Ariane 44L Credit - Arianespace

Ariane 4 with 4 liquid rocket strap-ons.

Manufacturer: Aerospatiale. Launches: 40. Failures: 1. Success Rate: 97.50%. First Launch Date: 1989-06-05. Last Launch Date: 2003-02-15. Launch data is: complete. LEO Payload: 10,200 kg (22,400 lb). to: 200 km Orbit. at: 5.20 degrees. Payload: 4,790 kg (10,560 lb). to a: Geosynchronous transfer, 7 deg inclination trajectory. Associated Spacecraft: Adeos, AMOS, AS 2100, AS 3000, AS 4000, ECS/OTS, Eurostar 1000, Eurostar 2000, FS-1300, HS 376, HS 393, HS 601, HS 702 , Insat 2, Italsat, Spacebus 100, Spacebus 2000, Spacebus 300, Spacebus 3000, Star bus. Liftoff Thrust: 5,390.100 kN (1,211,743 lbf). Total Mass: 470,000 kg (1,030,000 lb). Core Diameter: 3.80 m (12.40 ft). Total Length: 58.40 m (191.60 ft). Launch Price $: 125.000 million. in: 2000 price dollars.

Ariane 4 with 4 liquid rocket strap-ons.

LEO Payload: 10,200 kg (22,400 lb). to: 200 km Orbit. at: 5.20 degrees. Payload: 4,790 kg (10,560 lb). to a: Geosynchronous transfer, 7 deg inclination trajectory. Liftoff Thrust: 5,390.100 kN (1,211,743 lbf). Total Mass: 470,000 kg (1,030,000 lb). Core Diameter: 3.80 m (12.40 ft). Total Length: 58.40 m (191.60 ft).

As Ariane 44L but with Ariane H10+ upper stage.

Payload: 4,460 kg (9,830 lb). to a: geosynchronous transfer orbit trajectory. Liftoff Thrust: 5,728.000 kN (1,287,705 lbf). Total Mass: 484,000 kg (1,067,000 lb). Core Diameter: 3.80 m (12.40 ft). Total Length: 58.40 m (191.60 ft).

As Ariane 44L but with Ariane H10-3 upper stage.

Payload: 4,820 kg (10,620 lb). to a: geosynchronous transfer orbit trajectory. Liftoff Thrust: 5,728.000 kN (1,287,705 lbf). Total Mass: 484,000 kg (1,067,000 lb). Core Diameter: 3.80 m (12.40 ft). Total Length: 58.40 m (191.60 ft).

• Stage Number: 0. 4 x Stage: Ariane 4L. Gross Mass: 43,772 kg (96,500 lb). Empty Mass: 4,493 kg (9,905 lb). Thrust (vac): 752.003 kN (169,057 lbf). Isp: 278 sec. Burn time: 142 sec. Isp(sl): 248 sec. Diameter: 2.22 m (7.28 ft). Span: 2.22 m (7.28 ft). Length: 19.00 m (62.00 ft). Propellants: N2O4/UDMH. No Engines: 1. Engine: Viking 5C. Other designations: L-40.

• Stage Number: 1. 1 x Stage: Ariane 4-1. Gross Mass: 245,900 kg (542,100 lb). Empty Mass: 17,900 kg (39,400 lb). Thrust (vac): 3,034.100 kN (682,093 lbf). Isp: 278 sec. Burn time: 205 sec. Isp(sl): 248 sec. Diameter: 3.80 m (12.40 ft). Span: 8.30 m (27.20 ft). Length: 23.60 m (77.40 ft). Propellants: N2O4/UDMH. No Engines: 4. Engine: Viking 2B. Other designations: L-220.

• Stage Number: 2. 1 x Stage: Ariane 2-2. Gross Mass: 37,130 kg (81,850 lb). Empty Mass: 3,625 kg (7,991 lb). Thrust (vac): 804.998 kN (180,971 lbf). Isp: 296 sec. Burn time: 125 sec. Isp(sl): 210 sec. Diameter: 2.60 m (8.50 ft). Span: 2.60 m (8.50 ft). Length: 11.50 m (37.70 ft). Propellants: N2O4/UDMH. No Engines: 1. Engine: Viking 4B. Other designations: L-33B.

• Stage Number: 3. 1 x Stage: Ariane 4-3. Gross Mass: 12,310 kg (27,130 lb). Empty Mass: 1,570 kg (3,460 lb). Thrust (vac): 62.703 kN (14,096 lbf). Isp: 446 sec. Burn time: 759 sec. Isp(sl): 0 sec. Diameter: 2.66 m (8.72 ft). Span: 2.66 m (8.72 ft). Length: 11.85 m (38.87 ft). Propellants: Lox/LH2. No Engines: 1. Engine: HM7-B. Other designations: H-10-3.

1989 June 5 - 22:37 GMT - Launch Site: Kourou. Launch Complex: ELA2. Launch Pad: ELA2. Launch Vehicle: Ariane 44L. Model: Ariane 44L. LV Configuration: Ariane 44L V31.

• Superbird A Nation: Japan. Program: Superbird. Payload: Superbird A / DFS-Kopernikus 1. Mass: 2,489 kg (5,487 lb). Class: Communications. Spacecraft: FS-1300. Agency: SCC. Perigee: 35,931 km (22,326 mi). Apogee: 35,944 km (22,334 mi). Inclination: 2.50 deg. Period: 1,443.80 min. COSPAR: 1989-041A. USAF Sat Cat: 20040. Completed Operations Date: 1991-02-01. Japanese domestic business communications; 158 deg E. Positioned in geosynchronous orbit at 158 deg E in 1989-1990 As of 6 September 2001 located at 41.59 deg E drifting at 1.921 deg W per day. As of 2007 Mar 11 located at 166.35W drifting at 1.878W degrees per day.References: 1, 2, 5, 6.

• DFS 1 Nation: Germany. Program: DFS. Payload: Kopernikus 1. Mass: 1,416 kg (3,121 lb). Class: Communications. Spacecraft: Spacebus 100. Agency: Bundespo. Perigee: 35,683 km (22,172 mi). Apogee: 35,889 km (22,300 mi). Inclination: 0.00 deg. Period: 1,436.10 min. COSPAR: 1989-041B. USAF Sat Cat: 20041. Completed Operations Date: 1996-01-01. Multipurpose communications; 23.5 deg E. Communications satellite, position 23.5E, Ariane 4 flight no 20. Positioned in geosynchronous orbit at 23 deg E in 1989-1993; 33 deg E in 1993-1995 As of 5 September 2001 located at 90.12 deg E drifting at 1.435 deg E per day. As of 2007 Mar 10 located at 41.93E drifting at 1.416E degrees per day.References: 1, 2, 5, 6.

• Intelsat 6A F-2 Nation: International. Program: Intelsat. Payload: Intelsat 602. Mass: 4,215 kg (9,292 lb). Class: Communications. Spacecraft: HS 393. Agency: Intelsat. Perigee: 35,777 km (22,230 mi). Apogee: 35,795 km (22,241 mi). Inclination: 0.70 deg. Period: 1,436.10 min. COSPAR: 1989-087A. USAF Sat Cat: 20315. Stationed at 24.5 deg E. At the time, the Intelsat 6 series were the largest commercial spacecraft ever built. The series were also the first commercial satellites to employ Satellite Switched/Time Division Multiple Access (SS/TDMA) techniques. Spacecraft: Based on Hughes 393 bus. Spin stabilised with despun antenna. Hydrazine propulsion system. Passive thermal control. Telescoping dual-cylinder structure with deployed antennas. Body mounted solar cells generate 2250 W (EOL). Solar drums are each about 6m tall. Payload: 38 (plus 12 backup) C-Band and 10 (plus 4 backup) Ku-Band transponders.120,000 telephone calls and 3 colour TV broadcasts simultaneously. SS/TDMA (Satellite-Switched Time Division Multiple Access) techniques used. Positioned in geosynchronous orbit at 37 deg W in 1989-1990; 24 deg W in 1990-1991; 55 deg E in 1991; 60 deg E in 1992; 63 deg E in 1992-1997; 62 deg E in 1997-1999 As of 29 August 2001 located at 62.02 deg E drifting at 0.018 deg W per day. As of 2007 Mar 9 located at 150.55E drifting at 0.004W degrees per day.References: 1, 2, 5, 6.

