Europa LV Credit - ESA Media Gallery

Europe's first space launcher. First stage British Blue Streak IRBM, second stage French, third stage German. All orbital launch attempts failed due to unreliability of third stage. Project cancelled after withdrawal of British support and replaced by Ariane.

The first pan-European attempt to develop its own launch vehicle capability was done under the auspices of ELDO - the European Launcher Development Organisation. The already-developed but-cancelled British MRBM, the Blue Streak, would be the first stage. France would develop the second stage, Germany the third stage, Italy the nose fairing, and Holland and Belgium tracking systems. Non-European Australia was allowed to be a member in exchange for use of the Blue Streak launch facilities at Woomera.

The plan was for the Europa launcher to be tested in three phases:

• Phase 1 would consist of three flights of the Blue Streak only. These would test the Blue Streak modifications and some guidance/tracking/telemetry systems. These suborbital tests would be launched northwest to an impact zone near Talgarno in Western Australia. These initial tests were successful.
• Phase 2 would consist of three suborbital flights of the three-stage vehicle. These would begin with only the Blue Streak being active, with the other stages being dummies to test the aerodynamic configuration. Then an active second stage would be added, then an active third stage. These would be launched northerly to an impact area in the Simpson Desert in the Northern Territory.
• Phase 3 involved four northerly launches into orbit. These were to bring the vehicle to operational status by 1970.

In the event, after the three Blue Streak-only tests, the rest of the project was a disaster. While the Blue Streak remained reliable, the second or third stage failed on every subsequent test. A fourth Phase 2 launch was made in order to compensate for the failures. The final attempt, using a four-stage Europa-II configuration, brought the curtain down on the program.

The British government had lost interest in the project, and the unaugmented Blue Streak offered limited possibilities for vehicle growth. With British interest waning, the launch site had already been moved to French Guiana. After some death throes, the British virtually abandoned spaceflight work, and ELDO was folded. The French led a new pan-European project to develop the very successful Ariane commercial launch vehicle.

Manufacturer: ESA. Launches: 11. Failures: 7. Success Rate: 36.36%. First Launch Date: 1964-06-04. Last Launch Date: 1971-11-05. Launch data is: complete. Payload: 200 kg (440 lb). to a: geosynchronous orbital trajectory. Associated Spacecraft: STV, STV 4. Liftoff Thrust: 1,500.000 kN (337,200 lbf). Total Mass: 104,670 kg (230,750 lb). Core Diameter: 3.05 m (10.00 ft). Total Length: 33.00 m (108.00 ft). Flyaway Unit Cost $: 17.000 million. in: 1985 unit dollars.

Four stage version of the Europa vehicle, adding a P068 fourth stage.

LEO Payload: 1,160 kg (2,550 lb). Payload: 360 kg (790 lb). to a: geosynchronous transfer orbit trajectory. Apogee: 40,000 km (24,000 mi). Liftoff Thrust: 1,512.000 kN (339,911 lbf). Total Mass: 111,700 kg (246,200 lb). Core Diameter: 3.05 m (10.00 ft). Total Length: 31.70 m (104.00 ft).

• Stage Number: 1. 1 x Stage: Europa-1. Gross Mass: 89,406 kg (197,106 lb). Empty Mass: 6,997 kg (15,425 lb). Thrust (vac): 1,672.671 kN (376,031 lbf). Isp: 282 sec. Burn time: 156 sec. Isp(sl): 248 sec. Diameter: 3.05 m (10.00 ft). Span: 3.80 m (12.40 ft). Length: 18.75 m (61.51 ft). Propellants: Lox/Kerosene. No Engines: 2. Engine: RZ.2. Other designations: Blue Streak, ELDO-1.

