Black Brant

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Sounding rocket. Country: Canada. Status: Active.

The Black Brant originated in a 1957 Canadian government requirement for a sounding rocket to characterize the ionosphere in order to improve military communications. Bristol Aerospace of Winnipeg, Manitoba was selected to design the rocket, while the Canadian Armament Research and Development Establishment (CARDE) was responsible for the propellant and filling. The prototype was called the Propulsion Test Vehicle. It was a relatively heavy rocket, since it was designed to stand up to the use of a wide range of engine burning time, propellant loadings and launch angles associated with fuel development. The lighter production version of the vehicle was renamed Black Brant. Later versions of Black Brant used a variety of booster and upper stages to supplement the original single-stage vehicle.

From Aerojet - The Creative Company, 1995:

Aerojet and Bristol Aerospace Ltd of Winnipeg Canada formed a joint venture to share sounding rocket technology, and this lasted from 1958 to 1974. The first sounding rocket resulting from this cooperation, the Black Brant, was launched in 1965. Bristol gradually got more and more of the orders, and essentially displaced Aerojet from the business. They have produced more than 800 Black Brants since that time, and about two thirds, of their current production is for NASA.

801 Black Brant rockets were launched from 1962 to 2005. Versions of the Black Brant could carry payloads ranging from 70 to 850 kilograms to altitudes from 150 to more than 1,500 km, and could provide up to 20 minutes of microgravity time during a flight. The Black Brant and Nihka motors used on some Black Brant versions were manufactured in Canada by Bristol Aerospace Limited (a Magellan Aerospace Company). The Nike, Talos, and Taurus motors used on other Black Brant versions were built in the United States. These vehicles were integrated by the launch operator. In the United States, NASA was a frequent user of Black Brant vehicles.

Manufacturer: Bristol. Launches: 864. Failures: 48. Success Rate: 94.44%. First Launch Date: 1959-09-05. Last Launch Date: 2007-12-10. Launch data is: continuing. Apogee: 200 km (120 mi). Version:

Black Brant 1.
Black Brant
Status: Retired 1963.

Single stage vehicle using the Black Brant VA.

Launches: 16. Failures: 1. First Launch Date: 1959-09-05. Last Launch Date: 1963-04-06. Payload: 68 kg (149 lb). Apogee: 225 km (139 mi). Liftoff Thrust: 111.000 kN (24,953 lbf). Total Mass: 730 kg (1,600 lb). Core Diameter: 0.26 m (0.85 ft). Total Length: 7.41 m (24.31 ft).

Stage1: 1 x 15KS25000. Gross Mass: 1,000 kg (2,200 lb). Empty Mass: 150 kg (330 lb). Motor: 1 x 15KS25000. Thrust (vac): 111.000 kN (24,953 lbf). Burn time: 15 sec. Length: 5.20 m (17.00 ft). Diameter: 0.44 m (1.44 ft). Propellants: Solid.

Version:

Black Brant 2. Status: Retired 1974.

Single stage vehicle.

Launches: 56. Failures: 4. Success Rate: 92.86%. First Launch Date: 1960-10-12. Last Launch Date: 1974-02-22. Payload: 68 kg (149 lb). Apogee: 274 km (170 mi). Liftoff Thrust: 89.000 kN (20,007 lbf). Total Mass: 880 kg (1,940 lb). Core Diameter: 0.44 m (1.44 ft). Total Length: 8.45 m (27.72 ft).

Stage1: 1 x 15KS25000. Gross Mass: 1,000 kg (2,200 lb). Empty Mass: 150 kg (330 lb). Motor: 1 x 15KS25000. Thrust (vac): 111.000 kN (24,953 lbf). Burn time: 15 sec. Length: 5.20 m (17.00 ft). Diameter: 0.44 m (1.44 ft). Propellants: Solid.

Version:

Black Brant 2B. Status: Retired 1965.

Launches: 4. Failures: 1. First Launch Date: 1964-10-06. Last Launch Date: 1965-01-25. Apogee: 200 km (120 mi). Liftoff Thrust: 0 N ( lbf). Total Mass: 1,000 kg (2,200 lb). Core Diameter: 0.44 m (1.44 ft). Total Length: 8.40 m (27.50 ft).

Stage1: 1 x 23KS20000. Gross Mass: 1,000 kg (2,200 lb). Empty Mass: 150 kg (330 lb). Motor: 1 x 23KS20000. Thrust (vac): 89.000 kN (20,007 lbf). Burn time: 23 sec. Length: 5.20 m (17.00 ft). Diameter: 0.44 m (1.44 ft). Propellants: Solid.

Version:

Black Brant 3. Status: Retired 1984.

Single stage vehicle consisting of 1 x Black Brant IIIA or IIIB.

Launches: 56. Failures: 6. Success Rate: 89.29%. First Launch Date: 1962-06-15. Last Launch Date: 1984-05-11. Payload: 18 kg (39 lb). Apogee: 177 km (109 mi). Liftoff Thrust: 49.000 kN (11,015 lbf). Total Mass: 286 kg (630 lb). Core Diameter: 0.26 m (0.85 ft). Total Length: 5.50 m (18.00 ft).

Stage1: 1 x 9KS11000. Gross Mass: 300 kg (660 lb). Empty Mass: 50 kg (110 lb). Motor: 1 x 9KS11000. Thrust (vac): 49.000 kN (11,015 lbf). Burn time: 9.00 sec. Length: 3.70 m (12.10 ft). Diameter: 0.26 m (0.85 ft). Propellants: Solid.

Version:

Black Brant 3B. Status: Retired 1985.

Launches: 13. First Launch Date: 1969-02-28. Last Launch Date: 1985-05-06. Apogee: 220 km (130 mi). Liftoff Thrust: 0 N ( lbf). Total Mass: 300 kg (660 lb). Core Diameter: 0.26 m (0.85 ft). Total Length: 5.50 m (18.00 ft).

Stage1: 1 x 12KS10000. Gross Mass: 300 kg (660 lb). Empty Mass: 50 kg (110 lb). Motor: 1 x 12KS10000. Thrust (vac): 45.000 kN (10,116 lbf). Burn time: 12 sec. Length: 3.90 m (12.70 ft). Diameter: 0.26 m (0.85 ft). Propellants: Solid.

Version:

Black Brant 4.

Two stage vehicle consisting of 1 x Black Brant VA + 1 x Black Brant IIIA or IIIB.

From NASA SOUNDING ROCKETS, 1958-1968 - A Historical Summary, NASA SP-4401, 1971, by William R. Corliss

The most interesting addition to the NASA "stable" during the 1965- 1968 period was the Black Brant IV, a rocket built by Bristol Aerospace, Ltd., in Winnipeg. There was some controversy within Goddard regarding the desirability of purchasing a rocket from a foreign country when many American manufacturers build a large variety of sounding rockets. According to Karl Medrow, Chief of Goddard's Sounding Rocket Branch,80 the Black Brant had three positive features that led to its selection:
1. The Black Brants were operational with performance that no American manufacturer could match with off-the-shelf vehicles. (Note: NASA paid only for a propellant change in the Black Brant to improve performance. The U.S. Air Force also contributed financially to the development of the Black Brant series.)
2. The Black Brant used no military hardware and could thus be fired from foreign countries.
3. The Black Brant represented the cheapest way to get the job done.
By the end of 1968, NASA had fired two Black Brant IVs: one with a Canadian payload from Wallops Island on May 7, 1968, and a second from Brazil with a radiation payload provided by the Manned Spacecraft Center, on June 11,1968.

Payload: 18 kg (39 lb). Apogee: 1,000 km (600 mi). Liftoff Thrust: 111.000 kN (24,953 lbf). Total Mass: 1,356 kg (2,989 lb). Core Diameter: 0.44 m (1.44 ft). Total Length: 11.06 m (36.28 ft). Version:

Black Brant 4A. Status: Retired 1976.

Launches: 35. Failures: 7. Success Rate: 80.00%. First Launch Date: 1964-06-24. Last Launch Date: 1976-03-10. Apogee: 850 km (520 mi). Liftoff Thrust: 0 N ( lbf). Total Mass: 1,400 kg (3,000 lb). Core Diameter: 0.44 m (1.44 ft). Total Length: 12.00 m (39.00 ft).

Stage1: 1 x 15KS25000. Gross Mass: 1,000 kg (2,200 lb). Empty Mass: 150 kg (330 lb). Motor: 1 x 15KS25000. Thrust (vac): 111.000 kN (24,953 lbf). Burn time: 15 sec. Length: 5.20 m (17.00 ft). Diameter: 0.44 m (1.44 ft). Propellants: Solid.

Stage2: 1 x 9KS11000. Gross Mass: 300 kg (660 lb). Empty Mass: 50 kg (110 lb). Motor: 1 x 9KS11000. Thrust (vac): 49.000 kN (11,015 lbf). Burn time: 9.00 sec. Length: 3.70 m (12.10 ft). Diameter: 0.26 m (0.85 ft). Propellants: Solid.

Version:

Black Brant 4B. Status: Retired 1981.

Launches: 29. Failures: 2. First Launch Date: 1971-02-05. Last Launch Date: 1981-12-13. Apogee: 950 km (590 mi). Liftoff Thrust: 0 N ( lbf). Total Mass: 1,400 kg (3,000 lb). Core Diameter: 0.44 m (1.44 ft). Total Length: 12.00 m (39.00 ft).

Stage1: 1 x 15KS25000. Gross Mass: 1,000 kg (2,200 lb). Empty Mass: 150 kg (330 lb). Motor: 1 x 15KS25000. Thrust (vac): 111.000 kN (24,953 lbf). Burn time: 15 sec. Length: 5.20 m (17.00 ft). Diameter: 0.44 m (1.44 ft). Propellants: Solid.

Stage2: 1 x 12KS10000. Gross Mass: 300 kg (660 lb). Empty Mass: 50 kg (110 lb). Motor: 1 x 12KS10000. Thrust (vac): 45.000 kN (10,116 lbf). Burn time: 12 sec. Length: 3.90 m (12.70 ft). Diameter: 0.26 m (0.85 ft). Propellants: Solid.

Version:

Black Brant 5.

Single stage vehicle consisting of 1 x Black Brant VA, VB, or VC.

The standard payload configuration for the Black Brant V vehicle was 44 cm in diameter with a 3:1 ogive nose cone shape. Payload length for the Black Brant 5 meters and weight was limited to approximately 540 kg. Because of the relatively high dynamic pressures, bulbous (larger than 44 cm diameter) payloads could not be accommodated on the Black Brant V vehicle. Standard hardware systems that were available for Black Brant V motors included aft recovery systems for 340 kg or 450 kg recovered weights. An Ogive Recovery System Assembly (ORSA) for the same weight ranges, payload separation systems (including a High Velocity Separation System) and despin systems were also available. These units were modular "stackable" such that a great deal of flexibility existed to meet experiment requirements.

Payload: 68 kg (149 lb). Apogee: 387 km (240 mi). Liftoff Thrust: 111.000 kN (24,953 lbf). Total Mass: 1,197 kg (2,638 lb). Core Diameter: 0.44 m (1.44 ft). Total Length: 8.15 m (26.73 ft). Version:

Black Brant 5A. Status: Retired 1999.

Launches: 31. Failures: 3. Success Rate: 90.32%. First Launch Date: 1963-07-20. Last Launch Date: 1999-07-14. Apogee: 170 km (100 mi). Liftoff Thrust: 0 N ( lbf). Total Mass: 1,100 kg (2,400 lb). Core Diameter: 0.44 m (1.44 ft). Total Length: 8.30 m (27.20 ft).

Stage1: 1 x 15KS25000. Gross Mass: 1,000 kg (2,200 lb). Empty Mass: 150 kg (330 lb). Motor: 1 x 15KS25000. Thrust (vac): 111.000 kN (24,953 lbf). Burn time: 15 sec. Length: 5.20 m (17.00 ft). Diameter: 0.44 m (1.44 ft). Propellants: Solid.

Version:

Black Brant 5B. Status: Active.

Three-fin version. The Black Brant VB provided slightly improved performance over the VC. The burnout roll rate for the Black Brant V was 4 cycles per second. Maximum longitudinal acceleration varied with payload weight; for a typical payload weight of 270 kg, maximum thrust axis acceleration is approximately 12g's.

Launches: 65. Failures: 3. Success Rate: 95.38%. First Launch Date: 1965-06-12. Last Launch Date: 2002-02-21. Apogee: 400 km (240 mi). Liftoff Thrust: 0 N ( lbf). Total Mass: 1,200 kg (2,600 lb). Core Diameter: 0.44 m (1.44 ft). Total Length: 8.30 m (27.20 ft).

Stage1: 1 x 26KS20000. Gross Mass: 1,264 kg (2,786 lb). Empty Mass: 268 kg (590 lb). Motor: 1 x 26KS20000. Thrust (vac): 75.700 kN (17,018 lbf). Burn time: 27 sec. Length: 5.30 m (17.30 ft). Diameter: 0.44 m (1.44 ft). Propellants: Solid.

Version:

Black Brant 5C. Status: Active.

Four-fin version.

Launches: 104. Failures: 4. Success Rate: 96.15%. First Launch Date: 1970-04-04. Last Launch Date: 2007-01-19. Apogee: 350 km (210 mi). Liftoff Thrust: 0 N ( lbf). Total Mass: 1,300 kg (2,800 lb). Core Diameter: 0.44 m (1.44 ft). Total Length: 8.30 m (27.20 ft).

Stage1: 1 x 26KS20000. Gross Mass: 1,264 kg (2,786 lb). Empty Mass: 268 kg (590 lb). Motor: 1 x 26KS20000. Thrust (vac): 75.700 kN (17,018 lbf). Burn time: 27 sec. Length: 5.30 m (17.30 ft). Diameter: 0.44 m (1.44 ft). Propellants: Solid.

Version:

Black Brant 6. Status: Retired 1979.

Single stage vehicle.

Launches: 26. Failures: 5. First Launch Date: 1972-07-12. Last Launch Date: 1979-04-28. Apogee: 72 km (44 mi). Liftoff Thrust: 7.000 kN (1,574 lbf). Total Mass: 100 kg (220 lb). Core Diameter: 0.12 m (0.39 ft). Total Length: 2.80 m (9.10 ft).

Stage1: 1 x 9KS1660. Gross Mass: 100 kg (220 lb). Empty Mass: 20 kg (44 lb). Motor: 1 x 9KS1660. Thrust (vac): 7.400 kN (1,664 lbf). Burn time: 9.00 sec. Length: 2.00 m (6.50 ft). Diameter: 0.12 m (0.39 ft). Propellants: Solid.

Version:

Black Brant 7. Status: Retired 1972.

Single stage vehicle.

Launches: 20. First Launch Date: 1970-12-15. Last Launch Date: 1972-01-27. LEO Payload: 9.00 kg (19.80 lb). Payload: 9.00 kg (19.80 lb). to a: geosynchronous transfer orbit trajectory. Apogee: 40 km (24 mi). Liftoff Thrust: 0 N ( lbf). Core Diameter: 0.0900 m (0.2950 ft). Total Length: 2.10 m (6.80 ft).

Stage1: 1 x Black Brant VII. Empty Mass: 10 kg (22 lb). Motor: 1 x BB7. Thrust (vac): 1.000 kN (225 lbf). Burn time: 4.00 sec. Length: 1.70 m (5.50 ft). Diameter: 0.0900 m (0.2950 ft). Propellants: Solid.

Version:

Black Brant 8.
Black Brant
Alternate Designation: Nike-Black Brant.

Two stage vehicle consisting of 1 x Nike booster + Black Brant VB or VC upper stage. Payload 136 kg to 430 km or 408 kg to 230 km.

The performance capabilities of the Black Brant V vehicle could be enhanced by boosting it with a Nike booster. This configuration could be tower launched in three and four fin versions (VB and VC, respectively). The Nike M5-El booster was the same rocket motor used to boost the Tomahawk sustainer and could be configured with three or four fins, depending on Black Brant VB or VC application. The Nike and Black Brant V stages drag separated at Nike burnout and the Black Brant V ignited at 8.5 seconds flight time. The Black Brant V rocket motor was configured with the addition of an ignition module at the motor front end.

The payload configurations used with the Nike boosted Black Brant V were similar to, or even interchangeable with, those flown on the single stage BB V B/C version. The Nike boosted Black Brant V vehicle could also accommodate bulbous diameter payloads (up to 56 cm) for scientific instruments which required a larger diameter than the standard 17.26 inches.

Standard hardware systems that were available for Nike-Black Brant V motors included aft recovery systems for 340 kg or 450 kg recovered weights, an Ogive Recovery System Assembly (ORSA) for the same weight ranges, payload separation systems (including High Velocity Separation Systems) and despin systems. These units were modular 'stackable'', providing a great deal of flexibility in meeting experiment requirements.

Apogee: 340 km (210 mi). Liftoff Thrust: 196.000 kN (44,062 lbf). Total Mass: 2,000 kg (4,400 lb). Core Diameter: 0.44 m (1.44 ft). Total Length: 11.90 m (39.00 ft). Version:

Black Brant 8B. Status: Retired 1989.

Launches: 22. Failures: 1. First Launch Date: 1975-12-04. Last Launch Date: 1989-11-20. Apogee: 340 km (210 mi). Liftoff Thrust: 0 N ( lbf). Total Mass: 2,000 kg (4,400 lb). Core Diameter: 0.44 m (1.44 ft). Total Length: 11.90 m (39.00 ft).

Stage1: 1 x HJ Nike Nike-3. Gross Mass: 599 kg (1,320 lb). Empty Mass: 256 kg (564 lb). Motor: 1 x M5E1. Thrust (vac): 195.600 kN (43,973 lbf). Burn time: 3.40 sec. Length: 3.60 m (11.80 ft). Diameter: 0.42 m (1.37 ft). Propellants: Solid.

Stage2: 1 x 26KS20000. Gross Mass: 1,264 kg (2,786 lb). Empty Mass: 268 kg (590 lb). Motor: 1 x 26KS20000. Thrust (vac): 75.700 kN (17,018 lbf). Burn time: 27 sec. Length: 5.30 m (17.30 ft). Diameter: 0.44 m (1.44 ft). Propellants: Solid.

Version:

Black Brant 8C. Status: Active.

Launches: 92. Failures: 2. Success Rate: 97.83%. First Launch Date: 1976-11-17. Last Launch Date: 2004-09-17. Apogee: 340 km (210 mi). Liftoff Thrust: 0 N ( lbf). Total Mass: 2,000 kg (4,400 lb). Core Diameter: 0.44 m (1.44 ft). Total Length: 11.90 m (39.00 ft).

Stage1: 1 x HJ Nike Nike-3. Gross Mass: 599 kg (1,320 lb). Empty Mass: 256 kg (564 lb). Motor: 1 x M5E1. Thrust (vac): 195.600 kN (43,973 lbf). Burn time: 3.40 sec. Length: 3.60 m (11.80 ft). Diameter: 0.42 m (1.37 ft). Propellants: Solid.

Stage2: 1 x 26KS20000. Gross Mass: 1,264 kg (2,786 lb). Empty Mass: 268 kg (590 lb). Motor: 1 x 26KS20000. Thrust (vac): 75.700 kN (17,018 lbf). Burn time: 27 sec. Length: 5.30 m (17.30 ft). Diameter: 0.44 m (1.44 ft). Propellants: Solid.

Version:

Black Brant 9.
Black Brant
Status: Active.

Two stage vehicle consisting of 1 x Terrier Mk 70 + 1 x Black Brant VB

Launches: 196. Failures: 4. Success Rate: 97.96%. First Launch Date: 1982-03-16. Last Launch Date: 2007-11-06. Apogee: 300 km (180 mi). Liftoff Thrust: 0 N ( lbf). Total Mass: 2,200 kg (4,800 lb). Core Diameter: 0.46 m (1.50 ft). Total Length: 12.20 m (40.00 ft).

Stage1: 1 x Black Brant X-1. Gross Mass: 900 kg (1,980 lb). Empty Mass: 322 kg (709 lb). Motor: 1 x X-256. Thrust (vac): 257.500 kN (57,888 lbf). Burn time: 4.40 sec. Length: 3.90 m (12.70 ft). Diameter: 0.46 m (1.50 ft). Propellants: Solid.

Stage2: 1 x 26KS20000. Gross Mass: 1,264 kg (2,786 lb). Empty Mass: 268 kg (590 lb). Motor: 1 x 26KS20000. Thrust (vac): 75.700 kN (17,018 lbf). Burn time: 27 sec. Length: 5.30 m (17.30 ft). Diameter: 0.44 m (1.44 ft). Propellants: Solid.

Version:

Black Brant 9B. Status: Retired 1998.

Launches: 5. First Launch Date: 1983-08-08. Last Launch Date: 1998-04-28. Apogee: 300 km (180 mi). Liftoff Thrust: 0 N ( lbf). Total Mass: 2,200 kg (4,800 lb). Core Diameter: 0.46 m (1.50 ft). Total Length: 12.20 m (40.00 ft).

Stage1: 1 x Black Brant X-1. Gross Mass: 900 kg (1,980 lb). Empty Mass: 322 kg (709 lb). Motor: 1 x X-256. Thrust (vac): 257.500 kN (57,888 lbf). Burn time: 4.40 sec. Length: 3.90 m (12.70 ft). Diameter: 0.46 m (1.50 ft). Propellants: Solid.

Stage2: 1 x 26KS20000. Gross Mass: 1,264 kg (2,786 lb). Empty Mass: 268 kg (590 lb). Motor: 1 x 26KS20000. Thrust (vac): 75.700 kN (17,018 lbf). Burn time: 27 sec. Length: 5.30 m (17.30 ft). Diameter: 0.44 m (1.44 ft). Propellants: Solid.

Version:

Black Brant 9BM1. Status: Retired 1992.

Launches: 1. First Launch Date: 1992-04-09. Last Launch Date: 1992-04-09. Apogee: 300 km (180 mi). Liftoff Thrust: 0 N ( lbf). Total Mass: 2,200 kg (4,800 lb). Core Diameter: 0.46 m (1.50 ft). Total Length: 12.20 m (40.00 ft).

Stage1: 1 x Terrier Mk 70 Oriole-1. Gross Mass: 1,038 kg (2,288 lb). Empty Mass: 290 kg (630 lb). Motor: 1 x TX-664-4. Burn time: 6.20 sec. Length: 3.94 m (12.92 ft). Diameter: 0.46 m (1.50 ft). Propellants: Solid.

Stage2: 1 x 26KS20000. Gross Mass: 1,264 kg (2,786 lb). Empty Mass: 268 kg (590 lb). Motor: 1 x 26KS20000. Thrust (vac): 75.700 kN (17,018 lbf). Burn time: 27 sec. Length: 5.30 m (17.30 ft). Diameter: 0.44 m (1.44 ft). Propellants: Solid.

Version:

Black Brant 9CM1. Status: Active.

Launches: 24. Failures: 2. First Launch Date: 1989-03-29. Last Launch Date: 2001-02-09. Apogee: 300 km (180 mi). Liftoff Thrust: 0 N ( lbf). Total Mass: 2,200 kg (4,800 lb). Core Diameter: 0.46 m (1.50 ft). Total Length: 12.20 m (40.00 ft).

Stage1: 1 x Terrier Mk 70 Oriole-1. Gross Mass: 1,038 kg (2,288 lb). Empty Mass: 290 kg (630 lb). Motor: 1 x TX-664-4. Burn time: 6.20 sec. Length: 3.94 m (12.92 ft). Diameter: 0.46 m (1.50 ft). Propellants: Solid.

Stage2: 1 x 26KS20000. Gross Mass: 1,264 kg (2,786 lb). Empty Mass: 268 kg (590 lb). Motor: 1 x 26KS20000. Thrust (vac): 75.700 kN (17,018 lbf). Burn time: 27 sec. Length: 5.30 m (17.30 ft). Diameter: 0.44 m (1.44 ft). Propellants: Solid.

Version:

Black Brant 10.
Black Brant
Status: Active.

Three stage vehicle consisting of 1 x Terrier + 1 x Black Brant VB or VC + 1 x Nihka. Payload 90 kg to 1,200 km or 317 kg to 550 km.

The Black Brant X rocket system was a three-stage system, and unique because the third stage motor was ignited once the vehicle system reached exoatmospheric conditions. The first stage booster consisted of a Terrier MK 12 Mod 1 rocket motor with four 0.22 square meter fin panels arranged in a cruciform configuration. The finless third stage was the Nihka rocket motor, developed specifically for the Black Brant X rocket system by Bristol Aerospace. The standard payload configuration for the Black Brant X vehicle was 44 cm in diameter with a 3:1 ogive nose shape. Payload length and weight limits for the Black Brant X were the same as the Black Brant V. Standard hardware systems available for Black Brant V motors included aft recovery systems, payload separation systems (including High Velocity Separation System) and despin systems. These units were modular "stackable" so that a great deal of flexibility existed in meeting experiment requirements.

Launches: 30. Failures: 1. Success Rate: 96.67%. First Launch Date: 1981-08-14. Last Launch Date: 2007-02-14. Apogee: 900 km (550 mi). Liftoff Thrust: 257.000 kN (57,775 lbf). Total Mass: 2,600 kg (5,700 lb). Core Diameter: 0.44 m (1.44 ft). Total Length: 14.50 m (47.50 ft).

Stage1: 1 x Black Brant X-1. Gross Mass: 900 kg (1,980 lb). Empty Mass: 322 kg (709 lb). Motor: 1 x X-256. Thrust (vac): 257.500 kN (57,888 lbf). Burn time: 4.40 sec. Length: 3.90 m (12.70 ft). Diameter: 0.46 m (1.50 ft). Propellants: Solid.

Stage2: 1 x 26KS20000. Gross Mass: 1,264 kg (2,786 lb). Empty Mass: 268 kg (590 lb). Motor: 1 x 26KS20000. Thrust (vac): 75.700 kN (17,018 lbf). Burn time: 27 sec. Length: 5.30 m (17.30 ft). Diameter: 0.44 m (1.44 ft). Propellants: Solid.

Stage3: 1 x 17KS12000. Gross Mass: 399 kg (879 lb). Empty Mass: 70 kg (154 lb). Motor: 1 x Nihka. Thrust (vac): 50.500 kN (11,353 lbf). Burn time: 17 sec. Length: 2.00 m (6.50 ft). Diameter: 0.44 m (1.44 ft). Propellants: Solid.

Version:

Black Brant 10B. Status: Retired 1989.

Launches: 4. First Launch Date: 1985-02-15. Last Launch Date: 1989-04-11. Apogee: 900 km (550 mi). Liftoff Thrust: 0 N ( lbf). Total Mass: 2,600 kg (5,700 lb). Core Diameter: 0.46 m (1.50 ft). Total Length: 14.50 m (47.50 ft).

Stage1: 1 x Black Brant X-1. Gross Mass: 900 kg (1,980 lb). Empty Mass: 322 kg (709 lb). Motor: 1 x X-256. Thrust (vac): 257.500 kN (57,888 lbf). Burn time: 4.40 sec. Length: 3.90 m (12.70 ft). Diameter: 0.46 m (1.50 ft). Propellants: Solid.

Stage2: 1 x 26KS20000. Gross Mass: 1,264 kg (2,786 lb). Empty Mass: 268 kg (590 lb). Motor: 1 x 26KS20000. Thrust (vac): 75.700 kN (17,018 lbf). Burn time: 27 sec. Length: 5.30 m (17.30 ft). Diameter: 0.44 m (1.44 ft). Propellants: Solid.

Stage3: 1 x 17KS12000. Gross Mass: 399 kg (879 lb). Empty Mass: 70 kg (154 lb). Motor: 1 x Nihka. Thrust (vac): 50.500 kN (11,353 lbf). Burn time: 17 sec. Length: 2.00 m (6.50 ft). Diameter: 0.44 m (1.44 ft). Propellants: Solid.

Version:

Black Brant 10CM1. Status: Active.

