Belier

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Model: Belier.
Centaure
Credit - via Andreas Parsch
Sounding rocket. Family: Belier. Other Family: Retired. Country: France. Status: Retired 1986.

Family of sounding rockets, developed by Sud Aviation, with the only or upper stage being variants of the Belier stage powered by a Jericho rocket motor. These were the most significant series of French civilian suborbital rockets. Manufacturing licenses were sold to India and Pakistan, becoming the basis of their rocket industries.

Sud Aviation's solid propellant sounding rockets, developed for CNET (Centre National d'Etudes des Telecommunications), used rocket motors developed for France's cancelled surface-to-air missile programs of the 1950's. An improved version of the Jericho 1 motor, originally developed as the sustainer stage of the MATRA R422 missile, was used for the single stage Belier rocket. The rocket was spin stabilised by small solid rocket engines on the four fins.

Manufacturer: Sud Aviation. Launches: 318. Failures: 18. Success Rate: 94.34%. First Launch Date: 1961-05-24. Last Launch Date: 1986-03-07. Launch data is: complete. Apogee: 109 km (67 mi). Liftoff Thrust: 0 N ( lbf). Total Mass: 400 kg (880 lb). Core Diameter: 0.31 m (1.01 ft). Total Length: 3.80 m (12.40 ft).

Model: Belier I. Family: Belier.

Basic Belier single stage vehicle, powered with a Jericho rocket motor loaded with 208 kg of 'Epictete' solid propellant with a specific impulse of 190 seconds.

Launches: 18. Failures: 3. First Launch Date: 1961-05-24. Last Launch Date: 1970-11-06. Payload: 30 kg (66 lb). Apogee: 80 km (49 mi). Liftoff Thrust: 20.000 kN (4,496 lbf). Total Mass: 313 kg (690 lb). Core Diameter: 0.31 m (1.01 ft). Total Length: 4.01 m (13.16 ft). Span: 0.78 m (2.57 ft).

Stage1: 1 x Dragon-2. Gross Mass: 300 kg (660 lb). Empty Mass: 100 kg (220 lb). Motor: 1 x SNP Jericho. Thrust (vac): 20.000 kN (4,496 lbf). Burn time: 23 sec. Length: 2.90 m (9.50 ft). Diameter: 0.31 m (1.01 ft). Propellants: Solid.

Model: Belier II. Family: Belier.

Improved Belier single stage vehicle, loaded with 'Plastolite' propellant with a 205 second specific impulse.

Payload: 30 kg (66 lb). Apogee: 130 km (80 mi). Liftoff Thrust: 21.500 kN (4,833 lbf). Total Mass: 352 kg (776 lb). Core Diameter: 0.31 m (1.01 ft). Total Length: 5.90 m (19.30 ft). Span: 0.78 m (2.57 ft).

Model: Belier III. Family: Belier.

Improved Belier single stage vehicle, using a Vega motor loaded with 230.5 kg of 'Isolane' propellant with a specific impulse of 240 seconds.

Manufacturer: SNECMA. Launches: 4. Failures: 1. First Launch Date: 1968-03-18. Last Launch Date: 1969-09-25. Apogee: 109 km (67 mi). Liftoff Thrust: 0 N ( lbf). Total Mass: 400 kg (880 lb). Core Diameter: 0.31 m (1.01 ft). Total Length: 3.80 m (12.40 ft).

Stage1: 1 x Belier III-1. Gross Mass: 300 kg (660 lb). Empty Mass: 100 kg (220 lb). Motor: 1 x Vega. Thrust (vac): 20.000 kN (4,496 lbf). Burn time: 23 sec. Length: 2.90 m (9.50 ft). Diameter: 0.31 m (1.01 ft). Propellants: Solid.

Model: Centaure. Family: Belier.

Two stage sounding rocket. The Belier I II, or III single stage sounding rocket was augmented by a Venus booster with 94 kg of solid propellant. The rocket was spin stabilised by small solid rocket engines on the four fins.

Launches: 185. Failures: 5. Success Rate: 97.30%. First Launch Date: 1961-05-27. Last Launch Date: 1986-03-07. Payload: 60 kg (132 lb). Apogee: 140 km (80 mi). Liftoff Thrust: 44.000 kN (9,891 lbf). Total Mass: 457 kg (1,007 lb). Core Diameter: 0.28 m (0.92 ft). Total Length: 6.02 m (19.75 ft). Span: 0.73 m (2.38 ft).

Model: Centaure 1. Family: Belier.

Launches: 9. First Launch Date: 1968-05-20. Last Launch Date: 1972-04-08. Apogee: 130 km (80 mi). Liftoff Thrust: 0 N ( lbf). Total Mass: 600 kg (1,320 lb). Core Diameter: 0.28 m (0.91 ft). Total Length: 5.90 m (19.30 ft).

Stage1: 1 x Centaure 2C-1. Gross Mass: 200 kg (440 lb). Empty Mass: 66 kg (145 lb). Motor: 1 x Venus. Thrust (vac): 44.000 kN (9,891 lbf). Burn time: 4.30 sec. Length: 2.00 m (6.50 ft). Diameter: 0.28 m (0.91 ft). Propellants: Solid.

Stage2: 1 x Dragon-2. Gross Mass: 300 kg (660 lb). Empty Mass: 100 kg (220 lb). Motor: 1 x SNP Jericho. Thrust (vac): 20.000 kN (4,496 lbf). Burn time: 23 sec. Length: 2.90 m (9.50 ft). Diameter: 0.31 m (1.01 ft). Propellants: Solid.

Model: Centaure 2A. Family: Belier.

Launches: 11. Failures: 1. First Launch Date: 1969-12-07. Last Launch Date: 1974-02-20. Apogee: 146 km (90 mi). Liftoff Thrust: 0 N ( lbf). Total Mass: 600 kg (1,320 lb). Core Diameter: 0.28 m (0.91 ft). Total Length: 5.90 m (19.30 ft).

Stage1: 1 x Centaure 2C-1. Gross Mass: 200 kg (440 lb). Empty Mass: 66 kg (145 lb). Motor: 1 x Venus. Thrust (vac): 44.000 kN (9,891 lbf). Burn time: 4.30 sec. Length: 2.00 m (6.50 ft). Diameter: 0.28 m (0.91 ft). Propellants: Solid.

Stage2: 1 x Centaure 2B-2. Gross Mass: 300 kg (660 lb). Empty Mass: 80 kg (176 lb). Motor: 1 x Belier II. Thrust (vac): 20.000 kN (4,496 lbf). Burn time: 23 sec. Length: 2.90 m (9.50 ft). Diameter: 0.31 m (1.01 ft). Propellants: Solid.

Model: Centaure 2B. Family: Belier.

Launches: 32. Failures: 2. Success Rate: 93.75%. First Launch Date: 1967-04-19. Last Launch Date: 1981-02-12. Apogee: 146 km (90 mi). Liftoff Thrust: 0 N ( lbf). Total Mass: 500 kg (1,100 lb). Core Diameter: 0.28 m (0.91 ft). Total Length: 6.30 m (20.60 ft).

Stage1: 1 x Centaure 2C-1. Gross Mass: 200 kg (440 lb). Empty Mass: 66 kg (145 lb). Motor: 1 x Venus. Thrust (vac): 44.000 kN (9,891 lbf). Burn time: 4.30 sec. Length: 2.00 m (6.50 ft). Diameter: 0.28 m (0.91 ft). Propellants: Solid.

Stage2: 1 x Centaure 2B-2. Gross Mass: 300 kg (660 lb). Empty Mass: 80 kg (176 lb). Motor: 1 x Belier II. Thrust (vac): 20.000 kN (4,496 lbf). Burn time: 23 sec. Length: 2.90 m (9.50 ft). Diameter: 0.31 m (1.01 ft). Propellants: Solid.

Model: Centaure 2C. Family: Belier.

Launches: 4. First Launch Date: 1974-09-12. Last Launch Date: 1975-03-07. Apogee: 146 km (90 mi). Liftoff Thrust: 0 N ( lbf). Total Mass: 600 kg (1,320 lb). Core Diameter: 0.28 m (0.91 ft). Total Length: 5.90 m (19.30 ft).

Stage1: 1 x Centaure 2C-1. Gross Mass: 200 kg (440 lb). Empty Mass: 66 kg (145 lb). Motor: 1 x Venus. Thrust (vac): 44.000 kN (9,891 lbf). Burn time: 4.30 sec. Length: 2.00 m (6.50 ft). Diameter: 0.28 m (0.91 ft). Propellants: Solid.

Stage2: 1 x Centaure 2B-2. Gross Mass: 300 kg (660 lb). Empty Mass: 80 kg (176 lb). Motor: 1 x Belier II. Thrust (vac): 20.000 kN (4,496 lbf). Burn time: 23 sec. Length: 2.90 m (9.50 ft). Diameter: 0.31 m (1.01 ft). Propellants: Solid.