• Superbird B Nation: Japan. Program: Superbird. Class: Communications. Spacecraft: FS-1300. Agency: SCCJ. Apogee: 9.00 km (5.50 mi). COSPAR: F900222A. Decay Date: 1990-02-23. Launched with BS-2X. Targeted for Geosynch orbit. References: 5.

• BS 2X Nation: USA. Program: BS. Payload: BS 2X. Spacecraft: HS 376. Agency: Arianespace. Apogee: 9.00 km (5.50 mi). COSPAR: F900222B. References: 279.

• TDF 2 Nation: France. Program: TDF. Mass: 2,096 kg (4,620 lb). Class: Communications. Spacecraft: Spacebus 300. Agency: France T. Perigee: 36,085 km (22,422 mi). Apogee: 36,435 km (22,639 mi). Inclination: 3.10 deg. Period: 1,460.40 min. COSPAR: 1990-063A. USAF Sat Cat: 20705. Completed Operations Date: 1999-05-26. French DBS; 19 deg W. Direct broadcasting satellite. Registration 1990-2-B. Positioned in geosynchronous orbit at 19 deg W in 1990-1997; 36 deg E in 1997-1999 As of 5 September 2001 located at 62.59 deg E drifting at 6.006 deg W per day. As of 2007 Mar 9 located at 98.15W drifting at 5.991W degrees per day.References: 1, 2, 5, 6.

• DFS 2 Nation: Germany. Program: DFS. Payload: Kopernikus 2. Mass: 1,418 kg (3,126 lb). Class: Communications. Spacecraft: Spacebus 100. Agency: Bundespo. Perigee: 35,965 km (22,347 mi). Apogee: 36,014 km (22,378 mi). Inclination: 1.40 deg. Period: 1,446.50 min. COSPAR: 1990-063B. USAF Sat Cat: 20706. West German DBS; 28.5 deg E. Communications satellite, position 28.5E Ariane 4 flight no 37. Positioned in geosynchronous orbit at 28 deg E in 1990-1999 As of 30 August 2001 located at 32.30 deg E drifting at 0.451 deg W per day. As of 2007 Mar 11 located at 128.29W drifting at 2.623W degrees per day.References: 1, 2, 5, 6.

• SBS 6 Nation: USA. Program: SBS. Mass: 2,478 kg (5,463 lb). Class: Communications. Spacecraft: HS 376. Agency: HCI. Perigee: 35,780 km (22,230 mi). Apogee: 35,794 km (22,241 mi). Inclination: 0.10 deg. Period: 1,436.10 min. COSPAR: 1990-091A. USAF Sat Cat: 20872. Stationed at 99 deg W. Spacecraft engaged in research and exploration of the upper atmosphere or outer space (US Cat B). Positioned in geosynchronous orbit at 97 deg W in 1990; 99 deg W in 1991-1994; 95 deg W in 1994-1995; 74 deg W in 1995-1999 As of 1 September 2001 located at 74.05 deg W drifting at 0.010 deg W per day. As of 2007 Mar 11 located at 74.06W drifting at 0.011W degrees per day.References: 1, 2, 5, 6.

• Galaxy 6 Nation: USA. Program: Galaxy. Payload: Westar 6S. Mass: 1,212 kg (2,672 lb). Class: Communications. Spacecraft: HS 376. Agency: HCI. Perigee: 35,784 km (22,235 mi). Apogee: 35,791 km (22,239 mi). Inclination: 0.00 deg. Period: 1,436.10 min. COSPAR: 1990-091B. USAF Sat Cat: 20873. Geostationary at 99 deg W. Spacecraft engaged in research and exploration of the upper atmosphere or outer space (US Cat B). Positioned in geosynchronous orbit at 91 deg W in 1990-1991; 99 deg W in 1991-1993; 103 deg W in 1993-1994; 74 deg W in 1994-1998; 99 deg W in 1998-1999; 91 deg W in 2000.; 74 deg W in 2000. As of 5 September 2001 located at 73.96 deg W drifting at 0.015 deg W per day. As of 2007 Mar 10 located at 14.62E drifting at 1.829W degrees per day.References: 1, 2, 5, 6.

• Italsat 1 Nation: Italy. Mass: 1,865 kg (4,111 lb). Class: Communications. Spacecraft: Italsat. Agency: ASI. Perigee: 35,817 km (22,255 mi). Apogee: 35,919 km (22,318 mi). Inclination: 4.20 deg. Period: 1,440.20 min. COSPAR: 1991-003A. USAF Sat Cat: 21055. Experimental commsat; 13.2 deg E. ITALSAT is a body stabilized geostationary satellite and it is proposed to provide pre-operational domestic telecommunications services on the 20/30 GHz bands. Geographic longitude 13.2 deg E. Longitudinal tolerance +/- 0.1 deg. Positioned in geosynchronous orbit at 13 deg E in 1991-1999 As of 4 September 2001 located at 144.14 deg E drifting at 1.021 deg W per day. As of 2007 Mar 11 located at 86.26E drifting at 1.156W degrees per day.References: 1, 2, 5, 6.

• Eutelsat II F2 Nation: Europe. Program: Eutelsat. Mass: 1,878 kg (4,140 lb). Class: Communications. Spacecraft: Spacebus 100. Agency: Eutelsat. Perigee: 35,759 km (22,219 mi). Apogee: 35,814 km (22,253 mi). Inclination: 2.20 deg. Period: 1,436.10 min. COSPAR: 1991-003B. USAF Sat Cat: 21056. Stationed at 10 deg E. Telecommunications satellite. Registered by France in ST/SG/SER.E/234 and 239 until EUTELSAT can register the satellite. EUTELSAT is the European Telecommunications Satellite Organization. Positioned in geosynchronous orbit at 10 deg E in 1991-1999 12 deg W in 1999-2000 As of 4 September 2001 located at 12.60 deg W drifting at 0.009 deg W per day. As of 2007 Mar 10 located at 28.49E drifting at 4.801W degrees per day.References: 1, 2, 5, 6.

• Intelsat 6 F-5 Nation: International. Program: Intelsat. Payload: Intelsat 605. Mass: 4,296 kg (9,471 lb). Class: Communications. Spacecraft: HS 393. Agency: Intelsat. Perigee: 35,784 km (22,235 mi). Apogee: 35,788 km (22,237 mi). Inclination: 0.00 deg. Period: 1,436.10 min. COSPAR: 1991-055A. USAF Sat Cat: 21653. International communications; 14.5 deg W. Positioned in geosynchronous orbit at 24 deg W in 1991-1997; 27 deg W in 1997-1999 As of 2 September 2001 located at 27.48 deg W drifting at 0.015 deg W per day. As of 2007 Mar 10 located at 174.03E drifting at 0.000W degrees per day.References: 1, 2, 5, 6.

• Intelsat 6A F-1 Nation: International. Program: Intelsat. Payload: Intelsat 601. Mass: 4,330 kg (9,540 lb). Class: Communications. Spacecraft: HS 393. Agency: Intelsat. Perigee: 35,784 km (22,235 mi). Apogee: 35,791 km (22,239 mi). Inclination: 0.00 deg. Period: 1,436.20 min. COSPAR: 1991-075A. USAF Sat Cat: 21765. International communications; 27.5 deg W. Positioned in geosynchronous orbit at 27 deg W in 1992-1997; 34 deg W in 1997-1999 As of 2 September 2001 located at 34.48 deg W drifting at 0.002 deg W per day. As of 2007 Mar 10 located at 63.65E drifting at 0.000W degrees per day.References: 1, 2, 5, 6.

