| Exos | ||||||||||||||||
3 stage vehicle consisting of 1 x M-6 + 1 x Nike + 1 x Recruit Historical Essay © Andreas Parsch University of Michigan RM-86/PWN-4 Exos The Exos sounding rocket was developed by the University of Michigan with the assistance of NACA under a contract from the Air Force Cambridge Research Center (AFCRC). It was a three-stage rocket combining an M6 Honest John (see M31/MGR-1A) first stage, an M5 Nike Ajax (see SAM-A-7/MIM-3) second stage and a Thiokol XM19 Recruit as third stage. The three fins of the Nike booster had to be replaced by four new clipped-delta fins. The Exos is very similar, but not identical to the Aerolab Co. Argo C-1, which used the same combination of rockets, but a slightly different aerodynamic design. The first flight test of an all-up Exos rocket occurred in June 1958. After zero-launch from a specially built rail launcher, the first stage burned for about 4.4 seconds, after which it was separated from the vehicle by aerodynamic drag. After 25 seconds of coasting, the second stage fired for about 3 seconds, followed by separation and almost immediate firing of the third stage for further 1.6 seconds. The third stage and payload nose cone then continued to coast to an apogee of about 480 km (300 miles) (for a 23 kg (50 lb) payload). In April 1959, the USAF allocated the formal research missile designation XRM-86 to the Exos at the request of the AFCRC, and in June 1963 this designation was changed to PWN-4A. At least eight research flights of XRM-86/PWN-4A vehicles were launched from Eglin AFB between February 1960 and November 1965, mostly with ionosphere research experiments as payload. SpecificationsNote: Data given by several sources show slight variations. Figures given below may therefore be inaccurate! Data for PWN-4A:
[1] Frederick I. Ordway III, Ronald C. Wakeford: "International Missile and Spacecraft Guide", McGraw-Hill, 1960 Manufacturer: Michigan. Launches: 10. First Launch Date: 1958-06-26. Last Launch Date: 1965-11-02. Launch data is: complete. Apogee: 600 km (370 mi). Liftoff Thrust: 365.000 kN (82,055 lbf). Total Mass: 2,600 kg (5,700 lb). Core Diameter: 0.58 m (1.90 ft). Total Length: 12.90 m (42.30 ft). Exos Chronology 1958 June 26 - Launch Site: Wallops Island. Launch Vehicle: Exos.
Bibliography and Further Reading
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