Model: Dragon 1. Family: Stromboli.

Two stage sounding rocket. The Belier upper stage was augmented by a Stromboli booster with 686 kg of solid propellant. The rocket was spin stabilised by small solid rocket engines on the four fins.

Launches: 37. Failures: 5. Success Rate: 86.49%. First Launch Date: 1962-12-05. Last Launch Date: 1972-12-13. Payload: 60 kg (132 lb). Apogee: 475 km (295 mi). Liftoff Thrust: 75.000 kN (16,860 lbf). Total Mass: 1,157 kg (2,550 lb). Core Diameter: 0.56 m (1.82 ft). Total Length: 7.10 m (23.20 ft). Span: 1.23 m (4.02 ft).

Stage1: 1 x Stromboli. Gross Mass: 900 kg (1,980 lb). Empty Mass: 246 kg (542 lb). Motor: 1 x Stromboli. Thrust (vac): 75.000 kN (16,860 lbf). Burn time: 16 sec. Length: 3.00 m (9.80 ft). Diameter: 0.56 m (1.83 ft). Propellants: Solid.

Stage2: 1 x Dragon-2. Gross Mass: 300 kg (660 lb). Empty Mass: 100 kg (220 lb). Motor: 1 x SNP Jericho. Thrust (vac): 20.000 kN (4,496 lbf). Burn time: 23 sec. Length: 2.90 m (9.50 ft). Diameter: 0.31 m (1.01 ft). Propellants: Solid.

Model: Dragon 2B. Family: Stromboli.

Two stage vehicle consisting of 1 x Stromboli + 1 x Belier II

Launches: 11. First Launch Date: 1968-03-15. Last Launch Date: 1972-04-28. Apogee: 440 km (270 mi). Liftoff Thrust: 0 N ( lbf). Total Mass: 1,200 kg (2,600 lb). Core Diameter: 0.56 m (1.83 ft). Total Length: 7.00 m (22.90 ft).

Stage1: 1 x Stromboli. Gross Mass: 900 kg (1,980 lb). Empty Mass: 246 kg (542 lb). Motor: 1 x Stromboli. Thrust (vac): 75.000 kN (16,860 lbf). Burn time: 16 sec. Length: 3.00 m (9.80 ft). Diameter: 0.56 m (1.83 ft). Propellants: Solid.

Stage2: 1 x Centaure 2B-2. Gross Mass: 300 kg (660 lb). Empty Mass: 80 kg (176 lb). Motor: 1 x Belier II. Thrust (vac): 20.000 kN (4,496 lbf). Burn time: 23 sec. Length: 2.90 m (9.50 ft). Diameter: 0.31 m (1.01 ft). Propellants: Solid.

Model: Dragon 3. Family: Stromboli.

Two stage vehicle consisting of 1 x Stromboli + 1 x Belier III

Launches: 7. Failures: 1. First Launch Date: 1968-07-23. Last Launch Date: 1973-02-17. Payload: 60 kg (132 lb). Apogee: 560 km (340 mi). Liftoff Thrust: 97.000 kN (21,806 lbf). Total Mass: 1,190 kg (2,620 lb). Core Diameter: 0.56 m (1.83 ft). Total Length: 8.16 m (26.77 ft).

Stage1: 1 x Stromboli. Gross Mass: 900 kg (1,980 lb). Empty Mass: 246 kg (542 lb). Motor: 1 x Stromboli. Thrust (vac): 75.000 kN (16,860 lbf). Burn time: 16 sec. Length: 3.00 m (9.80 ft). Diameter: 0.56 m (1.83 ft). Propellants: Solid.

Stage2: 1 x Belier III-1. Gross Mass: 300 kg (660 lb). Empty Mass: 100 kg (220 lb). Motor: 1 x Vega. Thrust (vac): 20.000 kN (4,496 lbf). Burn time: 23 sec. Length: 2.90 m (9.50 ft). Diameter: 0.31 m (1.01 ft). Propellants: Solid.

Model: Pegase. Family: Belier.

2 stage vehicle with larger booster and Belier upper stage. Evidently not flown.

Payload: 60 kg (132 lb). Apogee: 1,000 km (600 mi). Total Mass: 2,047 kg (4,512 lb). Core Diameter: 0.56 m (1.83 ft). Total Length: 10.43 m (34.23 ft). Span: 1.55 m (5.10 ft).

Belier Chronology

1961 May 24 - Hammaguira Bacchus. LV Model: Belier I . Belier B05 Test mission Agency: CNET. Apogee: 60 km (37 mi).

1961 May 27 - Hammaguira Bacchus. Centaure C03 Test mission Agency: CNES. Apogee: 130 km (80 mi).

1961 May 29 - Hammaguira Bacchus. Centaure C04 Test mission Agency: CNES. Apogee: 130 km (80 mi).

1961 May 29 - Hammaguira Bacchus. LV Model: Belier I . Belier B06 Test mission Agency: CNET. Apogee: 60 km (37 mi).

1961 December 6 - Reggane -. Centaure C02 Aeronomy mission Agency: CNES. Apogee: 130 km (80 mi).

1961 December 6 - Hammaguira Bacchus. Centaure C06 Aeronomy mission Agency: CNES. Apogee: 130 km (80 mi).

1961 December 9 - Hammaguira Bacchus. Centaure C07 Aeronomy mission Agency: CNES. Apogee: 130 km (80 mi).

1961 December 9 - Reggane -. Centaure C05 Aeronomy mission Agency: CNES. Apogee: 130 km (80 mi).

1961 December 9 - Hammaguira Bacchus. Centaure C08 Aeronomy mission Agency: CNES. Apogee: 130 km (80 mi).

1962 May 9 - Ile du Levant -. LV Model: Belier I . Belier B02 FAILURE: Failure. Test mission Agency: CNES. Apogee: 0 km ( mi).

1962 May 15 - Ile du Levant -. LV Model: Belier I . Belier B03 FAILURE: Failure. Test mission Agency: CNES. Apogee: 0 km ( mi).

1962 May 16 - Ile du Levant -. LV Model: Belier I . Belier B04 Test mission Agency: CNES. Apogee: 60 km (37 mi).

1962 May 18 - Ile du Levant -. Centaure C10 Test mission Agency: CNES. Apogee: 130 km (80 mi).

1962 May 29 - Ile du Levant -. Centaure C12 Aeronomy mission Agency: CNES. Apogee: 130 km (80 mi).

1962 May 29 - Hammaguira Bacchus. Centaure C18 Aeronomy mission Agency: CNES. Apogee: 130 km (80 mi).

1962 May 29 - Ile du Levant -. LV Model: Belier I . Belier B07 Aeronomy mission Agency: CNES. Apogee: 60 km (37 mi).

1962 May 29 - Reggane -. Centaure C15 Aeronomy mission Agency: CNES. Apogee: 130 km (80 mi).

1962 June 5 - Reggane -. Centaure C16 Aeronomy mission Agency: CNES. Apogee: 130 km (80 mi).

1962 June 5 - Reggane -. Centaure C17 Aeronomy mission Agency: CNES. Apogee: 130 km (80 mi).

1962 June 5 - Ile du Levant -. Centaure C14 Aeronomy mission Agency: CNES. Apogee: 130 km (80 mi).

1962 June 5 - Hammaguira Bacchus. Centaure C09 Aeronomy mission Agency: CNES. Apogee: 130 km (80 mi).

1962 June 5 - Hammaguira Bacchus. Centaure C19 Aeronomy mission Agency: CNES. Apogee: 130 km (80 mi).

1962 June 6 - Hammaguira Bacchus. LV Model: Belier I . Belier B08 FAILURE: Failure. Aeronomy mission Agency: CNES. Apogee: 0 km ( mi).

1962 November 21 - Ile du Levant -. LV Model: Belier I . Belier B45 Aeronomy mission Agency: CNES. Apogee: 60 km (37 mi).

1962 November 22 - Ile du Levant -. LV Model: Belier I . Belier B41 Aeronomy mission Agency: CNES. Apogee: 60 km (37 mi).

1962 November 26 - Hammaguira Bacchus. Centaure C20 Aeronomy mission Agency: CNES. Apogee: 130 km (80 mi).

1962 November 27 - CELPA -. Centaure C30 Aeronomy mission Agency: CNES. Apogee: 130 km (80 mi).

1962 November 28 - Hammaguira Bacchus. Centaure C32 Aeronomy mission Agency: CNES. Apogee: 130 km (80 mi).

1962 November 30 - Hammaguira Bacchus. Centaure C11 Aeronomy mission Agency: CNES. Apogee: 130 km (80 mi).

1962 November 30 - CELPA -. Centaure C29 Aeronomy mission Agency: CNES. Apogee: 130 km (80 mi).

1962 November 30 - Ile du Levant -. Centaure C37 Aeronomy mission Agency: CNES. Apogee: 130 km (80 mi).

1962 November 30 - Hammaguira Bacchus. Centaure C26 Aeronomy mission Agency: CNES. Apogee: 130 km (80 mi).

1962 December 1 - Hammaguira Bacchus. Centaure C27 FAILURE: Failure. Aeronomy mission Agency: CNES. Apogee: 0 km ( mi).

1962 December 4 - Hammaguira -. Centaure C21 Aeronomy mission Agency: CNES. Apogee: 130 km (80 mi).

1962 December 5 - Hammaguira Bacchus. LV Model: Dragon 1 . Dragon D-03 FAILURE: Failure. Test mission Agency: CNES. Apogee: 80 km (49 mi).