• Telecom 2A Nation: France. Program: Telecom. Mass: 2,275 kg (5,015 lb). Class: Communications. Spacecraft: Eurostar 2000. Agency: France T. Manufacturer: Matra Marconi Space-France, Toulouse. Perigee: 35,773 km (22,228 mi). Apogee: 35,801 km (22,245 mi). Inclination: 0.10 deg. Period: 1,436.10 min. COSPAR: 1991-084A. USAF Sat Cat: 21813. French communications; 3 deg E. Positioned in geosynchronous orbit at 3 deg E in 1992; 8 deg W in 1992-1999 As of 5 September 2001 located at 8.05 deg W drifting at 0.004 deg W per day. As of 2007 Mar 11 located at 111.59E drifting at 4.763W degrees per day.References: 1, 2, 5, 6.

• Inmarsat 2 F3 Nation: International. Program: Inmarsat. Mass: 1,310 kg (2,880 lb). Class: Communications. Spacecraft: Eurostar 1000. Agency: Inmarsat. Manufacturer: Matra Marconi Space-France, Toulouse. Perigee: 35,778 km (22,231 mi). Apogee: 35,795 km (22,241 mi). Inclination: 1.40 deg. Period: 1,436.10 min. COSPAR: 1991-084B. USAF Sat Cat: 21814. Global maritime and mobile communications; 178 deg E. Positioned in geosynchronous orbit at 178 deg E in 1992-1997; 65 deg E in 1997-1999 As of 29 August 2001 located at 65.01 deg E drifting at 0.003 deg E per day. As of 2007 Mar 9 located at 155.28W drifting at 15.158W degrees per day.References: 1, 2, 5, 6.

• Superbird B1 Nation: Japan. Program: Superbird. Mass: 2,560 kg (5,640 lb). Class: Communications. Spacecraft: FS-1300. Agency: SCC. Perigee: 36,057 km (22,404 mi). Apogee: 36,206 km (22,497 mi). Inclination: 0.90 deg. Period: 1,453.80 min. COSPAR: 1992-010A. USAF Sat Cat: 21893. Stationed at 162 deg E. Domestic communications. Launching organization Arianespace. Launch time 2358 GMT. Positioned in geosynchronous orbit at 162 deg E in 1992-1999 As of 4 September 2001 located at 19.90 deg W drifting at 4.382 deg W per day. As of 2007 Mar 9 located at 164.51E drifting at 4.378W degrees per day.References: 1, 2, 5, 6.

• Arabsat 1C Nation: Arab States. Program: Arabsat. Mass: 1,310 kg (2,880 lb). Class: Communications. Spacecraft: Spacebus 100. Agency: Arabsat. Perigee: 35,763 km (22,222 mi). Apogee: 35,808 km (22,250 mi). Inclination: 0.10 deg. Period: 1,436.10 min. COSPAR: 1992-010B. USAF Sat Cat: 21894. Stationed at 31 deg E. Positioned in geosynchronous orbit at 31 deg E in 1992-1997; 55 deg E in 1998-1999 As of 5 September 2001 located at 55.07 deg E drifting at 0.005 deg E per day. As of 2007 Mar 9 located at 172.70E drifting at 5.710W degrees per day.References: 1, 2, 5, 6.

• Telecom 2B Nation: France. Program: Telecom. Mass: 2,200 kg (4,800 lb). Class: Communications. Spacecraft: Eurostar 2000. Agency: France T. Manufacturer: Matra Marconi Space-France, Toulouse. Perigee: 35,769 km (22,225 mi). Apogee: 35,804 km (22,247 mi). Inclination: 0.00 deg. Period: 1,436.10 min. COSPAR: 1992-021A. USAF Sat Cat: 21939. Stationed at 3 deg E. Positioned in geosynchronous orbit at 5 deg W in 1992-1999 As of 5 September 2001 located at 24.98 deg E drifting at 0.634 deg E per day. As of 2007 Mar 9 located at 77.10W drifting at 2.683W degrees per day. References: 1, 2, 5, 6.

• Inmarsat 2 F4 Nation: International. Program: Inmarsat. Mass: 1,385 kg (3,053 lb). Class: Communications. Spacecraft: Eurostar 1000. Agency: Inmarsat. Manufacturer: Matra Marconi Space-France, Toulouse. Perigee: 35,780 km (22,230 mi). Apogee: 35,796 km (22,242 mi). Inclination: 2.40 deg. Period: 1,436.20 min. COSPAR: 1992-021B. USAF Sat Cat: 21940. Stationed at 55 deg W. Positioned in geosynchronous orbit at 54 deg W in 1992-1997; 17 deg W in 1997-1999; DRIFT As of 4 September 2001 located at 109.00 deg E drifting at 0.022 deg W per day. As of 2007 Mar 10 located at 108.99E drifting at 0.020W degrees per day.References: 1, 2, 5, 6.

• Insat-2A Nation: India. Program: Insat. Payload: Insat 2A. Mass: 1,900 kg (4,100 lb). Class: Communications. Spacecraft: Insat 2. Agency: ISRO. Perigee: 35,788 km (22,237 mi). Apogee: 35,839 km (22,269 mi). Inclination: 4.10 deg. Period: 1,437.50 min. COSPAR: 1992-041A. USAF Sat Cat: 22027. Stationed at 74 deg E; also performed communications functions. INSAT-2A is a multi-purpose satellite, and it will provide the following services: Domestic long-distance telecommunications, meteorological earth observation and data collection services, direct satellite TV broadcasting to community TV receivers in rura l and remote areas, radio and TV progamme distribution, and Satellite Aided Search and Rescue services. Geostationary longitude 74 +/0 0.1 deg E. Positioned in geosynchronous orbit at 74 deg E in 1992-1999 As of 3 September 2001 located at 48.18 deg E drifting at 0.010 deg E per day. As of 2007 Mar 5 located at 25.76W drifting at 0.201W degrees per day.References: 1, 2, 5, 6.

• Eutelsat II F4 Nation: Europe. Program: Eutelsat. Mass: 1,877 kg (4,138 lb). Class: Communications. Spacecraft: Spacebus 100. Agency: Eutelsat. Perigee: 35,806 km (22,248 mi). Apogee: 35,841 km (22,270 mi). Inclination: 1.20 deg. Period: 1,438.00 min. COSPAR: 1992-041B. USAF Sat Cat: 22028. Stationed at 7 deg E. Positioned in geosynchronous orbit at 7 deg E in 1992-1999; 10 deg E in 1999. As of 3 September 2001 located at 25.62 deg E drifting at 0.019 deg E per day. As of 2007 Mar 10 located at 120.18E drifting at 4.301W degrees per day. References: 2, 5, 6.

• Hispasat-1B Nation: Spain. Program: Hispasat. Mass: 2,120 kg (4,670 lb). Class: Communications. Spacecraft: Eurostar 2000. Agency: Hispasat. Manufacturer: Matra Marconi Space-France, Toulouse. Perigee: 35,780 km (22,230 mi). Apogee: 35,794 km (22,241 mi). Inclination: 0.00 deg. Period: 1,436.10 min. COSPAR: 1993-048A. USAF Sat Cat: 22723. Stationed at 30 deg W. Positioned in geosynchronous orbit at 30 deg W in 1993-1999 As of 5 September 2001 located at 30.13 deg W drifting at 0.024 deg W per day. As of 2007 Mar 8 located at 157.75E drifting at 1.953W degrees per day. References: 1, 2, 5, 6.

• Insat-2B Nation: India. Program: Insat. Payload: Insat 2B. Mass: 1,931 kg (4,257 lb). Class: Communications. Spacecraft: Insat 2. Agency: ISRO. Perigee: 35,774 km (22,228 mi). Apogee: 35,802 km (22,246 mi). Inclination: 0.10 deg. Period: 1,436.20 min. COSPAR: 1993-048B. USAF Sat Cat: 22724. Stationed at 93.5 deg E; also acted as communications platform; carried search and rescue package. INSAT-2B is a multi-purpose satellite, and it will provide the following services: Domestic long range communications, meteorological Earth observation and data collection service, Direct satellite TV broadcasting to community TV recievers in rural and re mote areas, Radio and TV programme distribution, satellite aided search and rescue services. Inclination will be reduced to 0.1 deg and maintained. Geostationary longitude 93.5 +/- 0.1 deg E. Launch on Arianespace flight 58. Positioned in geosynchronous orbit at 93 deg E in 1993-1999 As of 5 September 2001 located at 93.47 deg E drifting at 0.015 deg W per day. As of 2007 Mar 9 located at 63.82W drifting at 1.099W degrees per day.References: 1, 2, 5, 6.