Launches: 7. First Launch Date: 1990-02-23. Last Launch Date: 2004-01-22. Apogee: 900 km (550 mi). Liftoff Thrust: 0 N ( lbf). Total Mass: 2,600 kg (5,700 lb). Core Diameter: 0.46 m (1.50 ft). Total Length: 14.50 m (47.50 ft).

Stage1: 1 x Terrier Mk 70 Oriole-1. Gross Mass: 1,038 kg (2,288 lb). Empty Mass: 290 kg (630 lb). Motor: 1 x TX-664-4. Burn time: 6.20 sec. Length: 3.94 m (12.92 ft). Diameter: 0.46 m (1.50 ft). Propellants: Solid.

Stage2: 1 x 26KS20000. Gross Mass: 1,264 kg (2,786 lb). Empty Mass: 268 kg (590 lb). Motor: 1 x 26KS20000. Thrust (vac): 75.700 kN (17,018 lbf). Burn time: 27 sec. Length: 5.30 m (17.30 ft). Diameter: 0.44 m (1.44 ft). Propellants: Solid.

Stage3: 1 x 17KS12000. Gross Mass: 399 kg (879 lb). Empty Mass: 70 kg (154 lb). Motor: 1 x Nihka. Thrust (vac): 50.500 kN (11,353 lbf). Burn time: 17 sec. Length: 2.00 m (6.50 ft). Diameter: 0.44 m (1.44 ft). Propellants: Solid.

Version:

Black Brant 11. Status: Active.

Three stage vehicle. Payload weights of 320 kg to 500 km or 550 kg to 350 km altitude.

The Black Brant XI rocket system was a three stage system used primarily to carry heavy payloads to high altitudes. Its development was a spin-off of the Black Brant XII development. The first and second stages were the Mk 11 Mod 5 Talos rocket motor and the Taurus motor. The third stage was a modified Black Brant VC motor. The Black Brant nozzle was extended for exoatmospheric use and the tail cone was changed to enclose the nozzle. The aft end of the tail cone had a restraining device to keep the Taurus and Black Brant connected during second stage coasting. This motor configuration made up the first three stages of the Black Brant XII.

The standard payload configuration for the Black Brant XI vehicle was 0.44 cm in diameter with a 3:1 ogive nose shape.

Launches: 5. First Launch Date: 1990-02-01. Last Launch Date: 2006-09-23. Apogee: 1,400 km (800 mi). Liftoff Thrust: 0 N ( lbf). Total Mass: 5,300 kg (11,600 lb). Core Diameter: 0.76 m (2.49 ft). Total Length: 17.00 m (55.00 ft).

Stage1: 1 x Talos-1. Gross Mass: 1,500 kg (3,300 lb). Motor: 1 x Talos Mk 11 Mod 2. Thrust (vac): 516.000 kN (116,001 lbf). Burn time: 5.20 sec. Length: 3.40 m (11.10 ft). Diameter: 0.76 m (2.49 ft). Propellants: Solid.

Stage2: 1 x Taurus Nike Tomahawk-1. Gross Mass: 1,363 kg (3,004 lb). Empty Mass: 602 kg (1,327 lb). Motor: 1 x Taurus. Thrust (vac): 457.000 kN (102,737 lbf). Burn time: 3.50 sec. Length: 4.19 m (13.74 ft). Diameter: 0.58 m (1.90 ft). Propellants: Solid.

Stage3: 1 x 26KS20000. Gross Mass: 1,264 kg (2,786 lb). Empty Mass: 268 kg (590 lb). Motor: 1 x 26KS20000. Thrust (vac): 75.700 kN (17,018 lbf). Burn time: 27 sec. Length: 5.30 m (17.30 ft). Diameter: 0.44 m (1.44 ft). Propellants: Solid.

Version:

Black Brant 12. Status: Active.

The Black Brant XII rocket system was a four stage system used primarily to carry a variety of payloads to high altitudes. Its development is a spin-off of the Black Brant X development. Four stage vehicle consisting of 1 x Talos + 1 x Taurus + 1 x Black Brant VB + 1 x Nihka. Payload 136 kg to 1,500 km or 522 kg to 500 km.

Launches: 23. Failures: 2. First Launch Date: 1988-09-30. Last Launch Date: 2007-12-10. Apogee: 1,500 km (900 mi). Liftoff Thrust: 0 N ( lbf). Total Mass: 5,300 kg (11,600 lb). Core Diameter: 0.76 m (2.49 ft). Total Length: 17.00 m (55.00 ft).

Stage1: 1 x Talos-1. Gross Mass: 1,500 kg (3,300 lb). Motor: 1 x Talos Mk 11 Mod 2. Thrust (vac): 516.000 kN (116,001 lbf). Burn time: 5.20 sec. Length: 3.40 m (11.10 ft). Diameter: 0.76 m (2.49 ft). Propellants: Solid.

Stage2: 1 x Taurus Nike Tomahawk-1. Gross Mass: 1,363 kg (3,004 lb). Empty Mass: 602 kg (1,327 lb). Motor: 1 x Taurus. Thrust (vac): 457.000 kN (102,737 lbf). Burn time: 3.50 sec. Length: 4.19 m (13.74 ft). Diameter: 0.58 m (1.90 ft). Propellants: Solid.

Stage3: 1 x 26KS20000. Gross Mass: 1,264 kg (2,786 lb). Empty Mass: 268 kg (590 lb). Motor: 1 x 26KS20000. Thrust (vac): 75.700 kN (17,018 lbf). Burn time: 27 sec. Length: 5.30 m (17.30 ft). Diameter: 0.44 m (1.44 ft). Propellants: Solid.

Stage4: 1 x 17KS12000. Gross Mass: 399 kg (879 lb). Empty Mass: 70 kg (154 lb). Motor: 1 x Nihka. Thrust (vac): 50.500 kN (11,353 lbf). Burn time: 17 sec. Length: 2.00 m (6.50 ft). Diameter: 0.44 m (1.44 ft). Propellants: Solid.

Black Brant Chronology

1959 September 5 - 15:27 GMT - Fort Churchill -. LV Model: Black Brant 1 . Black Brant I BB-1-01 PTV-1 test Agency: CARDE. Apogee: 100 km (60 mi).

1959 September 5 - 22:24 GMT - Fort Churchill -. LV Model: Black Brant 1 . Black Brant I BB-1-02 Test mission Agency: CARDE. Apogee: 90 km (55 mi).

1959 September 8 - 15:14 GMT - Fort Churchill -. LV Model: Black Brant 1 . Black Brant I BB-1-03 Test mission Agency: CARDE. Apogee: 130 km (80 mi).

1959 September 10 - 21:48 GMT - Fort Churchill -. LV Model: Black Brant 1 . Black Brant I BB-1-04 Test mission Agency: CARDE. Apogee: 127 km (78 mi).

1960 May 18 - 21:04 GMT - Fort Churchill -. LV Model: Black Brant 1 . Black Brant I BB-1-05 FAILURE: Failure. Test mission Agency: CARDE. Apogee: 89 km (55 mi).

1960 May 24 - 17:44 GMT - Fort Churchill -. LV Model: Black Brant 1 . Black Brant I BB-1-06 Test mission Agency: CARDE. Apogee: 171 km (106 mi).

1960 May 28 - 18:27 GMT - Fort Churchill -. LV Model: Black Brant 1 . Black Brant I BB-1-07 Test mission Agency: CARDE. Apogee: 177 km (109 mi).

1960 September 23 - 06:40 GMT - Fort Churchill -. LV Model: Black Brant 1 . Black Brant I BB-1-08 NO2 seeding Aeronomy mission Agency: CARDE. Apogee: 100 km (60 mi).

1960 September 30 - 06:17 GMT - Fort Churchill -. LV Model: Black Brant 1 . Black Brant I BB-1-09 NO2 seeding Aeronomy mission Agency: CARDE. Apogee: 100 km (60 mi).

1960 October 8 - 14:45 GMT - Fort Churchill -. LV Model: Black Brant 1 . Black Brant I BB-1-11 DRTE-04 Type II aurora Aurora mission Agency: CARDE. Apogee: 116 km (72 mi).

1960 October 12 - 16:37 GMT - Fort Churchill -. LV Model: Black Brant 2 . Black Brant II CC-2A-13 Test mission Agency: CARDE. Apogee: 196 km (121 mi).

1960 October 12 - 21:27 GMT - Fort Churchill -. LV Model: Black Brant 2 . Black Brant II CC-2A-14 Test mission Agency: CARDE. Apogee: 216 km (134 mi).

1960 October 20 - 19:50 GMT - Fort Churchill -. LV Model: Black Brant 1 . Black Brant I BB-1-10 DRTE-03 Ionosphere / plasma mission Agency: DRTE. Apogee: 137 km (85 mi).

1960 October 28 - 12:21 GMT - Fort Churchill -. LV Model: Black Brant 1 . Black Brant I BB-1-12 DRTE-05 Ionosphere / plasma mission Agency: DRTE. Apogee: 150 km (90 mi).

1961 December 2 - Wallops Island -. Black Brant launches from Wallops Island announced. Twelve Canadian Black Brant rockets for upper-atmosphere research were to be launched from NASA's Wallops Station, Virginia, as the Canadian Defence Research Board shifted the firing site from Fort Churchill because a fire largely destroyed the Canadian facilities. Capable of carrying a 150-pound payload to an altitude of 150 miles, Black Brants were to be fired from Wallops at the rate of two in December 1961, two in February 1962, six in April 1962, and two in May 1962.

1962 June 15 - Wallops Island -. LV Model: Black Brant 3 . Black Brant III AA-3-2 FAILURE: Failure. Test mission Agency: DRE/V?. Apogee: 92 km (57 mi).

1962 June 15 - Wallops Island -. LV Model: Black Brant 3 . Black Brant III AA-3-1 FAILURE: Failure. Test mission Agency: DRE/V?. Apogee: 98 km (60 mi).

1962 June 19 - Wallops Island -. LV Model: Black Brant 3 . Black Brant III AA-3-3 FAILURE: Failure. Test mission Agency: DRE/V?. Apogee: 100 km (60 mi).

1962 June 28 - Wallops Island -. LV Model: Black Brant 3 . Black Brant III AA-3-4 FAILURE: Failure. Test mission Agency: DRE/V?. Apogee: 13 km (8 mi).

1962 December 13 - Wallops Island -. LV Model: Black Brant 3 . Black Brant III AA-3-6 Test mission Agency: DRE/V?. Apogee: 90 km (55 mi).

1962 December 13 - Wallops Island -. LV Model: Black Brant 3 . Black Brant III AA-3-5 Test mission Agency: DRE/V?. Apogee: 98 km (60 mi).

1963 March 21 - 03:53 GMT - Fort Churchill -. LV Model: Black Brant 1 . Black Brant I CC-1-28 NO2 seeding Aeronomy mission Agency: CARDE. Apogee: 80 km (49 mi).

1963 March 25 - 03:17 GMT - Fort Churchill -. LV Model: Black Brant 1 . Black Brant I CC-1-38 NO2 seeding Aeronomy mission Agency: CARDE. Apogee: 100 km (60 mi).

1963 April 6 - 04:03 GMT - Fort Churchill -. LV Model: Black Brant 1 . Black Brant I AD-1-26 Ionosphere / fields Aurora / aeronomy / ionosphere mission Agency: NRCC. Apogee: 144 km (89 mi).

1963 April 6 - 07:25 GMT - Fort Churchill -. LV Model: Black Brant 1 . Black Brant I AD-1-23 Aurora / ionosphere / fields mission Agency: NRCC. Apogee: 140 km (80 mi).

1963 May 7 - 20:30 GMT - Fort Churchill -. LV Model: Black Brant 2 . Black Brant II BB-2A-22 Ionosphere mission Agency: NRCC. Apogee: 139 km (86 mi).

1963 June 11 - 05:06 GMT - Fort Churchill -. LV Model: Black Brant 2 . Black Brant II BB-2A-21 Ionosphere mission Agency: NRCC. Apogee: 135 km (83 mi).

1963 June 24 - 19:00 GMT - Fort Churchill -. LV Model: Black Brant 2 . Black Brant II CC-2A-18 Test mission Agency: CARDE. Apogee: 171 km (106 mi).

1963 June 24 - 23:00 GMT - Fort Churchill -. LV Model: Black Brant 2 . Black Brant II CC-2A-17 Test mission Agency: CARDE. Apogee: 162 km (100 mi).

1963 July 1 - Vandenberg LC-A. LV Model: Black Brant 3 . Black Brant III AA-3-7? Test mission Agency: USN. Apogee: 100 km (60 mi).

1963 July 20 - 21:05 GMT - Fort Churchill -. LV Model: Black Brant 5A . Black Brant VA AB17.199 Operation Probe High Eclipse mission Agency: USAF. Apogee: 143 km (88 mi).

1963 July 26 - 21:19 GMT - Fort Churchill -. LV Model: Black Brant 5A . Black Brant VA AC17.61 D region e density Aurora / ionosphere mission Aurora / ionosphere mission Agency: USAF. Apogee: 143 km (88 mi).

1963 October 14 - 05:34 GMT - Fort Churchill -. LV Model: Black Brant 2 . Black Brant II BB-2A-20 Ionosphere / aurora mission Agency: DRTE. Apogee: 145 km (90 mi).

1963 October 18 - 09:20 GMT - Fort Churchill -. LV Model: Black Brant 2 . Black Brant II CC-2A-39 NO2 release Aeronomy mission Agency: CARDE. Apogee: 140 km (80 mi).

1963 October 26 - 02:00 GMT - Fort Churchill -. LV Model: Black Brant 2 . Black Brant II CC-2A-19 Ionosphere / aurora mission Agency: DRTE. Apogee: 145 km (90 mi).

1963 October 29 - 02:53 GMT - Fort Churchill -. LV Model: Black Brant 2 . Black Brant II CC-2A-40 NO2 release Aeronomy mission Agency: CARDE. Apogee: 140 km (80 mi).

1963 November 7 - Vandenberg LC-A. LV Model: Black Brant 3 . Black Brant III AA-3-8? Test mission Agency: USN. Apogee: 116 km (72 mi).

1964 January 9 - 05:22 GMT - Fort Churchill -. LV Model: Black Brant 2 . Black Brant II AA-2-41 Auroral particles Aurora / ionosphere / micrometeorites mission Agency: NRCC. Apogee: 115 km (71 mi).

1964 January 14 - 06:05 GMT - Fort Churchill -. LV Model: Black Brant 2 . Black Brant II AA-2-25 Auroral particles Aurora / ionosphere / micrometeorites mission Agency: NRCC. Apogee: 155 km (96 mi).

1964 January 17 - 07:21 GMT - Fort Churchill -. LV Model: Black Brant 2 . Black Brant II AD-2-42 Aurora / ionosphere / micrometeorites mission Agency: NRCC. Apogee: 75 km (46 mi).

1964 January 20 - 18:00 GMT - Fort Churchill -. LV Model: Black Brant 2 . Black Brant II CC-2A-29 Fin test Agency: CARDE. Apogee: 204 km (126 mi).

1964 January 20 - 21:15 GMT - Fort Churchill -. LV Model: Black Brant 2 . Black Brant II CC-2A-30 Fin test Agency: CARDE. Apogee: 204 km (126 mi).

1964 April 7 - 05:29 GMT - Fort Churchill -. LV Model: Black Brant 2 . Black Brant II AA-2A-43 Auroral particles Aurora / ionosphere / micrometeorites mission Agency: NRCC. Apogee: 155 km (96 mi).

1964 April 8 - 07:47 GMT - Fort Churchill -. LV Model: Black Brant 2 . Black Brant II AD-2A-44 Auroral study Apr9? Aurora / aeronomy / ionosphere mission Agency: NRCC. Apogee: 154 km (95 mi).

1964 April 16 - 07:16 GMT - Fort Churchill -. LV Model: Black Brant 2 . Black Brant II AD-2A-36 Ionosphere / particles / micrometeorite mission Agency: NRCC. Apogee: 152 km (94 mi).

1964 April 17 - 00:44 GMT - Fort Churchill -. LV Model: Black Brant 5A . Black Brant VA AF-VA-35/03 Daytime ne Test / ionosphere mission Agency: NRCC. Apogee: 172 km (106 mi).

1964 April 21 - 23:56 GMT - Fort Churchill -. LV Model: Black Brant 3 . Black Brant III FF-3-09 Test mission Agency: NRCC. Apogee: 150 km (90 mi).

1964 June 24 - 20:34 GMT - Fort Churchill -. LV Model: Black Brant 4A . Black Brant IVA FF-4-01 FAILURE: Failure. Test mission Agency: CARDE. Apogee: 1.00 km (0.60 mi).

1964 July 2 - 21:00 GMT - Fort Churchill -. LV Model: Black Brant 4A . Black Brant IVA FF-4-02 FAILURE: Failure. Test mission Agency: CARDE. Apogee: 1.00 km (0.60 mi).

1964 September 8 - 03:43 GMT - Fort Churchill -. LV Model: Black Brant 2 . Black Brant II AK-2A-59 FAILURE: Failure. Ionosphere mission Agency: NRCC. Apogee: 20 km (12 mi).

1964 September 15 - 06:59 GMT - Fort Churchill -. LV Model: Black Brant 2 . Black Brant II AD-2A-58 Ionosphere mission Agency: NRCC. Apogee: 166 km (103 mi).

1964 October 6 - 20:20 GMT - Fort Churchill -. LV Model: Black Brant 2B . Black Brant IIB CC-2B-49 Test mission Agency: CARDE. Apogee: 211 km (131 mi).

1964 October 7 - 18:35 GMT - Fort Churchill -. LV Model: Black Brant 2B . Black Brant IIB CC-2B-61 Test mission Agency: CARDE. Apogee: 213 km (132 mi).

1964 October 27 - 16:57 GMT - Fort Churchill -. LV Model: Black Brant 2 . Black Brant II AC17.606 D region Ionosphere mission Agency: USAF. Apogee: 149 km (92 mi).

1964 November 27 - 08:02 GMT - Fort Churchill -. LV Model: Black Brant 2 . Black Brant II AA-2A-37 Test/Aeronomy/Ionosphere/Chemical release mission Agency: NRCC. Apogee: 170 km (100 mi).

1965 January 22 - 21:46 GMT - Fort Churchill -. LV Model: Black Brant 4A . Black Brant IVA FF-4-03 Test mission Agency: CARDE. Apogee: 670 km (410 mi).

1965 January 23 - 18:15 GMT - Fort Churchill -. LV Model: Black Brant 4A . Black Brant IVA FF-4-04 Test mission Agency: CARDE. Apogee: 735 km (456 mi).

1965 January 25 - 16:00 GMT - Fort Churchill -. LV Model: Black Brant 2B . Black Brant IIB CC-2B-48 Test mission Agency: NRCC. Apogee: 230 km (140 mi).

1965 January 25 - 20:53 GMT - Fort Churchill -. LV Model: Black Brant 2B . Black Brant IIB CC-2B-56 FAILURE: Failure. Test mission Agency: NRCC. Apogee: 20 km (12 mi).

1965 March 17 - 21:30 GMT - Fort Churchill -. LV Model: Black Brant 2 . Black Brant II AE-2A-24 Aeronomy mission Agency: NRCC. Apogee: 153 km (95 mi).

1965 March 19 - 06:24 GMT - Fort Churchill -. LV Model: Black Brant 2 . Black Brant II AA-2A-52 Fields mission Agency: NRCC. Apogee: 168 km (104 mi).

1965 March 24 - 06:40 GMT - Fort Churchill -. LV Model: Black Brant 2 . Black Brant II AA-2A-53 Fields mission (date may be 23 March) Agency: NRCC. Apogee: 166 km (103 mi).

1965 March 25 - 05:34 GMT - Fort Churchill -. LV Model: Black Brant 2 . Black Brant II AA-2A-60 or Mar 24 Ionosphere / micrometeorite mission Agency: NRCC. Apogee: 155 km (96 mi).

1965 April 22 - 05:14 GMT - Fort Churchill -. LV Model: Black Brant 3 . Black Brant III AA-3-11 Aurora / ionosphere mission Aurora / ionosphere mission Agency: NRCC. Apogee: 136 km (84 mi).

1965 May 27 - 23:56 GMT - Fort Churchill -. LV Model: Black Brant 2 . Black Brant II BB-2A-51 FAILURE: Failure. Ionosphere mission Agency: NRCC. Apogee: 27 km (16 mi).

1965 June 2 - 14:19 GMT - Fort Churchill -. LV Model: Black Brant 2 . Black Brant II BB-2A-50 Aurora / ionosphere mission Aurora / ionosphere mission Agency: NRCC. Apogee: 150 km (90 mi).

1965 June 12 - 19:14 GMT - Fort Churchill -. LV Model: Black Brant 5B . Black Brant VB FF-VB-01 Test mission Agency: BAL. Apogee: 378 km (234 mi).

1965 June 18 - 16:12 GMT - Fort Churchill -. LV Model: Black Brant 5B . Black Brant VB FF-VB-02 Test mission Agency: BAL. Apogee: 364 km (226 mi).

1965 September 16 - 23:05 GMT - Eglin -. LV Model: Black Brant 5B . Black Brant VB VB-03 CRL AE18.315 test Agency: AFCRL. Apogee: 344 km (213 mi).

1965 December 8 - 13:21 GMT - Eglin -. LV Model: Black Brant 3 . Black Brant III NC7.179 Aeronomy mission Agency: NRL. Apogee: 140 km (80 mi).

1966 February 21 - 13:10 GMT - Eglin -. LV Model: Black Brant 3 . Black Brant III NC7.181 Aeronomy mission Agency: NRL. Apogee: 175 km (108 mi).

1966 February 21 - 19:57 GMT - Eglin -. LV Model: Black Brant 3 . Black Brant III NC7.180 Aeronomy mission Agency: NRL. Apogee: 188 km (116 mi).

1966 February 21 - 20:23 GMT - Fort Churchill -. LV Model: Black Brant 3 . Black Brant III NC7.178 O2 density Aeronomy mission Agency: NRL. Apogee: 196 km (121 mi).

1966 March 26 - 07:07 GMT - Fort Churchill -. LV Model: Black Brant 2 . Black Brant II AA-2A-103 Aurora / solar ultraviolet mission Agency: NRCC. Apogee: 153 km (95 mi).

1966 March 30 - 04:19 GMT - Fort Churchill -. LV Model: Black Brant 2 . Black Brant II AK-2A-104 Aurora / ionosphere / plasma mission Agency: NRCC. Apogee: 154 km (95 mi).

1966 July 19 - 05:00 GMT - Resolute Bay -. LV Model: Black Brant 3 . Black Brant III AKF-3-16 Ionosphere / solar x-rays mission Agency: NRCC. Apogee: 150 km (90 mi).

1966 July 21 - 03:27 GMT - Resolute Bay -. LV Model: Black Brant 3 . Black Brant III AKF-3-15 Ionosphere / chemical release mission Agency: NRCC. Apogee: 150 km (90 mi).

1966 August 17 - 03:39 GMT - Fort Churchill -. LV Model: Black Brant 5B . Black Brant VB ALF-VB-08 MPE Barium release Aeronomy / Barium release mission Agency: MPI. Apogee: 390 km (240 mi).

1966 August 19 - 07:44 GMT - Fort Churchill -. LV Model: Black Brant 5B . Black Brant VB ALF-VB-09 MPE Barium release Aeronomy / Barium release mission Agency: MPI. Apogee: 391 km (242 mi).

1966 August 26 - 20:30 GMT - Fort Churchill -. LV Model: Black Brant 3 . Black Brant III AAF-3-13 Test / aeronomy mission Agency: NRCC. Apogee: 114 km (70 mi).

1966 September 28 - 18:16 GMT - Fort Churchill -. LV Model: Black Brant 2 . Black Brant II CRL AC17.604D Ionosphere mission Agency: AFCRL. Apogee: 116 km (72 mi).

1966 November 19 - 00:10 GMT - Fort Churchill -. LV Model: Black Brant 2 . Black Brant II AAD-2A-106 Hydrogen line emission Aurora / ionosphere / fields mission Agency: NRCC. Apogee: 144 km (89 mi).

1966 November 29 - 06:01 GMT - Fort Churchill -. LV Model: Black Brant 3 . Black Brant III AAF-3-12 Plasma / fields mission Agency: NRCC. Apogee: 114 km (70 mi).

1966 November 29 - 06:08 GMT - Fort Churchill -. LV Model: Black Brant 4A . Black Brant IVA AAF-4-05 CR / ne probe Plasma / fields mission Agency: NRCC. Apogee: 800 km (490 mi).

1966 December 12 - 19:19 GMT - Fort Churchill -. LV Model: Black Brant 3 . Black Brant III ALF-3-18 Neutral density Aeronomy mission Agency: NRCC. Apogee: 137 km (85 mi).

1966 December 13 - 08:37 GMT - Fort Churchill -. LV Model: Black Brant 5A . Black Brant VA AAD-VA-107 FAILURE: Failure. Geminids Aurora / ionosphere / meteorology mission Agency: NRCC. Apogee: 48 km (29 mi).

1966 December 15 - 15:32 GMT - Fort Churchill -. LV Model: Black Brant 4A . Black Brant IVA AAF-4-08 Test mission Agency: NRCC. Apogee: 871 km (541 mi).

1966 December 15 - 21:32 GMT - Fort Churchill -. LV Model: Black Brant 4A . Black Brant IVA AAF-4-07 Test mission Agency: NRCC. Apogee: 871 km (541 mi).

1967 January 21 - 06:38 GMT - Fort Churchill -. LV Model: Black Brant 2 . Black Brant II AA-2-105 Aurora / ionosphere / plasma mission Agency: NRCC. Apogee: 170 km (100 mi).

1967 January 22 - 18:47 GMT - Fort Churchill -. LV Model: Black Brant 2 . Black Brant II AA-2-102 Aurora / ionosphere / meteorology mission Agency: NRCC. Apogee: 129 km (80 mi).

1967 February 4 - 05:21 GMT - Fort Churchill -. LV Model: Black Brant 2 . Black Brant II AA-2-101 Recovery test / Ionosphere Aurora / ionosphere / meteorology mission Agency: NRCC. Apogee: 183 km (113 mi).

1967 April 26 - 04:15 GMT - Fort Churchill -. LV Model: Black Brant 5B . Black Brant VB AFF-VB-06 Test / ionosphere / plasma mission Agency: NRCC. Apogee: 396 km (246 mi).

1967 April 27 - 04:10 GMT - Fort Churchill -. LV Model: Black Brant 5B . Black Brant VB AFF-VB-07 Test / ionosphere / plasma mission Agency: NRCC. Apogee: 398 km (247 mi).

1967 May 5 - 04:26 GMT - Fort Churchill -. LV Model: Black Brant 5B . Black Brant VB AAD-VB-10 Aurora / aeronomy / ionosphere mission Agency: NRCC. Apogee: 361 km (224 mi).

1967 July 4 - 23:35 GMT - Fort Churchill -. LV Model: Black Brant 3 . Black Brant III ALF-3-19 Mass spectrometer Aeronomy mission Agency: NRCC. Apogee: 131 km (81 mi).

1967 July 5 - 02:00 GMT - Fort Churchill -. LV Model: Black Brant 3 . Black Brant III ALF-3-20 Mass spectrometer Aeronomy mission Agency: NRCC. Apogee: 151 km (93 mi).

1967 July 12 - 00:23 GMT - Fort Churchill -. LV Model: Black Brant 3 . Black Brant III ADF-3-24 O2 profile Airglow infrared mission Agency: NRCC. Apogee: 95 km (59 mi).

1967 July 12 - 11:00 GMT - Fort Churchill -. LV Model: Black Brant 3 . Black Brant III ADF-3-25 O2 profile Airglow infrared mission Agency: NRCC. Apogee: 95 km (59 mi).

1967 August 3 - 07:36 GMT - Fort Churchill -. LV Model: Black Brant 5B . Black Brant VB ALF-VB-12 MPE Barium release Magnetosphere mission Agency: NRCC. Apogee: 448 km (278 mi).

1967 August 6 - 04:04 GMT - Fort Churchill -. LV Model: Black Brant 5B . Black Brant VB ALF-VB-13 MPE Barium release Magnetosphere mission Agency: NRCC. Apogee: 287 km (178 mi).

