Scud B 8K14 Credit - © Mark Wade

The final refinement of the R-11 design, the R-17, was exported and became infamous around the world as the Scud. Perhaps the most famous ballistic missile of the post-war period due to its use in the Iran-Iraq 'War of the Cities' and the Gulf War. This was the definitive production version of what was essentially a storable-propellant rocket with the perforamnce of the V-2. The original design was by Makeyev but the missile itself was produced by the Votkinsk Machine Building Plant.

In 1958-1959 Makeyev designed and built the first mock-up of the new missile. But by then the decision was made to devote the bureau to sea-launched missiles, and in 1959 the program was transferred to Votkinsk Machine Building Plant. There design work continued with first launch in 1961 and acceptance into military service in 1964. Later built under license in Iraq and North Korea. Terminally-guide re-entry vehicle.

Manufacturer: Makeyev/Machine Production Scientific Production Assn. (OKB-52). Location: Reutov, Russian Federation. Launches: 8. First Launch Date: 1961-01-01. Last Launch Date: 2004-07-29. Launch data is: incomplete. Liftoff Thrust: 81.300 kN (18,277 lbf). Total Mass: 6,350 kg (13,990 lb). Core Diameter: 0.85 m (2.80 ft). Total Length: 13.00 m (42.00 ft). Span: 1.80 m (5.90 ft). Maximum range: 300 km (180 mi). Boost Propulsion: Storable liquid rocket. Guidance: Inertial + Optical correlation.

• Stage Number: 1. 1 x Stage: R-17. Gross Mass: 5,385 kg (11,871 lb). Empty Mass: 1,645 kg (3,626 lb). Thrust (vac): 93.100 kN (20,930 lbf). Isp: 251 sec. Burn time: 95 sec. Isp(sl): 219 sec. Diameter: 0.96 m (3.14 ft). Span: 1.77 m (5.80 ft). Length: 7.43 m (24.37 ft). Propellants: Nitric acid/Kerosene. No Engines: 1. Engine: Isayev R-17. Other designations: 8K14, SS-1C Scud B, 9K72 Elbrus. Status: Out of production. Developed from Russian storable fuel tactical missile. Original R-11 designed by Korolev OKB, subsequent developments by Makeyev OKB. Using calculations of Gerald Bull, stretched and clustered as basis of Iraqi ICBM/satellite launch vehicle.

1958 During the Year - Launch Vehicle: R-17.

• Development of the R-17 begins Nation: USSR. In 1958-1959 Makeyev designed and built the first mock-up of a new design missile to rectify the shortcomings of the R-11. The R-17 would later become infamous around the world as the 'Scud-B'. The decision was made to devote the Makeyev bureau to sea-launched missiles, and in 1959 the program was transferred to Votkinsk Machine Building Plant.

• R-17 (Scud B) first launch Nation: USSR. The program was conducted by the Votkinsk Machine Building Plant. There design work continued with first launch in 1961 and acceptance into military service in 1964.

• R-17 (Scud B) accepted for military service Nation: USSR.

• Willow Dune Target mission Nation: USA. Agency: USA. Apogee: 200 km (120 mi). Launched from Bigen Island, Aur Atoll, Marshall Islands - Latitude: 8.25 N - Longitude: 171.08 E. References: 1876.

• Willow Dune Target mission Nation: USA. Agency: USA. Apogee: 200 km (120 mi). Launched from Bigen Island, Aur Atoll, Marshall Islands - Latitude: 8.25 N - Longitude: 171.08 E. References: 1876.

• Test mission Nation: Syria. Agency: Syria. Apogee: 150 km (90 mi). References: 963.

• Test mission Nation: Syria. Agency: Syria. Apogee: 150 km (90 mi). References: 963.

• GMDS target mission Nation: USA. Agency: MDA. Apogee: 46 km (28 mi). References: 1943.

• GMDS target mission Nation: USA. Agency: MDA. Apogee: 84 km (52 mi). References: 1812.

• Arrow Target mission Nation: USA. Agency: MDA. Apogee: 80 km (49 mi). References: 1823.

• McDowell, Jonathan, Jonathan's Space Home Page, Harvard University, 1997-present. Jonathan McDowell's complete on-line listing of all objects orbited and over 20,000 rocket launches Accessed at: http://www.planet4589.org/jsr.html.

• Semenov, Yu. P., S P Korolev Space Corporation Energia, RKK Energia, 1994. ISBN: 1896522815. Dual English/Russian language picture book of the history of the Energia Corporation. Many unique photos and drawings of Korolev's rockets and spacecraft. Republished by Apogee books in 2000. More at amazon.com...