• DBS 1 Nation: USA. Program: DirecTV. Mass: 2,860 kg (6,300 lb). Class: Communications. Spacecraft: HS 601. Agency: DirecTV. Perigee: 35,775 km (22,229 mi). Apogee: 35,798 km (22,243 mi). Inclination: 0.00 deg. Period: 1,436.10 min. COSPAR: 1993-078A. USAF Sat Cat: 22930. Stationed at 101.2 deg W. DirecTV, Inc. is a subsidiary of Hughes Communications and offers commercial satellite television service to the US. The orbital part of the system consists of 3 Hughes-built geosynchronous satellites. Broadcast services began in mid-1994. Competitors include the similar Primestar and USSB services, as well as older C-band satellite services and cable TV companies. Spacecraft: DirecTV uses the Hughes HS-601 spacecraft design.3-Axis stabilised, zero momentum biased control system. Two solar arrays (4 panels each side) span 31 meters and generate 4.3 kW power. Payload: The 2.5 m diameter graphite transmit reflector performs beam shaping.16 x 120 watt Ka-Band (12.2 - 12.7 GHz) transponders with 48-53 dBw EIRP and 24 MHz bandwidth. Power is higher in areas with heavy rain. The high power combined with Reed Solomon error correction coding allow the use of small 18 inch antennas by customers.
  Financial/Operational:
  FCC approved Direct Broadcast Satellites in 1986. By 1997 DirecTV had 2.6 million of 5.0 million US direct broadcast television subscribers. Direct Broadcast Satellites cost $ 175 million each and have 150 video channels. Positioned in geosynchronous orbit at 101 deg W in 1994-1999; 110 deg W in 1999-2000 As of 6 September 2001 located at 109.78 deg W drifting at 0.004 deg W per day. As of 2007 Mar 10 located at 72.51W drifting at 0.011W degrees per day.References: 1, 2, 5, 6.

• Thaicom Nation: Thailand. Program: Thaicom. Mass: 1,080 kg (2,380 lb). Class: Communications. Spacecraft: HS 376. Agency: Shinawat. Perigee: 35,783 km (22,234 mi). Apogee: 35,791 km (22,239 mi). Inclination: 0.10 deg. Period: 1,436.10 min. COSPAR: 1993-078B. USAF Sat Cat: 22931. Positioned in geosynchronous orbit at 78 deg E in 1994-1997; 120 deg E in 1997-1999 As of 3 September 2001 located at 120.00 deg E drifting at 0.017 deg E per day. As of 2007 Mar 10 located at 119.92E drifting at 0.025W degrees per day. References: 2, 5, 6.

• Panamsat 2 Nation: USA. Program: Panamsat. Payload: PAS K1. Mass: 2,290 kg (5,040 lb). Class: Communications. Spacecraft: HS 601. Agency: Panamsat. Perigee: 35,772 km (22,227 mi). Apogee: 35,799 km (22,244 mi). Inclination: 0.0400 deg. Period: 1,436.07 min. COSPAR: 1994-040A. USAF Sat Cat: 23175. Stationed at 168.97 deg E. Positioned in geosynchronous orbit at 169 deg E in 1994-1999 As of 1 September 2001 located at 169.03 deg E drifting at 0.002 deg W per day. As of 2007 Mar 8 located at 168.96E drifting at 0.005W degrees per day. References: 2, 5, 6.

• Yuri 3N Nation: Japan. Program: BS. Payload: BS-3N. Mass: 1,210 kg (2,660 lb). Class: Communications. Spacecraft: AS 3000. Agency: NHK. Manufacturer: Lockheed Martin. Perigee: 35,777 km (22,230 mi). Apogee: 35,797 km (22,243 mi). Inclination: 0.0500 deg. Period: 1,436.15 min. COSPAR: 1994-040B. USAF Sat Cat: 23176. Stationed at 109.67 deg E. Positioned in geosynchronous orbit at 109 deg E in 1994-1999 As of 5 September 2001 located at 109.71 deg E drifting at 0.013 deg W per day. As of 2007 Mar 11 located at 109.92E drifting at 0.008W degrees per day. References: 2, 5, 6.

• Solidaridad 2 Nation: Mexico. Program: Morelos. Mass: 2,776 kg (6,120 lb). Class: Communications. Spacecraft: HS 601. Agency: Tele Mex. Perigee: 35,776 km (22,230 mi). Apogee: 35,796 km (22,242 mi). Inclination: 0.00 deg. Period: 1,436.10 min. COSPAR: 1994-065A. USAF Sat Cat: 23313. 18 C-Band transponders. Stationed at 113.06 deg W. Positioned in geosynchronous orbit at 113 deg W in 1994-1999 As of 5 September 2001 located at 112.96 deg W drifting at 0.003 deg W per day. As of 2007 Mar 11 located at 114.89W drifting at 0.001W degrees per day.References: 2, 5, 6.

• Thaicom 2 Nation: Thailand. Program: Thaicom. Mass: 1,080 kg (2,380 lb). Class: Communications. Spacecraft: HS 376. Agency: Shinawat. Perigee: 35,782 km (22,233 mi). Apogee: 35,791 km (22,239 mi). Inclination: 0.10 deg. Period: 1,436.10 min. COSPAR: 1994-065B. USAF Sat Cat: 23314. 10 C-band, 2 Ku-band transponders. Stationed at 78.42 deg E. Positioned in geosynchronous orbit at 78 deg E in 1994-1999 As of 4 September 2001 located at 78.46 deg E drifting at 0.008 deg W per day. As of 2007 Mar 10 located at 78.52E drifting at 0.005W degrees per day.References: 2, 5, 6.

• Telecom 2C Nation: France. Program: Telecom. Mass: 2,283 kg (5,033 lb). Class: Communications. Spacecraft: Eurostar 2000. Agency: France T. Manufacturer: Matra Marconi Space-France, Toulouse. Perigee: 35,777 km (22,230 mi). Apogee: 35,793 km (22,240 mi). Inclination: 0.10 deg. Period: 1,436.10 min. COSPAR: 1995-067A. USAF Sat Cat: 23730. Stationed at 1.1 deg E. Positioned in geosynchronous orbit at 3 deg E in 1996-1999 As of 5 September 2001 located at 5.05 deg W drifting at 0.004 deg W per day. As of 2007 Mar 11 located at 3.02E drifting at 0.001E degrees per day. References: 2, 5, 6.

• Insat 2C Nation: India. Program: Insat. Payload: Insat 2C. Mass: 2,050 kg (4,510 lb). Class: Communications. Spacecraft: Insat 2. Agency: ISRO. Perigee: 35,755 km (22,217 mi). Apogee: 35,817 km (22,255 mi). Inclination: 0.20 deg. Period: 1,436.10 min. COSPAR: 1995-067B. USAF Sat Cat: 23731. 24 transponders. Stationed at 92.5 deg E. Positioned in geosynchronous orbit at 93 deg E in 1996-1999 As of 5 September 2001 located at 93.60 deg E drifting at 0.019 deg W per day. As of 2007 Mar 11 located at 165.25W drifting at 1.757W degrees per day. References: 2, 5, 6.