1967 September 28 - 16:35 GMT - Fort Churchill -. LV Model: Black Brant 5A . Black Brant VA AFF-VA-119 Test / ionosphere mission Agency: NRCC. Apogee: 165 km (102 mi).

1967 October 5 - 04:11 GMT - Fort Churchill -. LV Model: Black Brant 5A . Black Brant VA AFF-VA-120 Test / ionosphere mission Agency: NRCC. Apogee: 182 km (113 mi).

1967 October 20 - 10:49 GMT - Resolute Bay -. LV Model: Black Brant 3 . Black Brant III AKF-3-26 Ionosphere / x-ray astronomy mission Agency: NRCC. Apogee: 120 km (70 mi).

1967 October 22 - 09:42 GMT - Resolute Bay -. LV Model: Black Brant 3 . Black Brant III AKF-3-27 Ionosphere/Solar X-ray/X-ray Astronomy mission Agency: NRCC. Apogee: 156 km (96 mi).

1967 December 6 - 16:21 GMT - Fort Churchill -. LV Model: Black Brant 5A . Black Brant VA CRL AF17.750D Particles Ionosphere mission Agency: AFCRL. Apogee: 137 km (85 mi).

1968 January 19 - 02:24 GMT - Fort Churchill -. LV Model: Black Brant 2 . Black Brant II AAF-2-108 Te / ne Aeronomy / ionosphere / Fields mission Agency: NRCC. Apogee: 142 km (88 mi).

1968 January 22 - 03:04 GMT - Fort Churchill -. LV Model: Black Brant 5B . Black Brant VB ADD-VB-11 Hbeta / ne Aurora / ionosphere / plasma mission Agency: NRCC. Apogee: 377 km (234 mi).

1968 January 23 - 05:58 GMT - Fort Churchill -. LV Model: Black Brant 2 . Black Brant II ADD-2-109/ADD-VB-109 Fields / Ionosphere / Micrometeorites Aurora / ionosphere / fields mission Agency: NRCC. Apogee: 151 km (93 mi).

1968 January 30 - 05:03 GMT - Fort Churchill -. LV Model: Black Brant 2 . Black Brant II AKD-2A-111 Aurora mission Agency: NRCC. Apogee: 161 km (100 mi).

1968 March 27 - 04:40 GMT - Fort Churchill -. LV Model: Black Brant 5B . Black Brant VB AAF-VB-04 Auroral fluxes Aurora / ionosphere / plasma mission Agency: NRCC. Apogee: 290 km (180 mi).

1968 April 3 - 13:48 GMT - Fort Churchill -. LV Model: Black Brant 5B . Black Brant VB AAF-VB-05 Auroral fluxes Aurora / ionosphere / plasma mission Agency: NRCC. Apogee: 316 km (196 mi).

1968 April 6 - 02:45 GMT - Fort Churchill -. LV Model: Black Brant 4A . Black Brant IVA AKF-4-10 Calgary CR / ionos Ionosphere / chemical release mission Agency: NRCC. Apogee: 862 km (535 mi).

1968 April 16 - 03:58 GMT - Fort Churchill -. LV Model: Black Brant 2 . Black Brant II AKD-2A-113 Auroral breakup Aurora / aeronomy / ionosphere mission Agency: NRCC. Apogee: 155 km (96 mi).

1968 April 18 - 05:42 GMT - Fort Churchill -. LV Model: Black Brant 2 . Black Brant II AKD-2A-110 Auroral breakup Aurora / aeronomy / ionosphere mission Agency: NRCC. Apogee: 152 km (94 mi).

1968 April 18 - 06:14 GMT - Fort Churchill -. LV Model: Black Brant 2 . Black Brant II AKD-2A-112 Auroral breakup Aurora / aeronomy / ionosphere mission Agency: NRCC. Apogee: 155 km (96 mi).

1968 April 23 - 04:47 GMT - Fort Churchill -. LV Model: Black Brant 2 . Black Brant II AMF-2A-116 FAILURE: Failure. Auroral spectrum Aurora / aeronomy / ionosphere mission Agency: NRCC. Apogee: 21 km (13 mi).

1968 April 23 - 04:47 GMT - Fort Churchill -. LV Model: Black Brant 2 . Black Brant II AMF-2A-115 dup for 116? Aurora / aeronomy / ionosphere mission Agency: NRCC. Apogee: 337 km (209 mi).

1968 May 7 - 05:10 GMT - Wallops Island -. LV Model: Black Brant 4A . Black Brant IVA NASA 19.04II Isis test / ionosphere mission Agency: NASA/DRTE. Apogee: 820 km (500 mi).

1968 June 10 - 15:49 GMT - Fort Churchill -. LV Model: Black Brant 5A . Black Brant VA CRL AH17.751D FAILURE: Failure. D region protons Ionosphere mission Agency: AFCRL. Apogee: 112 km (69 mi).

1968 June 11 - 23:30 GMT - Natal -. LV Model: Black Brant 4A . Black Brant IVA NASA 19.01NE SAAP Magnetospheric mission Agency: NASA. Apogee: 790 km (490 mi).

1968 August 2 - 06:19 GMT - Fort Churchill -. LV Model: Black Brant 5B . Black Brant VB ADD-VB-18 Aeronomy / ionosphere / Fields mission Agency: NRCC. Apogee: 284 km (176 mi).

1968 October 8 - 05:07 GMT - Resolute Bay -. LV Model: Black Brant 3 . Black Brant III AKF-3-40 X-ray astronomy / ionosphere mission Agency: NRCC. Apogee: 153 km (95 mi).

1968 October 9 - 03:20 GMT - Resolute Bay -. LV Model: Black Brant 3 . Black Brant III AKF-3-39 Ionosphere / chemical release / solar x-ray mission Agency: NRCC. Apogee: 120 km (70 mi).

1968 October 31 - 20:56 GMT - Fort Churchill -. LV Model: Black Brant 3 . Black Brant III ADF-3-31 PCA Ionos Aeronomy / ionosphere mission Agency: NRCC. Apogee: 140 km (80 mi).

1968 November 1 - 03:31 GMT - Fort Churchill -. LV Model: Black Brant 3 . Black Brant III ADF-3-33 PCA Ionos Aeronomy / ionosphere / plasma mission Agency: NRCC. Apogee: 138 km (85 mi).

1968 November 19 - 01:38 GMT - Kiruna -. LV Model: Black Brant 3 . Black Brant III K-BB/III-14 DLR K-BB3-14 Ionosphere / plasma mission Agency: DLR. Apogee: 167 km (103 mi).

1968 November 19 - 01:39 GMT - Kiruna -. LV Model: Black Brant 2 . Black Brant II BB-2 Ionosphere / plasma mission Agency: NRCC. Apogee: 167 km (103 mi).

1968 November 19 - 04:29 GMT - Fort Churchill -. LV Model: Black Brant 3 . Black Brant III ADF-3-32 FAILURE: Failure. Ionosphere / plasma mission Agency: NRCC. Apogee: 288 km (178 mi).

1968 November 19 - 08:00 GMT - Fort Churchill -. LV Model: Black Brant 5A . Black Brant VA CRL AG17.757 PCA D-region Plasma mission Agency: AFCRL. Apogee: 129 km (80 mi).

1968 December 3 - 19:30 GMT - Natal -. DLR N-BB4 Magnetospheric mission Agency: DFVLR. Apogee: 700 km (430 mi).

1968 December 3 - 21:58 GMT - Kiruna -. LV Model: Black Brant 3 . Black Brant III K-BB/III-16 DLR K-BB3-16 Ionosphere / plasma mission Agency: DLR. Apogee: 165 km (102 mi).

1968 December 4 - 17:51 GMT - Natal -. FAILURE: Failure. Aeronomy mission Agency: DFVLR. Apogee: 600 km (370 mi).

1968 December 4 - 18:12 GMT - Fort Churchill -. LV Model: Black Brant 4A . Black Brant IVA ALF-IV-12 FAILURE: Failure. Mass spectrometer Aeronomy mission Agency: NRCC. Apogee: 100 km (60 mi).

1968 December 4 - 19:06 GMT - Fort Churchill -. LV Model: Black Brant 3 . Black Brant III ALF-3-17 Aeronomy mission Agency: NRCC. Apogee: 158 km (98 mi).

1968 December 4 - 22:26 GMT - Kiruna -. LV Model: Black Brant 3 . Black Brant III K-BB/III-15 DLR K-BB3-15 Ionosphere / plasma mission Agency: DLR. Apogee: 170 km (100 mi).

1968 December 13 - 09:45 GMT - Fort Churchill LC7. LV Model: Black Brant 2 . Black Brant II AAF-2-125 Geminids Ionosphere / meteorites mission Agency: NRCC. Apogee: 143 km (88 mi).

1968 December 18 - 11:38 GMT - Fort Churchill -. LV Model: Black Brant 5B . Black Brant VB AKD-VB-21 Calgary auroral Aurora / ionosphere mission Aurora / ionosphere mission Agency: NRCC. Apogee: 363 km (225 mi).

1969 January 14 - 05:25 GMT - Fort Churchill -. LV Model: Black Brant 4A . Black Brant IVA AAF-4-17 FAILURE: Failure. Aeronomy / plasma mission Agency: NRCC. Apogee: 99 km (61 mi).

1969 January 28 - 07:16 GMT - Fort Churchill -. LV Model: Black Brant 2 . Black Brant II AEF-2-118 N2, temperature profile Aeronomy mission Agency: NRCC. Apogee: 149 km (92 mi).

1969 February 13 - 23:11 GMT - Wallops Island -. LV Model: Black Brant 2 . Black Brant II AMF-2-46 Aeronomy mission Agency: NRCC. Apogee: 265 km (164 mi).

1969 February 19 - 04:17 GMT - Fort Churchill -. LV Model: Black Brant 2 . Black Brant II AMF-2-117 VUV auroral spectrum Aurora mission Agency: NRCC. Apogee: 124 km (77 mi).

1969 February 28 - 18:57 GMT - Wallops Island -. LV Model: Black Brant 3B . Black Brant IIIB NASA 12.04GT Test mission Agency: NASA. Apogee: 215 km (133 mi).

1969 March 6 - 06:14 GMT - Fort Churchill -. LV Model: Black Brant 4A . Black Brant IVA AAD-4-16 Ionosphere / plasma mission Agency: NRCC. Apogee: 791 km (491 mi).

1969 March 10 - 04:40 GMT - Fort Churchill -. LV Model: Black Brant 5B . Black Brant VB AKD-VB-20 Aurora / ionosphere / solar mission Agency: NRCC. Apogee: 362 km (224 mi).

1969 March 11 - 03:33 GMT - Fort Churchill -. LV Model: Black Brant 5B . Black Brant VB AAF-VB-22 Aurora / aeronomy / ionosphere mission Agency: NRCC. Apogee: 141 km (87 mi).

1969 March 29 - 00:41 GMT - Fort Churchill -. LV Model: Black Brant 3 . Black Brant III ADF-3-37 O2 infrared profile Aurora mission Agency: NRCC. Apogee: 108 km (67 mi).

1969 March 29 - 11:58 GMT - Fort Churchill -. LV Model: Black Brant 3 . Black Brant III ADF-3-38 O2 infrared profile Aurora mission Agency: NRCC. Apogee: 114 km (70 mi).

1969 April 1 - 04:38 GMT - Fort Churchill -. LV Model: Black Brant 5B . Black Brant VB ADD-VB-23 VUV auroral Aurora mission Agency: NRCC. Apogee: 372 km (231 mi).

1969 April 12 - 19:00 GMT - Fort Churchill -. LV Model: Black Brant 3 . Black Brant III ADF-3-29 FAILURE: Failure. Ionosphere mission Agency: NRCC. Apogee: 26 km (16 mi).

1969 May 1 - 20:00 GMT - Fort Churchill -. LV Model: Black Brant 4A . Black Brant IVA AHF-4-14 Electron content Ionosphere mission Agency: NRCC. Apogee: 760 km (470 mi).

1969 May 1 - 20:26 GMT - Wallops Island -. LV Model: Black Brant 3B . Black Brant IIIB NASA 12.15GT Test mission Agency: NASA. Apogee: 215 km (133 mi).

1969 May 7 - 14:00 GMT - Fort Churchill -. LV Model: Black Brant 4A . Black Brant IVA AHF-4-15 Electron content Ionosphere mission Agency: NRCC. Apogee: 820 km (500 mi).

1969 June 15 - 14:05 GMT - Natal -. LV Model: Black Brant 4A . Black Brant IVA CRL A16.010-01 VLF Propagation Ionosphere mission Agency: USAF. Apogee: 582 km (361 mi).

1969 September 6 - 14:10 GMT - Natal -. LV Model: Black Brant 4A . Black Brant IVA CRL A16.010-02 VLF Propagation Ionosphere mission Agency: USAF. Apogee: 623 km (387 mi).

1969 September 11 - 01:07 GMT - Fort Churchill -. LV Model: Black Brant 2 . Black Brant II AAD-2-122 Aeronomy / ionosphere / meteorites mission Agency: NRCC. Apogee: 137 km (85 mi).

1969 September 12 - 01:02 GMT - Fort Churchill -. LV Model: Black Brant 2 . Black Brant II AAD-2-123 Aeronomy / ionosphere / meteorites mission Agency: NRCC. Apogee: 138 km (85 mi).

1969 September 19 - 03:15 GMT - Natal -. LV Model: Black Brant 4A . Black Brant IVA NASA 19.05NE Plasma mission Agency: NASA. Apogee: 856 km (531 mi).

1969 October 25 - 06:00 GMT - Resolute Bay -. LV Model: Black Brant 3B . Black Brant IIIB AKF-3B-50 Soft X-ray survey X-ray astronomy mission Agency: NRCC. Apogee: 192 km (119 mi).

1969 October 26 - 06:40 GMT - Resolute Bay -. LV Model: Black Brant 3B . Black Brant IIIB AAF-3B-51 Soft X-ray survey X-ray astronomy mission Agency: NRCC. Apogee: 197 km (122 mi).

1969 November 2 - 20:20 GMT - Fort Churchill -. LV Model: Black Brant 5A . Black Brant VA CRL AJ17.602 Polar Cap U-2 Plasma mission Agency: AFCRL. Apogee: 120 km (70 mi).

1969 November 3 - 06:05 GMT - Fort Churchill -. LV Model: Black Brant 5A . Black Brant VA CRL AJ17.758 Polar Cap U-1 Plasma mission Agency: AFCRL. Apogee: 126 km (78 mi).

1969 November 3 - 10:28 GMT - Resolute Bay -. LV Model: Black Brant 3B . Black Brant IIIB AAF-3B-48 Aurora / chemical release mission Agency: NRCC. Apogee: 200 km (120 mi).

1969 November 3 - 13:52 GMT - Fort Churchill -. LV Model: Black Brant 5A . Black Brant VA CRL AJ17.616 Polar Cap U-5 Plasma mission Agency: AFCRL. Apogee: 113 km (70 mi).

1969 November 3 - 17:11 GMT - Fort Churchill -. LV Model: Black Brant 5A . Black Brant VA CRL A17.906-1 Polar Ionosphere Ionosphere mission Agency: AFCRL. Apogee: 126 km (78 mi).

1969 November 3 - 22:45 GMT - Fort Churchill -. LV Model: Black Brant 5A . Black Brant VA CRL AJ17.611 Polar Cap U-3 Plasma mission Agency: AFCRL. Apogee: 82 km (50 mi).

1969 November 4 - 23:08 GMT - Fort Churchill -. LV Model: Black Brant 5A . Black Brant VA CRL AJ17.617 Polar Cap U-6 Plasma mission Agency: AFCRL. Apogee: 126 km (78 mi).

1969 November 5 - 11:18 GMT - Resolute Bay -. LV Model: Black Brant 3B . Black Brant IIIB AAF-3B-49 Aurora / chemical release mission Agency: NRCC. Apogee: 200 km (120 mi).

1969 November 8 - 07:30 GMT - Wallops Island -. LV Model: Black Brant 5B . Black Brant VB NRL NF9.207 Infrared astronomy mission Agency: NRL. Apogee: 189 km (117 mi).

1969 December 3 - 18:42 GMT - Fort Churchill -. LV Model: Black Brant 3 . Black Brant III AMF-3-47 Aeronomy mission Agency: NRCC. Apogee: 120 km (70 mi).

1969 December 3 - 23:12 GMT - Fort Churchill -. LV Model: Black Brant 3 . Black Brant III AMF-3-46 Aeronomy mission Agency: NRCC. Apogee: 117 km (72 mi).

1969 December 15 - 02:27 GMT - Fort Churchill -. LV Model: Black Brant 4A . Black Brant IVA AAF-4-20 Auroral particles Aurora / ionosphere mission Aurora / ionosphere mission Agency: NRCC. Apogee: 774 km (480 mi).

1970 January 14 - 04:41 GMT - Fort Churchill -. LV Model: Black Brant 5B . Black Brant VB AAF-VB-29 Auroral lower elevatuib Ionosphere / plasma / meteor mission Agency: NRCC. Apogee: 128 km (79 mi).

1970 February 2 - 23:07 GMT - Andoya -. LV Model: Black Brant 5A . Black Brant VA A-BBVA-23 DLR A-BBV-23 Synove Aeronomy / ionosphere / plasma mission Agency: DLR. Apogee: 202 km (125 mi).

1970 February 14 - 03:26 GMT - Andoya -. LV Model: Black Brant 5A . Black Brant VA A-BBVA-24 DLR A-BBV-24 Monica Aeronomy / ionosphere / plasma mission Agency: DLR. Apogee: 210 km (130 mi).

1970 February 14 - 05:01 GMT - Andoya -. LV Model: Black Brant 5A . Black Brant VA A-BBVA-25 DLR A-BBV-25 Evelyn Aeronomy / ionosphere / plasma mission Agency: DLR. Apogee: 223 km (138 mi).

1970 February 24 - 07:19 GMT - Fort Churchill -. LV Model: Black Brant 4A . Black Brant IVA AAD-4-23 VLF / Particles Ionosphere / plasma mission Agency: NRCC. Apogee: 796 km (494 mi).

1970 March 6 - 02:12 GMT - Andoya -. LV Model: Black Brant 5A . Black Brant VA A-BBVA-27 DLR A-BBV-27 Chr'ine Aeronomy / ionosphere / plasma mission Agency: DLR. Apogee: 217 km (134 mi).

1970 March 7 - 17:40 GMT - East Quoddy -. LV Model: Black Brant 3 . Black Brant III AAF-3A-42 Eclipse solar ultraviolet and x-rays mission Agency: NRCC. Apogee: 152 km (94 mi).

1970 March 7 - 18:55 GMT - East Quoddy -. LV Model: Black Brant 3 . Black Brant III AAF-3A-43 Eclipse solar ultraviolet and x-rays mission Agency: NRCC. Apogee: 156 km (96 mi).

1970 March 7 - 18:57 GMT - East Quoddy -. LV Model: Black Brant 3 . Black Brant III AAF-3A-44 Eclipse solar ultraviolet and x-rays mission Agency: NRCC. Apogee: 156 km (96 mi).

1970 March 7 - 19:03 GMT - East Quoddy -. LV Model: Black Brant 3 . Black Brant III AAF-3A-45 Eclipse solar ultraviolet and x-rays mission Agency: NRCC. Apogee: 156 km (96 mi).

1970 March 8 - 02:03 GMT - Andoya -. DLR A-BBV-26 Inger Aeronomy / ionosphere / plasma mission Agency: DLR. Apogee: 161 km (100 mi).

1970 March 15 - 13:35 GMT - Andoya -. DLR A-BB4-28 Eva Ionosphere / plasma mission Agency: DFVLR. Apogee: 650 km (400 mi).

1970 March 18 - 02:45 GMT - Andoya -. DLR A-BB4-29 Gerda Ionosphere / plasma mission Agency: DFVLR. Apogee: 665 km (413 mi).

1970 April 4 - 16:28 GMT - Eglin -. LV Model: Black Brant 5C . Black Brant VC CRL A18.903-3 Extreme ultraviolet Solar extreme ultraviolet mission Agency: AFCRL. Apogee: 354 km (219 mi).

1970 April 22 - 08:11 GMT - Fort Churchill -. LV Model: Black Brant 2 . Black Brant II AEF-2-121 FAILURE: Failure. Aeronomy / ionosphere mission Agency: NRCC. Apogee: 75 km (46 mi).

1970 April 24 - 00:52 GMT - Fort Churchill -. LV Model: Black Brant 5B . Black Brant VB AMD-VB-25 Aurora / ionosphere mission Aurora / ionosphere mission Agency: NRCC. Apogee: 288 km (178 mi).

1970 August 16 - 03:56 GMT - Fort Churchill -. LV Model: Black Brant 5B . Black Brant VB AAD-VB-31 E fields Ionosphere mission Agency: NRCC. Apogee: 260 km (160 mi).

1970 August 21 - 01:17 GMT - Fort Churchill -. LV Model: Black Brant 4A . Black Brant IVA CRL A16.010-03 FAILURE: Failure. Propagation Ionosphere mission Agency: AFCRL. Apogee: 56 km (34 mi).

1970 September 25 - 03:10 GMT - Natal -. LV Model: Black Brant 4A . Black Brant IVA NASA 19.02NE Plasma mission Agency: NASA. Apogee: 600 km (370 mi).

1970 September 29 - 03:00 GMT - Natal -. LV Model: Black Brant 4A . Black Brant IVA NASA 19.03NE Plasma mission Agency: NASA. Apogee: 600 km (370 mi).

1970 December 7 - 21:34 GMT - Natal -. LV Model: Black Brant 4A . Black Brant IVA AKF-4A-19 Twilight airglow Aeronomy / x-ray astronomy mission Agency: NRCC. Apogee: 770 km (470 mi).

1970 December 14 - 10:02 GMT - Fort Churchill -. LV Model: Black Brant 5B . Black Brant VB AAD-VB-30 Geminids Ionosphere / meteorites mission Agency: NRCC. Apogee: 340 km (210 mi).

1970 December 15 - 19:40 GMT - Fort Churchill -. MDSS-001 test Agency: BAL. Apogee: 30 km (18 mi).

1970 December 16 - 15:44 GMT - Fort Churchill -. MDSS-002 test Agency: BAL. Apogee: 30 km (18 mi).

1970 December 16 - 17:15 GMT - Fort Churchill -. MDSS-003 test Agency: BAL. Apogee: 30 km (18 mi).

1970 December 16 - 20:26 GMT - Fort Churchill -. MDSS-004 test Agency: BAL. Apogee: 30 km (18 mi).

1971 January 13 - 20:10 GMT - Fort Churchill -. LV Model: Black Brant 2 . Black Brant II ADD-2-124 O2 profile Aeronomy mission Agency: NRCC. Apogee: 146 km (90 mi).

1971 January 21 - 02:32 GMT - Fort Churchill -. LV Model: Black Brant 5B . Black Brant VB AKD-VB-27 Auroral Aurora / ionosphere / plasma mission Agency: NRCC. Apogee: 258 km (160 mi).

1971 January 23 - 04:44 GMT - Fort Churchill -. LV Model: Black Brant 5B . Black Brant VB ADD-VB-24 Auroral VUV Aurora / ionosphere / plasma mission Agency: NRCC. Apogee: 375 km (233 mi).

1971 January 26 - 17:23 GMT - Fort Churchill -. LV Model: Black Brant 5B . Black Brant VB AMD-VB-26 Airglow Ionosphere / solar mission Agency: NRCC. Apogee: 282 km (175 mi).

1971 February 5 - 22:46 GMT - Fort Churchill -. LV Model: Black Brant 4B . Black Brant IVB AKF-4B-24 Impedance dipole Aurora / ionosphere / meteorology mission Agency: NRCC. Apogee: 784 km (487 mi).

1971 February 20 - 03:23 GMT - Fort Churchill -. LV Model: Black Brant 4A . Black Brant IVA AKF-4A-18 Auroral emissions Aurora / ionosphere / plasma mission Agency: NRCC. Apogee: 785 km (487 mi).

1971 February 25 - 01:13 GMT - Wallops Island -. Airglow Aeronomy mission Agency: NRL. Apogee: 275 km (170 mi).

1971 February 28 - 07:53 GMT - Fort Churchill -. LV Model: Black Brant 3 . Black Brant III AND-3-41 Microwave background Submillimeter radio astronomy mission Agency: NRCC. Apogee: 152 km (94 mi).

1971 March 3 - 06:52 GMT - Fort Churchill -. LV Model: Black Brant 5B . Black Brant VB AAF-VB-32 Electrons / ions Aurora mission Agency: NRCC. Apogee: 275 km (170 mi).

1971 March 20 - 07:53 GMT - Fort Churchill -. LV Model: Black Brant 2 . Black Brant II AHF-2-115 Auroral VUV Test / aurora / ionosphere mission Agency: NRCC. Apogee: 151 km (93 mi).

1971 March 24 - 05:26 GMT - Fort Churchill -. LV Model: Black Brant 5C . Black Brant VC CRL A18.006-3 Airglow / Auroral infrared Aeronomy mission Agency: AFCRL. Apogee: 366 km (227 mi).

1971 April 26 - 15:35 GMT - Fort Churchill -. F-EXM-006 test Agency: BAL. Apogee: 29 km (18 mi).

1971 April 26 - 17:02 GMT - Fort Churchill -. F-EXM-005 test Agency: BAL. Apogee: 29 km (18 mi).

1971 April 26 - 18:06 GMT - Fort Churchill -. F-EXM-008 test Agency: BAL. Apogee: 37 km (22 mi).

1971 April 26 - 19:33 GMT - Fort Churchill -. F-EXM-009 test Agency: BAL. Apogee: 36 km (22 mi).

1971 April 26 - 20:44 GMT - Fort Churchill -. F-EXM-007 test Agency: BAL. Apogee: 32 km (19 mi).

1971 May 5 - 14:43 GMT - Fort Churchill -. F-EXM-010 test Agency: BAL. Apogee: 38 km (23 mi).

1971 May 5 - 15:46 GMT - Fort Churchill -. F-EXM-011 test Agency: BAL. Apogee: 36 km (22 mi).

1971 May 5 - 16:45 GMT - Fort Churchill -. F-EXM-012 test Agency: BAL. Apogee: 38 km (23 mi).

1971 May 5 - 17:17 GMT - Fort Churchill -. F-EXM-013 test Agency: BAL. Apogee: 34 km (21 mi).

1971 May 5 - 18:25 GMT - Fort Churchill -. F-EXM-014 test Agency: BAL. Apogee: 35 km (21 mi).

1971 May 5 - 18:56 GMT - Fort Churchill -. F-EXM-015 test Agency: BAL. Apogee: 35 km (21 mi).

1971 May 5 - 19:24 GMT - Fort Churchill -. F-EXM-016 test Agency: BAL. Apogee: 35 km (21 mi).

1971 June 7 - 19:35 GMT - Fort Churchill -. LV Model: Black Brant 4A . Black Brant IVA CRL A16.108-1 VLF Propagation Ionosphere VLF mission Agency: AFCRL. Apogee: 800 km (490 mi).

1971 July 21 - 16:00 GMT - Wallops Island -. LV Model: Black Brant 5C . Black Brant VC NASA 21.04GT FAILURE: Failure. Test mission Agency: NASA. Apogee: 174 km (108 mi).

1971 September 4 - 13:52 GMT - Resolute Bay -. LV Model: Black Brant 3B . Black Brant IIIB NASA 22.01UE Plasma mission Agency: NASA. Apogee: 150 km (90 mi).

1971 September 5 - 13:44 GMT - Resolute Bay -. LV Model: Black Brant 3 . Black Brant III NASA 22.02UE Plasma mission Agency: NASA. Apogee: 150 km (90 mi).

1972 January 15 - 05:37 GMT - Gillam -. LV Model: Black Brant 3B . Black Brant IIIB AAF-3B-53 Auroral mission Agency: NRCC. Apogee: 190 km (110 mi).

