Rockoon

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Model: Rockoon.
Rockoon
Credit - NASA
Sounding rocket. Family: Air-Launched. Other Family: Retired. Country: USA. Status: Retired 1992.

The Rockoon (balloon-launched rocket) consisted of a small high-performance sounding rocket launched from a balloon above most of the atmosphere. The Rockoon low-cost technique was conceived during an Aerobee firing cruse of the Norton Sound in March 1949. Rockoons were first launched from icebreaker Eastwind off Greenland by an ONR group under James A. Van Allen. They were later used by ONR and University of Iowa research groups in 1953-55 and 1957, from ships in sea between Boston and Thule, Greenland. A variety of upper stage rocket stages were used.

From NASA SOUNDING ROCKETS, 1958-1968 - A Historical Summary, NASA SP-4401, 1971, by William R. Corliss

Rockoons have been mentioned several times in the preceding pages, particularly in connection with the Deacon rocket. The Deacons were used on most rockoons, but a rockoon is actually the combination of any balloon with any rocket. The rockoon concept seems to have been originated by Lt. M. L. (Lee) Lewis during a conversation with S. F. Singer and George Halvorson during the Aerobee firing cruise of the U.S.S. Norton Sound in March 1949. The basic idea is to lift a small sounding rocket high above the dense atmosphere with a large balloon in the Skyhook class. Once enough altitude is attained, the rocket is fired by radio signal straight up through the balloon. The rocket will reach much higher altitudes than it could from the ground. The rockoon has turned out to be a simple, cheap way of getting high-altitude data without special facilities. Many rockoons employing Deacon, Loki, and Hawk rockets were fired between 1952 and 1960. Once satellites and high-altitude sounding rockets became available in adequate numbers, the use of rockoons declined.
James A. Van Allen first put rockoons to practical use when he and his group from the University of Iowa fired several from the Coast Guard Cutter East Wind during its cruise off Greenland in August and September 1952. 41 Van Allen was looking for high-altitude radiation near the magnetic poles and needed a vehicle that could reach well over 80 km (50 mi) with an 11-kg (25-lb) payload and yet still be launched easily from a small ship. The rockoon was the answer. With his rockoons, Van Allen detected considerable soft radiation at high altitudes - much more than scientists expected. This was one of the first hints that radiation might be trapped by the Earth's magnetic field. One drawback to the rockoon was that it had to be fired before high-altitude winds carried it out of radio range.

Manufacturer: SUI. Launches: 149. Failures: 36. Success Rate: 75.84%. First Launch Date: 1952-08-21. Last Launch Date: 1992-02-14. Launch data is: incomplete.

Model: Deacon Rockoon.

The Rockoon concept involved release of a 12 m diameter balloon from a ship, which took a Deacon sounding rocket to 9 to 27 km altitude in 80 minutes. The rocket was ignited at a preset time or altitude or by remote control, and then boosted an 18 kg payload to a 50 to 100 km altitude. The Deacon was painted black and wrapped in plastic to protect it against the cold, and fitted with larger fins for stability at high altitude.

In 1950 James Van Allen was seeking solutions for the economical study of the upper atmosphere, sun, and cosmic rays at high altitudes. Sounding rockets launched from sea level required heavy and expensive booster stages to get the upper stage and payload through the high drag ascent through the lower atmosphere. He conceived the idea of taking a small rocket above most of the earth's atmosphere by balloon, before igniting the single stage that would take it to space. He selected the Deacon rocket as suitable.

The rocket would rip through the light balloon after ignition. Van Allen estimated that ten Rockoons could be flown for the cost of one surface-launched sounding rocket of equivalent capability. The only problem was that no rocket range could accommodate the wide range of possible impact points that could result as the balloon drifted away from the launch point. So Rockoon could only be launched from ships at sea in remote areas, away from shipping lanes.

Launches: 77. Failures: 24. Success Rate: 68.83%. First Launch Date: 1952-08-21. Last Launch Date: 1956-07-27. Payload: 17 kg (37 lb). Apogee: 100 km (60 mi). Liftoff Thrust: 28.350 kN (6,373 lbf). Total Mass: 93 kg (205 lb). Core Diameter: 0.16 m (0.52 ft). Total Length: 3.70 m (12.10 ft). Span: 0.99 m (3.24 ft).

Stage0: 1 x Deacon Rockoon-0.