1962 December 8 - CELPA -. Centaure C28 Aeronomy mission Agency: CNES. Apogee: 130 km (80 mi).

1962 December 9 - CELPA -. Centaure C31 Aeronomy mission Agency: CNES. Apogee: 130 km (80 mi).

1962 December 12 - Ile du Levant -. Centaure C24 Aeronomy mission Agency: CNES. Apogee: 130 km (80 mi).

1962 December 12 - Ile du Levant -. Centaure C25 Aeronomy mission Agency: CNES. Apogee: 130 km (80 mi).

1963 April 1 - Kerguelen -. Ionosphere mission Agency: CNES. Apogee: 130 km (80 mi).

1963 April 26 - Hammaguira Bacchus. LV Model: Dragon 1 . Dragon D-04 FAILURE: Failure. Test mission Agency: CNES. Apogee: 58 km (36 mi).

1963 May 6 - Hammaguira Bacchus. LV Model: Belier I . Belier B01 Radioactivity Aeronomy mission Agency: CNES. Apogee: 60 km (37 mi).

1963 May 14 - Hammaguira Bacchus. Centaure C51 Aeronomy mission Agency: CNES. Apogee: 150 km (90 mi).

1963 May 15 - 18:22 GMT - Hammaguira Bacchus. Centaure C42 MPE Ba-3 Aeronomy mission Agency: CNES. Apogee: 155 km (96 mi).

1963 May 21 - Reggane -. Centaure C45 Aeronomy mission Agency: CNES. Apogee: 150 km (90 mi).

1963 May 21 - Ile du Levant -. Centaure C48 Aeronomy mission Agency: CNES. Apogee: 150 km (90 mi).

1963 May 21 - 18:25 GMT - Hammaguira Bacchus. Centaure C43 MPE Ba-4 Aeronomy mission Agency: CNES. Apogee: 125 km (77 mi).

1963 May 24 - Hammaguira Bacchus. Centaure C41 Aeronomy mission Agency: CNES. Apogee: 150 km (90 mi).

1963 May 25 - CELPA -. Centaure C35 Sodium cloud Aeronomy mission Agency: CNES. Apogee: 189 km (117 mi).

1963 May 30 - CELPA -. Centaure C39 Aeronomy mission Agency: CNES. Apogee: 150 km (90 mi).

1963 May 30 - CELPA -. Centaure C36 Aeronomy mission Agency: CNES. Apogee: 150 km (90 mi).

1963 June 12 - Hammaguira Bacchus. Centaure C54 Aeronomy mission Agency: CNES. Apogee: 150 km (90 mi).

1963 June 13 - Hammaguira Bacchus. Centaure C55 Aeronomy mission Agency: CNES. Apogee: 150 km (90 mi).

1963 June 14 - Hammaguira Bacchus. Centaure C53 Aeronomy mission Agency: CNES. Apogee: 150 km (90 mi).

1963 July 24 - Ile du Levant -. LV Model: Belier I . Belier B73 Aeronomy mission Agency: CNES. Apogee: 60 km (37 mi).

1963 October 30 - Hammaguira Bacchus. LV Model: Dragon 1 . Dragon D-05 Test mission Agency: CNES. Apogee: 470 km (290 mi).

1964 February 9 - Hammaguira Bacchus. Centaure C13 Aeronomy mission Agency: CNES. Apogee: 170 km (100 mi).

1964 February 10 - Hammaguira Bacchus. LV Model: Dragon 1 . Dragon D-07 Test mission Agency: CNES. Apogee: 470 km (290 mi).

1964 February 12 - Hammaguira Bacchus. Centaure C56 Aeronomy mission Agency: CNES. Apogee: 150 km (90 mi).

1964 February 12 - Hammaguira Bacchus. Centaure C44 Aeronomy mission Agency: CNES. Apogee: 150 km (90 mi).

1964 February 12 - Hammaguira Bacchus. Centaure C52 Aeronomy mission Agency: CNES. Apogee: 150 km (90 mi).

1964 February 13 - Hammaguira Bacchus. Centaure C40 Aeronomy mission Agency: CNES. Apogee: 190 km (110 mi).

1964 February 13 - 05:00 GMT - Hammaguira Bacchus. Centaure C57 Aeronomy mission Agency: CNES. Apogee: 150 km (90 mi).

1964 February 14 - 04:37 GMT - Hammaguira Bacchus. Centaure C38 MPE Ba-5 Aeronomy mission Agency: CNES. Apogee: 190 km (110 mi).

1964 February 15 - 04:37 GMT - Hammaguira Bacchus. Centaure C34 MPE Ba-6 Aeronomy mission Agency: CNES. Apogee: 150 km (90 mi).

1964 April 11 - Hammaguira Bacchus. LV Model: Dragon 1 . Dragon D-09 FU-104B Probe / Na Aeronomy mission Agency: CNES. Apogee: 400 km (240 mi).

1964 April 11 - Hammaguira Bacchus. Centaure C58 Sodium / TMA release Aeronomy mission Agency: CNES. Apogee: 151 km (93 mi).

1964 April 13 - Hammaguira Bacchus. LV Model: Dragon 1 . Dragon D-06 FU-104B Probe / Na Aeronomy mission Agency: CNES. Apogee: 425 km (264 mi).

1964 April 13 - Hammaguira Bacchus. Centaure C59 Sodium / TMA release Aeronomy mission Agency: CNES. Apogee: 151 km (93 mi).

1964 May 4 - Hammaguira Bacchus. Centaure C60 CNET A test Agency: CNES. Apogee: 151 km (93 mi).

1964 May 8 - Hammaguira Bacchus. Centaure C33 CNET A test Agency: CNES. Apogee: 151 km (93 mi).

1964 May 10 - Hammaguira Bacchus. Centaure C22 Seddon Aeronomy mission Agency: CNES. Apogee: 151 km (93 mi).

1964 May 10 - Hammaguira Bacchus. Centaure C46 Sodium release Aeronomy mission Agency: CNES. Apogee: 151 km (93 mi).

1964 May 14 - Hammaguira Bacchus. Centaure C23 Seddon Aeronomy mission Agency: CNES. Apogee: 151 km (93 mi).

1964 August 1 - Vik -. LV Model: Dragon 1 . Dragon D-10 FU-125 ionosphere / particles Aeronomy /ionosphere mission Agency: CNES. Apogee: 440 km (270 mi).

1964 August 7 - Vik -. LV Model: Dragon 1 . Dragon D-11 FU-125 ionosphere / particles Aeronomy /ionosphere mission Agency: CNES. Apogee: 420 km (260 mi).

1964 October 5 - Hammaguira Bacchus. Centaure C62 CNET B test Agency: CNES. Apogee: 150 km (90 mi).

1964 October 7 - Hammaguira Bacchus. Centaure C63 CNET B test Agency: CNES. Apogee: 150 km (90 mi).

1964 October 29 - 23:18 GMT - Ile du Levant -. ESRO C02 / 1 Aeronomy mission Agency: ESRO. Apogee: 150 km (90 mi).

1964 November 4 - 08:31 GMT - CELPA -. Centaure C78 Aeronomy mission Agency: CNIE. Apogee: 175 km (108 mi).

1964 November 5 - Reggane -. Centaure C67 Sodium release Aeronomy mission Agency: CNES. Apogee: 150 km (90 mi).

1964 November 5 - Hammaguira Bacchus. Centaure C47 Sodium release Aeronomy mission Agency: CNES. Apogee: 150 km (90 mi).

1964 November 5 - Reggane -. Centaure C72 Sodium release Aeronomy mission Agency: CNES. Apogee: 150 km (90 mi).

1964 November 5 - Hammaguira Bacchus. Centaure C69 TMA Aeronomy mission Agency: CNES. Apogee: 150 km (90 mi).

1964 November 5 - Ile du Levant -. Centaure C64 TMA Aeronomy mission Agency: CNES. Apogee: 150 km (90 mi).

1964 November 5 - 23:16 GMT - CELPA -. Centaure C80 Aeronomy mission Agency: CNIE. Apogee: 176 km (109 mi).

1964 November 6 - Reggane -. Centaure C66 Sodium / TMA release Aeronomy mission Agency: CNES. Apogee: 150 km (90 mi).

1964 November 6 - Ile du Levant -. Centaure C71 TMA Aeronomy mission Agency: CNES. Apogee: 150 km (90 mi).

1964 November 6 - 08:31 GMT - CELPA -. Centaure C79 Aeronomy mission Agency: CINE. Apogee: 179 km (111 mi).

1964 November 10 - Ile du Levant -. LV Model: Belier I . Belier B69 Ozone Aeronomy mission Agency: CNES. Apogee: 60 km (37 mi).