1972 January 15 - 06:01 GMT - Fort Churchill -. LV Model: Black Brant 5B . Black Brant VB AAF-VB-33 Not in FC Aeronomy / plasma mission Agency: NRCC. Apogee: 300 km (180 mi).

1972 January 15 - 06:04 GMT - Fort Churchill -. LV Model: Black Brant 4B . Black Brant IVB AAF-4B-25 Not in FC Ionosphere mission Agency: NRCC. Apogee: 800 km (490 mi).

1972 January 27 - 15:39 GMT - Fort Churchill -. F-EXM-064 test Agency: BAL. Apogee: 38 km (23 mi).

1972 January 27 - 18:16 GMT - Wallops Island -. LV Model: Black Brant 5C . Black Brant VC NASA 21.06GT MSFC RR-1 Microgravity mission Agency: NASA. Apogee: 232 km (144 mi).

1972 January 27 - 18:32 GMT - Fort Churchill -. F-EXM-065 test Agency: BAL. Apogee: 34 km (21 mi).

1972 January 27 - 19:36 GMT - Fort Churchill -. F-EXM-056 test Agency: BAL. Apogee: 34 km (21 mi).

1972 January 27 - 21:48 GMT - Fort Churchill -. F-EXM-052 test Agency: BAL. Apogee: 40 km (24 mi).

1972 February 3 - 13:55 GMT - Natal -. LV Model: Black Brant 5C . Black Brant VC N-BB/V-42 DLR N-BBV-42 Aurora / ionosphere mission Agency: DLR. Apogee: 250 km (150 mi).

1972 February 8 - 09:45 GMT - Fort Churchill -. LV Model: Black Brant 3 . Black Brant III ADD-3A-54 Infrared airglow profile Aeronomy / ionosphere / infrared astronomy mission Agency: NRCC. Apogee: 121 km (75 mi).

1972 February 14 - Fort Churchill -. Not in FC Agency: NRCC. Apogee: 309 km (192 mi).

1972 February 15 - 03:48 GMT - Fort Churchill -. LV Model: Black Brant 2 . Black Brant II ADD-2-114 Auroral VUV Aurora / ionosphere mission Aurora / ionosphere mission Agency: NRCC. Apogee: 133 km (82 mi).

1972 March 8 - 10:32 GMT - Natal -. LV Model: Black Brant 5C . Black Brant VC N-BB/V-41 DLR N-BBV-41 Aeronomy / ionosphere mission Agency: DLR. Apogee: 223 km (138 mi).

1972 March 16 - 10:16 GMT - Poker Flat -. LV Model: Black Brant 5A . Black Brant VA CRL A17.110-3 ICECAP 72 Plasma / infrared aeronomy mission Agency: AFCRL. Apogee: 145 km (90 mi).

1972 March 21 - 08:37 GMT - Fort Churchill -. LV Model: Black Brant 3 . Black Brant III AMF-3A-52 Oxygen recombination Aeronomy mission Agency: NRCC. Apogee: 119 km (73 mi).

1972 March 24 - 09:44 GMT - Fort Churchill -. LV Model: Black Brant 5B . Black Brant VB AED-VB-28 Nightglow Aeronomy / ionosphere mission Agency: NRCC. Apogee: 193 km (119 mi).

1972 April 5 - 05:46 GMT - Fort Churchill -. LV Model: Black Brant 5C . Black Brant VC CRL A18.109-1 E Field / Particles Plasma / aurora mission Agency: AFCRL. Apogee: 247 km (153 mi).

1972 May 17 - 07:00 GMT - Fort Churchill -. LV Model: Black Brant 4B . Black Brant IVB APF-4B-26 X-ray survey X-ray astronomy mission Agency: NRCC. Apogee: 660 km (410 mi).

1972 May 31 - 22:25 GMT - White Sands LC36. LV Model: Black Brant 5C . Black Brant VC NASA 21.01US Solar mission Agency: NASA. Apogee: 207 km (128 mi).

1972 June 9 - 05:25 GMT - White Sands LC36. LV Model: Black Brant 5C . Black Brant VC NASA 21.08UG Astronomy mission Agency: NASA. Apogee: 255 km (158 mi).

1972 July 10 - 11:00 GMT - Fort Churchill -. LV Model: Black Brant 3 . Black Brant III ADD-3A-55 Aeronomy / Solar Eclipse mission Agency: NRCC. Apogee: 106 km (65 mi).

1972 July 10 - 19:19 GMT - Fort Churchill -. LV Model: Black Brant 3 . Black Brant III ADD-3A-56 Aeronomy / Solar Eclipse mission Agency: NRCC. Apogee: 115 km (71 mi).

1972 July 10 - 19:50 GMT - Fort Churchill -. LV Model: Black Brant 3 . Black Brant III ADD-3A-57 Aeronomy / Solar Eclipse mission Agency: NRCC. Apogee: 166 km (103 mi).

1972 July 10 - 20:26 GMT - Fort Churchill -. LV Model: Black Brant 3 . Black Brant III ADD-3A-58 Aeronomy / Solar Eclipse mission Agency: NRCC. Apogee: 103 km (64 mi).

1972 July 10 - 20:29 GMT - East Quoddy -. LV Model: Black Brant 3 . Black Brant III ADD-3A-59 Solar ultraviolet and x-ray mission Agency: NRCC. Apogee: 143 km (88 mi).

1972 July 10 - 21:32 GMT - East Quoddy -. LV Model: Black Brant 3 . Black Brant III ADD-3A-60 Solar ultraviolet and x-ray mission Agency: NRCC. Apogee: 148 km (91 mi).

1972 July 10 - 21:39 GMT - East Quoddy -. LV Model: Black Brant 3 . Black Brant III ADD-3A-61 Solar ultraviolet and x-ray mission Agency: NRCC. Apogee: 144 km (89 mi).

1972 July 10 - 21:41 GMT - East Quoddy -. LV Model: Black Brant 3 . Black Brant III ADD-3A-62 Solar ultraviolet and x-ray mission Agency: NRCC. Apogee: 152 km (94 mi).

1972 July 12 - 19:07 GMT - Fort Churchill -. MDSS FP-019 test Agency: BAL. Apogee: 71 km (44 mi).

1972 July 12 - 20:52 GMT - Fort Churchill -. MDSS FP-020 test Agency: BAL. Apogee: 72 km (44 mi).

1972 July 12 - 22:30 GMT - Fort Churchill -. FAILURE: Failure. MDSS FP-022 test Agency: BAL. Apogee: 14 km (8 mi).

1972 July 12 - 23:35 GMT - Fort Churchill -. MDSS FP-021 test Agency: BAL. Apogee: 67 km (41 mi).

1972 July 13 - 00:13 GMT - Fort Churchill -. FAILURE: Failure. MDSS FP-023 test Agency: BAL. Apogee: 7.00 km (4.30 mi).

1972 July 13 - 00:46 GMT - Fort Churchill -. MDSS FP-025 test Agency: BAL. Apogee: 77 km (47 mi).

1972 July 13 - 18:54 GMT - Fort Churchill -. FAILURE: Failure. MDSS FP-028 test Agency: BAL. Apogee: 16 km (9 mi).

1972 July 13 - 19:52 GMT - Fort Churchill -. MDSS FP-029 test Agency: BAL. Apogee: 73 km (45 mi).

1972 July 13 - 21:34 GMT - Fort Churchill -. MDSS FP-027 test Agency: BAL. Apogee: 76 km (47 mi).

1972 July 13 - 23:30 GMT - Fort Churchill -. MDSS FP-026 test Agency: BAL. Apogee: 74 km (45 mi).

1972 July 14 - 14:53 GMT - Fort Churchill -. MDSS FP-024 test Agency: BAL. Apogee: 78 km (48 mi).

1972 July 15 - 17:12 GMT - Eglin -. LV Model: Black Brant 5B . Black Brant VB CRL A18.903-4 FAILURE: Failure. RM-52 extreme ultraviolet Aeronomy / solar ultraviolet mission Agency: AFCRL. Apogee: 7.00 km (4.30 mi).

1972 September 24 - 14:05 GMT - Fort Churchill -. LV Model: Black Brant 5A . Black Brant VA CRL A17.110-2 Auroral D / E region Ionosphere mission Agency: AFCRL. Apogee: 127 km (78 mi).

1972 September 25 - 02:40 GMT - Fort Churchill -. LV Model: Black Brant 5C . Black Brant VC NASA 21.05UE ECHO II Plasma mission Agency: NASA. Apogee: 256 km (159 mi).

1972 September 25 - 19:24 GMT - Fort Churchill -. LV Model: Black Brant 5A . Black Brant VA CRL A17.110-1 Auroral D / E region Ionosphere mission Agency: AFCRL. Apogee: 126 km (78 mi).

1972 October 11 - 03:00 GMT - Fort Churchill -. LV Model: Black Brant 5A . Black Brant VA NRL NF9.250 Auroral infrared Aurora mission Agency: NRL. Apogee: 144 km (89 mi).

1972 October 24 - 17:20 GMT - White Sands LC36. LV Model: Black Brant 5B . Black Brant VB NASA 21.20GT CALROC test Agency: NASA. Apogee: 282 km (175 mi).

1972 November 2 - 04:27 GMT - Fort Churchill -. LV Model: Black Brant 5C . Black Brant VC NASA 21.02UI Ionosphere mission Agency: NASA. Apogee: 237 km (147 mi).

1972 December 1 - 01:23 GMT - Fort Churchill -. LV Model: Black Brant 3B . Black Brant IIIB AND-3B-63 Microwave background Submillimeter radio astronomy mission Agency: NRCC. Apogee: 185 km (114 mi).

1972 December 5 - 07:00 GMT - Fort Churchill -. LV Model: Black Brant 5C . Black Brant VC CRL A18.006-5 Auroral infrared Aeronomy mission Agency: AFCRL. Apogee: 194 km (120 mi).

1973 January 22 - 23:10 GMT - White Sands LC36. LV Model: Black Brant 5C . Black Brant VC NASA 21.09GT-US Aeronomy / solar extreme ultraviolet mission Agency: NASA. Apogee: 277 km (172 mi).

1973 January 29 - 05:02 GMT - Fort Churchill -. LV Model: Black Brant 4B . Black Brant IVB AAF-4B-27 Aurora mission Agency: NRCC. Apogee: 760 km (470 mi).

1973 February 1 - 14:33 GMT - Natal -. DLR N-BBVC-52 Aeronomy / ionosphere mission Agency: DFVLR. Apogee: 308 km (191 mi).

1973 February 2 - 06:15 GMT - Gillam -. LV Model: Black Brant 3B . Black Brant IIIB AAF-3B-67 Auroral mission Agency: NRCC. Apogee: 200 km (120 mi).

1973 February 2 - 06:20 GMT - Fort Churchill -. LV Model: Black Brant 5B . Black Brant VB AAF-VB-36 Auroral substorm Aurora / aeronomy / plasma mission Agency: NRCC. Apogee: 335 km (208 mi).

1973 February 3 - Natal -. DLR N-BBVC-50? Aeronomy mission Agency: DFVLR. Apogee: 97 km (60 mi).

1973 February 7 - 14:09 GMT - Natal -. DLR N-BBVC-54 Aeronomy mission Agency: DFVLR. Apogee: 211 km (131 mi).

1973 February 9 - 02:53 GMT - Fort Churchill -. LV Model: Black Brant 4B . Black Brant IVB AAF-4B-28 Aeronomy / plasma / aurora mission Agency: NRCC. Apogee: 760 km (470 mi).

1973 February 9 - 04:08 GMT - White Sands LC36. LV Model: Black Brant 5C . Black Brant VC NASA 21.16UG Astronomy mission Agency: NASA. Apogee: 216 km (134 mi).

1973 February 15 - 02:16 GMT - Natal -. DLR N-BBVC-53 Aeronomy mission Agency: DFVLR. Apogee: 315 km (195 mi).

1973 February 22 - 03:49 GMT - Fort Churchill -. LV Model: Black Brant 3B . Black Brant IIIB AAD-3B-64 Auroral plasma Aeronomy mission Agency: NRCC. Apogee: 207 km (128 mi).

1973 February 24 - 07:20 GMT - Fort Churchill -. LV Model: Black Brant 3B . Black Brant IIIB AAD-3B-65 Auroral plasma Aeronomy mission Agency: NRCC. Apogee: 190 km (110 mi).

1973 February 26 - 03:23 GMT - Fort Churchill -. LV Model: Black Brant 2 . Black Brant II ADD-2-127 Auroral VUV Aurora / aeronomy / ionosphere mission Agency: NRCC. Apogee: 132 km (82 mi).

1973 March 22 - 12:12 GMT - Poker Flat -. LV Model: Black Brant 5C . Black Brant VC CRL A18.006-2 Auroral mission Agency: AFCRL. Apogee: 183 km (113 mi).

1973 March 27 - 09:37 GMT - Poker Flat -. LV Model: Black Brant 5C . Black Brant VC CRL A18.205-1 Ionosphere mission Agency: AFCRL. Apogee: 181 km (112 mi).

1973 April 3 - 17:20 GMT - White Sands LC36. LV Model: Black Brant 5C . Black Brant VC NASA 21.11DS-NP Solar mission Agency: NASA. Apogee: 245 km (152 mi).

1973 May 12 - 12:41 GMT - Andoya -. LV Model: Black Brant 5C . Black Brant VC A-BBVC-51 DLR A-BBVC-51 Erna Aeronomy /ionosphere mission Agency: DFVLR. Apogee: 305 km (189 mi).

1973 May 16 - 09:19 GMT - Fort Churchill -. LV Model: Black Brant 5B . Black Brant VB AAF-VB-37 Tower modification test / aeronomy / ionosphere / solar mission Agency: NRCC. Apogee: 301 km (187 mi).

1973 May 16 - 11:06 GMT - Fort Churchill -. LV Model: Black Brant 6 . Black Brant VI AAF-VI-01 Dust collector Aeronomy mission Agency: NRCC. Apogee: 78 km (48 mi).

1973 May 18 - 16:00 GMT - White Sands LC36. LV Model: Black Brant 5C . Black Brant VC NASA 21.19US-GT Test / aeronomy / solar extreme ultraviolet mission Agency: NASA. Apogee: 267 km (165 mi).

1973 June 4 - 17:10 GMT - White Sands LC36. LV Model: Black Brant 5C . Black Brant VC NASA 21.21NP-US FAILURE: Failure. CALROC 1 Solar extreme ultraviolet mission Agency: NASA. Apogee: 132 km (82 mi).

1973 June 13 - 17:38 GMT - White Sands LC36. LV Model: Black Brant 5C . Black Brant VC NASA 21.12DS-NP Solar Ultraviolet/Solar X-ray mission Agency: NASA. Apogee: 241 km (149 mi).

1973 June 21 - 10:30 GMT - Barking Sands -. LV Model: Black Brant 4B . Black Brant IVB APF-4B-30 Galactic X-rays X-ray astronomy mission Agency: NRCC. Apogee: 686 km (426 mi).

1973 July 4 - 03:27 GMT - Andoya -. LV Model: Black Brant 5C . Black Brant VC A-BBVC-49 DLR A-BBVC-49 Barbara Aeronomy /ionosphere mission Agency: DFVLR. Apogee: 260 km (160 mi).

1973 August 9 - Wallops Island -. LV Model: Black Brant 4B . Black Brant IVB NASA 19.07GT Test mission Agency: NASA. Apogee: 250 km (150 mi).

1973 August 9 - 17:30 GMT - White Sands LC36. LV Model: Black Brant 5C . Black Brant VC NASA 21.22NP-US CALROC 2 Solar extreme ultraviolet mission Agency: NASA. Apogee: 269 km (167 mi).

1973 August 9 - 20:12 GMT - Wallops Island -. LV Model: Black Brant 4B . Black Brant IVB CRL A16.000-01 HI Rate Midas Conv test Agency: AFCRL. Apogee: 605 km (375 mi).

1973 August 30 - 17:01 GMT - White Sands LC36. LV Model: Black Brant 5C . Black Brant VC NASA 21.07US Solar mission Agency: NASA. Apogee: 299 km (185 mi).

1973 September 4 - 16:45 GMT - White Sands LC36. LV Model: Black Brant 5C . Black Brant VC NASA 21.13DS-NP Solar Ultraviolet/Solar X-ray mission Agency: NASA. Apogee: 235 km (146 mi).

1973 October 24 - 03:05 GMT - Eglin -. LV Model: Black Brant 4A . Black Brant IVA CRL A16.313-01 VLF Propagation Ionosphere VLF mission Agency: AFCRL. Apogee: 609 km (378 mi).

1973 October 25 - 03:07 GMT - Eglin -. LV Model: Black Brant 4A . Black Brant IVA CRL A16.313-02 VLF Propagation Ionosphere VLF mission Agency: AFCRL. Apogee: 600 km (370 mi).

1973 November 22 - 21:29 GMT - Natal -. Ionosphere / plasma mission Agency: DFVLR. Apogee: 650 km (400 mi).

1973 November 25 - 22:47 GMT - Fort Churchill -. LV Model: Black Brant 5A . Black Brant VA AMF-VA-40 FAILURE: Failure. Auroral mission Agency: NRCC. Apogee: 103 km (64 mi).

1973 November 27 - 15:06 GMT - Poker Flat -. LV Model: Black Brant 4A . Black Brant IVA NASA 19.08UA Skylab Ba+ Aeronomy mission Agency: NASA. Apogee: 552 km (342 mi).

1973 December 4 - 15:20 GMT - Poker Flat -. LV Model: Black Brant 4A . Black Brant IVA NASA 19.09UA Skylab Ba+ Aeronomy mission Agency: NASA. Apogee: 570 km (350 mi).

1973 December 10 - 19:10 GMT - White Sands LC36. LV Model: Black Brant 5C . Black Brant VC NASA 21.23NP-US CALROC 3 Solar extreme ultraviolet mission Agency: NASA. Apogee: 269 km (167 mi).

1974 January 15 - 20:00 GMT - White Sands LC36. LV Model: Black Brant 5C . Black Brant VC NASA 21.14DS-NP Solar mission Agency: NASA. Apogee: 234 km (145 mi).

1974 January 23 - 06:06 GMT - Fort Churchill -. LV Model: Black Brant 5B . Black Brant VB AMD-VB-34 Aurora / aeronomy / ionosphere mission Agency: NRCC. Apogee: 208 km (129 mi).

1974 February 6 - 22:48 GMT - Andoya -. LV Model: Black Brant 4B . Black Brant IVB (ESRO) D-101 DLR A-BB4-63 Auroral mission Agency: DFVLR. Apogee: 548 km (340 mi).

1974 February 13 - 22:01 GMT - Fort Churchill -. LV Model: Black Brant 4B . Black Brant IVB AAF-4B-31 Aurora / ionosphere / fields mission Agency: NRCC. Apogee: 638 km (396 mi).

1974 February 14 - 06:07 GMT - Poker Flat -. LV Model: Black Brant 5C . Black Brant VC CRL A18.006-4 CVF Aeronomy mission Agency: AFCRL. Apogee: 200 km (120 mi).

1974 February 21 - 09:16 GMT - Poker Flat -. LV Model: Black Brant 5C . Black Brant VC CRL A18.116-1 HIRIS Aeronomy mission Agency: AFCRL. Apogee: 180 km (110 mi).

1974 February 22 - 04:59 GMT - Fort Churchill -. LV Model: Black Brant 2 . Black Brant II ADD-2A-128 Auroral VUV Aurora / aeronomy / ionosphere mission Agency: NRCC. Apogee: 131 km (81 mi).

1974 February 25 - 07:38 GMT - Poker Flat -. LV Model: Black Brant 5C . Black Brant VC CRL A18.219-1 MUTI Aeronomy mission Agency: AFCRL. Apogee: 195 km (121 mi).

1974 February 26 - 18:17 GMT - White Sands LC36. LV Model: Black Brant 5C . Black Brant VC NASA 21.18US FAILURE: Failure. LPSP-EUV3 Solar mission Agency: NASA. Apogee: 98 km (60 mi).

1974 February 28 - 02:53 GMT - Fort Churchill -. LV Model: Black Brant 5B . Black Brant VB AKF-VB-39 ISIS-2 pass Aurora mission Agency: NRCC. Apogee: 246 km (152 mi).

1974 March 22 - 16:56 GMT - Fort Churchill -. LV Model: Black Brant 6 . Black Brant VI AAF-VI-02 FAILURE: Failure. Dust collector Aeronomy mission Agency: NRCC. Apogee: 78 km (48 mi).

1974 March 26 - 21:30 GMT - Fort Churchill -. LV Model: Black Brant 6 . Black Brant VI AAF-VI-04 Dust collector Aeronomy mission Agency: NRCC. Apogee: 81 km (50 mi).

1974 March 29 - 02:00 GMT - Chilca -. EQUION Ionosphere / eclipse mission Agency: Aerospace. Apogee: 742 km (461 mi).

1974 April 17 - 10:23 GMT - Poker Flat -. LV Model: Black Brant 5C . Black Brant VC NASA 21.26UE ECHO III Auroral mission Agency: NASA. Apogee: 275 km (170 mi).

1974 April 23 - 04:31 GMT - Fort Churchill -. LV Model: Black Brant 6 . Black Brant VI AKF-VI-03 Auroral X-rays Aurora mission Agency: NRCC. Apogee: 76 km (47 mi).

1974 June 16 - 05:10 GMT - White Sands LC36. LV Model: Black Brant 5C . Black Brant VC NASA 21.17UG Astronomy mission Agency: NASA. Apogee: 187 km (116 mi).

1974 June 29 - 20:16 GMT - Wallops Island -. LV Model: Black Brant 5C . Black Brant VC NASA 21.28IA Aladdin 74 aeronomy release mission Agency: NASA. Apogee: 234 km (145 mi).

1974 October 4 - 16:16 GMT - White Sands LC36. LV Model: Black Brant 5C . Black Brant VC NASA 21.15GP Test mission Agency: NASA. Apogee: 227 km (141 mi).

1974 November 25 - 08:10 GMT - White Sands LC36. LV Model: Black Brant 5C . Black Brant VC NASA 21.31UG Astronomy mission Agency: NASA. Apogee: 184 km (114 mi).

1974 December 6 - 23:32 GMT - Cape Parry -. LV Model: Black Brant 5B . Black Brant VB AMF-VB-41 Cusp Auroral mission Agency: NRCC. Apogee: 245 km (152 mi).

1974 December 11 - 22:48 GMT - Cape Parry -. LV Model: Black Brant 4B . Black Brant IVB AAF-4B-32 Aurora / ionosphere mission Aurora / ionosphere mission Agency: NRCC. Apogee: 600 km (370 mi).

1974 December 17 - 10:55 GMT - Sonde Stromfjord -. LV Model: Black Brant 4B . Black Brant IVB (ESRO) D-102A? DLR G-BB4-64 PolCusp Ionosphere mission Agency: DFVLR. Apogee: 280 km (170 mi).

1974 December 18 - 11:04 GMT - Sonde Stromfjord -. FAILURE: Failure. DLR G-BB4-65 PolCusp Ionosphere mission Agency: DFVLR. Apogee: 0 km ( mi).

1975 January 6 - 23:56 GMT - Cape Parry -. LV Model: Black Brant 4B . Black Brant IVB Tordo I Periquito Plasma / barium release mission Agency: Sandia. Apogee: 540 km (330 mi).

1975 January 11 - 00:32 GMT - Cape Parry -. LV Model: Black Brant 4B . Black Brant IVB Tordo II Periquito Plasma / barium release mission Agency: Sandia. Apogee: 540 km (330 mi).

1975 January 11 - 10:53 GMT - Sonde Stromfjord -. DLR G-BB4-66 Ionosphere mission Agency: DFVLR. Apogee: 280 km (170 mi).

1975 January 20 - White Sands LC36. LV Model: Black Brant 5C . Black Brant VC NASA 21.24US LPSP-EUV4 Solar mission Agency: NASA. Apogee: 279 km (173 mi).

1975 January 30 - 02:15 GMT - Fort Churchill -. LV Model: Black Brant 5B . Black Brant VB AED-VB-43 Auroral/Aeronomy mission Agency: NRCC. Apogee: 244 km (151 mi).

1975 July 21 - 15:31 GMT - White Sands LC36. LV Model: Black Brant 5C . Black Brant VC NASA 21.25DS HRTS-1 Solar ultraviolet mission Agency: NASA. Apogee: 220 km (130 mi).

1975 July 28 - 17:44 GMT - White Sands LC36. LV Model: Black Brant 5C . Black Brant VC NASA 21.29US Solar ultraviolet mission Agency: NASA. Apogee: 278 km (172 mi).

1975 October 31 - 07:12 GMT - Fort Churchill -. LV Model: Black Brant 6 . Black Brant VI AKF-VI-07 Not in FC Aurora mission Agency: NRCC. Apogee: 61 km (37 mi).

1975 November 25 - 23:39 GMT - Cape Parry -. LV Model: Black Brant 4B . Black Brant IVB AEC-IVA-03 Periquito Plasma / barium release mission Agency: NRCC/Sandia. Apogee: 500 km (310 mi).

1975 November 28 - 23:39 GMT - Cape Parry -. LV Model: Black Brant 4B . Black Brant IVB AEC-IVA-04 Periquito Plasma / barium release mission Agency: NRCC/Sandia. Apogee: 500 km (310 mi).

1975 December 4 - Fort Churchill -. Black Brant 8B AAF-NVB-01 Test mission Agency: BAL. Apogee: 340 km (210 mi).

1975 December 11 - 16:15 GMT - White Sands LC36. LV Model: Black Brant 5C . Black Brant VC NASA 21.32NP SPAR 1 Microgravity mission Agency: NASA. Apogee: 206 km (128 mi).

1976 January 10 - 14:16 GMT - Wallops Island LA5. LV Model: Black Brant 5C . Black Brant VC NASA 12.29GT-IT SSC S19A Technology mission Agency: NASA. Apogee: 290 km (180 mi).

1976 January 20 - 01:42 GMT - Fort Churchill -. LV Model: Black Brant 4B . Black Brant IVB GL A16.501-01 VLF Ionosphere mission Agency: USAF GL. Apogee: 632 km (392 mi).

1976 January 31 - 06:44 GMT - Poker Flat -. LV Model: Black Brant 5C . Black Brant VC NASA 21.27UE ECHO IV Auroral mission Agency: NASA. Apogee: 225 km (139 mi).

1976 February 2 - 02:08 GMT - Fort Churchill -. LV Model: Black Brant 5B . Black Brant VB AAF-VB-35 FAILURE: Failure. Aurora / ionosphere mission Aurora / ionosphere mission Agency: NRCC. Apogee: 55 km (34 mi).

1976 February 5 - 05:22 GMT - Fort Churchill -. LV Model: Black Brant 4B . Black Brant IVB AAF-4B-33 Test / aurora / ionosphere mission Agency: NRCC. Apogee: 730 km (450 mi).

1976 February 18 - 17:40 GMT - White Sands LC36. LV Model: Black Brant 5C . Black Brant VC NASA 21.30US-IS OSO-I Cal Solar ultraviolet mission Agency: NASA. Apogee: 282 km (175 mi).

1976 March 10 - 09:10 GMT - El Arenosillo -. LV Model: Black Brant 4A . Black Brant IVA Astro 6-1 FAILURE: Failure. DLR H-BB4-74 Extreme ultraviolet astronomy mission Agency: DLR. Apogee: 0 km ( mi).

1976 March 31 - 06:39 GMT - Fort Churchill -. LV Model: Black Brant 5C . Black Brant VC NASA 21.03UI Ionosphere / aurora mission Agency: NASA. Apogee: 231 km (143 mi).

1976 May 11 - 15:49 GMT - Fort Churchill -. LV Model: Black Brant 6 . Black Brant VI AAF-VI-10 Sep system test Agency: NRCC. Apogee: 60 km (37 mi).

1976 May 17 - 16:00 GMT - White Sands LC36. LV Model: Black Brant 5C . Black Brant VC NASA 21.33NP SPAR 2 Microgravity mission Agency: NASA. Apogee: 188 km (116 mi).