• Panamsat 3R Nation: USA. Program: Panamsat. Payload: PAS K4. Mass: 2,900 kg (6,300 lb). Class: Communications. Spacecraft: HS 601. Agency: Panamsat. Perigee: 35,779 km (22,231 mi). Apogee: 35,796 km (22,242 mi). Inclination: 0.00 deg. Period: 1,436.20 min. COSPAR: 1996-002A. USAF Sat Cat: 23764. Geostationary at 43.0W. Positioned in geosynchronous orbit at 43 deg W in 1996-1999 As of 5 September 2001 located at 42.97 deg W drifting at 0.008 deg W per day. As of 2007 Mar 10 located at 42.99W drifting at 0.012W degrees per day. References: 4, 6.

• Measat 1 Nation: Malaysia. Program: Measat. Mass: 1,450 kg (3,190 lb). Class: Communications. Spacecraft: HS 376. Agency: Binarian. Perigee: 35,783 km (22,234 mi). Apogee: 35,792 km (22,240 mi). Inclination: 0.00 deg. Period: 1,436.10 min. COSPAR: 1996-002B. USAF Sat Cat: 23765. Geostationary at 91.4E. Positioned in geosynchronous orbit at 91 deg E in 1996-1999 As of 5 September 2001 located at 91.49 deg E drifting at 0.012 deg W per day. As of 2007 Mar 11 located at 91.50E drifting at 0.009W degrees per day. References: 4, 6.

• Palapa C2 Nation: Indonesia. Program: Palapa. Class: Communications. Spacecraft: HS 601. Agency: PSN. Perigee: 35,780 km (22,230 mi). Apogee: 35,790 km (22,230 mi). Inclination: 0.00 deg. Period: 1,436.20 min. COSPAR: 1996-030A. USAF Sat Cat: 23864. 34 transponders; Geostationary at 113.0E. Positioned in geosynchronous orbit at 113 deg E in 1996-1999 As of 5 September 2001 located at 112.95 deg E drifting at 0.018 deg W per day. As of 2007 Mar 11 located at 112.97E drifting at 0.011W degrees per day. References: 4, 6.

• Amos Nation: Israel. Payload: AMOS 1. Mass: 996 kg (2,195 lb). Class: Communications. Spacecraft: AMOS. Agency: IAI/Maba. Perigee: 35,773 km (22,228 mi). Apogee: 35,800 km (22,200 mi). Inclination: 0.00 deg. Period: 1,436.10 min. COSPAR: 1996-030B. USAF Sat Cat: 23865. 7 Ku-band transponders Geostationary at 4.1W. Positioned in geosynchronous orbit at 4 deg W in 1996-1999 As of 3 September 2001 located at 4.04 deg W drifting at 0.001 deg W per day. As of 2007 Mar 9 located at 4.01W drifting at 0.004W degrees per day. References: 4, 6.

• Arabsat 2A Nation: Arab States. Program: Arabsat. Mass: 2,100 kg (4,600 lb). Class: Communications. Spacecraft: Spacebus 3000. Agency: Arabsat. Manufacturer: Aerospatiale, Cannes, France. Perigee: 35,781 km (22,233 mi). Apogee: 35,792 km (22,240 mi). Inclination: 0.00 deg. Period: 1,436.00 min. COSPAR: 1996-040A. USAF Sat Cat: 23948. Geostationary at 26.0E. Positioned in geosynchronous orbit at 26 deg E in 1996-1999 As of 29 August 2001 located at 25.92 deg E drifting at 0.000 deg W per day. As of 2007 Mar 10 located at 166.53W drifting at 3.749W degrees per day. References: 4, 6.

• Turksat 1C Nation: Turkey. Program: Turksat. Class: Communications. Spacecraft: Spacebus 2000. Agency: Turk Tel. Manufacturer: Aerospatiale. Perigee: 35,779 km (22,231 mi). Apogee: 35,794 km (22,241 mi). Inclination: 0.00 deg. Period: 1,436.10 min. COSPAR: 1996-040B. USAF Sat Cat: 23949. 22 Ku band and 12 C band transponders. Positioned in geosynchronous orbit at 31 deg E in 1996; 42 deg E in 1996-1999 As of 3 September 2001 located at 42.02 deg E drifting at 0.003 deg E per day. As of 2007 Mar 11 located at 42.00E drifting at 0.002E degrees per day.References: 4, 6.

• Italsat F2 Nation: Italy. Class: Communications. Spacecraft: Italsat. Agency: ASI. Perigee: 35,771 km (22,227 mi). Apogee: 35,801 km (22,245 mi). Inclination: 0.00 deg. Period: 1,436.10 min. COSPAR: 1996-044A. USAF Sat Cat: 24208. Positioned in geosynchronous orbit at 13 deg E in 1996-1998; 16 deg E in 1998-1999 As of 5 September 2001 located at 16.38 deg E drifting at 0.010 deg E per day. As of 2007 Mar 10 located at 94.10W drifting at 1.863E degrees per day. References: 4, 6.

• Telecom 2D Nation: France. Program: Telecom. Class: Communications. Spacecraft: Eurostar 2000. Agency: France T. Manufacturer: Matra Marconi Space-France, Toulouse. Perigee: 35,771 km (22,227 mi). Apogee: 35,803 km (22,246 mi). Inclination: 0.20 deg. Period: 1,436.10 min. COSPAR: 1996-044B. USAF Sat Cat: 24209. Positioned in geosynchronous orbit at 3 deg E in 1996; 5 deg W in 1996-2000; 8 deg W in 2000.- As of 5 September 2001 located at 7.90 deg W drifting at 0.004 deg W per day. As of 2007 Mar 9 located at 7.85W drifting at 0.005W degrees per day. References: 4, 6.

• Arabsat 2B Nation: Arab States. Program: Arabsat. Class: Communications. Spacecraft: Spacebus 3000. Agency: Arabsat. Manufacturer: Aerospatiale, Cannes, France. Perigee: 35,785 km (22,235 mi). Apogee: 35,788 km (22,237 mi). Inclination: 0.00 deg. Period: 1,436.10 min. COSPAR: 1996-063A. USAF Sat Cat: 24652. Geostationary at 21.9E. Positioned in geosynchronous orbit at 30 deg E in 1997-1999 As of 4 September 2001 located at 30.46 deg E drifting at 0.009 deg E per day. As of 2007 Mar 10 located at 30.52E drifting at 0.005E degrees per day. References: 4.

• Measat 2 Nation: Malaysia. Program: Measat. Class: Communications. Spacecraft: HS 376. Agency: Binarian. Perigee: 35,781 km (22,233 mi). Apogee: 35,792 km (22,240 mi). Inclination: 0.00 deg. Period: 1,436.10 min. COSPAR: 1996-063B. USAF Sat Cat: 24653. Geostationary at 148.0E. Positioned in geosynchronous orbit at 148 deg E in 1996-1999 As of 5 September 2001 located at 148.00 deg E drifting at 0.011 deg W per day. As of 2007 Mar 9 located at 147.98E drifting at 0.007W degrees per day. References: 4.

• GE 2 Nation: USA. Program: Americom. Class: Communications. Spacecraft: AS 2100. Agency: GE Americom. Manufacturer: Lockheed Martin Telecommunications, East Windsor (formerly RCA). Perigee: 35,772 km (22,227 mi). Apogee: 35,801 km (22,245 mi). Inclination: 0.00 deg. Period: 1,436.10 min. COSPAR: 1997-002A. USAF Sat Cat: 24713. Geosynchronous. Stationed over 84.9W Positioned in geosynchronous orbit at 85 deg W in 1997-1999 As of 5 September 2001 located at 84.89 deg W drifting at 0.007 deg W per day. As of 2007 Mar 9 located at 85.05W drifting at 0.004W degrees per day. References: 4.

• Nahuel 1A Nation: Argentina. Program: Nahuel. Class: Communications. Spacecraft: Spacebus 2000. Agency: Nahuelsa. Manufacturer: Aerospatiale, Cannes, France. Perigee: 35,774 km (22,228 mi). Apogee: 35,798 km (22,243 mi). Inclination: 0.00 deg. Period: 1,436.10 min. COSPAR: 1997-002B. USAF Sat Cat: 24714. Geosynchronous. Stationed over 71.8W Positioned in geosynchronous orbit at 72 deg W in 1997-1999 As of 3 September 2001 located at 71.82 deg W drifting at 0.007 deg W per day. As of 2007 Mar 9 located at 71.83W drifting at 0.002W degrees per day. References: 4.