1964 November 27 - 17:38 GMT - Hammaguira Bacchus. Centaure C75/EXP-9 MPE Ba-9 Aeronomy mission Agency: CNES. Apogee: 166 km (103 mi).

1964 November 30 - 17:37 GMT - Hammaguira Bacchus. Centaure C76/EXP-10 MPE Ba-10 Aeronomy mission Agency: CNES. Apogee: 207 km (128 mi).

1964 December 3 - 17:40 GMT - Hammaguira Bacchus. LV Model: Dragon 1 . Dragon D-16 FU-103B MPE Ba-11 Aeronomy mission Agency: CNES. Apogee: 390 km (240 mi).

1965 March 4 - Hammaguira Bacchus. Centaure C85 SINTRA pointing Solar mission Agency: CNES. Apogee: 120 km (70 mi).

1965 April 28 - 23:57 GMT - Thumba -. Centaure C99 TERLS-22? ISRO 15.02 Aeronomy / ionosphere mission Agency: ISRO. Apogee: 150 km (90 mi).

1965 May 1 - 23:43 GMT - Thumba -. Centaure C100 TERLS-23? ISRO 15.01 Ionosphere mission Agency: ISRO. Apogee: 140 km (80 mi).

1965 June 22 - Hammaguira Bacchus. Centaure C106 Cs Aeronomy mission Agency: CNES. Apogee: 150 km (90 mi).

1965 June 23 - Ile du Levant -. Centaure C65 Sodium release Aeronomy mission Agency: CNES. Apogee: 150 km (90 mi).

1965 June 23 - Hammaguira Bacchus. Centaure C61 Sodium release Aeronomy mission Agency: CNES. Apogee: 150 km (90 mi).

1965 June 23 - Hammaguira Bacchus. Centaure C50 TMA Aeronomy mission Agency: CNES. Apogee: 150 km (90 mi).

1965 June 23 - Ile du Levant -. Centaure C95 TMA Aeronomy mission Agency: CNES. Apogee: 150 km (90 mi).

1965 June 24 - Reggane -. Centaure C86 Aeronomy mission Agency: CNES. Apogee: 150 km (90 mi).

1965 June 24 - Ile du Levant -. Centaure C83 Sodium release Aeronomy mission Agency: CNES. Apogee: 150 km (90 mi).

1965 June 24 - Hammaguira Bacchus. Centaure C74 TMA Aeronomy mission Agency: CNES. Apogee: 150 km (90 mi).

1965 June 24 - Ile du Levant -. Centaure C84 TMA Aeronomy mission Agency: CNES. Apogee: 150 km (90 mi).

1965 August 24 - Vik -. LV Model: Dragon 1 . Dragon D-17 FU-146 / VLF Aeronomy /ionosphere mission Agency: CNES. Apogee: 440 km (270 mi).

1965 September 3 - Vik -. LV Model: Dragon 1 . Dragon D-18 FU-146 / VLF Aeronomy /ionosphere mission Agency: CNES. Apogee: 451 km (280 mi).

1965 November 18 - 17:45 GMT - Hammaguira Bechar. Centaure C119 MPE Ba-14 Aeronomy mission Agency: CNES. Apogee: 170 km (100 mi).

1965 November 19 - 17:45 GMT - Hammaguira Bechar. Centaure C120 MPE Ba-15 Aeronomy mission Agency: CNES. Apogee: 190 km (110 mi).

1965 November 20 - 17:53 GMT - Hammaguira Bechar. LV Model: Dragon 1 . Dragon D-8 MPE Ba-16? Aeronomy mission Agency: CNES. Apogee: 404 km (251 mi).

1965 November 25 - 04:40 GMT - CELPA -. Centaure C91 Aeronomy mission Agency: Argentina. Apogee: 175 km (108 mi).

1965 November 25 - 08:24 GMT - CELPA -. Centaure C93 Aeronomy mission Agency: Argentina. Apogee: 175 km (108 mi).

1965 November 26 - 08:24 GMT - CELPA -. Centaure C96 Aeronomy mission Agency: Argentina. Apogee: 175 km (108 mi).

1965 December 7 - 03:53 GMT - Salto di Quirra -. ESRO C07 / 1 Aeronomy mission Agency: ESRO. Apogee: 150 km (90 mi).

1965 December 11 - 04:05 GMT - Salto di Quirra -. ESRO C07 / 2 Aeronomy mission Agency: ESRO. Apogee: 159 km (98 mi).

1965 December 14 - 12:49 GMT - Salto di Quirra -. Centaure CE-6 ESRO C06 / 1 Solar x-ray mission Agency: ESRO. Apogee: 159 km (98 mi).

1965 December 16 - Hammaguira Bacchus. Centaure C94 Aeronomy mission Agency: CNES. Apogee: 150 km (90 mi).

1965 December 16 - Hammaguira Bacchus. Centaure C128 Ionosphere mission Agency: CNES. Apogee: 150 km (90 mi).

1965 December 16 - Hammaguira Bacchus. Centaure C131 Ionosphere mission Agency: CNES. Apogee: 150 km (90 mi).

1965 December 20 - Hammaguira Bacchus. Centaure C130 Ionosphere mission Agency: CNES. Apogee: 150 km (90 mi).

1966 January 8 - 13:11 GMT - Thumba -. Centaure C103 TERLS-35 ISRO 15.03 Aeronomy / ionosphere mission Agency: ISRO. Apogee: 150 km (90 mi).

1966 January 17 - 17:56 GMT - Hammaguira Bacchus. Centaure C127 Ionosphere mission Agency: CNES. Apogee: 124 km (77 mi).

1966 January 21 - 08:14 GMT - Hammaguira Bacchus. LV Model: Dragon 1 . Dragon D-21 FU-133 Sodium release Aeronomy mission Agency: CNES. Apogee: 500 km (310 mi).

1966 February 4 - 23:19 GMT - Andoya -. Centaure CE-16 ESRO C15 / 1 Aurora mission Agency: ESRO. Apogee: 120 km (70 mi).

1966 February 11 - 02:03 GMT - Andoya -. Centaure CE-15 FAILURE: Failure. ESRO C15 / 2 Aurora mission Agency: ESRO. Apogee: 20 km (12 mi).

1966 February 22 - 18:28 GMT - Andoya -. Centaure CE-13 ESRO C14 / 1 Aurora mission Agency: ESRO. Apogee: 115 km (71 mi).

1966 February 23 - 23:14 GMT - Andoya -. Centaure CE-14 ESRO C14 / 2 Aurora mission Agency: ESRO. Apogee: 117 km (72 mi).

1966 March 3 - 22:26 GMT - Hammaguira Bacchus. Centaure C77 Solar ultraviolet mission Agency: CNES. Apogee: 125 km (77 mi).

1966 March 9 - 22:20 GMT - Andoya -. Centaure CE-12 ESRO C13 / 1 Aurora mission Agency: ESRO. Apogee: 94 km (58 mi).

1966 March 10 - 22:25 GMT - Andoya -. Centaure CE-11 ESRO C13 / 2 Aurora mission Agency: ESRO. Apogee: 114 km (70 mi).

1966 March 24 - 16:45 GMT - Thumba -. Centaure C101 TERLS-40 ISRO 15.04 Aeronomy mission Agency: ISRO. Apogee: 163 km (101 mi).

1966 March 24 - 21:00 GMT - Thumba -. Centaure C102 TERLS-41 ISRO 15.05 Aeronomy mission Agency: ISRO. Apogee: 159 km (98 mi).

1966 May 4 - 02:00 GMT - Hammaguira Bacchus. LV Model: Dragon 1 . Dragon D-12 FU-130 Lyra alpha Aeronomy / chemical / lyra-alpha spectrometry mission Agency: CNES. Apogee: 440 km (270 mi).

1966 May 12 - 18:00 GMT - Hammaguira Bacchus. LV Model: Dragon 1 . Dragon D-13 FU-130 Lyra alpha Aeronomy mission Agency: CNES. Apogee: 464 km (288 mi).

1966 May 15 - 05:03 GMT - Nissaki-Karystos -. Centaure CE-5 ESRO C06 / 2 Solar x-ray mission Agency: ESRO. Apogee: 140 km (80 mi).

1966 May 20 - 09:30 GMT - Nissaki-Karystos -. Centaure CE-19 ESRO C22 / 1 Solar ultraviolet mission Agency: ESRO. Apogee: 118 km (73 mi).

1966 May 20 - 11:40 GMT - Koroni -. Centaure CE-20 ESRO C22 / 2 Solar ultraviolet mission Agency: ESRO. Apogee: 114 km (70 mi).

