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Winged orbital launch vehicle. Year: 1982. Family: Air-Launched. Country: Russia. Status: Study 1981. Air launched from catamaran heavy-life aircraft, predecessor of later Gerakl / Molniya-1000 design. 900 tonnes takeoff mass. Release conditions: Suspended load, Mach 0.7 at 8 to 9 km altitude. Effective velocity gain compared to vertical launch 270 m/s. Manufacturer: Molniya. LEO Payload: 9,000 kg (19,800 lb). to: 200 km Orbit. at: 51.00 degrees. Total Mass: 200,000 kg (440,000 lb).
Bibliography and Further Reading - Lozino-Lozinskiy, G E, editor, Aviationno-kosmicheskiye sistemy, MAI, Moscow, 1997. ISBN: 5703520681. Russian language collection of technical papers that cover the design, development, engineering, and flight test results of the BOR-4, BOR-5, Buran, and MAKS spaceplanes. Includes intermediate designs More at amazon.com...
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