1976 May 23 - 09:30 GMT - Barking Sands -. LV Model: Black Brant 5C . Black Brant VC NASA 21.48NP SFHe Experiment Technology mission Agency: NASA. Apogee: 196 km (121 mi).

1976 June 27 - 08:58 GMT - El Arenosillo -. LV Model: Black Brant 4B . Black Brant IVB Astro 6-2 DLR H-BB4B-76 Extreme ultraviolet astronomy mission Agency: DLR. Apogee: 700 km (430 mi).

1976 October 22 - 15:00 GMT - White Sands LC36. LV Model: Black Brant 5C . Black Brant VC NASA 21.36DS Solar mission Agency: NASA. Apogee: 239 km (148 mi).

1976 November 9 - 12:32 GMT - Woomera -. LV Model: Black Brant 5B . Black Brant VB APD-VB-42 Cosmic rays X-ray astronomy mission Agency: NRCC. Apogee: 215 km (133 mi).

1976 November 17 - 18:30 GMT - White Sands -. Black Brant 8C NASA 27.01CS Solar mission Agency: NASA. Apogee: 261 km (162 mi).

1976 November 19 - 09:25 GMT - White Sands -. Black Brant 8C NASA 27.02UH UCB extreme ultraviolet telescope Extreme ultraviolet astronomy mission Agency: NASA. Apogee: 295 km (183 mi).

1976 December 14 - 19:35 GMT - White Sands LC36. LV Model: Black Brant 5C . Black Brant VC NASA 21.34NP SPAR 3 Microgravity mission Agency: NASA. Apogee: 174 km (108 mi).

1977 January 7 - 07:45 GMT - Fort Churchill -. LV Model: Black Brant 5B . Black Brant VB AED-VB-46 Aurora / aeronomy mission Agency: NRCC. Apogee: 261 km (162 mi).

1977 January 13 - 04:22 GMT - Fort Churchill -. LV Model: Black Brant 5A . Black Brant VA AAD-VA-45 Auroral UV / infrared Aurora / ionosphere mission Aurora / ionosphere mission Agency: NRCC. Apogee: 152 km (94 mi).

1977 January 15 - 01:40 GMT - White Sands LC36. LV Model: Black Brant 5C . Black Brant VC NASA 21.49UL Colorado microchannel Ultraviolet astronomy mission Agency: NASA. Apogee: 268 km (166 mi).

1977 February 27 - 05:20 GMT - Fort Churchill -. LV Model: Black Brant 6 . Black Brant VI AQF-VI-05 Non-acoustic waves Aeronomy mission Agency: NRCC. Apogee: 95 km (59 mi).

1977 March 5 - 04:47 GMT - Fort Churchill -. Black Brant 8B AAF-NVB-02 Auroral Aurora / ionosphere / fields mission Agency: NRCC. Apogee: 327 km (203 mi).

1977 March 5 - 04:47 GMT - Fort Churchill -. LV Model: Black Brant 6 . Black Brant VI AKF-VI-09 Auroral X-rays Aurora mission Agency: NRCC. Apogee: 60 km (37 mi).

1977 March 8 - 04:01 GMT - Fort Churchill -. LV Model: Black Brant 4B . Black Brant IVB AAF-4B-34 Pitch angles Test / aurora / ionosphere mission Agency: NRCC. Apogee: 700 km (430 mi).

1977 March 8 - 04:06 GMT - Fort Churchill -. LV Model: Black Brant 6 . Black Brant VI AKF-VI-08 Auroral X-rays Aurora mission Agency: NRCC. Apogee: 60 km (37 mi).

1977 March 9 - 16:40 GMT - White Sands LC36. LV Model: Black Brant 5C . Black Brant VC NASA 21.41US Solar mission Agency: NASA. Apogee: 191 km (118 mi).

1977 March 21 - 06:22 GMT - Fort Churchill -. LV Model: Black Brant 5B . Black Brant VB AND-VB-44 CMB spectrum Submillimeter radio astronomy mission Agency: NRCC. Apogee: 178 km (110 mi).

1977 April 16 - 05:00 GMT - White Sands LC36. LV Model: Black Brant 5C . Black Brant VC NASA 21.54UG JHU FOT 1 Ultraviolet astronomy mission Agency: NASA. Apogee: 136 km (84 mi).

1977 June 9 - 05:40 GMT - White Sands -. Black Brant 8C NASA 27.08UH SAO XR X-ray astronomy mission Agency: NASA. Apogee: 205 km (127 mi).

1977 June 10 - 03:06 GMT - El Arenosillo -. LV Model: Black Brant 5C . Black Brant VC DLR H-BBV-84 Heatpipe 2 Technology mission Agency: DFVLR. Apogee: 322 km (200 mi).

1977 June 21 - 16:00 GMT - White Sands LC36. LV Model: Black Brant 5C . Black Brant VC NASA 21.45NP SPAR 4 Microgravity mission Agency: NASA. Apogee: 179 km (111 mi).

1977 July 27 - 04:40 GMT - White Sands -. Black Brant 8C NASA 27.31UH SAO XR X-ray astronomy mission Agency: NASA. Apogee: 203 km (126 mi).

1977 October 21 - 08:49 GMT - Kiruna -. Black Brant 8C SSC S19B S19 Guidance test Agency: SSC. Apogee: 374 km (232 mi).

1977 December 6 - 00:05 GMT - Cape Parry -. Black Brant 8B AAF-NVB-03 Dayside Cusp Ionosphere mission Agency: NRCC. Apogee: 300 km (180 mi).

1977 December 12 - 23:00 GMT - Cape Parry -. Black Brant 8B AAF-NVB-04 FAILURE: Failure. Dayside Cusp Aurora / ionosphere / fields mission Agency: NRCC. Apogee: 10 km (6 mi).

1978 January 31 - 18:35 GMT - White Sands -. Black Brant 8C NASA 27.29CS Solar mission Agency: NASA. Apogee: 273 km (169 mi).

1978 February 8 - 04:23 GMT - Fort Churchill -. LV Model: Black Brant 6 . Black Brant VI AQF-VI-06 Coherent pulse radar Ionosphere mission Agency: NRCC. Apogee: 95 km (59 mi).

1978 February 10 - 05:30 GMT - White Sands LC36. LV Model: Black Brant 5B . Black Brant VB NASA 21.56UG JHU FOT 2 Ultraviolet astronomy mission Agency: NASA. Apogee: 238 km (147 mi).

1978 February 13 - 17:15 GMT - White Sands LC36. LV Model: Black Brant 5C . Black Brant VC NASA 21.42DS HRTS 2 Solar ultraviolet mission Agency: NASA. Apogee: 210 km (130 mi).

1978 February 27 - 05:30 GMT - Fort Churchill -. LV Model: Black Brant 4B . Black Brant IVB AAF-4B-35 Aurora / ionosphere mission Aurora / ionosphere mission Agency: NRCC. Apogee: 785 km (487 mi).

1978 February 27 - 05:32 GMT - Fort Churchill -. LV Model: Black Brant 6 . Black Brant VI AKF-VI-14 Auroral X-rays Aurora mission Agency: NRCC. Apogee: 55 km (34 mi).

1978 February 28 - 03:09 GMT - Fort Churchill -. LV Model: Black Brant 6 . Black Brant VI AKF-VI-15 Auroral X-rays Aurora mission Agency: NRCC. Apogee: 57 km (35 mi).

1978 April 9 - 04:50 GMT - Fort Churchill -. Black Brant 8B NASA 27.10AE E / / B Aurora active mission Agency: NASA. Apogee: 247 km (153 mi).

1978 April 11 - 04:00 GMT - White Sands -. Black Brant 8C NASA 27.26UH X-ray astronomy mission Agency: NASA. Apogee: 303 km (188 mi).

1978 April 12 - 01:43 GMT - Fort Churchill -. LV Model: Black Brant 5A . Black Brant VA ADD-VA-49 O / Ozone profile Aurora mission Agency: NRCC. Apogee: 140 km (80 mi).

1978 April 18 - 19:18 GMT - Fort Churchill -. LV Model: Black Brant 6 . Black Brant VI AAF-VI-13 Dust collector Meteorites mission Agency: NRCC. Apogee: 75 km (46 mi).

1978 August 14 - 14:45 GMT - White Sands -. Black Brant 8C NASA 27.34DS FAILURE: Failure. HRTS-3 Solar mission Agency: NASA. Apogee: 220 km (130 mi).

1978 September 11 - 16:00 GMT - White Sands LC36. LV Model: Black Brant 5C . Black Brant VC NASA 21.46NP SPAR 5 Microgravity mission Agency: NASA. Apogee: 165 km (102 mi).

1978 November 25 - 04:44 GMT - Fort Churchill -. Black Brant 8B AAF-NVB-05 CMB spectrum 2 Submillimeter radio astronomy mission Agency: NRCC. Apogee: 366 km (227 mi).

1978 December 15 - 01:57 GMT - Fort Churchill -. LV Model: Black Brant 5B . Black Brant VB APD-VB-47 Auroral mission Agency: NRCC. Apogee: 316 km (196 mi).

1979 January 27 - 17:12 GMT - Kiruna -. LV Model: Black Brant 5C . Black Brant VC SSC S23-L1 Substorm-GEOS Auroral mission Agency: SSC. Apogee: 267 km (165 mi).

1979 January 27 - 21:01 GMT - Kiruna -. Black Brant 8C S23-H Substorm-GEOS Auroral mission Agency: SSC. Apogee: 414 km (257 mi).

1979 January 27 - 21:52 GMT - Kiruna -. LV Model: Black Brant 5C . Black Brant VC SSC S23-L2 Substorm-GEOS Auroral mission Agency: SSC. Apogee: 266 km (165 mi).

1979 February 26 - Red Lake CHK. LV Model: Black Brant 5A . Black Brant VA AMF-VA-51 Eclipse mission Agency: NRCC. Apogee: 132 km (82 mi).

1979 March 1 - 09:44 GMT - White Sands LC36. LV Model: Black Brant 5C . Black Brant VC NASA 21.60DS HRTS 3 Solar mission Agency: NASA. Apogee: 210 km (130 mi).

1979 April 13 - 22:05 GMT - White Sands -. Black Brant 8C NASA 27.33AS-US Solar mission Agency: NASA. Apogee: 268 km (166 mi).

1979 April 21 - 10:10 GMT - White Sands -. Black Brant 8C NASA 27.38UE Plasma mission Agency: NASA. Apogee: 317 km (196 mi).

1979 April 27 - 06:09 GMT - Fort Churchill -. LV Model: Black Brant 6 . Black Brant VI AKF-VI-16 FAILURE: Failure. Auroral X-rays Aurora mission Agency: NRCC. Apogee: 50 km (31 mi).

1979 April 28 - 06:44 GMT - Fort Churchill -. LV Model: Black Brant 6 . Black Brant VI AKF-VI-17 Auroral X-rays Aurora mission Agency: NRCC. Apogee: 60 km (37 mi).

1979 June 5 - 17:15 GMT - White Sands -. Black Brant 8C NASA 27.28US Solar mission Agency: NASA. Apogee: 325 km (201 mi).

1979 June 21 - 05:25 GMT - White Sands -. Black Brant 8C NASA 27.40UG Astronomy mission Agency: NASA. Apogee: 215 km (133 mi).

1979 June 29 - 08:15 GMT - White Sands LC36. LV Model: Black Brant 5B . Black Brant VB NASA 21.59UG JHU FOT 3 Ultraviolet astronomy mission Agency: NASA. Apogee: 238 km (147 mi).

1979 July 3 - 16:30 GMT - White Sands -. Black Brant 8C NASA 27.32CS Solar Corona Solar x-ray telescope mission Agency: NASA. Apogee: 300 km (180 mi).

1979 August 7 - 19:50 GMT - White Sands LC36. LV Model: Black Brant 5C . Black Brant VC GL A18.805 POSTBO ABM technology mission Agency: USAF GL. Apogee: 219 km (136 mi).

1979 September 20 - 21:00 GMT - White Sands LC36. LV Model: Black Brant 5C . Black Brant VC NASA 21.57UL Aeronomy mission Agency: NASA. Apogee: 278 km (172 mi).

1979 September 24 - 20:20 GMT - Kiruna -. Black Brant 8C NASA 27.39UE SSC S29 Barium-GEOS Aurora / chemical release mission Agency: NASA/SSC. Apogee: 397 km (246 mi).

1979 September 27 - 11:30 GMT - White Sands LC36. LV Model: Black Brant 5C . Black Brant VC NASA 21.62GS Solar mission Agency: NASA. Apogee: 247 km (153 mi).

1979 October 17 - 12:40 GMT - White Sands LC36. Black Brant 8C NASA 27.16NP SPAR 6 Microgravity mission Agency: NASA. Apogee: 185 km (114 mi).

1979 November 7 - 20:50 GMT - White Sands -. Black Brant 8C NASA 27.30CS Solar mission Agency: NASA. Apogee: 271 km (168 mi).

1979 December 3 - 05:32 GMT - Fort Churchill -. Black Brant 8B AAF-NVB-06 Auroral substorm Aurora / ionosphere mission Aurora / ionosphere mission Agency: NRCC. Apogee: 344 km (213 mi).

1979 December 17 - 06:27 GMT - Fort Churchill -. LV Model: Black Brant 5A . Black Brant VA ADD-VA-48 Aurora mission Agency: NRCC. Apogee: 138 km (85 mi).

1980 February 15 - 11:43 GMT - Southend -. LV Model: Black Brant 5B . Black Brant VB ADD-VB-50 Pulsating aurora Aurora mission Agency: NRCC. Apogee: 156 km (96 mi).

1980 February 16 - 08:23 GMT - San Marco -. Black Brant 8C NASA 27.43AS LASL Eclipse La Solar eclipse mission Agency: NASA. Apogee: 319 km (198 mi).

1980 February 16 - 08:23 GMT - San Marco -. Black Brant 8C NASA 27.42AS LASL Eclipse La Solar eclipse mission Agency: NASA. Apogee: 298 km (185 mi).

1980 February 16 - 09:31 GMT - White Sands -. Black Brant 8C NASA 27.37US Solar mission Agency: NASA. Apogee: 268 km (166 mi).

1980 February 23 - 10:05 GMT - Southend -. LV Model: Black Brant 5B . Black Brant VB ADD-VB-52 Pulsating aurora Aurora mission Agency: NRCC. Apogee: 148 km (91 mi).

1980 April 6 - 03:33 GMT - Fort Churchill -. Black Brant 8B AAF-NVB-07 Waterhole 1 Aurora / aeronomy / ionosphere mission Agency: NRCC. Apogee: 317 km (196 mi).

1980 May 14 - White Sands -. Black Brant 8C NASA 27.18NP SPAR 7 Microgravity mission Agency: NASA. Apogee: 204 km (126 mi).

1980 June 10 - 11:45 GMT - White Sands -. Black Brant 8C NASA 27.46AS Solar mission Agency: NASA. Apogee: 298 km (185 mi).

1980 June 24 - 05:30 GMT - White Sands -. Black Brant 8C NASA 27.41UH X-ray astronomy mission Agency: NASA. Apogee: 213 km (132 mi).

1980 July 15 - 17:00 GMT - White Sands -. Black Brant 8C NASA 27.44US Solar mission Agency: NASA. Apogee: 322 km (200 mi).

1980 September 23 - 20:25 GMT - White Sands -. Black Brant 8C NASA 27.36CS Solar mission Agency: NASA. Apogee: 296 km (183 mi).

1980 September 26 - 22:35 GMT - White Sands -. Black Brant 8C NASA 27.35DH X-ray astronomy mission Agency: NASA. Apogee: 300 km (180 mi).

1980 September 30 - 18:16 GMT - White Sands LC36. LV Model: Black Brant 5C . Black Brant VC NASA 21.65UL Aeronomy mission Agency: NASA. Apogee: 281 km (174 mi).

1980 November 19 - 00:50 GMT - White Sands -. Black Brant 8C NASA 27.19NP SPAR 8 (R-19) Microgravity mission Agency: NASA. Apogee: 198 km (123 mi).

1980 December 9 - 06:30 GMT - White Sands -. Black Brant 8C NASA 27.47GG Astronomy mission Agency: NASA. Apogee: 301 km (187 mi).

1981 January 19 - 03:37 GMT - Fort Churchill -. LV Model: Black Brant 5B . Black Brant VB AED-VB-54 Upper atmosphere Composition Aeronomy mission Agency: NRCC. Apogee: 263 km (163 mi).

1981 January 21 - 00:25 GMT - White Sands -. Black Brant 8C NASA 27.17NP SPAR 9 Microgravity mission Agency: NASA. Apogee: 209 km (129 mi).

1981 January 26 - 07:20 GMT - Fort Churchill -. LV Model: Black Brant 4B . Black Brant IVB AAF-4B-36 Substorm Auroral mission Agency: NRCC. Apogee: 584 km (362 mi).

1981 February 13 - 17:15 GMT - White Sands -. Black Brant 8C NASA 27.50CS Solar mission Agency: NASA. Apogee: 265 km (164 mi).

1981 March 24 - 03:00 GMT - White Sands -. Black Brant 8C NASA 27.55UH Extreme ultraviolet astronomy mission Agency: NASA. Apogee: 261 km (162 mi).

1981 March 28 - 01:54 GMT - Fort Churchill -. LV Model: Black Brant 4B . Black Brant IVB AAF-4B-37 FALCONS Ionosphere / plasma / fields mission Agency: NRCC. Apogee: 675 km (419 mi).

1981 March 28 - 01:54 GMT - Fort Churchill -. LV Model: Black Brant 5B . Black Brant VB AAF-VB-55 FALCONS Ionosphere / plasma / fields mission Agency: NRCC. Apogee: 327 km (203 mi).

1981 May 4 - 07:55 GMT - White Sands -. Black Brant 8C NASA 27.58UH Soft XRB 2 X-ray astronomy mission Agency: NASA. Apogee: 294 km (182 mi).

1981 May 6 - 08:00 GMT - White Sands -. Black Brant 8C NASA 27.60UL Aeronomy mission Agency: NASA. Apogee: 322 km (200 mi).

1981 May 27 - 04:25 GMT - White Sands LC36. LV Model: Black Brant 5C . Black Brant VC NASA 21.67UG JHU FOT 4 (Io) Ultraviolet astronomy mission Agency: NASA. Apogee: 225 km (139 mi).

1981 August 14 - Wallops Island -. LV Model: Black Brant 10 . Black Brant X NASA 12.38GT Test mission Agency: NASA. Apogee: 625 km (388 mi).

1981 September 30 - White Sands LC36. LV Model: Black Brant 5C . Black Brant VC NASA 21.63GS Solar mission Agency: NASA. Apogee: 243 km (150 mi).

1981 September 30 - 23:20 GMT - Kiruna -. Black Brant 8C SSC S33 PIRAT Aurora mission Agency: SSC. Apogee: 270 km (160 mi).

1981 November 17 - White Sands -. Black Brant 8B NASA 27.09DH X-ray astronomy mission Agency: NASA. Apogee: 253 km (157 mi).

1981 November 17 - White Sands -. Black Brant 8B NASA 27.57UH X-ray astronomy mission Agency: NASA. Apogee: 253 km (157 mi).

1981 November 23 - White Sands -. Black Brant 8C NASA 27.52US Solar mission Agency: NASA. Apogee: 322 km (200 mi).

1981 December 1 - 01:38 GMT - Cape Parry -. LV Model: Black Brant 10 . Black Brant X NASA 35.001UE CENTAUR Auroral mission Agency: NASA. Apogee: 612 km (380 mi).

1981 December 6 - 23:14 GMT - Cape Parry -. LV Model: Black Brant 4B . Black Brant IVB AAF-4B-38 CENTAUR Auroral mission Agency: NRCC. Apogee: 615 km (382 mi).

1981 December 13 - 21:31 GMT - Cape Parry -. LV Model: Black Brant 4B . Black Brant IVB AAF-4B-39 FAILURE: Failure. CENTAUR Auroral mission Agency: NRCC. Apogee: 50 km (31 mi).

1981 December 13 - 22:54 GMT - Cape Parry -. LV Model: Black Brant 10 . Black Brant X NASA 35.002UE CENTAUR Plasma mission Agency: NASA. Apogee: 662 km (411 mi).

1982 January 27 - 03:52 GMT - Fort Churchill -. Black Brant 8C NASA 27.45UE SCEX Ionosphere active mission Agency: NASA. Apogee: 239 km (148 mi).

1982 March 16 - 05:10 GMT - Fort Churchill -. LV Model: Black Brant 9 . Black Brant IX AAF-IXC-1 FAILURE: Failure. WATERHOLE 2 Aurora / aeronomy / ionosphere mission Agency: NASA. Apogee: 3.00 km (1.80 mi).

1982 April 16 - 06:29 GMT - Poker Flat -. LV Model: Black Brant 10 . Black Brant X NASA 35.003GE Plasma mission Agency: NASA. Apogee: 1,500 km (900 mi).

1982 April 17 - 06:15 GMT - White Sands -. Black Brant 8C NASA 27.59GG UIT Ultraviolet astronomy mission Agency: NASA. Apogee: 279 km (173 mi).

1982 April 20 - 06:30 GMT - Poker Flat -. LV Model: Black Brant 10 . Black Brant X NASA 35.004GE Plasma mission Agency: NASA. Apogee: 1,195 km (742 mi).

1982 June 22 - White Sands -. Black Brant 8C NASA 27.68AH X-ray astronomy mission Agency: NASA. Apogee: 245 km (152 mi).

1982 July 13 - White Sands -. Black Brant 8C NASA 27.54CS Solar mission Agency: NASA. Apogee: 302 km (187 mi).

1982 July 20 - White Sands -. Black Brant 8C NASA 27.53US Solar mission Agency: NASA. Apogee: 254 km (157 mi).

1982 August 10 - 17:16 GMT - White Sands -. Black Brant 8C NASA 27.76UL Extreme ultraviolet Absolute Calibration Solar extreme ultraviolet mission Agency: NASA. Apogee: 323 km (200 mi).

1982 September 8 - 21:42 GMT - Natal -. Black Brant 8B GL A19.124-1 BIME Ionosphere mission Agency: USAF GL. Apogee: 321 km (199 mi).

1982 September 13 - 21:05 GMT - Natal -. Black Brant 8B GL A19.124-2 BIME Ionosphere mission Agency: USAF GL. Apogee: 333 km (206 mi).

1982 September 15 - 18:15 GMT - White Sands LC36. LV Model: Black Brant 5C . Black Brant VC AMF-VC-53 Solar infrared mission Agency: NRCC. Apogee: 243 km (150 mi).

1982 October 23 - 08:00 GMT - White Sands -. Black Brant 8C NASA 27.48UG Astronomy mission Agency: NASA. Apogee: 262 km (162 mi).

1982 November 1 - 08:16 GMT - White Sands LC36. LV Model: Black Brant 5C . Black Brant VC NASA 21.69UH X-ray astronomy mission Agency: NASA. Apogee: 210 km (130 mi).

1982 November 9 - 17:45 GMT - White Sands LC36. LV Model: Black Brant 5B . Black Brant VB NASA 21.64GS Extreme ultraviolet line profiles Solar mission Agency: NASA. Apogee: 233 km (144 mi).

1982 November 14 - 07:55 GMT - Poker Flat -. LV Model: Black Brant 9 . Black Brant IX NASA 36.01UE ARCS 2 Plasma mission Agency: NASA. Apogee: 473 km (293 mi).

1982 November 16 - 18:30 GMT - White Sands -. Black Brant 8C NASA 27.73US FAILURE: Failure. Solar mission Agency: NASA. Apogee: 10 km (6 mi).

1982 December 13 - 10:20 GMT - White Sands LC36. LV Model: Black Brant 5C . Black Brant VC NASA 21.74UG JHU UVT F10 Astronomy mission Agency: NASA. Apogee: 232 km (144 mi).

1983 January 19 - 23:12 GMT - Kiruna -. LV Model: Black Brant 9 . Black Brant IX SSC S36 AURELD-HIGH Auroral mission Agency: SSC. Apogee: 494 km (306 mi).

1983 February 7 - 02:14 GMT - Fort Churchill -. LV Model: Black Brant 9 . Black Brant IX AAF-IXC-2 WATERHOLE 3 Plasma mission Agency: NRCC. Apogee: 333 km (206 mi).

1983 March 7 - 16:00 GMT - White Sands LC36. LV Model: Black Brant 5C . Black Brant VC NASA 21.84DS HRTS 4 Solar mission Agency: NASA. Apogee: 200 km (120 mi).

1983 March 30 - 06:59 GMT - Poker Flat -. LV Model: Black Brant 9 . Black Brant IX NASA 36.02UE ECHO VI Plasma mission Agency: NASA. Apogee: 191 km (118 mi).

1983 April 10 - 07:43 GMT - Wallops Island -. LV Model: Black Brant 10 . Black Brant X NASA 35.005UG Astronomy mission Agency: NASA. Apogee: 667 km (414 mi).

1983 May 12 - 05:46 GMT - Fort Churchill -. Black Brant 8B AAF-VIIIB-8 SABRE Aurora / ionosphere / release mission Agency: NRCC. Apogee: 350 km (210 mi).

1983 May 14 - 06:55 GMT - White Sands -. Black Brant 8C NASA 27.67UH X-ray astronomy mission Agency: NASA. Apogee: 246 km (152 mi).

1983 June 11 - 08:10 GMT - White Sands LC36. LV Model: Black Brant 5C . Black Brant VC ADD-VC-56 OASIS Aeronomy mission Agency: NRCC. Apogee: 180 km (110 mi).

1983 June 17 - 09:00 GMT - White Sands -. Black Brant 8C NASA 27.72NP SPAR 10 Microgravity mission Agency: NASA. Apogee: 212 km (131 mi).

1983 June 29 - 04:35 GMT - White Sands -. Black Brant 8C NASA 27.27UH X-ray astronomy mission Agency: NASA. Apogee: 289 km (179 mi).

1983 July 25 - 13:15 GMT - White Sands -. Black Brant 8C NASA 27.81US Solar mission Agency: NASA. Apogee: 318 km (197 mi).

1983 August 8 - 06:00 GMT - White Sands -. CHARGE-1 (TPE-3) Tether / ionosphere mission Agency: NASA/ISAS. Apogee: 218 km (135 mi).

1983 August 8 - 06:00 GMT - White Sands -. Black Brant 8C NASA 27.61UE Plasma mission Agency: NASA. Apogee: 239 km (148 mi).

1983 August 16 - 17:21 GMT - White Sands -. Black Brant 8C NASA 27.79UL Extreme ultraviolet Absolute Calibration Aeronomy / solar extreme ultraviolet mission Agency: NASA. Apogee: 314 km (195 mi).

1983 September 20 - 16:51 GMT - White Sands -. Black Brant 8C NASA 27.56GS SERTS-1 Solar extreme ultraviolet mission Agency: NASA. Apogee: 308 km (191 mi).

1983 October 7 - 08:05 GMT - White Sands -. Black Brant 8B NASA 27.69UG Astronomy mission Agency: NASA. Apogee: 258 km (160 mi).

1983 October 7 - 10:30 GMT - White Sands -. Black Brant 8B NASA 27.80UL Aeronomy mission Agency: NASA. Apogee: 311 km (193 mi).

1983 December 7 - 11:00 GMT - White Sands -. Black Brant 8C NASA 27.77UU Aeronomy mission Agency: NASA. Apogee: 310 km (190 mi).

1984 February 7 - 09:09 GMT - Poker Flat -. LV Model: Black Brant 10 . Black Brant X NASA 35.006UE Plasma mission Agency: NASA. Apogee: 1,020 km (630 mi).

1984 February 23 - 20:34 GMT - Fort Churchill -. LV Model: Black Brant 5B . Black Brant VB NASA 21.86UE Ionosphere / aurora mission Agency: NASA. Apogee: 189 km (117 mi).

1984 February 28 - 03:53 GMT - Fort Churchill -. Black Brant 8C ADD-VIIIC-10 ARIES B Aurora / aeronomy / ionosphere mission Agency: NRCC. Apogee: 204 km (126 mi).