1966 May 23 - 05:26 GMT - Hammaguira Bacchus. LV Model: Dragon 1 . Dragon D-14 FU-131 Atomic Hydrogen Aeronomy mission Agency: CNES. Apogee: 460 km (280 mi).

1966 May 26 - 19:05 GMT - Andoya -. LV Model: Dragon 1 . Dragon D-20 FU-151 ionosphere / particles Ionosphere mission Agency: CNES. Apogee: 230 km (140 mi).

1966 June 1 - 00:12 GMT - Andoya -. LV Model: Dragon 1 . Dragon D-23 FU-153 ionosphere / particles Ionosphere / plasma / field mission Agency: CNES. Apogee: 380 km (230 mi).

1966 June 13 - 19:38 GMT - Hammaguira Bacchus. Centaure C68 Sodium release / Turbulence Aeronomy mission Agency: CNES. Apogee: 180 km (110 mi).

1966 June 14 - 14:27 GMT - Hammaguira Bacchus. LV Model: Dragon 1 . Dragon D-15 FU-131 Atomic Hydrogen Aeronomy mission Agency: CNES. Apogee: 480 km (290 mi).

1966 June 15 - 19:51 GMT - Hammaguira Bacchus. LV Model: Dragon 1 . Dragon D-22 FU-131 Sodium release Aeronomy mission Agency: CNES. Apogee: 500 km (310 mi).

1966 June 16 - Hammaguira Bacchus. Centaure C70 Sodium release / Turbulence Aeronomy mission Agency: CNES. Apogee: 150 km (90 mi).

1966 June 16 - 00:14 GMT - Andoya -. LV Model: Dragon 1 . Dragon D-19 FAILURE: Failure. FU-151 ionosphere / particles Ionosphere mission Agency: CNES. Apogee: 60 km (37 mi).

1966 July 20 - 17:01 GMT - Salto di Quirra -. ESRO B12 / 1 Ionosphere mission Agency: ESRO. Apogee: 65 km (40 mi).

1966 July 25 - Salto di Quirra -. ESRO B12 / 2 Ionosphere mission Agency: ESRO. Apogee: 60 km (37 mi).

1966 October 8 - Hammaguira Bacchus. Centaure C140 FU-109 test Agency: CNES. Apogee: 150 km (90 mi).

1966 October 17 - 22:51 GMT - Andoya -. LV Model: Dragon 1 . Dragon D-28 FU-165 Ions / Electric Field Ionosphere mission Agency: CNES. Apogee: 387 km (240 mi).

1966 November 14 - 11:28 GMT - Hammaguira Bacchus. Centaure C105 FU-167 Aeronomy mission Agency: CNES. Apogee: 150 km (90 mi).

1966 November 14 - 13:03 GMT - Hammaguira Bacchus. Centaure C139 FU-167 Aeronomy mission Agency: CNES. Apogee: 150 km (90 mi).

1966 November 19 - 23:42 GMT - Kiruna C. ESRO C21 / 1 Aurora / chemical release mission Agency: ESRO. Apogee: 123 km (76 mi).

1966 November 29 - 01:06 GMT - Kiruna C. Centaure CE-8 ESRO C9 / 2 Aurora mission Agency: ESRO. Apogee: 149 km (92 mi).

1966 November 30 - 22:04 GMT - Kiruna C. Centaure CE-7 ESRO C9 / 1 Aurora mission Agency: ESRO. Apogee: 147 km (91 mi).

1967 January 25 - 23:16 GMT - Dumont d'Urville -. LV Model: Dragon 1 . Dragon D-24 FU-145B ionosphere / particles Ionosphere mission Agency: CNES. Apogee: 340 km (210 mi).

1967 January 28 - 12:05 GMT - Dumont d'Urville -. LV Model: Dragon 1 . Dragon D-25 FU-151 ionosphere / particles Ionosphere mission Agency: CNES. Apogee: 310 km (190 mi).

1967 January 29 - 01:21 GMT - Dumont d'Urville -. LV Model: Dragon 1 . Dragon D-26 FU-151 ionosphere / particles Ionosphere mission Agency: CNES. Apogee: 320 km (190 mi).

1967 January 29 - 03:09 GMT - Dumont d'Urville -. LV Model: Dragon 1 . Dragon D-27 FU-151 ionosphere / particles Ionosphere mission Agency: CNES. Apogee: 340 km (210 mi).

1967 February 4 - 23:53 GMT - Kiruna C. Centaure CE-22 ESRO C21 / 2 Aurora / chemical release mission Agency: ESRO. Apogee: 126 km (78 mi).

1967 February 16 - 07:37 GMT - Kiruna C. Centaure CE-9 ESRO C10 / 1 Ionosphere mission Agency: ESRO. Apogee: 155 km (96 mi).

1967 February 22 - 07:12 GMT - Kiruna C. Centaure CE-10 ESRO C10 / 2 Ionosphere mission Agency: ESRO. Apogee: 158 km (98 mi).

1967 March 28 - Hammaguira Bacchus. Centaure C145 CNES C145 Aeronomy mission Agency: CNES. Apogee: 150 km (90 mi).

1967 April 19 - 06:14 GMT - Thumba -. Centaure C87 ISRO 45.01 Ionosphere mission Agency: ISRO. Apogee: 128 km (79 mi).

1967 April 19 - 16:19 GMT - Kiruna C. Centaure 2B CE-24/1 ESRO C24/1 test Agency: ESRO. Apogee: 123 km (76 mi).

1967 May 3 - 14:29 GMT - Sonmiani -. Centaure Rehbar 15 Aeronomy mission Agency: SUPARCO/CNES. Apogee: 150 km (90 mi).

1967 May 5 - 14:49 GMT - Sonmiani -. LV Model: Dragon 1 . Dragon D-33 Shahpar-1 test Agency: SUPARCO. Apogee: 423 km (262 mi).

1967 May 7 - 14:30 GMT - Sonmiani -. Centaure Rehbar 16 Aeronomy mission Agency: SUPARCO/CNES. Apogee: 150 km (90 mi).

1967 July 31 - 00:31 GMT - Kiruna C. Centaure 2B CE-30 ESRO C20 / 1 Aeronomy mission Agency: ESRO. Apogee: 127 km (78 mi).

1967 July 31 - 00:58 GMT - Kiruna C. Centaure 2B CE-31 ESRO C32 / 1 Meteorite mission Agency: ESRO. Apogee: 130 km (80 mi).

1967 October 4 - 13:12 GMT - Andoya -. LV Model: Dragon 1 . Dragon DE-35 ESRO D34 / 1 Solar x-ray / aeronomy mission Agency: ESRO. Apogee: 248 km (154 mi).

1967 October 7 - 10:32 GMT - Andoya -. LV Model: Dragon 1 . Dragon DE-30 ESRO D30 / 1 Solar x-ray / aeronomy mission Agency: ESRO. Apogee: 233 km (144 mi).

1967 October 10 - 14:01 GMT - Andoya -. LV Model: Dragon 1 . Dragon DE-36 FAILURE: Failure. ESRO D34 / 2 Solar x-ray / aeronomy mission Agency: ESRO. Apogee: 1.00 km (0.60 mi).

1967 November 7 - CELPA -. Centaure C92 Aeronomy mission? Agency: CNES?. Apogee: 150 km (90 mi).

1967 November 24 - 01:37 GMT - Kiruna C. Centaure 2B CE-36 FAILURE: Failure. ESRO C13 / P Ionosphere mission Agency: ESRO. Apogee: 160 km (90 mi).

1967 November 26 - 20:44 GMT - Kiruna C. Centaure CE-17 ESRO C31 / 1 Ionosphere mission Agency: ESRO. Apogee: 125 km (77 mi).

1967 December 6 - 21:21 GMT - Kiruna C. Centaure CE-2 ESRO C31 / 2 Ionosphere mission Agency: ESRO. Apogee: 129 km (80 mi).

1968 February 1 - 05:42 GMT - Kiruna C. Centaure CE-34 ESRO C36 / 1 Aeronomy mission Agency: ESRO. Apogee: 150 km (90 mi).

1968 February 2 - 13:40 GMT - Thumba -. Centaure C90 ISRO 15.06 Aeronomy mission Agency: ISRO. Apogee: 159 km (98 mi).

1968 February 4 - 05:33 GMT - Kiruna C. Centaure CE-35 ESRO C36 / 2 Aeronomy mission Agency: ESRO. Apogee: 146 km (90 mi).

1968 February 14 - Biscarosse -. LV Model: Dragon 1 . Dragon D-32 FU-172 Solar Helium Solar ultraviolet mission Agency: CNES. Apogee: 440 km (270 mi).