Stage1: 1 x Double HPAG Deacon-2. Gross Mass: 100 kg (220 lb). Empty Mass: 24 kg (52 lb). Motor: 1 x X-220. Thrust (vac): 26.000 kN (5,845 lbf). Burn time: 3.00 sec. Length: 2.80 m (9.10 ft). Diameter: 0.17 m (0.55 ft). Propellants: Solid.

Model: Deacon-Loki Rockoon.

Two stage version of Rockoon balloon-launched soundinr coekt consisting of a Deacon first stage and Loki second stage.

Launches: 2. Failures: 2. First Launch Date: 1955-09-28. Last Launch Date: 1955-09-29. Apogee: 100 km (60 mi). Liftoff Thrust: 28.350 kN (6,373 lbf). Total Mass: 115 kg (253 lb). Core Diameter: 0.16 m (0.52 ft). Total Length: 5.20 m (17.00 ft).

Stage0: 1 x Deacon Rockoon-0.

Stage1: 1 x Double HPAG Deacon-2. Gross Mass: 100 kg (220 lb). Empty Mass: 24 kg (52 lb). Motor: 1 x X-220. Thrust (vac): 26.000 kN (5,845 lbf). Burn time: 3.00 sec. Length: 2.80 m (9.10 ft). Diameter: 0.17 m (0.55 ft). Propellants: Solid.

Stage2: 1 x Asp III-0. Empty Mass: 3.00 kg (6.60 lb). Motor: 1 x Loki. Thrust (vac): 15.000 kN (3,372 lbf). Burn time: 0.80 sec. Length: 1.70 m (5.50 ft). Diameter: 0.0800 m (0.2620 ft). Propellants: Solid.

Model: Loki Rockoon.

Balloon-launched Loki with larger fins for stability at high altitudes. The basic Loki was used in this manner on 23 September 1955, measuring cosmic rays.

Launches: 63. Failures: 7. Success Rate: 88.89%. First Launch Date: 1955-09-23. Last Launch Date: 1957-11-08. Apogee: 100 km (60 mi). Liftoff Thrust: 10.000 kN (2,248 lbf). Total Mass: 13 kg (28 lb). Core Diameter: 0.0760 m (0.2490 ft). Total Length: 2.43 m (7.97 ft). Span: 0.28 m (0.91 ft).

Stage0: 1 x Deacon Rockoon-0.

Stage1: 1 x Asp III-0. Empty Mass: 3.00 kg (6.60 lb). Motor: 1 x Loki. Thrust (vac): 15.000 kN (3,372 lbf). Burn time: 0.80 sec. Length: 1.70 m (5.50 ft). Diameter: 0.0800 m (0.2620 ft). Propellants: Solid.

Model: Farside.

Project Farside was an attempt to reach extreme altitudes with the rockoon concept. Using a four-stage solid-propellant rocket hung below a 106 188-m3 (3 750 000-ft3) balloon, altitudes approaching 6437 km (4000 mi) were reached during the fall of 1957. Farside was a four stage vehicle consisting of 4 x Recruit + 1 x Recruit + 4 x Arrow II + 1 x Arrow II.

Farside was an Air Force Office of Scientific Research project, using various instruments provided by the University of Maryland. Six rockets were built by Aeronutronic Systems, Inc. Bad telemetry precluded the discovery of the Van Allen belts during the Farside shots near Eniwetok.

Launches: 6. Failures: 3. First Launch Date: 1957-09-25. Last Launch Date: 1957-10-22. Apogee: 4,500 km (2,700 mi). Liftoff Thrust: 667.000 kN (149,947 lbf). Total Mass: 900 kg (1,980 lb). Core Diameter: 0.46 m (1.50 ft). Total Length: 7.30 m (23.90 ft).

Stage1: 4 x Journeyman-0. Gross Mass: 200 kg (440 lb). Motor: 1 x 1.5KS35000. Thrust (vac): 156.000 kN (35,070 lbf). Burn time: 1.50 sec. Length: 2.60 m (8.50 ft). Diameter: 0.23 m (0.75 ft). Propellants: Solid.

Stage2: 1 x Journeyman-0. Gross Mass: 200 kg (440 lb). Motor: 1 x 1.5KS35000. Thrust (vac): 156.000 kN (35,070 lbf). Burn time: 1.50 sec. Length: 2.60 m (8.50 ft). Diameter: 0.23 m (0.75 ft). Propellants: Solid.

