAF Sat Cat: 25666. ISRO's Insat 2E was placed in geostationary transfer orbit. The Indian-built satellite carried a C and S band communications package. Stationed at 83 deg E. Positioned in geosynchronous orbit at 83 deg E in 1999. As of 3 September 2001 located at 82.90 deg E drifting at 0.015 deg W per day. As of 2007 Mar 10 located at 82.93E drifting at 0.008W degrees per day.

• Telkom 1 Nation: Indonesia. Program: Palapa. Mass: 2,763 kg (6,091 lb). Class: Communications. Spacecraft: AS 2100. Agency: PT Telko. Manufacturer: Lockheed Martin, Sunnyvale. Perigee: 35,781 km (22,233 mi). Apogee: 35,794 km (22,241 mi). Inclination: 0.10 deg. COSPAR: 1999-042A. USAF Sat Cat: 25880. The launch vehicle delivered its H-10-3 third stage and the Telkom 1 payload into a 221 km x 35687 km x 7.0 degree geosynchronous transfer orbit 21 minutes after launch. Telkom 1 was owned by PT Telkomunikasi of Indonesia and was a successor to the Palapa series of satellites. Mass of Telkom 1 was 1700 kg in geosynchronous orbit after its on-board engine made the apogee burn. Stationed at 108 deg E. Positioned in geosynchronous orbit at 108 deg E in 1999. As of 3 September 2001 located at 107.98 deg E drifting at 0.011 deg W per day. As of 2007 Mar 11 located at 107.98E drifting at 0.014W degrees per day.

• Koreasat 3 Nation: Korea South. Payload: Mugunghwa 3. Class: Communications. Spacecraft: AS 2100. Agency: Korea Te. Manufacturer: Lockheed Martin, Sunnyvale. Perigee: 35,786 km (22,236 mi). Apogee: 35,789 km (22,238 mi). Inclination: 0.00 deg. COSPAR: 1999-046A. USAF Sat Cat: 25894. Geosynchronous communications satellite. Stationed at 112 deg E. Positioned in geosynchronous orbit at 112 deg E in 1999. As of 31 August 2001 located at 115.99 deg E drifting at 0.014 deg W per day. As of 2007 Mar 10 located at 116.12E drifting at 0.008W degrees per day.

• SPOT 5 Nation: France. Program: SPOT. Mass: 3,000 kg (6,600 lb). Class: Earth. Type: Resource. Spacecraft: SPOT-5A-5B. Agency: CNES (France). Manufacturer: Astrium SAS. Perigee: 825 km (512 mi). Apogee: 826 km (513 mi). Inclination: 98.80 deg. Period: 101.40 min. COSPAR: 2002-021A. USAF Sat Cat: 27421. Remote Sensing satellite. Last launch of Ariane 42P version. Launch delayed from April 10. The Ariane 42P, with two PAP solid boosters, flew north from Kourou. The third stage burn occurred off the east coast of North America, with engine cutoff at 0150 UTC and stage separation at 0151 UTC. Venting of the remaining third stage propellant was seen by observers in the US. SPOT Image's SPOT 5 was built by Astrium/Toulouse. The main instrument was the HRVIR imaging camera payload including a 2.5-meter resolution imager. A secondary experiment was the 5-band VEGETATION-2 instrument with 1-km resolution.References: 4, 552, 554.

• Idefix Nation: France. Mass: 12 kg (26 lb). Class: Communications. Type: Amateur Radio. Spacecraft: Oscar. Agency: CNES (France). Manufacturer: Astrium SAS. Perigee: 789 km (490 mi). Apogee: 809 km (502 mi). Inclination: 98.70 deg. Period: 100.90 min. COSPAR: 2002-021B. USAF Sat Cat: 27422. The Idefix amateur radio payload consisted of two small 6 kg boxes attached to the Ariane third stage. The payload was operated by AMSAT-F, the French branch of the amateur radio organization. (The first French satellite was nicknamed Asterix after the famous comic book character; Idefix was Asterix and Obelix's pet dog.)References: 4, 552, 554.

• McDowell, Jonathan, Jonathan's Space Home Page, Harvard University, 1997-present. Jonathan McDowell's complete on-line listing of all objects orbited and over 20,000 rocket launches Accessed at: http://www.planet4589.org/jsr.html.

• Isakowitz, Steven J,, International Reference to Space Launch Systems Second Edition, AIAA, Washington DC, 1991 (succeeded by 2000 edition). ISBN: 1563473534. Superseded by the later editions. More at amazon.com...

• Wilson, Andrew, editor,, Jane's/Interavia Space Directory, Jane's Information Group, Coulsdon, Surrey, 1992 et al. ISBN: 0710618107. The most comprehensive source of information for current space projects. Too expensive for human beings and most libraries. More at amazon.com...