1968 February 21 - 19:40 GMT - Thumba -. ISRO 25.02 Aeronomy mission Agency: ISRO. Apogee: 136 km (84 mi).

1968 February 22 - 11:25 GMT - Thumba -. Centaure C89? ISRO 25.01 Aeronomy mission Agency: ISRO. Apogee: 153 km (95 mi).

1968 February 22 - 11:55 GMT - Thumba -. Centaure C88 Aeronomy mission Agency: ISRO. Apogee: 154 km (95 mi).

1968 March 6 - 21:35 GMT - Kiruna C. Centaure CE-37 ESRO C14 / P Ionosphere mission Agency: ESRO. Apogee: 155 km (96 mi).

1968 March 15 - 03:43 GMT - Kerguelen -. Dragon 2B D-251A FU-171 VLF / Ions Ionosphere mission Agency: CNES. Apogee: 400 km (240 mi).

1968 March 18 - Biscarosse -. Belier III 301 FAILURE: Failure. Test mission Agency: CNES. Apogee: 0 km ( mi).

1968 March 23 - 14:05 GMT - Sonmiani -. Centaure Rehbar 17 Aeronomy mission Agency: SUPARCO. Apogee: 131 km (81 mi).

1968 March 27 - 07:55 GMT - Kerguelen -. Dragon 2B D-252 FU-171 VLF / Ions Ionosphere mission Agency: CNES. Apogee: 400 km (240 mi).

1968 March 29 - 14:20 GMT - Sonmiani -. LV Model: Dragon 1 . Dragon D-34 Shahpar-2 test Agency: SUPARCO. Apogee: 420 km (260 mi).

1968 April 1 - 03:26 GMT - Kerguelen -. Dragon 2B D-253 FU-171 VLF / Ions Ionosphere mission Agency: CNES. Apogee: 416 km (258 mi).

1968 April 3 - 00:38 GMT - Sonmiani -. Centaure Rehbar 18 Aeronomy mission Agency: SUPARCO. Apogee: 119 km (73 mi).

1968 May 8 - 11:47 GMT - Salto di Quirra -. Centaure CE-46 ESRO C33 / 1 Ionosphere mission Agency: ESRO. Apogee: 53 km (32 mi).

1968 May 14 - Salto di Quirra -. Belier III 306 Test mission Agency: ESRO/CNES. Apogee: 130 km (80 mi).

1968 May 15 - 11:24 GMT - Salto di Quirra -. Centaure CE-47 ESRO C33 / 2 Ionosphere mission Agency: ESRO. Apogee: 80 km (49 mi).

1968 May 20 - 15:51 GMT - Kiruna C. Centaure 1 CE-38 ESRO C42 / 1 Meteorites mission Agency: ESRO. Apogee: 135 km (83 mi).

1968 May 22 - 16:28 GMT - Salto di Quirra -. LV Model: Dragon 1 . Dragon D-31 FAILURE: Failure. ESRO D30 / 2 Ionosphere / solar x-rays mission Agency: ESRO. Apogee: 225 km (139 mi).

1968 June 7 - 15:25 GMT - Kiruna C. Centaure 1 CE-44 ESRO C42 / 2 Meteorites mission Agency: ESRO. Apogee: 138 km (85 mi).

1968 June 8 - 21:01 GMT - Kiruna C. Centaure 2B CE-32 ESRO C32 / 2 Meteorites mission Agency: ESRO. Apogee: 135 km (83 mi).

1968 July 23 - Biscarosse -. Dragon 3 D-301 FU-188 Technology test Agency: CNES. Apogee: 562 km (349 mi).

1968 July 30 - 22:53 GMT - Kiruna C. Centaure CE-31 ESRO C20 / 2 Aeronomy mission Agency: ESRO. Apogee: 135 km (83 mi).

1968 October 8 - 11:42 GMT - Kiruna C. Centaure 2B CE-48 ESRO C35 / 1 X-ray astronomy mission Agency: ESRO. Apogee: 140 km (80 mi).

1968 October 15 - 16:32 GMT - Kiruna C. Centaure 2B CE-39 ESRO C45 / 1 Aeronomy mission Agency: ESRO. Apogee: 160 km (90 mi).

1968 November 1 - 04:40 GMT - Kiruna C. Centaure 2B CE-50 ESRO C45 / 2 Aeronomy mission Agency: ESRO. Apogee: 167 km (103 mi).

1968 November 3 - 01:42 GMT - Andoya -. Dragon 2B D-254 FU-182 Ions / Electric field Ionosphere mission Agency: CNES. Apogee: 414 km (257 mi).

1968 November 3 - 03:19 GMT - Thumba -. ISRO 35.01 X-ray astronomy mission Agency: ISRO. Apogee: 159 km (98 mi).

1969 February 6 - 10:30 GMT - Biscarosse -. Dragon 2B D-258 FU-180 Mass spectrometer F1 Ionosphere mission Agency: CNES. Apogee: 430 km (260 mi).

1969 February 6 - 13:45 GMT - Biscarosse -. Dragon 2B D-257 FU-180 Mass spectrometer F2 Ionosphere mission Agency: CNES. Apogee: 405 km (251 mi).

1969 February 6 - 22:20 GMT - Biscarosse -. Dragon 2B D-256 FU-180 Mass spectrometer F3 Ionosphere mission Agency: CNES. Apogee: 430 km (260 mi).

1969 February 7 - 01:22 GMT - Biscarosse -. Dragon 2B D-259 FU-180 Mass spectrometer F4 Ionosphere mission Agency: CNES. Apogee: 413 km (256 mi).

1969 February 9 - 13:46 GMT - Sonmiani -. Centaure Rehbar 19 FAILURE: Failure. Aeronomy mission Agency: SUPARCO. Apogee: 55 km (34 mi).

1969 February 13 - 13:48 GMT - Sonmiani -. Centaure Rehbar 20 FAILURE: Failure. Aeronomy mission Agency: SUPARCO. Apogee: 12 km (7 mi).

1969 February 25 - 16:33 GMT - Andoya -. Centaure 2B CE ESRO C49 / 1 (R3) Aurora mission Agency: ESRO. Apogee: 136 km (84 mi).

1969 February 25 - 23:50 GMT - Andoya -. Centaure 2B CE ESRO C49 / 2 Aurora mission Agency: ESRO. Apogee: 128 km (79 mi).

1969 February 26 - 10:00 GMT - Thumba -. Centaure ISRO-45.002 ISRO 45.02 Ionosphere mission Agency: ISRO. Apogee: 145 km (90 mi).

1969 March 6 - Kourou ALFS. Belier III 304 Test mission Agency: CNES. Apogee: 100 km (60 mi).

1969 March 15 - 22:31 GMT - Kiruna C. Centaure C52/1 ESRO C52 / 1 Aurora mission Agency: ESRO. Apogee: 136 km (84 mi).

1969 March 17 - 12:09 GMT - Kourou ALFS. LV Model: Dragon 1 . Dragon D-29 FU-172 Solar EUV 1 Solar extreme ultraviolet mission Agency: CNES. Apogee: 410 km (250 mi).

1969 March 31 - 14:18 GMT - Sonmiani -. Centaure 2B SUP Rehnuma 1 Aeronomy mission Agency: SUPARCO. Apogee: 138 km (85 mi).

1969 April 13 - 00:33 GMT - Andoya -. Dragon 2B D-255 FU-182 Ions / Electric field Ionosphere mission Agency: CNES. Apogee: 399 km (247 mi).

1969 April 14 - 18:15 GMT - Kiruna C. Centaure C39/1 FAILURE: Failure. ESRO C39 / 1 Aurora mission Agency: ESRO. Apogee: 5.00 km (3.10 mi).

1969 April 15 - 11:03 GMT - Kiruna C. Centaure C39/2 ESRO C39 / 2 Aurora mission Agency: ESRO. Apogee: 134 km (83 mi).

1969 April 17 - 21:48 GMT - Andoya -. Dragon 2B D-260 FU-190 E field / Barium release Ionosphere / barium release mission Agency: CNES. Apogee: 329 km (204 mi).

1969 April 19 - Kourou ALFS. LV Model: Belier I . Belier B116 Test mission Agency: CNES. Apogee: 60 km (37 mi).

1969 April 26 - Kourou ALFS. Dragon 3 D-302 FU-188 Technology test Agency: CNES. Apogee: 410 km (250 mi).

1969 May 27 - Biscarosse -. Dragon 3 D-303 FAILURE: Failure. FU-192 Plasma Ionosphere mission Agency: CNES. Apogee: 100 km (60 mi).

1969 June 5 - 19:28 GMT - Kiruna C. Centaure C35/2 ESRO C35 / 2 X-ray astronomy mission Agency: ESRO. Apogee: 130 km (80 mi).

1969 July 10 - 12:31 GMT - Ile du Levant -. Centaure 1 C81 CNES C81 Aeronomy mission Agency: CNES. Apogee: 109 km (67 mi).

1969 July 10 - 17:50 GMT - Ile du Levant -. Centaure 1 C82 CNES C82 Aeronomy mission Agency: CNES. Apogee: 114 km (70 mi).