Stage3: 4 x Deacon Arrow II-2. Gross Mass: 100 kg (220 lb). Motor: 1 x Arrow. Thrust (vac): 10.000 kN (2,248 lbf). Burn time: 2.00 sec. Length: 1.50 m (4.90 ft). Diameter: 0.17 m (0.55 ft). Propellants: Solid.

Stage4: 1 x Deacon Arrow II-2. Gross Mass: 100 kg (220 lb). Motor: 1 x Arrow. Thrust (vac): 10.000 kN (2,248 lbf). Burn time: 2.00 sec. Length: 1.50 m (4.90 ft). Diameter: 0.17 m (0.55 ft). Propellants: Solid.

Model: Hawk Rockoon. Family: Air-Launched. Alternate Designation: Hawk Rockoon.

Balloon-launched Loki with larger fins for stability at high altitudes. The larger Loki II motor was used from 5 August 1957 as part of the IGY. This variant could reach 122 km and was called the 'Hawk Rockoon'.

Payload: 3.00 kg (6.60 lb). Apogee: 122 km (75 mi). Liftoff Thrust: 10.000 kN (2,248 lbf). Total Mass: 16 kg (35 lb). Core Diameter: 0.0760 m (0.2490 ft). Total Length: 2.53 m (8.30 ft). Span: 0.33 m (1.08 ft).

Model: HIMES Rockoon.

Manufacturer: Nissan. Launches: 1. First Launch Date: 1992-02-14. Last Launch Date: 1992-02-14. Apogee: 70 km (43 mi). Liftoff Thrust: 0 N ( lbf). Total Mass: 500 kg (1,100 lb). Core Diameter: 0.70 m (2.29 ft). Total Length: 3.50 m (11.40 ft).

Stage0: 1 x Deacon Rockoon-0.

Stage1: 1 x HIMES Rockoon-1. Gross Mass: 300 kg (660 lb). Empty Mass: 50 kg (110 lb). Motor: 1 x KM-D. Length: 1.30 m (4.20 ft). Diameter: 0.70 m (2.29 ft). Propellants: Solid.

Rockoon Chronology

1949 March 1 - Rockoon concept. Concept of launching of small high-performance rockets suspended from a balloon above most of the atmosphere (later called "Rockoons"), developed by Cmdr. Lee Lewis, Cmdr. G. Halvorson, S. F. Singer, and J. A. Van Allen during Aerobee firing cruise of U.S.S. Norton Sound.

1952 July 29 - First Rockoon launch attempt. First Rockoon (balloon-launched rocket) launched from icebreaker Eastwind off Greenland by ONR group under James A. Van Allen. Rockoon low-cost technique was later used by ONR and University of Iowa research groups in 1953-55 and 1957, from ships in sea between Boston and Thule, Greenland.

1952 August 21 - 06:25 GMT - Arctic Ocean -. FAILURE: Failure. SUI 1 test Agency: SUI. Apogee: 11 km (6 mi). Launched at Arctic Ocean Launch Site 1 Launch Point 1 - - Latitude: 80.10 N - Longitude: 68.47 W.

1952 August 24 - 03:34 GMT - Arctic Ocean -. FAILURE: Failure. SUI 2 test Agency: SUI. Apogee: 11 km (6 mi). Launched at Arctic Ocean Launch Site 1 Launch Point 2 - - Latitude: 77.52 N - Longitude: 73.50 W.

1952 August 29 - 00:26 GMT - Arctic Ocean -. SUI 3 test Agency: SUI. Apogee: 61 km (37 mi). Launched at Arctic Ocean Launch Site 1 Launch Point 3 - - Latitude: 77.55 N - Longitude: 73.50 W.

1952 August 29 - 07:36 GMT - Arctic Ocean -. SUI 4 Chemical release mission Agency: SUI. Apogee: 60 km (37 mi). Launched at Arctic Ocean Launch Site 1 Launch Point 4 - - Latitude: 77.53 N - Longitude: 73.50 W.

1952 August 29 - 18:15 GMT - Arctic Ocean -. SUI 5 Chemical release mission Agency: SUI. Apogee: 90 km (55 mi). Launched at Arctic Ocean Launch Site 1 Launch Point 5 - - Latitude: 77.35 N - Longitude: 73.48 W.

1952 August 31 - 21:10 GMT - Arctic Ocean -. SUI 6 Chemical release mission Agency: SUI. Apogee: 60 km (37 mi). Launched at Arctic Ocean Launch Site 1 Launch Point 6 - - Latitude: 77.33 N - Longitude: 72.83 W.