1984 March 3 - 03:06 GMT - Fort Churchill -. Black Brant 8C ADD-VIIIC-9 ARIES A Aurora / aeronomy / ionosphere mission Agency: NRCC. Apogee: 206 km (128 mi).

1984 March 3 - 04:40 GMT - White Sands LC36. LV Model: Black Brant 5B . Black Brant VB NASA 21.85UG JHU UVT F11 Ultraviolet astronomy mission Agency: NASA. Apogee: 206 km (128 mi).

1984 March 30 - 11:00 GMT - Poker Flat -. LV Model: Black Brant 10 . Black Brant X NASA 35.007GE Plasma mission Agency: NASA. Apogee: 948 km (589 mi).

1984 April 1 - 07:19 GMT - Poker Flat -. LV Model: Black Brant 10 . Black Brant X NASA 35.008GE Plasma mission Agency: NASA. Apogee: 954 km (592 mi).

1984 May 11 - 11:22 GMT - Fort Churchill -. LV Model: Black Brant 3 . Black Brant III ARS-3A-69 SMERF 1 Aeronomy mission Agency: NRCC. Apogee: 103 km (64 mi).

1984 June 19 - 13:05 GMT - White Sands -. Black Brant 8C NASA 27.89US Solar mission Agency: NASA. Apogee: 316 km (196 mi).

1984 June 24 - 06:15 GMT - White Sands -. Black Brant 8B NASA 27.84UG Astronomy mission Agency: NASA. Apogee: 248 km (154 mi).

1984 July 24 - 10:40 GMT - Wallops Island -. LV Model: Black Brant 5B . Black Brant VB NASA 21.91GE Ionosphere mission Agency: NASA. Apogee: 250 km (150 mi).

1984 September 19 - 03:46 GMT - White Sands -. Black Brant 8B NASA 27.91UL Aeronomy mission Agency: NASA. Apogee: 308 km (191 mi).

1984 October 6 - 07:00 GMT - White Sands -. Black Brant 8C NASA 27.71UG IMAPS 1 Far ultraviolet astronomy mission Agency: NASA. Apogee: 273 km (169 mi).

1984 October 24 - 16:58 GMT - Kiruna -. LV Model: Black Brant 5C . Black Brant VC SSC S38 TOR Aurora / fields / chemical release mission Agency: SSC. Apogee: 216 km (134 mi).

1984 December 10 - 19:20 GMT - White Sands -. Black Brant 8C NASA 27.101GU Aeronomy mission Agency: NASA. Apogee: 312 km (193 mi).

1985 January 23 - 09:26 GMT - Sonde Stromfjord -. LV Model: Black Brant 10 . Black Brant X NASA 35.009UE COPE Plasma mission Agency: NASA. Apogee: 769 km (477 mi).

1985 February 10 - 02:13 GMT - Sonde Stromfjord -. LV Model: Black Brant 10 . Black Brant X NASA 35.012UE TOPAZ I Plasma mission Agency: NASA. Apogee: 816 km (507 mi).

1985 February 15 - 01:45 GMT - Fort Churchill -. LV Model: Black Brant 9B . Black Brant IXB AAF-IXB-3 WATERHOLE 4 Aurora / aeronomy / ionosphere mission Agency: NRCC. Apogee: 302 km (187 mi).

1985 February 15 - 05:25 GMT - Fort Churchill -. LV Model: Black Brant 10B . Black Brant XB AAF-XB-01 MARIE Ionosphere / plasma / fields mission Agency: NRCC. Apogee: 979 km (608 mi).

1985 March 15 - 02:05 GMT - Sonde Stromfjord -. LV Model: Black Brant 9 . Black Brant IX GL A21.426 PIIE Plasma mission Agency: USAF GL. Apogee: 429 km (266 mi).

1985 March 18 - 08:50 GMT - White Sands LC36. LV Model: Black Brant 5C . Black Brant VC NASA 21.70UH X-ray astronomy mission Agency: NASA. Apogee: 213 km (132 mi).

1985 March 27 - 06:07 GMT - Fort Churchill -. Black Brant 8C NASA 27.98UL Auroral Aeronomy mission Agency: NASA. Apogee: 230 km (140 mi).

1985 April 20 - 07:50 GMT - White Sands -. Black Brant 8C NASA 27.82UG IMAPS 2 Far ultraviolet astronomy mission Agency: NASA. Apogee: 265 km (164 mi).

1985 May 6 - 22:45 GMT - Fort Churchill -. LV Model: Black Brant 3B . Black Brant IIIB ARS-3B-70 SMERF 2 (Ozone) Aeronomy mission Agency: NRCC. Apogee: 114 km (70 mi).

1985 June 14 - White Sands -. Black Brant 8C GL A19.250 BERT Active plasma mission Agency: USAF. Apogee: 244 km (151 mi).

1985 June 14 - 07:15 GMT - White Sands LC36. LV Model: Black Brant 5B . Black Brant VB NASA 21.81UG JHU FOT 5 Io Ultraviolet astronomy mission Agency: NASA. Apogee: 238 km (147 mi).

1985 August 3 - 22:00 GMT - White Sands LC36. LV Model: Black Brant 5B . Black Brant VB NASA 21.94CS FAILURE: Failure. Solar mission Agency: NASA. Apogee: 10 km (6 mi).

1985 October 25 - 17:20 GMT - White Sands -. Black Brant 8C NASA 27.90CS Solar mission Agency: NASA. Apogee: 290 km (180 mi).

1985 November 10 - 18:56 GMT - Andoya -. LV Model: Black Brant 9 . Black Brant IX NASA 36.05IE Ferdinand 62 / MAIMIK Active plasma / tether mission Agency: NASA/NDRE. Apogee: 381 km (236 mi).

1985 December 14 - 07:16 GMT - White Sands LC36. LV Model: Black Brant 9B . Black Brant IXB NASA 36.09UE CHARGE 2 (TPE-4) Plasma / tether mission Agency: NASA. Apogee: 261 km (162 mi).

1985 December 16 - 19:10 GMT - White Sands LC36. LV Model: Black Brant 9 . Black Brant IX NASA 36.11UL Aeronomy mission Agency: NASA. Apogee: 251 km (155 mi).

1986 January 18 - 18:13 GMT - Andoya -. LV Model: Black Brant 10 . Black Brant X NASA 35.010CE CENTAUR 2 Auroral mission Agency: NASA. Apogee: 676 km (420 mi).

1986 February 1 - 05:40 GMT - White Sands -. Black Brant 8C NASA 27.103UH X-ray astronomy mission Agency: NASA. Apogee: 228 km (141 mi).

1986 February 24 - 11:53 GMT - White Sands LC36. LV Model: Black Brant 9 . Black Brant IX NASA 36.10DL Halley Ultraviolet astronomy mission Agency: NASA. Apogee: 312 km (193 mi).

1986 February 26 - 12:02 GMT - White Sands LC35. LV Model: Black Brant 5B . Black Brant VB NASA 21.93UG JHU FOT 6 Halley Ultraviolet astronomy mission Agency: NASA. Apogee: 229 km (142 mi).

1986 March 7 - 18:12 GMT - White Sands -. Black Brant 8C NASA 27.104GU Aeronomy mission Agency: NASA. Apogee: 319 km (198 mi).

1986 March 13 - 10:54 GMT - White Sands LC36. LV Model: Black Brant 9 . Black Brant IX NASA 36.17DL Halley Ultraviolet astronomy mission Agency: NASA. Apogee: 312 km (193 mi).

1986 March 13 - 11:20 GMT - White Sands LC36. LV Model: Black Brant 5B . Black Brant VB NASA 21.95UG JHU FOT 7 Halley Ultraviolet astronomy mission Agency: NASA. Apogee: 231 km (143 mi).

1986 April 1 - 08:17 GMT - Poker Flat -. LV Model: Black Brant 10 . Black Brant X NASA 35.015GE Plasma mission Agency: NASA. Apogee: 912 km (566 mi).

1986 April 13 - 09:14 GMT - Poker Flat -. LV Model: Black Brant 10 . Black Brant X NASA 35.016GE Plasma mission Agency: NASA. Apogee: 977 km (607 mi).

1986 April 22 - 07:11 GMT - White Sands -. Black Brant 8B NASA 27.86UG Astronomy mission Agency: NASA. Apogee: 304 km (188 mi).

1986 April 22 - 08:49 GMT - Wallops Island -. LV Model: Black Brant 10 . Black Brant X NASA 35.013UG Astronomy mission Agency: NASA. Apogee: 900 km (550 mi).

1986 May 13 - 07:40 GMT - Wallops Island -. LV Model: Black Brant 10 . Black Brant X NASA 35.014UE CVE Ba Plasma mission Agency: NASA. Apogee: 430 km (260 mi).

1986 October 15 - 17:10 GMT - White Sands -. Black Brant 8C NASA 27.75GS SERTS-2 Solar extreme ultraviolet mission Agency: NASA. Apogee: 340 km (210 mi).

1986 October 22 - 20:00 GMT - White Sands -. Black Brant 8C NASA 27.99US Solar mission Agency: NASA. Apogee: 340 km (210 mi).

1986 December 15 - 19:35 GMT - White Sands LC36. LV Model: Black Brant 9 . Black Brant IX NASA 36.19GU Aeronomy mission Agency: NASA. Apogee: 300 km (180 mi).

1987 January 28 - 19:15 GMT - White Sands LC36. LV Model: Black Brant 9 . Black Brant IX NASA 36.16UL PACE Aeronomy mission Agency: NASA. Apogee: 300 km (180 mi).

1987 January 31 - 09:32 GMT - Poker Flat -. LV Model: Black Brant 9 . Black Brant IX NASA 36.04UE Plasma mission Agency: NASA. Apogee: 300 km (180 mi).

1987 February 26 - Sonde Stromfjord -. LV Model: Black Brant 9 . Black Brant IX GL A21.628 POLAR ARC / COPE II Plasma mission Agency: USAF. Apogee: 387 km (240 mi).

1987 March 7 - 06:39 GMT - Poker Flat -. LV Model: Black Brant 10 . Black Brant X NASA 35.018UE FAILURE: Failure. Plasma mission Agency: NASA. Apogee: 10 km (6 mi).

1987 March 19 - 10:00 GMT - Kiruna -. LV Model: Black Brant 9B . Black Brant IXB MASER 1 Microgravity mission Agency: SSC. Apogee: 295 km (183 mi).

1987 March 21 - 06:56 GMT - Sonde Stromfjord -. Black Brant 8C GL A19.427 COPE II (POLAR ARC) Plasma / barium release mission Agency: USAF GL. Apogee: 354 km (219 mi).

1987 March 31 - 04:47 GMT - Sonde Stromfjord -. LV Model: Black Brant 9 . Black Brant IX NASA 36.14UE COPE II Main Plasma mission Agency: NASA. Apogee: 436 km (270 mi).

1987 July 27 - 17:27 GMT - White Sands -. Black Brant 8C NASA 27.107US Solar mission Agency: NASA. Apogee: 340 km (210 mi).

1987 July 31 - 03:53 GMT - Wallops Island -. LV Model: Black Brant 9 . Black Brant IX NASA 36.13UE WIPP Plasma mission Agency: NASA. Apogee: 300 km (180 mi).

1987 August 7 - 15:02 GMT - Wallops Island -. Black Brant 8C NASA 27.112UE ERIC I Plasma mission Agency: NASA. Apogee: 340 km (210 mi).

1987 August 15 - 17:25 GMT - White Sands LC36. LV Model: Black Brant 9 . Black Brant IX NASA 36.021CS AS&E SAIP XRT Solar mission Agency: NASA. Apogee: 300 km (180 mi).

1987 September 29 - 10:00 GMT - White Sands -. Black Brant 8B NASA 27.106UG Astronomy mission Agency: NASA. Apogee: 340 km (210 mi).

1987 October 23 - 18:05 GMT - White Sands -. Black Brant 8C NASA 27.92US MSSTA 0 Solar x-ray mission Agency: NASA. Apogee: 340 km (210 mi).

1987 November 14 - 14:10 GMT - Woomera LA2. LV Model: Black Brant 9 . Black Brant IX NASA 36.030UH X-ray astronomy mission Agency: NASA. Apogee: 300 km (180 mi).

1987 November 18 - 13:06 GMT - Woomera LA2. LV Model: Black Brant 9 . Black Brant IX NASA 36.023UG Ultraviolet astronomy mission Agency: NASA. Apogee: 300 km (180 mi).

1987 December 4 - 17:05 GMT - Woomera LA2. LV Model: Black Brant 9 . Black Brant IX NASA 36.024UH X-ray astronomy mission Agency: NASA. Apogee: 300 km (180 mi).

1987 December 11 - 18:15 GMT - White Sands LC36. LV Model: Black Brant 9 . Black Brant IX NASA 36.38CS AS&E SAIP XRT Solar x-ray mission Agency: NASA. Apogee: 300 km (180 mi).

1987 December 11 - 18:45 GMT - White Sands LC36. LV Model: Black Brant 9 . Black Brant IX NASA 36.20DS HRTS 5 Solar mission Agency: NASA. Apogee: 300 km (180 mi).

1987 December 14 - 01:45 GMT - Wallops Island LA2. LV Model: Black Brant 10 . Black Brant X GL A22.703 SPEAR I Active plasma mission Agency: SDIO. Apogee: 370 km (220 mi).

1988 January 19 - 08:40 GMT - Poker Flat -. LV Model: Black Brant 10 . Black Brant X NASA 35.017UE TOPAZ II Plasma mission Agency: NASA. Apogee: 926 km (575 mi).

1988 January 23 - 18:30 GMT - White Sands LC36. LV Model: Black Brant 9 . Black Brant IX NASA 36.29GU Aeronomy mission Agency: NASA. Apogee: 300 km (180 mi).

1988 January 29 - 19:03 GMT - Wallops Island -. LV Model: Black Brant 9 . Black Brant IX NASA 36.39UE Plasma mission Agency: NASA. Apogee: 300 km (180 mi).

1988 February 9 - 08:16 GMT - Poker Flat -. LV Model: Black Brant 9 . Black Brant IX NASA 36.15UE ECHO VII Plasma / tether mission Agency: NASA. Apogee: 292 km (181 mi).

1988 February 16 - 13:34 GMT - Woomera LA2. LV Model: Black Brant 9 . Black Brant IX NASA 36.022GH SXS? X-ray astronomy mission Agency: NASA. Apogee: 300 km (180 mi).

1988 February 28 - 12:10 GMT - Woomera LA2. LV Model: Black Brant 9 . Black Brant IX NASA 36.032UH X-ray astronomy mission Agency: NASA. Apogee: 300 km (180 mi).

1988 February 29 - 08:34 GMT - Kiruna -. LV Model: Black Brant 9 . Black Brant IX MASER 2 Microgravity mission Agency: SSC. Apogee: 318 km (197 mi).

1988 March 4 - 06:55 GMT - Poker Flat -. LV Model: Black Brant 10 . Black Brant X NASA 35.023GE UCB Alaska '88 Plasma mission Agency: NASA. Apogee: 1,000 km (600 mi).

1988 March 13 - 13:34 GMT - Woomera LA2. LV Model: Black Brant 9 . Black Brant IX NASA 36.027UG Astronomy mission Agency: NASA. Apogee: 300 km (180 mi).

1988 March 17 - 20:25 GMT - White Sands LC36. LV Model: Black Brant 9 . Black Brant IX NASA 36.36US Solar mission Agency: NASA. Apogee: 300 km (180 mi).

1988 April 9 - 00:40 GMT - Kiruna -. LV Model: Black Brant 5B . Black Brant VB NASA 21.97GE ERRRIS I Ionosphere mission Agency: NASA. Apogee: 128 km (79 mi).

1988 May 2 - 04:00 GMT - Kiruna -. Black Brant 8B DLR K-NBB5-155 TEXUS 17 Microgravity mission Agency: MBB. Apogee: 285 km (177 mi).

1988 May 6 - 04:30 GMT - Kiruna -. Black Brant 8B DLR K-NBB5-156 TEXUS 18 Microgravity mission Agency: MBB. Apogee: 265 km (164 mi).

1988 June 23 - 17:40 GMT - White Sands LC36. LV Model: Black Brant 9 . Black Brant IX NASA 36.35US NIXT Solar mission Agency: NASA. Apogee: 300 km (180 mi).

1988 July 27 - 05:47 GMT - Wallops Island -. Black Brant 8C NASA 27.120UE TR 2 Plasma mission Agency: NASA. Apogee: 340 km (210 mi).

1988 September 10 - 17:10 GMT - Wallops Island -. LV Model: Black Brant 9 . Black Brant IX NASA 36.46UE ERIC III Plasma mission Agency: NASA. Apogee: 300 km (180 mi).

1988 September 11 - 07:30 GMT - White Sands LC36. LV Model: Black Brant 9 . Black Brant IX NASA 36.31UG Astronomy mission Agency: NASA. Apogee: 300 km (180 mi).

1988 September 15 - 10:40 GMT - White Sands -. Black Brant 8C NASA 27.110UL Aeronomy mission Agency: NASA. Apogee: 340 km (210 mi).

1988 September 30 - 18:10 GMT - Wallops Island -. LV Model: Black Brant 12 . Black Brant XII NASA 12.41WT BEARS Test / aeronomy mission Agency: NASA. Apogee: 950 km (590 mi).

1988 October 24 - 18:03 GMT - White Sands LC36. LV Model: Black Brant 9 . Black Brant IX NASA 36.41UL SOLLY Ultraviolet astronomy mission Agency: NASA. Apogee: 300 km (180 mi).

1988 November 7 - 19:02 GMT - Andoya -. LV Model: Black Brant 5C . Black Brant VC NASA 21.98IE NEED I(Ferdinand 79) Ionosphere mission Agency: NASA. Apogee: 322 km (200 mi).

1988 November 10 - 19:00 GMT - White Sands LC36. LV Model: Black Brant 5C . Black Brant VC NASA 21.101UU NCAR / CU-1 Aeronomy / solar ultraviolet mission Agency: NASA. Apogee: 250 km (150 mi).

1988 November 20 - 18:30 GMT - White Sands LC36. LV Model: Black Brant 9 . Black Brant IX NASA 36.44DS HRTS 6 / ASL-San Marco Test / solar mission Agency: NASA. Apogee: 300 km (180 mi).

1988 December 7 - 04:40 GMT - White Sands -. Black Brant 8C NASA 27.121UH X-ray astronomy mission Agency: NASA. Apogee: 340 km (210 mi).

1988 December 17 - 11:01 GMT - Andoya -. LV Model: Black Brant 10 . Black Brant X NASA 35.024UE CUSP Plasma mission Agency: NASA. Apogee: 515 km (320 mi).

1989 January 9 - 08:10 GMT - White Sands LC36. LV Model: Black Brant 9 . Black Brant IX NASA 36.45UG FAILURE: Failure. JHU FOT 8 (Io) Ultraviolet astronomy mission Agency: NASA. Apogee: 10 km (6 mi).

1989 January 17 - 19:00 GMT - White Sands LC36. LV Model: Black Brant 9 . Black Brant IX NASA 36.47GU Aeronomy mission Agency: NASA. Apogee: 300 km (180 mi).

1989 January 30 - 21:14 GMT - Andoya -. LV Model: Black Brant 10B . Black Brant XB AAF-XB-02 OEDIPUS A Plasma / tether mission Agency: CSA. Apogee: 512 km (318 mi).

1989 March 3 - 18:17 GMT - Kiruna -. LV Model: Black Brant 5B . Black Brant VB NASA 21.100GE ERRRIS II Aeronomy mission Agency: NASA. Apogee: 124 km (77 mi).

1989 March 4 - 01:02 GMT - Kiruna -. LV Model: Black Brant 5C . Black Brant VC NASA 21.96GE ERRRIS II Aurora mission Agency: NASA. Apogee: 175 km (108 mi).

1989 March 29 - 15:41 GMT - White Sands LC36. Black Brant 9CM1 Starfire 1/F1 CONSORT 1 Microgravity mission Agency: SSI. Apogee: 308 km (191 mi). CONSORT 1 - six microgravity experiments for UA)

1989 April 9 - 04:37 GMT - Fort Churchill -. LV Model: Black Brant 10B . Black Brant XB NASA 35.022GE Barium release + Plasma mission Agency: NASA. Apogee: 700 km (430 mi).

1989 April 10 - 08:21 GMT - Kiruna MRL. LV Model: Black Brant 9 . Black Brant IX MASER 3 MASER 3 Microgravity mission Agency: SSC. Apogee: 297 km (184 mi).

1989 April 11 - 03:36 GMT - Fort Churchill -. LV Model: Black Brant 10B . Black Brant XB NASA 35.021GE Barium release + Plasma mission Agency: NASA. Apogee: 900 km (550 mi).

1989 May 4 - 01:42 GMT - Wallops Island -. LV Model: Black Brant 10 . Black Brant X NASA 35.019UE CRIT-2? Plasma / barium release mission Agency: NASA. Apogee: 430 km (260 mi).

1989 May 5 - 17:45 GMT - White Sands LC36. LV Model: Black Brant 9 . Black Brant IX NASA 36.25GS SERTS-89 (SERTS-3) Solar mission Agency: NASA. Apogee: 320 km (190 mi).

1989 May 31 - Biscarosse CE. Site CE test Agency: AERO. Apogee: 250 km (150 mi).

1989 June 20 - 19:00 GMT - White Sands LC36. LV Model: Black Brant 9 . Black Brant IX NASA 36.54US NCAR / CU-2 Solar ultraviolet mission Agency: NASA. Apogee: 300 km (180 mi).

1989 June 27 - 06:00 GMT - White Sands LC36. LV Model: Black Brant 9 . Black Brant IX NASA 36.43GG MAMA ultraviolet Telescope Astronomy mission Agency: NASA. Apogee: 300 km (180 mi).

1989 July 17 - 19:22 GMT - White Sands -. Black Brant 8C NASA 27.122UE Plasma mission Agency: NASA. Apogee: 340 km (210 mi).

1989 July 24 - 08:39 GMT - Poker Flat -. Black Brant 8C SP-4 DRO-0401 CHEER / Black Star 1 Target mission Agency: SDIO. Apogee: 340 km (210 mi).

1989 July 31 - Wallops Island -. LV Model: Black Brant 5C . Black Brant VC Black Star 5 Target mission Agency: SDIO. Apogee: 250 km (150 mi).

1989 July 31 - Wallops Island -. LV Model: Black Brant 10 . Black Brant X Black Star 3 Target mission Agency: SDIO. Apogee: 900 km (550 mi).

1989 August 13 - 09:00 GMT - Poker Flat -. Black Brant 8C SP-4 DRO-0402 CHEER / Black Star 2 Target mission Agency: SDIO. Apogee: 340 km (210 mi).

1989 August 23 - 18:05 GMT - White Sands LC36. LV Model: Black Brant 9 . Black Brant IX NASA 36.59UL Extreme ultraviolet Spectrometer Aeronomy / solar extreme ultraviolet mission Agency: NASA. Apogee: 333 km (206 mi).

1989 September 11 - 16:36 GMT - White Sands LC36. LV Model: Black Brant 9 . Black Brant IX NASA 36.52US Solar extreme ultraviolet / soft x-ray mission Agency: NASA. Apogee: 300 km (180 mi).

1989 September 15 - Wallops Island -. LV Model: Black Brant 5C . Black Brant VC Black Star 6 Target mission Agency: SDIO. Apogee: 250 km (150 mi).

1989 October 23 - 01:58 GMT - Wallops Island -. LV Model: Black Brant 9 . Black Brant IX NASA 36.37DE NICARE 1 Plasma mission Agency: NASA. Apogee: 310 km (190 mi).

1989 November 15 - White Sands LC36. Black Brant 9CM1 Starfire 1/F2 FAILURE: Failure. CONSORT 2 Microgravity mission Agency: SSI. Apogee: 10 km (6 mi). CONSORT 2 - microgravity experiments.

1989 November 20 - 02:30 GMT - White Sands -. Black Brant 8B NASA 27.123UG Astronomy mission Agency: NASA. Apogee: 340 km (210 mi).

1989 December 5 - 19:21 GMT - Wallops Island -. LV Model: Black Brant 12 . Black Brant XII NASA 12.42WT Test mission Agency: NASA. Apogee: 1,459 km (906 mi).

1990 January 21 - 06:05 GMT - White Sands -. COBRA Submillimeter radio astronomy mission Agency: CSA. Apogee: 250 km (150 mi).

1990 January 23 - 19:40 GMT - White Sands LC36. LV Model: Black Brant 9 . Black Brant IX NASA 36.33UL PACE Aeronomy mission Agency: NASA. Apogee: 300 km (180 mi).

1990 February 1 - 12:07 GMT - Poker Flat -. LV Model: Black Brant 11 . Black Brant XI NASA 39.02UE Aurora mission Agency: NASA. Apogee: 375 km (233 mi).

1990 February 23 - 07:31 GMT - Poker Flat -. Black Brant 10CM1 NASA 35.20UE ARCS 4 Plasma mission Agency: NASA. Apogee: 586 km (364 mi).

1990 March 9 - 18:00 GMT - White Sands LC36. LV Model: Black Brant 9 . Black Brant IX NASA 36.66GU Aeronomy mission Agency: NASA. Apogee: 300 km (180 mi).

1990 March 17 - 04:30 GMT - White Sands LC36. LV Model: Black Brant 9 . Black Brant IX NASA 36.34UH X-ray astronomy mission Agency: NASA. Apogee: 300 km (180 mi).

1990 March 22 - 07:38 GMT - Poker Flat -. LV Model: Black Brant 12 . Black Brant XII NASA 40.02UE Aurora mission Agency: NASA. Apogee: 1,400 km (800 mi).

1990 March 29 - 08:07 GMT - Kiruna MRL. LV Model: Black Brant 9 . Black Brant IX MASER 4 Microgravity mission Agency: ESA. Apogee: 317 km (196 mi).

1990 March 30 - 17:00 GMT - White Sands LC36. LV Model: Black Brant 9 . Black Brant IX NASA 36.53DE Plasma mission Agency: NASA. Apogee: 300 km (180 mi).

1990 April 5 - 13:47 GMT - Wallops Island -. LV Model: Black Brant 10 . Black Brant X NASA 35.28CE WISP 1 Plasma mission Agency: NASA. Apogee: 586 km (364 mi).

1990 April 9 - 08:50 GMT - White Sands LC36. LV Model: Black Brant 9 . Black Brant IX NASA 36.67UG Astronomy mission Agency: NASA. Apogee: 300 km (180 mi).

1990 April 17 - 06:00 GMT - White Sands LC36. LV Model: Black Brant 9 . Black Brant IX NASA 36.63UG Astronomy mission Agency: NASA. Apogee: 300 km (180 mi).

1990 April 21 - 10:15 GMT - White Sands LC36. LV Model: Black Brant 9 . Black Brant IX NASA 36.73UG JHU FOT 9 (C / Austin) Ultraviolet astronomy mission Agency: NASA. Apogee: 300 km (180 mi).

1990 April 28 - 09:45 GMT - White Sands LC36. LV Model: Black Brant 9 . Black Brant IX NASA 36.74UG Astronomy mission Agency: NASA. Apogee: 300 km (180 mi).

1990 May 16 - 13:40 GMT - White Sands LC36. Black Brant 9CM1 Starfire 1/F3 CONSORT 3 Microgravity mission Agency: SSI. Apogee: 304 km (188 mi). CONSORT 3 - 12 microgravity experiments

1990 June 1 - 14:25 GMT - White Sands LC36. LV Model: Black Brant 9 . Black Brant IX NASA 36.69UL Aeronomy mission Agency: NASA. Apogee: 300 km (180 mi).

1990 July 12 - Biscarosse CE. Test mission Agency: AERO. Apogee: 250 km (150 mi).

1990 July 16 - 07:00 GMT - White Sands -. Black Brant 8C NASA 27.124UG Astronomy mission Agency: NASA. Apogee: 340 km (210 mi).