• Inmarsat 3 F4 Nation: International. Program: Inmarsat. Mass: 1,021 kg (2,250 lb). Class: Communications. Spacecraft: AS 4000. Agency: Inmarsat. Manufacturer: Lockheed Martin. Perigee: 35,770 km (22,220 mi). Apogee: 35,805 km (22,248 mi). Inclination: 0.00 deg. Period: 1,436.10 min. COSPAR: 1997-027A. USAF Sat Cat: 24819. Geosynchronous. Stationed over 54.0W Positioned in geosynchronous orbit at 54 deg W in 1997-1999 As of 5 September 2001 located at 53.97 deg W drifting at 0.004 deg W per day. As of 2007 Mar 10 located at 142.07W drifting at 0.000E degrees per day. References: 4.

• Insat 2D Nation: India. Program: Insat. Payload: Insat 2D. Class: Communications. Spacecraft: Insat 2. Agency: ISRO. Manufacturer: Indian Space Research Organization. Perigee: 35,713 km (22,190 mi). Apogee: 35,859 km (22,281 mi). Inclination: 0.40 deg. Period: 1,374.20 min. COSPAR: 1997-027B. USAF Sat Cat: 24820. Completed Operations Date: 1997-10-05. Geosynchronous. Stationed over 74.1E Positioned in geosynchronous orbit at 72 deg E in 1997 As of 2 September 2001 located at 85.52 deg W drifting at 16.266 deg E per day. As of 2007 Mar 10 located at 49.88W drifting at 16.261E degrees per day. References: 4.

• Sirius 2 Nation: Sweden. Program: Sirius. Class: Communications. Spacecraft: Spacebus 3000. Agency: NSAB. Manufacturer: Aerospatiale, Cannes, France. Perigee: 35,781 km (22,233 mi). Apogee: 35,791 km (22,239 mi). Inclination: 0.10 deg. Period: 1,436.10 min. COSPAR: 1997-071A. USAF Sat Cat: 25049. Geosynchronous. Stationed over 4.8E Positioned in geosynchronous orbit at 5 deg E in 1997-1999 As of 5 September 2001 located at 4.81 deg E drifting at 0.001 deg E per day. As of 2007 Mar 8 located at 4.77E drifting at 0.004W degrees per day. References: 4.

• Cakrawarta 1 Nation: Indonesia. Payload: Indostar 1. Class: Communications. Spacecraft: Star bus. Agency: Indostar. Manufacturer: Orbital Sciences Corp., McLean (formerly DSI and CTA). Perigee: 35,761 km (22,220 mi). Apogee: 35,812 km (22,252 mi). Inclination: 0.10 deg. Period: 1,436.10 min. COSPAR: 1997-071B. USAF Sat Cat: 25050. Geosynchronous. Stationed over 100.6E Positioned in geosynchronous orbit at 107 deg E in 1997-1999 As of 4 September 2001 located at 107.71 deg E drifting at 0.006 deg W per day. As of 2007 Mar 11 located at 107.62E drifting at 0.005W degrees per day. References: 4.

• Eutelsat W2 Nation: Europe. Program: Eutelsat. Payload: Eutelsat W2. Class: Communications. Spacecraft: Spacebus 3000. Agency: Eutelsat. Manufacturer: Alcatel, Cannes, France (was Aerospatiale). Perigee: 35,779 km (22,231 mi). Apogee: 35,791 km (22,239 mi). Inclination: 0.00 deg. COSPAR: 1998-056A. USAF Sat Cat: 25491. Geostationary at 16.0 degrees E. Positioned in geosynchronous orbit at 16 deg E in 1998-1999 As of 4 September 2001 located at 16.17 deg E drifting at 0.015 deg E per day. As of 2007 Mar 11 located at 16.01E drifting at 0.008W degrees per day. References: 279.

• Sirius 3 Nation: Sweden. Program: Sirius. Payload: Sirius 3. Class: Communications. Spacecraft: HS 376. Agency: NSAB. Manufacturer: Hughes Space and Communications, El Segundo. Perigee: 35,782 km (22,233 mi). Apogee: 35,790 km (22,230 mi). Inclination: 0.10 deg. Period: 1,436.10 min. COSPAR: 1998-056B. USAF Sat Cat: 25492. Geostationary at 23.5 degrees E. Positioned in geosynchronous orbit at 28 deg E in 1998-1999; 5 deg E in 2000.- As of 5 September 2001 located at 5.04 deg E drifting at 0.003 deg E per day. As of 2007 Mar 11 located at 4.97E drifting at 0.000W degrees per day.References: 279.

• Afristar Nation: France. Program: WorldSpace. Class: Communications. Spacecraft: Eurostar 2000. Agency: Worldspa. Manufacturer: Matra Marconi Space-France, Toulouse. Perigee: 35,769 km (22,225 mi). Apogee: 35,805 km (22,248 mi). Inclination: 0.00 deg. Period: 1,436.10 min. COSPAR: 1998-063A. USAF Sat Cat: 25515. Afristar was the first WorldSpace satellite. Afristar was to broadcast digital radio over Africa and the Middle East. Small hand-held radios could pick up the 24 to 96 radio channels available on the three L-band beams. Dry mass of Afristar was 1205 kg; it carried 1534 kg of propellant at launch. Geostationary at 21.0 degrees E. Positioned in geosynchronous orbit at 21 deg E in 1998-1999 As of 3 September 2001 located at 20.98 deg E drifting at 0.004 deg W per day. As of 2007 Mar 10 located at 20.98E drifting at 0.010W degrees per day.

• GE 5 Nation: USA. Program: Americom. Mass: 1,720 kg (3,790 lb). Class: Communications. Spacecraft: Eurostar 2000. Agency: GE Americom. Manufacturer: Alcatel, Cannes, France (was Aerospatiale). Perigee: 35,765 km (22,223 mi). Apogee: 35,808 km (22,250 mi). Inclination: 0.00 deg. Period: 1,436.10 min. COSPAR: 1998-063B. USAF Sat Cat: 25516. Satellite was originally built as a backup for Argentina's Nahuelsat. This allowed Dornier and Alcatel to deliver the satellite in a record twelve months. Dry mass of GE 5 was 769 kg - it carried 950 kg of propellant at launch. Geostationary at 36.4 degrees W. Positioned in geosynchronous orbit at 79 deg W in 1998-1999 As of 3 September 2001 located at 79.00 deg W drifting at 0.004 deg W per day. As of 2007 Mar 10 located at 78.99W drifting at 0.011W degrees per day.

• Arabsat 3A Nation: Arab States. Program: Arabsat. Mass: 2,708 kg (5,970 lb). Class: Communications. Spacecraft: Spacebus 3000. Agency: Arabsat. Manufacturer: Alcatel, Cannes. Perigee: 35,779 km (22,231 mi). Apogee: 35,792 km (22,240 mi). Inclination: 0.10 deg. Period: 1,436.10 min. COSPAR: 1999-009A. USAF Sat Cat: 25638. The Arab League satellite had 20 Ku-band transponders and was to be stationed at 26 degrees East. Dry mass was 1200 kg. Positioned in geosynchronous orbit at 26 deg E in 1999. As of 29 August 2001 located at 25.93 deg E drifting at 0.007 deg E per day. As of 2007 Mar 9 located at 25.89E drifting at 0.003E degrees per day.

• Skynet 4E Nation: UK. Program: Skynet. Mass: 1,490 kg (3,280 lb). Class: Communications. Spacecraft: ECS/OTS. Agency: UK MoD. Manufacturer: Matra Marconi Space-UK, Stevenage. Perigee: 35,774 km (22,228 mi). Apogee: 35,799 km (22,244 mi). Inclination: 3.30 deg. COSPAR: 1999-009B. USAF Sat Cat: 25639. Skynet 4E was a SHF/UHF military communications satellite for the UK Ministry of Defense. Dry mass was 759 kg; it used a Thiokol Star 30 solid apogee motor. Stationed at 53 deg E. Positioned in geosynchronous orbit at 53 deg E in 1999. As of 5 September 2001 located at 52.91 deg E drifting at 0.000 deg W per day. As of 2007 Mar 11 located at 53.02E drifting at 0.005E degrees per day.