1969 August 11 - 01:30 GMT - Kiruna C. Centaure C51/1 ESRO C51 / 1 Aeronomy mission Agency: ESRO. Apogee: 112 km (69 mi).

1969 August 14 - 02:01 GMT - Kiruna C. Centaure C58/1 ESRO C58 / 1 Meteorites mission Agency: ESRO. Apogee: 112 km (69 mi).

1969 August 18 - Kourou ALFS. LV Model: Belier I . Belier B117 Test mission Agency: CNES. Apogee: 67 km (41 mi).

1969 September 20 - 20:00 GMT - Thumba -. LV Model: Dragon 1 . Dragon D-39 ISRO 26.01 Ionosphere mission Agency: ISRO. Apogee: 400 km (240 mi).

1969 September 25 - Biscarosse -. Belier III B307 CRAPEL/ELECTRE re-entry vehicle test flight Agency: ONERA. Apogee: 60 km (37 mi).

1969 October 10 - 20:01 GMT - Kiruna C. Centaure C52/2 ESRO C52 / 2 Aurora mission Agency: ESRO. Apogee: 135 km (83 mi).

1969 November 18 - 13:34 GMT - Biscarosse -. Dragon 3 D-304 FU-192 Plasma Ionosphere mission Agency: CNES. Apogee: 475 km (295 mi).

1969 November 27 - 05:29 GMT - Kiruna C. Centaure C62/1 ESRO C62 / 1 Aurora mission Agency: ESRO. Apogee: 160 km (90 mi).

1969 November 27 - 06:31 GMT - Kiruna C. Centaure C62/2 ESRO C62 / 2 Aurora mission Agency: ESRO. Apogee: 164 km (101 mi).

1969 December 7 - 00:35 GMT - Thumba -. Centaure 2A ISRO-45.003 ISRO 45.03 Test / ionosphere / x-ray astronomy mission Agency: ISRO. Apogee: 123 km (76 mi).

1970 February 3 - Kourou ALFS. LV Model: Belier I . Belier B139 Test mission Agency: CNES. Apogee: 64 km (39 mi).

1970 February 4 - 05:26 GMT - Kiruna C. Centaure C57/1 ESRO C57 / 1 Aeronomy mission Agency: ESRO. Apogee: 172 km (106 mi).

1970 February 23 - 16:50 GMT - Kiruna C. Centaure C37/1 ESRO C37 / 1 MPE Ba Ionosphere / barium release mission Agency: ESRO. Apogee: 210 km (130 mi).

1970 April 3 - 01:22 GMT - Kiruna C. Centaure C57/2 ESRO C57 / 2 Aeronomy mission Agency: ESRO. Apogee: 173 km (107 mi).

1970 May 6 - 22:26 GMT - Mar Chiquita -. LV Model: Dragon 1 . Dragon D-37 Electron density Test / plasma / fields mission Agency: CNES. Apogee: 430 km (260 mi).

1970 June 7 - 07:26 GMT - Kiruna C. Centaure C48/1 ESRO C48 / 1 Solar ultraviolet mission Agency: ESRO. Apogee: 162 km (100 mi).

1970 August 9 - 23:40 GMT - Kiruna C. Centaure C58/2 ESRO C58 / 2 Ionosphere / meteorites mission Agency: ESRO. Apogee: 114 km (70 mi).

1970 August 10 - 00:50 GMT - Kiruna C. Centaure C51/2 ESRO C51 / 2 Aeronomy mission Agency: ESRO. Apogee: 154 km (95 mi).

1970 August 19 - 11:03 GMT - Kiruna C. Centaure C48/2 ESRO C48 / 2 Solar ultraviolet mission Agency: ESRO. Apogee: 163 km (101 mi).

1970 October 6 - 10:50 GMT - Biscarosse -. Dragon 3 D-305 EIDI-1 Ionosphere mission Agency: CNES. Apogee: 480 km (290 mi).

1970 October 22 - 08:23 GMT - Biscarosse -. Dragon 3 D-306 EIDI-2 Ionosphere mission Agency: CNES. Apogee: 480 km (290 mi).

1970 November 6 - Kourou ALFS. LV Model: Belier I . Belier B140 FU-191 Range test Agency: CNES. Apogee: 58 km (36 mi).

1971 January 7 - 00:27 GMT - Thumba -. Centaure 2A ISRO 5.12 FAILURE: Failure. ISRO 5.12 Recovery Test / aeronomy mission Agency: ISRO. Apogee: 10 km (6 mi).

1971 January 17 - 14:48 GMT - Kiruna C. Centaure C37/2 ESRO C37 / 2 MPE Ba Ionosphere / barium release mission Agency: ESRO. Apogee: 215 km (133 mi).

1971 January 25 - 12:38 GMT - Kiruna C. Centaure C60/1 ESRO C60 / 1 Chemical release / particles mission Agency: ESRO. Apogee: 175 km (108 mi).

1971 January 26 - 10:50 GMT - Kiruna C. Centaure C60/2 ESRO C60 / 2 Chemical release / particles mission Agency: ESRO. Apogee: 167 km (103 mi).

1971 January 27 - 23:02 GMT - Kiruna C. Centaure C78/1 ESRO C78 / 1 Aurora mission Agency: ESRO. Apogee: 140 km (80 mi).

1971 April 26 - 19:34 GMT - El Arenosillo -. Centaure C136 INTA C-7101 Aeronomy mission Agency: CNES. Apogee: 129 km (80 mi).

1971 May 26 - 20:00 GMT - El Arenosillo -. Centaure C141 INTA C-7102 Aeronomy /ionosphere mission Agency: CNES. Apogee: 128 km (79 mi).

1971 May 27 - 04:36 GMT - El Arenosillo -. Centaure C137 INTA C-7103 Aeronomy mission Agency: CNES. Apogee: 127 km (78 mi).

1971 May 27 - 20:00 GMT - El Arenosillo -. Centaure C142 INTA C-7104 Aeronomy mission Agency: CNES. Apogee: 103 km (64 mi).

1971 July 31 - 00:21 GMT - Kiruna C. Centaure C59/1 ESRO C59/1 Aeronomy mission Agency: ESRO. Apogee: 120 km (70 mi).

1971 August 1 - 00:09 GMT - Kiruna C. Centaure C59/2 ESRO C59/2 Aeronomy mission Agency: ESRO. Apogee: 119 km (73 mi).

1971 September 13 - Kourou ALFS. Centaure 1 C133 CNES C133 Aeronomy mission Agency: CNES. Apogee: 150 km (90 mi).

1971 September 19 - 22:00 GMT - Kourou ALFS. Centaure 1 C146 CNES C146 Aeronomy mission Agency: CNES. Apogee: 150 km (90 mi).

1971 September 19 - 22:00 GMT - Kourou ALFS. Centaure 1 C132 CNES C132 Aeronomy mission Agency: CNES. Apogee: 150 km (90 mi).

1971 October 18 - 14:00 GMT - Kourou ALFS. Centaure C154 CNES C154 / ISRO 5.13? Recovery test Agency: ISRO. Apogee: 150 km (90 mi).

1971 November 22 - 20:07 GMT - Kiruna C. Centaure 2A CE-67 ESRO C78 / 2 Aurora mission Agency: ESRO. Apogee: 138 km (85 mi).

1972 January 21 - 19:02 GMT - Kiruna C. Centaure C76/1 ESRO C76/1 Particles/Auroral mission Agency: ESRO. Apogee: 130 km (80 mi).

1972 January 22 - 00:58 GMT - Kiruna C. Centaure C76/2 ESRO C76/2 Particles/Auroral mission Agency: ESRO. Apogee: 131 km (81 mi).

1972 April 7 - 14:20 GMT - Sonmiani -. Centaure 1 Rehbar 23 Aeronomy / ionosphere mission Agency: SUPARCO. Apogee: 150 km (90 mi).

1972 April 8 - 14:18 GMT - Sonmiani -. Centaure 1 Rehbar 24 Aeronomy / ionosphere mission Agency: SUPARCO. Apogee: 150 km (90 mi).

1972 April 28 - 00:10 GMT - Sonmiani -. Dragon 2B SUP Shahpar-3 Test / ionosphere mission Agency: SUPARCO. Apogee: 400 km (240 mi).

1972 August 12 - 02:15 GMT - Thumba -. Centaure ISRO 5.14 ISRO 5.14 Ionosphere mission Agency: ISRO. Apogee: 150 km (90 mi).

1972 August 17 - 10:02 GMT - Thumba -. Centaure ISRO 5.16 ISRO 5.16 Ionosphere mission Agency: ISRO. Apogee: 151 km (93 mi).

1972 October 13 - 18:57 GMT - Thumba -. Centaure 2A ISRO 5.17 ISRO 5.17 Fields mission Agency: ISRO. Apogee: 120 km (70 mi).

1972 December 13 - 05:18 GMT - CELPA -. LV Model: Dragon 1 . Dragon D-38 FU-206 Protons / electrons Ionosphere / geocorona mission Agency: CNES. Apogee: 380 km (230 mi).