1990 August 22 - 08:16 GMT - Kwajalein RN. LV Model: Black Brant 9 . Black Brant IX NASA 36.56DE NICARE 2 Plasma mission Agency: NASA. Apogee: 350 km (210 mi).

1990 August 25 - Wallops Island -. Black Brant 10CM1 SDI BP-1 SPFE 1 (LACE Target) Technology test Agency: SDIO. Apogee: 200 km (120 mi).

1990 September 4 - 19:04 GMT - White Sands LC36. LV Model: Black Brant 9 . Black Brant IX NASA 36.72UL Extreme ultraviolet Spectrometer Aeronomy / solar extreme ultraviolet mission Agency: NASA. Apogee: 326 km (202 mi).

1990 October 12 - 20:28 GMT - Andoya -. LV Model: Black Brant 5C . Black Brant VC NASA 21.102IE NEED II (F-80) Aurora mission Agency: NASA. Apogee: 304 km (188 mi).

1990 October 15 - Biscarosse CE. Test mission Agency: AERO. Apogee: 250 km (150 mi).

1990 November 21 - 18:15 GMT - White Sands LC36. LV Model: Black Brant 9 . Black Brant IX NASA 36.058DS AS&E SIAP XRT Chemical release mission Agency: NASA. Apogee: 300 km (180 mi).

1990 November 21 - 18:40 GMT - White Sands LC36. LV Model: Black Brant 9 . Black Brant IX NASA 36.060DS HRTS 7? Solar mission Agency: NASA. Apogee: 300 km (180 mi).

1991 January 26 - 06:25 GMT - White Sands LC36. LV Model: Black Brant 9 . Black Brant IX NASA 36.057UG JHU FOT 10 (Io) Ultraviolet astronomy mission Agency: NASA. Apogee: 300 km (180 mi).

1991 February 12 - 09:11 GMT - Poker Flat -. LV Model: Black Brant 12 . Black Brant XII NASA 40.01UE TOPAZ 3 Active plasma mission Agency: NASA. Apogee: 1,000 km (600 mi).

1991 February 22 - 19:46 GMT - White Sands LC36. LV Model: Black Brant 9 . Black Brant IX NASA 36.070US Solar mission Agency: NASA. Apogee: 300 km (180 mi).

1991 March 18 - 10:15 GMT - White Sands LC36. LV Model: Black Brant 9 . Black Brant IX NASA 36.077UH Colorado SXT X-ray astronomy mission Agency: NASA. Apogee: 300 km (180 mi).

1991 March 23 - 07:00 GMT - White Sands LC36. LV Model: Black Brant 9 . Black Brant IX NASA 36.068GG MAMA ultraviolet Telescope Ultraviolet astronomy mission Agency: NASA. Apogee: 300 km (180 mi).

1991 March 30 - 02:27 GMT - White Sands LC36. LV Model: Black Brant 9 . Black Brant IX NASA 36.078UL Aeronomy mission Agency: NASA. Apogee: 300 km (180 mi).

1991 April 17 - 07:46 GMT - Wallops Island -. Black Brant 10CM1 SDI BP-2 SPFE 2 (LACE Target) Technology test Agency: SDIO. Apogee: 300 km (180 mi).

1991 May 4 - 04:10 GMT - White Sands LC36. LV Model: Black Brant 9 . Black Brant IX NASA 36.062UL UM JASPR I Ultraviolet astronomy mission Agency: NASA. Apogee: 300 km (180 mi).

1991 May 7 - 18:05 GMT - White Sands LC36. LV Model: Black Brant 9 . Black Brant IX NASA 36.086GS SERTS-91 (04) Solar mission Agency: NASA. Apogee: 300 km (180 mi).

1991 May 13 - 19:03 GMT - White Sands LC36. LV Model: Black Brant 9 . Black Brant IX NASA 36.049US MSSTA I Solar x-ray mission Agency: NASA. Apogee: 230 km (140 mi).

1991 July 11 - 17:25 GMT - White Sands LC36. LV Model: Black Brant 9 . Black Brant IX NASA 36.087US Solar extreme ultraviolet mission Agency: NASA. Apogee: 300 km (180 mi).

1991 August 1 - 01:28 GMT - Kiruna -. LV Model: Black Brant 5B . Black Brant VB NASA 21.103GE NLC-91 N-B-E03 EFIELD-B Ionosphere mission Agency: NASA. Apogee: 99 km (61 mi).

1991 August 9 - 23:30 GMT - Kiruna -. LV Model: Black Brant 5B . Black Brant VB NASA 21.104GE NLC-91 N-B-E16 EFIELD-A Ionosphere mission Agency: NASA. Apogee: 101 km (62 mi).

1991 September 6 - 21:50 GMT - White Sands -. Black Brant 8C NASA 27.129UE Plasma mission Agency: NASA. Apogee: 148 km (91 mi).

1991 November 16 - 15:30 GMT - White Sands LC36. Black Brant 9CM1 Starfire 1/F4 CONSORT 4 Microgravity mission Agency: SSI. Apogee: 298 km (185 mi). CONSORT 4 - 9 microgravity experiments.

1992 January 11 - 03:40 GMT - White Sands LC36. LV Model: Black Brant 9 . Black Brant IX NASA 36.079UG Astronomy mission Agency: NASA. Apogee: 248 km (154 mi).

1992 January 23 - 19:19 GMT - White Sands LC36. LV Model: Black Brant 9 . Black Brant IX NASA 36.075UE Plasma mission Agency: NASA. Apogee: 300 km (180 mi).

1992 January 31 - 11:55 GMT - White Sands LC36. LV Model: Black Brant 9 . Black Brant IX NASA 36.096UH Colorado SXT X-ray astronomy mission Agency: NASA. Apogee: 300 km (180 mi).

1992 February 22 - 03:15 GMT - White Sands LC36. LV Model: Black Brant 9 . Black Brant IX NASA 36.089UG Astronomy mission Agency: NASA. Apogee: 300 km (180 mi).

1992 March 3 - 14:06 GMT - Poker Flat -. Black Brant 8C NASA 27.130CE Aria-1 Plasma mission Agency: NASA. Apogee: 289 km (179 mi).

1992 March 19 - 16:05 GMT - White Sands LC36. LV Model: Black Brant 9 . Black Brant IX CSAR 1 CSAR 1 Microgravity mission Agency: CSA. Apogee: 226 km (140 mi).

1992 March 19 - 16:10 GMT - White Sands LC36. LV Model: Black Brant 9 . Black Brant IX NASA 36.088DE HIRAAS 2 Airglow mission Agency: NASA. Apogee: 300 km (180 mi).

1992 March 29 - 07:27 GMT - Poker Flat -. LV Model: Black Brant 11 . Black Brant XI NASA 39.03UE CHARGE-2B Ionosphere / tether mission Agency: NASA. Apogee: 267 km (165 mi).

1992 April 9 - 10:40 GMT - Kiruna -. Black Brant 9BM1 MASER 5 MASER 5 Microgravity mission Agency: SSC. Apogee: 317 km (196 mi).

1992 May 12 - 14:26 GMT - White Sands LC36. LV Model: Black Brant 9 . Black Brant IX NASA 36.048CS SPARTAN SPDE Solar mission Agency: NASA. Apogee: 300 km (180 mi).

1992 May 30 - 08:11 GMT - Arecibo -. LV Model: Black Brant 9 . Black Brant IX NASA 36.65DE EL COQUI AA-4 / IFH Plasma mission Agency: NASA. Apogee: 308 km (191 mi).

1992 June 6 - 08:37 GMT - Arecibo -. LV Model: Black Brant 9 . Black Brant IX NASA 36.64CE EL COQUI AA-3B Plasma mission Agency: NASA. Apogee: 370 km (220 mi).

1992 June 9 - 05:32 GMT - Arecibo -. LV Model: Black Brant 9 . Black Brant IX NASA 36.71UE EL COQUI Plasma mission Agency: NASA. Apogee: 300 km (180 mi).

1992 June 23 - 00:24 GMT - Arecibo -. LV Model: Black Brant 5C . Black Brant VC NASA 21.105GE EL COQUI Ionosphere mission Agency: NASA. Apogee: 250 km (150 mi).

1992 July 2 - 09:01 GMT - Arecibo -. LV Model: Black Brant 9 . Black Brant IX NASA 36.82DE EL COQUI AA-1 Plasma mission Agency: NASA. Apogee: 250 km (150 mi).

1992 July 4 - 08:58 GMT - Arecibo -. LV Model: Black Brant 9 . Black Brant IX NASA 36.83DE EL COQUI AA-7 Plasma mission Agency: NASA. Apogee: 250 km (150 mi).

1992 July 12 - 09:02 GMT - Arecibo -. LV Model: Black Brant 9 . Black Brant IX NASA 36.81CE EL COQUI AA-2 Plasma mission Agency: NASA. Apogee: 252 km (156 mi).

1992 July 24 - 13:36 GMT - Poker Flat -. Black Brant 8C NASA 27.133UE Plasma mission Agency: NASA. Apogee: 340 km (210 mi).

1992 August 24 - 16:30 GMT - White Sands LC36. LV Model: Black Brant 9 . Black Brant IX NASA 36.090DS HRTS 8 Solar mission Agency: NASA. Apogee: 249 km (154 mi).

1992 August 27 - 18:30 GMT - Wallops Island -. Black Brant 8C NASA 12.045WT Test mission Agency: NASA. Apogee: 198 km (123 mi).

1992 September 10 - 14:30 GMT - White Sands LC36. Black Brant 9CM1 Starfire 1/F5 FAILURE: Failure. CONSORT 5 Microgravity mission Agency: SSI. Apogee: 235 km (146 mi). CONSORT 5 Microgravity experiments.

1992 October 27 - 18:30 GMT - White Sands LC36. LV Model: Black Brant 9 . Black Brant IX NASA 36.098UE NCAR / CU-3 Solar ultraviolet mission Agency: NASA. Apogee: 298 km (185 mi).

1992 December 9 - Biscarosse CE. VERT (POIVRE) Test / imaging mission Agency: MATRA. Apogee: 300 km (180 mi).

1992 December 15 - 03:00 GMT - White Sands LC36. LV Model: Black Brant 9 . Black Brant IX NASA 36.085UG JHU FOT 11 (HUT Cal) Ultraviolet astronomy mission Agency: NASA. Apogee: 302 km (187 mi).

1993 January 27 - 10:43 GMT - Poker Flat -. LV Model: Black Brant 12 . Black Brant XII NASA 40.03UE FAILURE: Failure. PHAZE Ionosphere mission Agency: NASA. Apogee: 10 km (6 mi).

1993 February 8 - 20:00 GMT - White Sands LC36. LV Model: Black Brant 9 . Black Brant IX NASA 36.100NS Solar mission Agency: NASA. Apogee: 289 km (179 mi).

1993 February 19 - 18:00 GMT - White Sands LC36. Black Brant 9CM1 Starfire 1/F6 CONSORT 6 Microgravity mission Agency: SSI. Apogee: 301 km (187 mi). CONSORT 6 Microgravity experiments.

1993 March 16 - 02:12 GMT - Wallops Island LA2. SPEAR 3 Active plasma mission Agency: SDIO. Apogee: 290 km (180 mi).

1993 April 2 - 10:09 GMT - Poker Flat -. LV Model: Black Brant 12 . Black Brant XII NASA 40.04UE UCB Alaska '93 Ionosphere mission Agency: NASA. Apogee: 1,425 km (885 mi).

1993 April 12 - 17:18 GMT - White Sands LC36. LV Model: Black Brant 9 . Black Brant IX NASA 36.099US NIXT Solar mission Agency: NASA. Apogee: 226 km (140 mi).

1993 April 17 - 09:15 GMT - White Sands LC36. LV Model: Black Brant 9 . Black Brant IX NASA 36.095UH Colorado SXT X-ray astronomy mission Agency: NASA. Apogee: 254 km (157 mi).

1993 May 6 - 15:38 GMT - Poker Flat -. Black Brant 8C NASA 27.136UE Plasma mission Agency: NASA. Apogee: 271 km (168 mi).

1993 June 16 - 04:39 GMT - White Sands LC36. LV Model: Black Brant 9 . Black Brant IX NASA 36.101UL Aeronomy mission Agency: NASA. Apogee: 253 km (157 mi).

1993 July 22 - 08:25 GMT - Wallops Island -. LV Model: Black Brant 10 . Black Brant X NASA 35.29UE WISP 2 Plasma mission Agency: NASA. Apogee: 900 km (550 mi).

1993 July 27 - Biscarosse CE. BLANC Imaging mission Agency: MATRA. Apogee: 300 km (180 mi).

1993 August 17 - 18:00 GMT - White Sands LC36. LV Model: Black Brant 9 . Black Brant IX NASA 36.105GS SERTS-93 (05) Solar mission Agency: NASA. Apogee: 312 km (193 mi).

1993 October 4 - 17:45 GMT - White Sands LC36. LV Model: Black Brant 9 . Black Brant IX NASA 36.107UE NCAR / CU-4 Solar ultraviolet mission Agency: NASA. Apogee: 300 km (180 mi).

1994 January 30 - 22:00 GMT - Poker Flat -. Black Brant 8C NASA 27.137UE Plasma mission Agency: NASA. Apogee: 340 km (210 mi).

1994 February 9 - 23:43 GMT - Andoya -. LV Model: Black Brant 9 . Black Brant IX NASA 36.110IE PULSAUR-2 (F-92) Aurora mission Agency: NASA/NTNF. Apogee: 300 km (180 mi).

1994 February 10 - 05:35 GMT - White Sands -. Black Brant 9CM1 NASA 36.097IE Gemini Plasma / aeronomy mission Agency: NASA/CSA. Apogee: 245 km (152 mi).

1994 February 12 - 13:16 GMT - Poker Flat -. Black Brant 8C NASA 27.131CE Aria-II Plasma mission Agency: NASA. Apogee: 242 km (150 mi).

1994 March 1 - Biscarosse CE. NOIR Imaging mission Agency: MATRA. Apogee: 300 km (180 mi).

1994 March 6 - 08:21 GMT - Poker Flat -. LV Model: Black Brant 12 . Black Brant XII NASA 40.05UE Auroral Turbulence 1 Ionosphere mission Agency: NASA. Apogee: 455 km (282 mi).

1994 March 11 - 06:50 GMT - Poker Flat -. LV Model: Black Brant 9 . Black Brant IX NASA 36.114DE HIRAAS 3 Aurora mission Agency: NASA. Apogee: 308 km (191 mi).

1994 April 18 - 04:30 GMT - White Sands LC36. LV Model: Black Brant 9 . Black Brant IX NASA 36.109UG JHU FOT 11R Ultraviolet astronomy mission Agency: NASA. Apogee: 300 km (180 mi).

1994 April 25 - 20:45 GMT - White Sands LC36. LV Model: Black Brant 9 . Black Brant IX NASA 36.123CS Solar mission Agency: NASA. Apogee: 300 km (180 mi).

1994 July 20 - 05:53 GMT - White Sands LC36. LV Model: Black Brant 9 . Black Brant IX NASA 36.121CL EUVS Jupiter Ultraviolet astronomy mission Agency: NASA. Apogee: 163 km (101 mi).

1994 August 16 - 03:25 GMT - White Sands LC36. LV Model: Black Brant 9 . Black Brant IX NASA 36.117CL EUVS Venus Ultraviolet astronomy mission Agency: NASA. Apogee: 300 km (180 mi).

1994 September 9 - 13:33 GMT - Alcantara -. LV Model: Black Brant 5C . Black Brant VC NASA 21.110GE GUARA Electrojet Ionosphere mission Agency: NASA. Apogee: 120 km (70 mi).

1994 September 21 - 13:56 GMT - Alcantara -. LV Model: Black Brant 5C . Black Brant VC NASA 21.111GE GUARA Electrojet Ionosphere mission Agency: NASA. Apogee: 120 km (70 mi).

1994 October 4 - 18:58 GMT - White Sands LC36. LV Model: Black Brant 9 . Black Brant IX NASA 36.084UE PIMS Ionosphere mission Agency: NASA. Apogee: 300 km (180 mi).

1994 October 6 - 13:22 GMT - Alcantara -. LV Model: Black Brant 5C . Black Brant VC NASA 21.112GE FAILURE: Failure. GUARA Electrojet Ionosphere mission Agency: NASA. Apogee: 120 km (70 mi).

1994 October 14 - 22:55 GMT - Alcantara -. LV Model: Black Brant 10 . Black Brant X NASA 35.030IE GUARA High Altitude Spread F Ionosphere mission Agency: NASA. Apogee: 956 km (594 mi).

1994 October 15 - 13:41 GMT - Alcantara -. LV Model: Black Brant 5C . Black Brant VC NASA 21.113GE GUARA Electrojet Ionosphere mission Agency: NASA. Apogee: 120 km (70 mi).

1994 November 3 - 18:45 GMT - White Sands LC36. LV Model: Black Brant 9 . Black Brant IX NASA 36.124AE NCAR / CU-5 Ionosphere / solar ultraviolet mission Agency: NASA. Apogee: 231 km (143 mi).

1994 November 3 - 19:15 GMT - White Sands LC36. LV Model: Black Brant 9 . Black Brant IX NASA 36.091US MSSTA II Solar x-ray mission Agency: NASA. Apogee: 272 km (169 mi).

1994 November 22 - 15:40 GMT - White Sands LC36. LV Model: Black Brant 9 . Black Brant IX NASA 36.103NP Test mission Agency: NASA. Apogee: 300 km (180 mi).

1994 December 3 - 07:45 GMT - White Sands LC36. LV Model: Black Brant 9 . Black Brant IX NASA 36.050UG WISP 1 Astronomy mission Agency: NASA. Apogee: 300 km (180 mi).

1994 December 8 - White Sands LC36. Black Brant 9CM1 Starfire 1/F7 CSAR-2 Microgravity mission Agency: CSA. Apogee: 254 km (157 mi). CSAR II (Canadian materials processing payload)

1994 December 17 - 02:55 GMT - White Sands LC36. LV Model: Black Brant 9 . Black Brant IX NASA 36.102UG Astronomy mission Agency: NASA. Apogee: 300 km (180 mi).

1995 January 25 - 06:24 GMT - Andoya U3. LV Model: Black Brant 12 . Black Brant XII NASA 40.06IE SCIFER Ionosphere mission Agency: NASA. Apogee: 1,453 km (902 mi).

1995 February 2 - 15:27 GMT - Poker Flat -. Black Brant 8C NASA 27.138CE Aria-II Ionosphere mission Agency: NASA. Apogee: 340 km (210 mi).

1995 February 24 - 10:21 GMT - Poker Flat -. LV Model: Black Brant 12 . Black Brant XII NASA 40.07UE AMICIST Auroral mission Agency: NASA. Apogee: 900 km (550 mi).

1995 March 21 - 19:11 GMT - White Sands LC36. LV Model: Black Brant 9 . Black Brant IX NASA 36.120UE PIMS Ionosphere mission Agency: NASA. Apogee: 153 km (95 mi).

1995 March 25 - 08:55 GMT - Poker Flat -. Black Brant 10CM1 NASA 35.031UE Ionosphere / release mission Agency: NASA GSFC. Apogee: 900 km (550 mi).

1995 April 1 - 09:33 GMT - White Sands LC36. LV Model: Black Brant 9 . Black Brant IX NASA 36.104UL Aeronomy mission Agency: NASA. Apogee: 156 km (96 mi).

1995 April 15 - 10:07 GMT - White Sands LC36. LV Model: Black Brant 9 . Black Brant IX NASA 36.137CL EUVS Spica Occulation Ultraviolet astronomy mission Agency: NASA. Apogee: 260 km (160 mi).

1995 April 18 - 18:00 GMT - White Sands LC36. LV Model: Black Brant 9 . Black Brant IX NASA 36.108DS Solar mission Agency: NASA. Apogee: 247 km (153 mi).

1995 May 15 - 18:00 GMT - White Sands LC36. LV Model: Black Brant 9 . Black Brant IX NASA 36.123GS SERTS-95 (06) Solar mission Agency: NASA. Apogee: 191 km (118 mi).

1995 May 22 - 07:05 GMT - White Sands LC36. LV Model: Black Brant 9 . Black Brant IX NASA 36.092UH X-ray astronomy mission Agency: NASA. Apogee: 300 km (180 mi).

1995 August 28 - 17:30 GMT - White Sands LC36. LV Model: Black Brant 9 . Black Brant IX NASA 36.138NP Microgravity mission Agency: NASA GSFC. Apogee: 300 km (180 mi).

1995 September 2 - 01:13 GMT - White Sands LC36. LV Model: Black Brant 9 . Black Brant IX NASA 36.111UE Thunderstorm III Ionosphere mission Agency: NASA GSFC. Apogee: 300 km (180 mi).

1995 September 12 - 18:05 GMT - White Sands LC36. Black Brant 9CM1 NASA 36.131US Solar mission Agency: NASA. Apogee: 197 km (122 mi).

1995 October 25 - 13:13 GMT - Woomera LA2. LV Model: Black Brant 9 . Black Brant IX NASA 36.106UH X-ray astronomy mission Agency: NASA GSFC. Apogee: 300 km (180 mi).

1995 October 28 - 18:00 GMT - Woomera LA2. LV Model: Black Brant 9 . Black Brant IX NASA 36.132UG JHU FOT 12 (30 Dor) Ultraviolet astronomy mission Agency: NASA GSFC. Apogee: 300 km (180 mi).

1995 November 5 - 16:14 GMT - Woomera LA2. LV Model: Black Brant 9 . Black Brant IX NASA 36.116UG Astronomy mission Agency: NASA GSFC. Apogee: 300 km (180 mi).

1995 November 7 - 06:38 GMT - Poker Flat -. LV Model: Black Brant 12 . Black Brant XII NASA 40.09IE OEDIPUS C Ionosphere / tether mission Agency: CSA/NASA. Apogee: 824 km (512 mi).

1995 November 14 - 17:04 GMT - Woomera LA2. LV Model: Black Brant 9 . Black Brant IX NASA 36.127UG Astronomy mission Agency: NASA GSFC. Apogee: 300 km (180 mi).

1995 November 19 - 15:30 GMT - Woomera LA2. LV Model: Black Brant 9 . Black Brant IX NASA 36.128UG WISP 2 Astronomy mission Agency: NASA GSFC. Apogee: 300 km (180 mi).

1995 November 20 - 17:00 GMT - Woomera LA2. LV Model: Black Brant 9 . Black Brant IX NASA 36.126UG Astronomy mission Agency: NASA GSFC. Apogee: 300 km (180 mi).

1995 November 27 - 08:07 GMT - Poker Flat -. Black Brant 8C NASA 27.139CE Ionosphere mission Agency: NASA GSFC. Apogee: 340 km (210 mi).

1995 December 4 - 11:20 GMT - White Sands LC36. Black Brant 8C NASA 27.132UH XQC F1 X-ray astronomy mission Agency: NASA GSFC. Apogee: 220 km (130 mi).

1996 February 23 - 19:17 GMT - White Sands LC36. LV Model: Black Brant 9 . Black Brant IX NASA 36.143UE Ionosphere mission Agency: NASA GSFC. Apogee: 300 km (180 mi).

1996 February 23 - 19:44 GMT - White Sands LC36. LV Model: Black Brant 9 . Black Brant IX NASA 36.145NP Microgravity mission Agency: NASA GSFC. Apogee: 300 km (180 mi).

1996 March 6 - 03:35 GMT - White Sands LC36. LV Model: Black Brant 9 . Black Brant IX NASA 36.122UG Astronomy mission Agency: NASA GSFC. Apogee: 300 km (180 mi).

1996 April 3 - 15:59 GMT - White Sands LC36. Black Brant 9CM1 Starfire 1/F8 CONQUEST 1 Aeronomy mission Agency: SSI. Apogee: 281 km (174 mi).

1996 June 4 - 05:06 GMT - White Sands LC36. Black Brant 8C NASA 27.140UH XQC F2 X-ray astronomy mission Agency: NASA GSFC. Apogee: 220 km (130 mi).

1996 June 13 - Barking Sands -. LAADEX Target Agency: USN. Apogee: 180 km (110 mi).

1996 June 17 - 05:50 GMT - White Sands LC36. LV Model: Black Brant 9 . Black Brant IX NASA 36.134UR Radio astronomy mission Agency: NASA GSFC. Apogee: 300 km (180 mi).

1996 June 20 - 14:40 GMT - White Sands LC36. LV Model: Black Brant 9 . Black Brant IX NASA 36.118NP DARTFire 1 Microgravity mission Agency: NASA GSFC. Apogee: 300 km (180 mi).

1996 June 26 - 19:00 GMT - White Sands LC36. LV Model: Black Brant 9 . Black Brant IX NASA 36.147US USC-1 SOHO Cal Solar extreme ultraviolet mission Agency: NASA GSFC. Apogee: 309 km (192 mi).

1996 July 14 - 07:15 GMT - White Sands LC36. Black Brant 9CM1 NASA 36.113UG NUVIEWS 1 Ultraviolet astronomy mission Agency: NASA. Apogee: 300 km (180 mi).

1996 July 26 - 09:40 GMT - White Sands LC36. Black Brant 9CM1 NASA 36.148CL EUVS Venus Ultraviolet astronomy mission Agency: NASA. Apogee: 300 km (180 mi).

1996 August 20 - 16:00 GMT - White Sands LC36. Black Brant 9CM1 NASA 36.130NS Solar mission Agency: NASA. Apogee: 300 km (180 mi).

1996 August 29 - 17:38 GMT - Wallops Island -. Target mission Agency: BMDO?. Apogee: 100 km (60 mi).

1996 October 16 - 16:02 GMT - White Sands LC36. LV Model: Black Brant 9 . Black Brant IX NASA 36.154NP DARTFire 2 Microgravity mission Agency: NASA GSFC. Apogee: 300 km (180 mi).

1996 October 21 - 03:00 GMT - White Sands LC36. LV Model: Black Brant 9 . Black Brant IX NASA 36.115UG JHU FPT 1 (Jupiter) Ultraviolet astronomy mission Agency: NASA GSFC. Apogee: 300 km (180 mi).

1996 October 29 - 03:30 GMT - White Sands LC36. LV Model: Black Brant 9 . Black Brant IX NASA 36.149UL Aeronomy mission Agency: NASA GSFC. Apogee: 300 km (180 mi).

1996 November 13 - 18:30 GMT - White Sands LC36. LV Model: Black Brant 9 . Black Brant IX NASA 36.142GS SERTS-96 (07) Solar extreme ultraviolet mission Agency: NASA GSFC. Apogee: 300 km (180 mi).

1997 February 10 - 05:17 GMT - Poker Flat -. LV Model: Black Brant 12 . Black Brant XII NASA 40.10UE PHAZE 2 Ionosphere mission Agency: NASA. Apogee: 945 km (587 mi).

1997 February 11 - 08:36 GMT - Poker Flat -. LV Model: Black Brant 12 . Black Brant XII NASA 40.11UE Auroral Turbulence 2 Ionosphere mission Agency: NASA. Apogee: 546 km (339 mi).

1997 February 26 - 20:00 GMT - White Sands LC36. LV Model: Black Brant 9 . Black Brant IX NASA 36.161NP DARTFire 3 Microgravity mission Agency: NASA GSFC. Apogee: 300 km (180 mi).

1997 March 13 - 10:20 GMT - Poker Flat -. LV Model: Black Brant 9 . Black Brant IX NASA 36.139UE Ionosphere mission Agency: NASA GSFC. Apogee: 300 km (180 mi).

1997 March 25 - 03:15 GMT - White Sands LC36. LV Model: Black Brant 9 . Black Brant IX NASA 36.158UL Hale-Bopp Ultraviolet astronomy mission Agency: NASA. Apogee: 282 km (175 mi).

1997 March 30 - 03:25 GMT - White Sands LC36. LV Model: Black Brant 9 . Black Brant IX NASA 36.155CL EUVS Ultraviolet astronomy mission Agency: NASA. Apogee: 300 km (180 mi).