• Galaxy 11 Nation: USA. Program: Galaxy. Mass: 4,484 kg (9,885 lb). Class: Communications. Spacecraft: HS 702 . Agency: Panamsat. Manufacturer: Hughes Space and Communications, El Segundo. Perigee: 35,786 km (22,236 mi). Apogee: 35,787 km (22,236 mi). Inclination: 0.00 deg. Period: 1,436.10 min. COSPAR: 1999-071A. USAF Sat Cat: 26038. Communications satellite. Third Ariane launch within three weeks. First Hughes HS 702 bus satellite, for PanAmSat Corporation to expand video and telecommunications services to North America and Brazil. The 20-watt C-band transponders will be used primarily for cable television customers. The Ku-band payload offers two power levels: 140 watts for video distribution, and 75 watts for data networks and other general communications services. This gives Galaxy 11 a total payload of 64 active transponders. Positioned in geosynchronous orbit at 99 deg W in 2000. As of 4 September 2001 located at 91.01 deg W drifting at 0.010 deg W per day. As of 2007 Mar 11 located at 91.01W drifting at 0.008W degrees per day.References: 4, 552, 554.

• Anik F1 Nation: Canada. Mass: 4,711 kg (10,385 lb). Class: Communications. Spacecraft: HS 702. Agency: Telesat. Manufacturer: Boeing-ES. Perigee: 35,786 km (22,236 mi). Apogee: 35,787 km (22,236 mi). Inclination: 0.10 deg. Period: 1,436.10 min. COSPAR: 2000-076A. USAF Sat Cat: 26624. Heaviest Ariane 4 payload ever. Anik F1 was a Telesat Canada communications satellite. The Boeing model 702 satellite had a launch mass of 4852 kg and a dry mass of 2950 kg. It carried 36 C-band and 48 Ku-band transponders. As of 3 September 2001 located at 107.30 deg W drifting at 0.006 deg W per day. As of 2007 Mar 11 located at 107.29W drifting at 0.000W degrees per day.References: 4, 552, 554.

• Sicral Nation: Italy. Payload: Sicral 1. Mass: 2,596 kg (5,723 lb). Class: Communications. Spacecraft: Italsat. Agency: ADI. Manufacturer: SITAB Consortium (Alenia Aerospazio). Perigee: 35,773 km (22,228 mi). Apogee: 35,801 km (22,245 mi). Inclination: 0.10 deg. Period: 1,436.10 min. COSPAR: 2001-005A. USAF Sat Cat: 26694. Sicral, (Sistema Italiana de Communicazione Riservente Allarmi) was a communications satellite for the Italian defense ministry's procurement division, the Segretariato Generale della Difesa's Direzione Nazionale degli Armamenti. Sicral was built by Alenia Aerospazio and derived from the Italsat series. Its mass was 2596 kg full, 1253 kg dry and it carried a liquid apogee engine. The 3.3 kW, 3.4 m x 4.9 m, triaxially-stabilized spacecraft carried a total of nine transponders in the SHF-, UHF-, and EHF-bands to enable secure communications after parking over 16.2 deg-E longitude. Positioned in geosynchronous orbit at 16 deg E in 2001 As of 26 August 2001 located at 16.27 deg E drifting at 0.004 deg W per day. As of 2007 Mar 9 located at 16.34E drifting at 0.018E degrees per day.References: 4, 296, 552, 554.

• Skynet 4F Nation: UK. Mass: 2,596 kg (5,723 lb). Class: Communications. Type: Military. Spacecraft: ECS/OTS. Agency: UK MoD. Manufacturer: SITAB Consortium (Alenia Aerospazio). Perigee: 35,772 km (22,227 mi). Apogee: 35,801 km (22,245 mi). Inclination: 2.90 deg. Period: 1,436.10 min. COSPAR: 2001-005B. USAF Sat Cat: 26695. Skynet 4F was a communications satellite for the UK Ministry of Defense, and the last of the venerable ECS (European Communications Satellite) class of satellites built by Astrium/Stevenage. It carried a Thiokol Star 30 apogee motor and its mass was 1489 kg full, 830 kg dry - a dry mass more than twice the first OTS. The spacecraft carried a total of eight transponders in the SHF-, UHF-, and S-bands to provide secure communications after parking over either 1 deg-E or 6 deg-W. Positioned in geosynchronous orbit at 6 deg E in 2001 As of 5 September 2001 located at 8.77 deg E drifting at 0.284 deg W per day. As of 2007 Mar 10 located at 6.01E drifting at 0.004E degrees per day.References: 4, 296, 552, 554.

• Intelsat 901 Nation: International. Program: Intelsat. Mass: 4,725 kg (10,416 lb). Class: Communications. Spacecraft: FS-1300. Agency: Intelsat. Manufacturer: Space Systems/Loral. Perigee: 35,770 km (22,220 mi). Apogee: 35,804 km (22,247 mi). Inclination: 0.00 deg. Period: 1,436.10 min. COSPAR: 2001-024A. USAF Sat Cat: 26824. Launch delayed from June 8. The first of the Intelsat 9 series provided telecommunications (Internet, video and telephone) services from a geosynchronous position at 18 deg W over the Atlantic Ocean. Intelsat 901 was an FS-1300HL, an improved version of the long-standing Space Systems/Loral (originally Aeronutronic Ford) FS-1300 platform. The satellite was to provide voice and video services to Europe and the Americas through 44 C-band and 12 Ku-band transponders. The satellite had C-band beams for the Atlantic region and a Ku-band spot beam for Europe, and an R-4D liquid apogee engine. Dry mass was 1972 kg and launch mass of 4723 kg. The International Telecommunications Satellite Organization (ITSO), beginning with its first satellite, Early Bird (1965-028A), had as of this date successfully launched 54 satellites, 19 of which were operational. As of 27 August 2001 located at 54.26 deg W drifting at 1.105 deg E per day. As of 2007 Mar 8 located at 18.01W drifting at 0.008W degrees per day.References: 4, 296.

• Intelsat 902 Nation: International. Program: Intelsat. Mass: 4,725 kg (10,416 lb). Class: Communications. Spacecraft: FS-1300. Agency: Intelsat. Manufacturer: Space Systems/Loral. Perigee: 35,771 km (22,227 mi). Apogee: 35,801 km (22,245 mi). Inclination: 0.00 deg. Period: 1,436.10 min. COSPAR: 2001-039A. USAF Sat Cat: 26900. Launch delayed from August 24. The Intelsat 902 geosynchronous communications satellite was stationed initially over the Indian Ocean, providing coverage to Europe, Africa, Asia and Australasia through its 44 C- and 12 Ku-band transponders. The Loral FS-1300 satellite had a dry mass of 1978 kg and carried a further 2745 kg of propellant at launch. As of 4 September 2001 located at 56.46 deg E drifting at 0.118 deg E per day. As of 2007 Mar 9 located at 61.96E drifting at 0.002E degrees per day.References: 4, 296, 552, 554.

• Intelsat 904 Nation: International. Program: Intelsat. Mass: 4,680 kg (10,310 lb). Class: Communications. Spacecraft: FS-1300. Agency: Intelsat. Manufacturer: Space Systems/Loral. Perigee: 35,772 km (22,227 mi). Apogee: 35,800 km (22,200 mi). Inclination: 0.00 deg. Period: 1,436.10 min. COSPAR: 2002-007A. USAF Sat Cat: 27380. Communications satellite. Launch delayed from February 14 and 20. The Ariane 44L placed the Loral FS-1300HL-class Intelsat 904 satellite in a 176 x 35812 km x 7.0 deg geostationary transfer orbit. The spacecraft was to be used for Indian Ocean region communications. Intelsat 904 had a dry mass of 2350 kg and carried 2330 kg of fuel. As of 2007 Mar 9 located at 59.96E drifting at 0.000E degrees per day.References: 4, 552, 554.