1973 January 21 - 09:40 GMT - Thumba -. Centaure 2A ISRO 5.15 ISRO 5.15 Fields mission Agency: ISRO. Apogee: 165 km (102 mi).

1973 February 2 - 19:05 GMT - Thumba -. Centaure 2A ISRO 5.18 ISRO 5.18 CO.07 Ionosphere mission Agency: ISRO. Apogee: 147 km (91 mi).

1973 February 17 - 23:57 GMT - Biscarosse -. FU-211 EIDI-3 Ionosphere mission Agency: CNES. Apogee: 460 km (280 mi).

1973 March 3 - 06:05 GMT - Thumba -. Centaure 2A ISRO 5.19 ISRO 5.19 Fields mission Agency: ISRO/CNES. Apogee: 125 km (77 mi).

1973 April 11 - 17:50 GMT - Thumba -. Centaure 2A ISRO 5.20 ISRO 5.20 Fields mission Agency: ISRO. Apogee: 151 km (93 mi).

1973 July 4 - 01:15 GMT - Thumba -. Centaure 2A ISRO 5.21 ISRO 5.21 Fields mission Agency: ISRO. Apogee: 150 km (90 mi).

1974 February 20 - 17:01 GMT - Kiruna C. Centaure 2A (ESRO) C111/1 SSC C111 / 1 Aurora mission Agency: SSC. Apogee: 155 km (96 mi).

1974 February 20 - 18:22 GMT - Kiruna C. Centaure 2A (ESRO) C111/2 SSC C111 / 2 Aurora mission Agency: SSC. Apogee: 152 km (94 mi).

1974 September 12 - Kourou ALFS. Centaure 2C (ESRO) C99/1 NO-II-1 Aeronomy mission Agency: CNES. Apogee: 140 km (80 mi).

1974 September 12 - Kourou ALFS. Centaure 2C (ESRO) C99/2 NO-II-2 Aeronomy mission Agency: CNES. Apogee: 140 km (80 mi).

1974 September 13 - Kourou ALFS. Centaure 2C (ESRO) C99/3 NO-II-3 Aeronomy mission Agency: CNES. Apogee: 140 km (80 mi).

1975 February 9 - 05:50 GMT - Thumba -. Centaure ISRO 5.23 CE-1 ISRO 5.23 Ionosphere mission Agency: ISRO. Apogee: 150 km (90 mi).

1975 February 19 - 05:35 GMT - Thumba -. Centaure ISRO 5.25 CE-4 ISRO 5.25 CO.04 Ionosphere mission Agency: ISRO. Apogee: 160 km (90 mi).

1975 February 19 - 09:04 GMT - Thumba -. Centaure ISRO 5.24 CE-2 ISRO 5.24 Ionosphere mission Agency: ISRO. Apogee: 164 km (101 mi).

1975 March 7 - 00:22 GMT - Kiruna C. Centaure 2C SSC S13 SSC S13 Aeronomy mission Agency: SSC. Apogee: 109 km (67 mi).

1975 April 21 - 08:11 GMT - Thumba -. Centaure ISRO 5.26 ISRO 5.26 CO.22 Ionosphere mission Agency: ISRO. Apogee: 157 km (97 mi).

1975 April 21 - 17:30 GMT - Thumba -. Centaure ISRO 5.27 ISRO 5.27 CO.21 Ionosphere mission Agency: ISRO. Apogee: 156 km (96 mi).

1976 February 29 - 13:04 GMT - Thumba -. Centaure 2B ISRO 5.29 ISRO 5.29 Aeronomy / ionosphere mission Agency: ISRO. Apogee: 56 km (34 mi).

1976 March 24 - 00:40 GMT - Thumba -. Centaure 2B ISRO 5.30 ISRO 5.30 Ionosphere / fields mission Agency: ISRO. Apogee: 142 km (88 mi).

1976 March 26 - 01:25 GMT - Thumba -. Centaure 2B ISRO 5.31 ISRO 5.31 Ionosphere / fields mission Agency: ISRO. Apogee: 139 km (86 mi).

1976 April 18 - 23:55 GMT - Thumba -. Centaure 2B ISRO 5.32 ISRO 5.32 Aeronomy / ionosphere mission Agency: ISRO. Apogee: 152 km (94 mi).

1976 July 27 - 04:45 GMT - Thumba -. Centaure 2B ISRO 5.33 ISRO 5.33 test Agency: ISRO. Apogee: 97 km (60 mi).

1976 October 8 - 17:44 GMT - Thumba -. Centaure 2B ISRO 5.34 ISRO 5.34 Plasma mission Agency: ISRO. Apogee: 120 km (70 mi).

1976 October 14 - 17:17 GMT - Thumba -. Centaure 2B ISRO 5.35 FAILURE: Failure. ISRO 5.35 Plasma mission Agency: ISRO. Apogee: 0 km ( mi).

1976 October 27 - 16:29 GMT - Thumba -. Centaure 2B ISRO 5.36 C.34 ISRO 5.36 C-300 X-ray astronomy mission Agency: ISRO. Apogee: 148 km (91 mi).

1976 November 18 - 04:25 GMT - Thumba -. Centaure 2B ISRO 5.37 ISRO 5.37 Ionosphere mission Agency: ISRO. Apogee: 128 km (79 mi).

1977 June 4 - 05:58 GMT - Thumba -. Centaure 2B ISRO ISRO CO.40 Ionosphere mission Agency: ISRO. Apogee: 150 km (90 mi).

1977 December 12 - El Arenosillo -. Centaure C-3-2 Ionosphere mission Agency: INTA. Apogee: 150 km (90 mi).

1977 December 16 - El Arenosillo -. Centaure C-3-2 Ionosphere mission Agency: INTA. Apogee: 150 km (90 mi).

1978 February 21 - 09:22 GMT - Thumba -. Centaure 2B ISRO ISRO CO.47 Ionosphere mission Agency: ISRO. Apogee: 150 km (90 mi).

1978 December 20 - 20:45 GMT - Thumba -. Centaure 2B ISRO ISRO C.51 Ionosphere mission Agency: ISRO. Apogee: 160 km (90 mi).

1978 December 21 - 00:45 GMT - Thumba -. Centaure 2B ISRO ISRO CO.52 Ionosphere mission Agency: ISRO. Apogee: 135 km (83 mi).

1979 November 15 - Thumba -. AST 2 Technology test Agency: ISRO. Apogee: 148 km (91 mi).

1980 February 16 - 09:24 GMT - Thumba -. Centaure 2B ISRO 5.60 Eclipse D1 Eclipse ionosphere mission Agency: ISRO. Apogee: 140 km (80 mi).

1980 February 16 - 09:52 GMT - Thumba -. Centaure 2B ISRO 5.61 Eclipse D2 Eclipse ionosphere mission Agency: ISRO. Apogee: 140 km (80 mi).

1980 February 16 - 13:25 GMT - Thumba -. Centaure 2B ISRO 5.63 Eclipse Ba / Li Eclipse aeronomy mission Agency: ISRO. Apogee: 140 km (80 mi).

1980 February 17 - Thumba -. Centaure 2B ISRO 5.65/C.59 NO Photometer Aeronomy mission Agency: ISRO. Apogee: 150 km (90 mi).

1980 February 17 - 09:52 GMT - Thumba -. Centaure 2B ISRO 5.64 Eclipse D3 Eclipse ionosphere mission Agency: ISRO. Apogee: 140 km (80 mi).

1980 February 18 - 01:50 GMT - Thumba -. O3 Photometer Aeronomy mission Agency: ISRO. Apogee: 100 km (60 mi).

1981 February 4 - 05:00 GMT - Thumba -. Centaure ISRO C.76 Langmuir / E Field Ionosphere mission Agency: ISRO. Apogee: 150 km (90 mi).

1981 February 12 - 05:27 GMT - Thumba -. Centaure 2B ISRO C.77 Langmuir / E Field Ionosphere mission Agency: ISRO. Apogee: 158 km (98 mi).

1982 January 30 - 05:59 GMT - Thumba -. Centaure ISRO C.73 Langmuir / E Field Ionosphere mission Agency: ISRO. Apogee: 150 km (90 mi).

1986 March 7 - 05:00 GMT - Thumba -. D-region ionization comparison Aeronomy mission Agency: ISRO. Apogee: 140 km (80 mi).

Media Gallery for Belier


	Dragon		dragonse.jpg 217 x 400 16.4 kb Credit: via Jean-Jacques Serra

Bibliography:

McDowell, Jonathan, Jonathan's Space Home Page (launch records), Harvard University, 1997-present. Web Address when accessed: http://www.planet4589.org/jsr.html.
Serra, Jean-Jacques, Rockets in Europe, Web Address when accessed: http://www.univ-perp.fr/fuseurop/index_e.htm.

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© Mark Wade, 1997 - 2008 except where otherwise noted.