1997 April 6 - 03:45 GMT - White Sands LC36. Black Brant 9CM1 NASA 36.156UG JHU FOT 13 Ultraviolet astronomy mission Agency: NASA. Apogee: 300 km (180 mi).

1997 April 8 - 03:55 GMT - White Sands LC36. Black Brant 9CM1 NASA 36.157UL WISP 3 Ultraviolet astronomy mission Agency: NASA. Apogee: 375 km (233 mi).

1997 May 2 - 07:30 GMT - White Sands LC36. LV Model: Black Brant 9 . Black Brant IX NASA 36.093UH X-ray astronomy mission Agency: NASA GSFC. Apogee: 300 km (180 mi).

1997 May 8 - 07:10 GMT - White Sands LC36. LV Model: Black Brant 9 . Black Brant IX NASA 36.133UG Astronomy mission Agency: NASA GSFC. Apogee: 300 km (180 mi).

1997 May 15 - 19:16 GMT - White Sands LC36. LV Model: Black Brant 9 . Black Brant IX NASA 36.135AE NCAR / CU-6 MXUVI Solar ultraviolet mission Agency: NASA GSFC. Apogee: 300 km (180 mi).

1997 May 29 - 04:56 GMT - White Sands LC36. LV Model: Black Brant 9 . Black Brant IX NASA 36.163UR Radio astronomy mission Agency: NASA GSFC. Apogee: 300 km (180 mi).

1997 August 8 - 16:29 GMT - White Sands -. LV Model: Black Brant 5C . Black Brant VC NASA 21.120NE METEORS Ionosphere / aeronomy mission Agency: NASA. Apogee: 250 km (150 mi).

1997 August 11 - 18:18 GMT - White Sands -. LV Model: Black Brant 9 . Black Brant IX NASA 36.164US USC-2 SOHO Cal Solar extreme ultraviolet mission Agency: NASA GSFC. Apogee: 307 km (190 mi).

1997 September 10 - 14:40 GMT - White Sands -. LV Model: Black Brant 9 . Black Brant IX NASA 36.165NP Microgravity mission Agency: NASA GSFC. Apogee: 300 km (180 mi).

1997 September 10 - 15:10 GMT - White Sands -. LV Model: Black Brant 9 . Black Brant IX NASA 36.169NM DARTFire 4 Microgravity mission Agency: NASA GSFC. Apogee: 300 km (180 mi).

1997 September 19 - 13:00 GMT - White Sands -. LV Model: Black Brant 9 . Black Brant IX NASA 36.144UE Ionosphere mission Agency: NASA GSFC. Apogee: 300 km (180 mi).

1997 September 30 - 20:10 GMT - White Sands LC36. LV Model: Black Brant 9 . Black Brant IX NASA 36.140DS HRTS 10 Solar mission Agency: NASA GSFC. Apogee: 300 km (180 mi).

1997 October 16 - 19:00 GMT - White Sands -. LV Model: Black Brant 9 . Black Brant IX NASA 36.129DS EIT-CALROC Solar mission Agency: NASA GSFC. Apogee: 350 km (210 mi).

1997 November 14 - 05:00 GMT - White Sands -. LV Model: Black Brant 9 . Black Brant IX NASA 36.080UG SCARI 1 Ultraviolet astronomy mission Agency: NASA GSFC. Apogee: 300 km (180 mi).

1997 November 18 - 19:35 GMT - White Sands LC36. LV Model: Black Brant 9 . Black Brant IX NASA 36.167GS SERTS-97 (08) Solar extreme ultraviolet mission Agency: NASA GSFC. Apogee: 300 km (180 mi).

1997 December 2 - 08:42 GMT - SvalRak -. LV Model: Black Brant 9 . Black Brant IX NASA 36.153IE Plasma mission Agency: NASA GSFC. Apogee: 433 km (269 mi).

1997 December 3 - 09:06 GMT - SvalRak -. LV Model: Black Brant 9 . Black Brant IX NASA 36.152IE Plasma mission Agency: NASA GSFC. Apogee: 446 km (277 mi).

1998 February 20 - 00:09 GMT - Arecibo -. LV Model: Black Brant 5C . Black Brant VC NASA 21.117UE Coqui Dos SAL Ionosphere mission Agency: NASA. Apogee: 115 km (71 mi).

1998 February 20 - 00:37 GMT - Arecibo -. LV Model: Black Brant 5C . Black Brant VC NASA 21.119UE Coqui Dos Ionosphere / release mission Agency: NASA. Apogee: 150 km (90 mi).

1998 February 25 - 03:17 GMT - Arecibo -. LV Model: Black Brant 5C . Black Brant VC NASA 21.118UE Coqui Dos Ionosphere / release mission Agency: NASA. Apogee: 150 km (90 mi).

1998 March 7 - 01:33 GMT - Arecibo -. LV Model: Black Brant 5C . Black Brant VC NASA 21.114UE Coqui Dos Ionosphere/Release mission Agency: NASA. Apogee: 250 km (150 mi).

1998 March 11 - 23:39 GMT - Arecibo -. LV Model: Black Brant 9 . Black Brant IX NASA 36.159UE Coqui Dos LaTuR Ionosphere mission Agency: NASA GSFC. Apogee: 375 km (233 mi).

1998 March 25 - 01:45 GMT - Arecibo -. LV Model: Black Brant 5C . Black Brant VC NASA 21.115UE Coqui Dos Ionosphere/Release mission Agency: NASA. Apogee: 250 km (150 mi).

1998 April 18 - 04:00 GMT - White Sands -. LV Model: Black Brant 9 . Black Brant IX NASA 36.177UG SCARI 2 Ultraviolet astronomy mission Agency: NASA GSFC. Apogee: 300 km (180 mi).

1998 April 18 - 07:30 GMT - White Sands -. LV Model: Black Brant 9 . Black Brant IX NASA 36.160UG Ultraviolet astronomy mission Agency: NASA GSFC. Apogee: 300 km (180 mi).

1998 April 28 - 12:10 GMT - Fort Churchill -. ACTIVE Ionosphere mission Agency: CSA. Apogee: 315 km (195 mi).

1998 May 22 - 06:22 GMT - White Sands -. LV Model: Black Brant 9 . Black Brant IX NASA 36.175UR NITE Infrared astronomy mission Agency: NASA GSFC. Apogee: 337 km (209 mi).

1998 August 15 - 05:30 GMT - White Sands -. LV Model: Black Brant 9 . Black Brant IX NASA 36.176UH EEV CCD X-ray astronomy mission Agency: NASA GSFC. Apogee: 300 km (180 mi).

1998 September 18 - 15:00 GMT - White Sands LC36. LV Model: Black Brant 9 . Black Brant IX NASA 36.150NP SOAREX-1 Hypersonic test Agency: NASA ARC. Apogee: 100 km (60 mi).

1998 November 2 - 18:20 GMT - White Sands -. LV Model: Black Brant 9 . Black Brant IX NASA 36.171CS SOPHIE (NCAR / CU-7) Solar ultraviolet mission Agency: NASA GSFC. Apogee: 300 km (180 mi).

1998 November 18 - 15:40 GMT - White Sands -. LV Model: Black Brant 9 . Black Brant IX NASA 36.178NM Microgravity mission Agency: NASA GSFC. Apogee: 300 km (180 mi).

1999 January 21 - 06:13 GMT - Andoya -. LV Model: Black Brant 12 . Black Brant XII NASA 40.12IE CAPER Ionosphere mission Agency: NASA. Apogee: 1,360 km (840 mi).

1999 January 22 - 13:57 GMT - Poker Flat -. LV Model: Black Brant 12 . Black Brant XII NASA 40.13DP North Star (APEX) Active plasma mission Agency: NASA. Apogee: 364 km (226 mi).

1999 January 22 - 15:20 GMT - Poker Flat -. LV Model: Black Brant 5B . Black Brant VB NASA 21.121CE Ionosphere mission Agency: NASA. Apogee: 250 km (150 mi).

1999 February 11 - 06:45 GMT - Poker Flat -. LV Model: Black Brant 10 . Black Brant X NASA 35.032UE ENSTROPHY Ionosphere mission Agency: NASA GSFC. Apogee: 1,071 km (665 mi).

1999 February 20 - 04:45 GMT - White Sands -. LV Model: Black Brant 9 . Black Brant IX NASA 36.180UG SPINR 2 Ultraviolet astronomy mission Agency: NASA GSFC. Apogee: 300 km (180 mi).

1999 March 28 - 09:00 GMT - White Sands -. Black Brant 8C NASA 27.141UH XQC F3 X-ray astronomy mission Agency: NASA GSFC. Apogee: 220 km (130 mi).

1999 April 12 - 06:35 GMT - White Sands -. Black Brant 9CM1 NASA 36.172UG WISP 4 Ultraviolet astronomy mission Agency: NASA GSFC. Apogee: 375 km (233 mi).

1999 May 7 - 20:00 GMT - White Sands -. LV Model: Black Brant 9 . Black Brant IX NASA 36.141DS VAULT Demo Solar ultraviolet mission Agency: NASA GSFC. Apogee: 300 km (180 mi).

1999 June 14 - 07:40 GMT - White Sands -. Black Brant 9CM1 NASA 36.136UG JHU FOT 14 Ultraviolet astronomy mission Agency: NASA GSFC. Apogee: 300 km (180 mi).

1999 June 24 - 17:00 GMT - White Sands -. LV Model: Black Brant 9 . Black Brant IX NASA 36.182GS SERTS-99 (09) Solar ultraviolet mission Agency: NASA GSFC. Apogee: 300 km (180 mi).

1999 July 5 - 03:57 GMT - Wallops Island -. LV Model: Black Brant 5C . Black Brant VC NASA 21.116GE Ionosphere mission Agency: NASA. Apogee: 250 km (150 mi).

1999 July 5 - 23:36 GMT - Andoya -. LV Model: Black Brant 5A . Black Brant VA NASA 21.123GE MD-DR-04 DROPPS-1 Aeronomy mission Agency: NASA. Apogee: 117 km (72 mi).

1999 July 14 - 03:28 GMT - Andoya -. LV Model: Black Brant 5A . Black Brant VA NASA 21.124GE MD-DR-13 DROPPS-2 Aeronomy mission Agency: NASA. Apogee: 118 km (73 mi).

1999 July 27 - 22:48 GMT - Kiruna -. LV Model: Black Brant 5B . Black Brant VB NASA 21.122GE ICON Ionosphere mission Agency: NASA. Apogee: 104 km (64 mi).

1999 August 18 - 18:05 GMT - White Sands LC36. Black Brant 9CM1 NASA 36.181US USC-3 (SOHO Cal) Solar extreme ultraviolet mission Agency: NASA GSFC. Apogee: 314 km (195 mi).

1999 August 24 - 07:07 GMT - White Sands -. LV Model: Black Brant 9 . Black Brant IX NASA 36.119UG Ultraviolet astronomy mission Agency: NASA GSFC. Apogee: 300 km (180 mi).

1999 September 27 - 10:00 GMT - White Sands -. LV Model: Black Brant 9 . Black Brant IX NASA 36.168UG Ultraviolet astronomy mission Agency: NASA GSFC. Apogee: 329 km (204 mi).

2000 February 12 - 03:27 GMT - White Sands -. Black Brant 9CM1 NASA 36.186UG JHU FOT 15 Ultraviolet astronomy mission Agency: NASA GSFC. Apogee: 300 km (180 mi).

2000 February 25 - 07:45 GMT - Poker Flat LC3. LV Model: Black Brant 12 . Black Brant XII NASA 40.08UE Auroral mission Agency: NASA. Apogee: 1,170 km (720 mi).

2000 February 26 - 04:59 GMT - White Sands -. LV Model: Black Brant 9 . Black Brant IX NASA 36.162DG FAILURE: Failure. J-PEX Ultraviolet astronomy mission Agency: NASA GSFC. Apogee: 10 km (6 mi).

2000 February 26 - 09:19 GMT - Poker Flat LC4. LV Model: Black Brant 12 . Black Brant XII NASA 40.15IE GEODESIC Ionosphere mission Agency: CSA. Apogee: 990 km (610 mi).

2000 May 6 - 06:34 GMT - White Sands -. LV Model: Black Brant 9 . Black Brant IX NASA 36.183UG FAILURE: Failure. Ultraviolet astronomy mission Agency: NASA GSFC. Apogee: 273 km (169 mi).

2000 July 6 - 14:41 GMT - White Sands -. LV Model: Black Brant 9 . Black Brant IX NASA 36.166UM Microgravity mission Agency: NASA GSFC. Apogee: 300 km (180 mi).

2000 July 17 - 06:17 GMT - Wallops Island -. Black Brant 8C NASA 27.143UE Ionosphere mission Agency: NASA GSFC. Apogee: 340 km (210 mi).

2000 July 26 - 18:06 GMT - White Sands LC36. LV Model: Black Brant 9 . Black Brant IX NASA 36.185GS SERTS-00 (10) Solar ultraviolet mission Agency: NASA GSFC. Apogee: 300 km (180 mi).

2000 August 5 - 05:00 GMT - White Sands -. LV Model: Black Brant 9 . Black Brant IX NASA 36.189UG SPINR Ultraviolet astronomy mission Agency: NASA GSFC. Apogee: 406 km (252 mi).

2000 September 5 - 18:02 GMT - White Sands -. LV Model: Black Brant 9 . Black Brant IX NASA 36.151US Solar x-ray mission Agency: NASA GSFC. Apogee: 300 km (180 mi).

2000 October 26 - 09:57 GMT - White Sands -. LV Model: Black Brant 5C . Black Brant VC NASA 21.126CE TOMEX Plasma mission Agency: NASA. Apogee: 143 km (88 mi).

2001 February 9 - 04:00 GMT - White Sands -. Black Brant 9CM1 NASA 36.198UG JHU FOT 16 Ultraviolet astronomy mission Agency: NASA. Apogee: 300 km (180 mi).

2001 February 12 - 16:28 GMT - White Sands -. LV Model: Black Brant 9 . Black Brant IX NASA 36.187NM Microgravity mission Agency: NASA. Apogee: 300 km (180 mi).

2001 February 22 - 04:55 GMT - White Sands -. LV Model: Black Brant 9 . Black Brant IX NASA 36.195DG J-PEX Ultraviolet astronomy mission Agency: NASA. Apogee: 300 km (180 mi).

2001 June 21 - 17:32 GMT - White Sands LC36. LV Model: Black Brant 9 . Black Brant IX NASA 36.199US TXI Solar x-ray mission Agency: NASA GSFC. Apogee: 272 km (169 mi).

2001 June 29 - 00:44 GMT - Wallops Island -. LV Model: Black Brant 5C . Black Brant VC NASA 21.125GE Plasma mission Agency: NASA. Apogee: 250 km (150 mi).

2001 December 6 - 03:20 GMT - White Sands LC36. LV Model: Black Brant 9 . Black Brant IX NASA 36.188UL WISP 5 comet study Ultraviolet astronomy mission Agency: NASA GSFC. Apogee: 300 km (180 mi).

2002 January 14 - 08:23 GMT - Poker Flat LC4. LV Model: Black Brant 12 . Black Brant XII NASA 40.14UE SIERRA Ionosphere / aurora mission Agency: NASA. Apogee: 735 km (456 mi).

2002 February 6 - 09:38 GMT - Poker Flat -. LV Model: Black Brant 12 . Black Brant XII NASA 40.16UE RACE Ionosphere mission Agency: NASA. Apogee: 922 km (572 mi).

2002 February 8 - 18:41 GMT - White Sands LC36. LV Model: Black Brant 9 . Black Brant IX NASA 36.192UE NCAR / CU-8 Solar extreme ultraviolet mission Agency: NASA GSFC. Apogee: 300 km (180 mi).

2002 February 21 - 09:55 GMT - Poker Flat -. LV Model: Black Brant 5B . Black Brant VB NASA 21.128UE Ionosphere mission Agency: NASA. Apogee: 250 km (150 mi).

2002 April 30 - 18:20 GMT - White Sands LC36. LV Model: Black Brant 9 . Black Brant IX NASA 36.194US MSSTA III Solar extreme ultraviolet mission Agency: NASA GSFC. Apogee: 270 km (160 mi).

2002 June 11 - 07:00 GMT - White Sands LC36. LV Model: Black Brant 9 . Black Brant IX NASA 36.112UG NUVIEWS 2 Ultraviolet astronomy mission Agency: NASA GSFC. Apogee: 300 km (180 mi).

2002 June 14 - 18:10 GMT - White Sands LC36. LV Model: Black Brant 9 . Black Brant IX NASA 36.196DS VAULT 2 (LyA loops) Solar ultraviolet mission Agency: NASA GSFC. Apogee: 273 km (169 mi).

2002 August 6 - 18:30 GMT - White Sands -. LV Model: Black Brant 9 . Black Brant IX NASA 36.202US USC-4 (SOHO SEM) Solar extreme ultraviolet mission Agency: NASA GSFC. Apogee: 300 km (180 mi).

2002 November 18 - 02:32 GMT - White Sands -. LV Model: Black Brant 9 . Black Brant IX NASA 36.197UG ISIS Ultraviolet astronomy mission Agency: NASA GSFC. Apogee: 300 km (180 mi).

2002 December 14 - 11:16 GMT - SvalRak -. Black Brant 10CM1 NASA 35.033GE Plasma mission Agency: NASA GSFC. Apogee: 772 km (479 mi).

2003 January 28 - 07:50 GMT - Poker Flat -. LV Model: Black Brant 9 . Black Brant IX NASA 36.200UE HIBAR Auroral mission Agency: NASA GSFC. Apogee: 350 km (210 mi).

2003 February 6 - 07:30 GMT - White Sands -. LV Model: Black Brant 9 . Black Brant IX NASA 36.204UE NUVIEWS 3 Ultraviolet astronomy mission Agency: NASA GSFC. Apogee: 300 km (180 mi).

2003 March 25 - 09:50 GMT - Poker Flat LC2. Black Brant 10CM1 NASA 35.034UE HEX H Aurora / chemical release mission Agency: NASA GSFC. Apogee: 160 km (90 mi).

2003 March 27 - 12:09 GMT - Poker Flat -. LV Model: Black Brant 9 . Black Brant IX NASA 36.206UE JOULE Aurora / chemical release mission Agency: NASA GSFC. Apogee: 110 km (60 mi).

2003 March 27 - 12:12 GMT - Poker Flat LC1. LV Model: Black Brant 5C . Black Brant VC NASA 21.131UE JOULE Auroral/release mission Agency: NASA. Apogee: 110 km (60 mi).

2003 April 17 - 03:01 GMT - White Sands -. LV Model: Black Brant 9 . Black Brant IX NASA 36.201UL BDPR Ultraviolet astronomy mission Agency: NASA GSFC. Apogee: 300 km (180 mi).

2003 May 30 - 09:35 GMT - Wallops Island -. LV Model: Black Brant 11 . Black Brant XI NASA 39.05DP RED DOG Target mission Agency: NASA/MIT-LL. Apogee: 300 km (180 mi).

2003 June 2 - 09:28 GMT - Wallops Island -. LV Model: Black Brant 11 . Black Brant XI NASA 39.06DP RED DOG Target mission Agency: NASA/MIT-LL. Apogee: 300 km (180 mi).

2003 June 30 - 06:45 GMT - Wallops Island -. Black Brant 8C NASA 27.144UE Intermediate Layers Aeronomy / ionosphere mission Agency: NASA GSFC. Apogee: 220 km (130 mi).

2003 August 12 - 18:23 GMT - White Sands -. LV Model: Black Brant 9 . Black Brant IX NASA 36.205UE LASP / CU-9 (SEE) Plasma mission Agency: NASA GSFC. Apogee: 300 km (180 mi).

2003 December 5 - 19:30 GMT - White Sands -. LV Model: Black Brant 9 . Black Brant IX NASA 36.211US USC-5 (SOHO SEM) Solar extreme ultraviolet mission Agency: NASA GSFC. Apogee: 300 km (180 mi).

2003 December 5 - 20:00 GMT - White Sands -. LV Model: Black Brant 9 . Black Brant IX NASA 36.184DS EIT Cal? Solar extreme ultraviolet mission Agency: NASA GSFC. Apogee: 300 km (180 mi).

2003 December 16 - 03:00 GMT - White Sands -. LV Model: Black Brant 9 . Black Brant IX NASA 36.208UG JHU FOT 17 / LIDOS Ultraviolet astronomy mission Agency: NASA GSFC. Apogee: 300 km (180 mi).

2004 January 16 - 12:29 GMT - White Sands -. LV Model: Black Brant 9 . Black Brant IX NASA 36.210UL BDPR / VULCAM Ultraviolet astronomy mission Agency: NASA GSFC. Apogee: 263 km (163 mi).

2004 January 22 - 08:57 GMT - SvalRak -. Black Brant 10CM1 NASA 35.035UE SERSIO Plasma mission Agency: NASA GSFC. Apogee: 790 km (490 mi).

2004 June 1 - 07:50 GMT - White Sands -. LV Model: Black Brant 9 . Black Brant IX NASA 36.209UG ISIS (Cyg Loop) Ultraviolet astronomy mission Agency: NASA GSFC. Apogee: 300 km (180 mi).

2004 July 16 - Barking Sands -. LV Model: Black Brant 10 . Black Brant X ARAV-ER 3-stage ARAV Agency: USN. Apogee: 200 km (120 mi).

2004 September 3 - 20:55 GMT - Kwajalein -. Black Brant 8C NASA 27.145UE EQUIS II Ionosphere mission Agency: NASA GSFC. Apogee: 340 km (210 mi).

2004 September 7 - 11:45 GMT - Kwajalein -. LV Model: Black Brant 5C . Black Brant VC NASA 21.132GE EQUIS II Ionosphere mission Agency: NASA. Apogee: 250 km (150 mi).

2004 September 17 - 09:02 GMT - Kwajalein -. LV Model: Black Brant 5C . Black Brant VC NASA 21.133GE EQUIS II Ionosphere mission Agency: NASA. Apogee: 250 km (150 mi).

2004 September 17 - 09:02 GMT - Kwajalein -. Black Brant 8C NASA 27.146UE EQUIS II Ionosphere mission Agency: NASA GSFC. Apogee: 340 km (210 mi).

2004 October 15 - 17:28 GMT - White Sands -. LV Model: Black Brant 9 . Black Brant IX NASA 36.217UE LASP / CU-10 (SEE) Solar extreme ultraviolet mission Agency: NASA GSFC. Apogee: 300 km (180 mi).

2005 March 6 - 10:31 GMT - Poker Flat LC4. LV Model: Black Brant 12 . Black Brant XII NASA 40.17UE FAILURE: Black Brant sustainer stage did not ignite. CASCADES auroral research experiment Agency: NASA. Apogee: 29 km (18 mi). Planned apogee 800 km.

2005 July 7 - 16:20 GMT - White Sands -. LV Model: Black Brant 9 . Black Brant IX NASA 36.222DS VAULT 3 Solar ultraviolet mission Agency: NASA GSFC. Apogee: 300 km (180 mi).

2005 August 3 - 18:45 GMT - White Sands -. LV Model: Black Brant 9 . Black Brant IX NASA 36.227US USC-6 (SOHO SEM) Solar extreme ultraviolet mission Agency: NASA GSFC. Apogee: 300 km (180 mi).

2006 February 8 - 18:47 GMT - White Sands -. LV Model: Black Brant 9 . Black Brant IX NASA 36.193 MOSES Solar extreme ultraviolet mission Agency: NASA GSFC. Apogee: 282 km (175 mi).

2006 April 12 - 18:10 GMT - White Sands -. LV Model: Black Brant 9 . Black Brant IX NASA 36.203GS EUNIS Solar extreme ultraviolet mission Agency: NASA GSFC. Apogee: 318 km (197 mi).

2006 August 21 - 14:30 GMT - White Sands -. LV Model: Black Brant 9 . Black Brant IX NASA 36.238DR Target Agency: NASA GSFC. Apogee: 380 km (230 mi).

2006 August 25 - 14:30 GMT - White Sands -. LV Model: Black Brant 9 . Black Brant IX NASA 36.237DR THAAD Target Agency: NASA GSFC. Apogee: 382 km (237 mi).

2006 September 23 - 15:17 GMT - Wallops Island -. LV Model: Black Brant 11 . Black Brant XI NASA 12.064GT Igniter test Agency: NASA. Apogee: 300 km (180 mi).

2006 October 28 - 17:58 GMT - White Sands -. LV Model: Black Brant 9 . Black Brant IX NASA 36.233US LASP / CU-11 (SEE / EVE) Solar extreme ultraviolet mission Agency: NASA GSFC. Apogee: 300 km (180 mi).

2006 November 7 - 19:30 GMT - White Sands -. LV Model: Black Brant 9 . Black Brant IX NASA 36.236US USC-7 (SOHO SEM) Solar extreme ultraviolet mission Agency: NASA GSFC. Apogee: 300 km (180 mi).

2006 November 21 - 04:00 GMT - White Sands -. LV Model: Black Brant 9 . Black Brant IX NASA 36.224UH Cygnus diffuse spec X-ray astronomy mission Agency: NASA GSFC. Apogee: 300 km (180 mi).

2007 January 19 - 12:29 GMT - Poker Flat -. LV Model: Black Brant 9 . Black Brant IX NASA 36.234UE JOULE II Aurora mission Agency: NASA GSFC. Apogee: 200 km (120 mi).

2007 January 19 - 12:45 GMT - Poker Flat -. LV Model: Black Brant 5C . Black Brant VC NASA 21.138UE JOULE II Aurora mission Agency: NASA. Apogee: 200 km (120 mi).

2007 February 12 - 12:45 GMT - Poker Flat -. LV Model: Black Brant 12 . Black Brant XII NASA 40.020UE ROPA Aurora mission Agency: NASA. Apogee: 748 km (464 mi).

2007 February 14 - 09:27 GMT - Poker Flat -. LV Model: Black Brant 10 . Black Brant X NASA 35.037 HEX-II H Aeronomy mission Agency: NASA GSFC. Apogee: 150 km (90 mi).

2007 February 28 - 08:39 GMT - Poker Flat -. LV Model: Black Brant 12 . Black Brant XII NASA 40.019UE CHARM Aurora mission Agency: NASA. Apogee: 900 km (550 mi).

2007 August 13 - 05:45 GMT - White Sands -. LV Model: Black Brant 9 . Black Brant IX NASA 36.220UG JHU FOT 18 / LIDOS 2 Ultraviolet astronomy mission Agency: NASA GSFC. Apogee: 278 km (172 mi).

2007 October 30 - 04:12 GMT - Wallops Island -. LV Model: Black Brant 9 . Black Brant IX NASA 36.218UE MidLat Spread F Plasma mission Agency: NASA GSFC. Apogee: 395 km (245 mi).

2007 November 6 - 18:00 GMT - White Sands -. LV Model: Black Brant 9 . Black Brant IX NASA 36.241GS EUNIS Solar extreme ultraviolet mission Agency: NASA GSFC. Apogee: 300 km (180 mi).

2007 December 10 - 09:00 GMT - Andoya U3. LV Model: Black Brant 12 . Black Brant XII NASA 40.018UE TRICE High Plasma mission Agency: NASA. Apogee: 1,150 km (710 mi).

2007 December 10 - 09:02 GMT - Andoya Athena. LV Model: Black Brant 12 . Black Brant XII NASA 40.022UE TRICE Low Plasma mission Agency: NASA. Apogee: 675 km (419 mi).

Bibliography:

McDowell, Jonathan, Jonathan's Space Home Page (launch records), Harvard University, 1997-present. Web Address when accessed: http://www.planet4589.org/jsr.html.
Emme, Eugene M, Aeronautics and Astronautics: An American Chronology of Science and Technology in the Exploration of Space 1915-1960, NASA, 1961. Web Address when accessed: http://www.hq.nasa.gov/office/pao/History/timeline.html.
Emme, Eugene M, Aeronautical and Astronautical Events of 1961 Report of NASA to the Committee on Science and Astronautics US House of Representatives 87th Cong 2d Sess, NASA, 1962. Web Address when accessed: http://www.hq.nasa.gov/office/pao/History/timeline.html.

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