• Astra 3A Nation: Europe. Program: Astra. Mass: 1,495 kg (3,295 lb). Class: Communications. Spacecraft: HS 376. Agency: SES. Manufacturer: Boeing Satellite Systems. Perigee: 35,776 km (22,230 mi). Apogee: 35,797 km (22,243 mi). Inclination: 0.00 deg. Period: 1,436.10 min. COSPAR: 2002-015A. USAF Sat Cat: 27399. Communications satellite. Launch delayed from mid-March. After the Ariane third stage reached geostationary transfer orbit, JCSAT 8 separated, followed by the Mini-Spelda adapter, followed by Astra 3A. Astra 3A was a Boeing BSS-376HP, with a mass of 1495 kg full and about 750 kg empty. It joined Luxembourg-based SES Astra's fleet. As of 2007 Mar 9 located at 153.96E drifting at 0.004W degrees per day.References: 4, 552, 554.

• JCSAT 8 Nation: Japan. Program: JCSAT. Payload: JC-Sat 2A. Mass: 3,800 kg (8,300 lb). Class: Communications. Spacecraft: HS 601. Agency: JSAT. Manufacturer: Boeing Satellite Systems. Perigee: 35,770 km (22,220 mi). Apogee: 35,802 km (22,246 mi). Inclination: 0.00 deg. Period: 1,436.10 min. COSPAR: 2002-015B. USAF Sat Cat: 27400. Communications satellite. Launch delayed from mid-March. JCSAT 8 was a Boeing BSS-601 with a launch mass of 2600 kg and a dry mass around 1200 kg. It was to be used by Japan Satellite to replace JCSAT 2. As of 2007 Mar 10 located at 24.29E drifting at 0.020W degrees per day.References: 4, 552, 554.

• NSS 7 Nation: Netherlands. Program: Intelsat. Mass: 4,692 kg (10,344 lb). Class: Communications. Spacecraft: AS 2100. Agency: New Skies Satellites (International). Manufacturer: Lockheed Martin Commercial Space. Perigee: 35,782 km (22,233 mi). Apogee: 35,791 km (22,239 mi). Inclination: 0.00 deg. Period: 1,436.10 min. COSPAR: 2002-019A. USAF Sat Cat: 27414. Ariane mission V150 placed Lockheed Martin A2100-class satellite NSS 7 satellite into orbit. The satellite was owned by New Skies, an Intelsat spinoff, and carried a C/Ku band telecoms payload. The spacecraft was in a 24200 x 35706 km x 0.7 deg orbit by April 24, on its way to geosynchrnous orbit. As of 2007 Mar 9 located at 22.01W drifting at 0.010W degrees per day.References: 4, 552, 554.

• Intelsat 905 Nation: International. Program: Intelsat. Mass: 4,723 kg (10,412 lb). Class: Communications. Spacecraft: FS-1300. Agency: Intelsat. Manufacturer: Space Systems/Loral. Perigee: 35,776 km (22,230 mi). Apogee: 35,799 km (22,244 mi). Inclination: 0.10 deg. Period: 1,436.10 min. COSPAR: 2002-027A. USAF Sat Cat: 27438. Intelsat 905 was launched into a geostationary transfer orbit. The satellite had a mass of 1984 kg with 2739 kg of propellant and was built by Loral for the privatized Intelsat company. It was to be stationed over the Atlantic. The Intelsat 905 satellite used a new version of the venerable General Dynamics R-4D bipropellant engine, the R-4D-15 HiPAT (High Performance Apogee Thruster) with a thrust of 445N. The first two HiPATs were built by Marquardt/Van Nuys, but new ones were built at GD's Redmond site. By June 15, I-905 was in a 35642 x 35793 km x 0.1 deg geostationary drift orbit at 26 deg W. As of 2007 Mar 8 located at 24.48W drifting at 0.007W degrees per day.References: 4, 552, 554.

• Intelsat 906 Nation: International. Program: Intelsat. Mass: 4,723 kg (10,412 lb). Class: Communications. Spacecraft: FS-1300. Agency: Intelsat. Perigee: 35,765 km (22,223 mi). Apogee: 35,808 km (22,250 mi). Inclination: 0.00 deg. Period: 1,436.10 min. COSPAR: 2002-041A. USAF Sat Cat: 27513. Intelsat 906 was a geostationary communications spacecraft of the international Intelsat consortium (privatised as Intelsat Ltd.). It was to provide Internet, telephony, and television broadcasts to Europe, Asia, and Australia through its 72 C- and 22 Ku-band transponders after being parked over 64° E longitude. It replaced Intelsat 804 which was to then be moved to 176° E to handle the increased cross-Atlantic demand. As of 2007 Mar 10 located at 64.19E drifting at 0.001W degrees per day.References: 4, 552, 554.

• NSS 6 Nation: Netherlands. Program: Intelsat. Payload: A-2100AX. Mass: 4,575 kg (10,086 lb). Class: Communications. Spacecraft: AS 2100. Agency: New Skies Satellites (International). Manufacturer: Lockheed Martin Commercial Space. Perigee: 35,779 km (22,231 mi). Apogee: 35,796 km (22,242 mi). Inclination: 0.10 deg. Period: 1,436.10 min. COSPAR: 2002-057A. USAF Sat Cat: 27603. Launch delayed from late November, then December 12. The Dutch New Skies Satellites' NSS-6 telecommunications spacecraft was developed by Lockheed Martin Commercial Space Systems. It was to be positioned at 95 deg E to provide broadcasting and business services coverage of the Pacific Rim, Australia, India, the Middle East and southern Africa. As of 2007 Mar 11 located at 95.01E drifting at 0.008W degrees per day.References: 4, 552, 554.

• Intelsat 907 Nation: International. Program: Intelsat. Payload: LS-1300HL. Mass: 4,685 kg (10,328 lb). Class: Communications. Spacecraft: FS-1300. Agency: Intelsat. Manufacturer: Space Systems/Loral. Perigee: 35,785 km (22,235 mi). Apogee: 35,789 km (22,238 mi). Inclination: 0.00 deg. Period: 1,436.10 min. COSPAR: 2003-007A. USAF Sat Cat: 27683. Final Ariane 4 launch. Intelsat 907 was scheduled to be in service March 2003 and provide enhanced C-band coverage for the Americas, Africa and Europe and high-power Ku-band spot beam coverage for Europe and Africa. The satellite replaced Intelsat 605 at 332.5 deg E. With more than twice the Ku-band power, Intelsat 907 would support corporate broadcast distribution and broadband applications including high speed Internet access, multicasting and streaming. Users of the new satellite would require 1.0 m Ku-band antennae to access the satellite. Flexible transponder activation allowed use of Ku-Band for 14 out of 16 channels. With a total of up to 76 C-Band 36 MHz equivalent unit transponders, Intelsat 907 provided 19% more capacity than the satellite it replaced. C-band footprints included full coverage of South and Central America, broad coverage over Europe, Africa and the Middle East, and connectivity to North America. As of 2007 Mar 11 located at 27.53W drifting at 0.006W degrees per day.References: 554.

• McDowell, Jonathan, Jonathan's Space Home Page, Harvard University, 1997-present. Jonathan McDowell's complete on-line listing of all objects orbited and over 20,000 rocket launches Accessed at: http://www.planet4589.org/jsr.html.

• Isakowitz, Steven J,, International Reference to Space Launch Systems Second Edition, AIAA, Washington DC, 1991 (succeeded by 2000 edition). ISBN: 1563473534. Superseded by the later editions. More at amazon.com...

• Wilson, Andrew, editor,, Jane's/Interavia Space Directory, Jane's Information Group, Coulsdon, Surrey, 1992 et al. ISBN: 0710618107. The most comprehensive source of information for current space projects. Too expensive for human beings and most libraries. More at amazon.com...