• Stage Number: 2. 1 x Stage: Europa-2. Gross Mass: 11,894 kg (26,221 lb). Empty Mass: 2,099 kg (4,627 lb). Thrust (vac): 274.000 kN (61,597 lbf). Isp: 277 sec. Burn time: 96 sec. Isp(sl): 240 sec. Diameter: 2.00 m (6.50 ft). Span: 2.00 m (6.50 ft). Length: 5.70 m (18.70 ft). Propellants: N2O4/UDMH. No Engines: 4. Engine: Vexin A. Other designations: Coralie.

• Stage Number: 3. 1 x Stage: Europa-3. Gross Mass: 3,370 kg (7,420 lb). Empty Mass: 610 kg (1,340 lb). Thrust (vac): 23.330 kN (5,245 lbf). Isp: 310 sec. Burn time: 330 sec. Isp(sl): 260 sec. Diameter: 2.00 m (6.50 ft). Span: 2.00 m (6.50 ft). Length: 3.36 m (11.02 ft). Propellants: N2O4/Aerozine-50. No Engines: 1. Engine: Astris. Other designations: Astris.

1961 January 30 - Launch Vehicle: Europa.

• Europa conference. Nation: Europe. Conference of 12 European nations held at Strasbourg to discuss a British and French proposal for a European satellite launcher development program. References: 18.

• Woomera selected for Europa launches. Nation: Europe. Nine-nation Western European Conference in London announced decision to launch a satellite in mid-1965, using a British Blue Streak first stage, a French Veronique second stage, and a West German third stage, from the Woomera range in Australia. References: 18.

• Blue Streak only. Successful. Nation: Europe. Agency: ELDO. Apogee: 157 km (97 mi). References: 5, 814.

• Blue Streak only. Successful. Nation: Europe. Agency: ELDO. Apogee: 243 km (150 mi). References: 5, 1796.

• Blue Streak only. Successful. Nation: Europe. Agency: ELDO. Apogee: 263 km (163 mi). References: 5, 1796.

• Active first stage with dummy upper stages and satellite. and satellite. Flight terminated after 136 seconds. Nation: Europe. Agency: ELDO. Apogee: 86 km (53 mi). References: 756.

• Active first stage with dummy upper stages and satellite. Flight successful. Nation: Europe. Agency: ELDO. Apogee: 120 km (70 mi). References: 5, 1796.

• Active first and second stages with dummy third stage and satellite. Nation: Europe. Agency: ELDO. Apogee: 180 km (110 mi). References: 5, 126, 901.

• Active first and second stages with dummy third stage and satellite. Nation: Europe. Agency: ELDO. Apogee: 200 km (120 mi). References: 5, 126, 815.

• STV 1 / Europa F-7 Nation: Europe. Mass: 249 kg (548 lb). Class: Technology. Spacecraft: STV. Agency: ELDO. Apogee: 230 km (140 mi). COSPAR: F681129A. Decay Date: 1968-11-30. First attempt by ELDO to launch a satellite to orbit. Satellite Test Vehicle payload. References: 5, 126.

• Europa F-8 / STV 2 Nation: Europe. Payload: STV 2. Class: Technology. Spacecraft: STV. Agency: ELDO. Apogee: 300 km (180 mi). COSPAR: F690702A. References: 279.

• Europa F-9 / STV 3 Nation: Europe. Class: Technology. Spacecraft: STV. Agency: ELDO. Apogee: 2,000 km (1,200 mi). COSPAR: F700612A. Decay Date: 1970-06-12. References: 5, 126.

• Europa F-11 / STV 4 Nation: Europe. Class: Technology. Spacecraft: STV 4. Agency: ELDO. Apogee: 27 km (16 mi). COSPAR: F711105A. Decay Date: 1971-11-05. References: 5, 126.

• McDowell, Jonathan, Jonathan's Space Home Page, Harvard University, 1997-present. Jonathan McDowell's complete on-line listing of all objects orbited and over 20,000 rocket launches Accessed at: http://www.planet4589.org/jsr.html.

• Gatland, Kenneth, Missiles and Rockets, Macmillan, New York, 1975. ISBN: 0713735058. Covers rocketry of all nations. More at amazon.com...