1952 September 4 - 09:17 GMT - Arctic Ocean -. SUI 7 Chemical release mission Agency: SUI. Apogee: 60 km (37 mi). Launched at Arctic Ocean Launch Site 1 Launch Point 7 - - Latitude: 77.18 N - Longitude: 70.22 W.

1952 December 15 - Navy launches from balloons The US Navy revealed that it had launched rockets from balloons in the geomagnetic North Pole area for cosmic ray research.

1953 July 18 - 22:27 GMT - Atlantic Ocean -. FAILURE: Failure. SUI 8 Chemical release mission Agency: SUI. Apogee: 11 km (6 mi). Launched at Atlantic Ocean Launch Site 11 Launch Point 1 - - Latitude: 42.43 N - Longitude: 70.37 W.

1953 July 19 - 10:30 GMT - Atlantic Ocean -. FAILURE: Failure. SUI 9 Chemical release mission Agency: SUI. Apogee: 11 km (6 mi). Launched at Atlantic Ocean Launch Site 11 Launch Point 2 - - Latitude: 43.07 N - Longitude: 65.12 W.

1953 July 19 - 15:53 GMT - Atlantic Ocean -. FAILURE: Failure. SUI 10 Chemical release mission Agency: SUI. Apogee: 11 km (6 mi). Launched at Atlantic Ocean Launch Site 11 Launch Point 3 - - Latitude: 43.68 N - Longitude: 63.47 W.

1953 July 19 - 21:57 GMT - Atlantic Ocean -. FAILURE: Failure. SUI 11 Chemical release mission Agency: SUI. Apogee: 11 km (6 mi). Launched at Atlantic Ocean Launch Site 11 Launch Point 4 - - Latitude: 44.27 N - Longitude: 62.17 W.

1953 July 24 - 16:40 GMT - Atlantic Ocean -. FAILURE: Failure. SUI 12 Chemical release mission Agency: SUI. Apogee: 11 km (6 mi). Launched at Atlantic Ocean Launch Site 11 Launch Point 5 - - Latitude: 58.53 N - Longitude: 61.92 W.

1953 July 28 - 09:41 GMT - Atlantic Ocean -. SUI 13 Chemical release mission Agency: SUI. Apogee: 90 km (55 mi). Launched at Atlantic Ocean Launch Site 11 Launch Point 6 - - Latitude: 62.50 N - Longitude: 64.23 W.

1953 August 3 - 18:28 GMT - Atlantic Ocean -. SUI 14 Chemical release mission Agency: SUI. Apogee: 11 km (6 mi). Launched at Atlantic Ocean Launch Site 11 Launch Point 7 - - Latitude: 62.75 N - Longitude: 66.25 W.

1953 August 5 - 21:54 GMT - Atlantic Ocean -. NRL Rockoon 1 Aeronomy mission Agency: NRL. Apogee: 80 km (49 mi). Launched at Atlantic Ocean Launch Site 11 Launch Point 21 - - Latitude: 62.07 N - Longitude: 63.92 W.

1953 August 6 - 15:07 GMT - Atlantic Ocean -. FAILURE: Failure. SUI 15 Chemical release mission Agency: SUI. Apogee: 11 km (6 mi). Launched at Atlantic Ocean Launch Site 11 Launch Point 8 - - Latitude: 64.33 N - Longitude: 59.10 W.

1953 August 6 - 18:40 GMT - Atlantic Ocean -. SUI 16 Chemical release mission Agency: SUI. Apogee: 96 km (59 mi). Launched at Atlantic Ocean Launch Site 11 Launch Point 9 - - Latitude: 65.22 N - Longitude: 58.58 W.

1953 August 8 - 15:09 GMT - Atlantic Ocean -. NRL Rockoon 2 Aeronomy mission Agency: NRL. Apogee: 80 km (49 mi). Launched at Atlantic Ocean Launch Site 11 Launch Point 22 - - Latitude: 73.62 N - Longitude: 63.92 W.

1953 August 9 - 05:54 GMT - Atlantic Ocean -. SUI 17 Chemical release mission Agency: SUI. Apogee: 100 km (60 mi). Launched at Atlantic Ocean Launch Site 11 Launch Point 10 - - Latitude: 74.38 N - Longitude: 71.93 W.

1953 August 9 - 19:15 GMT - Atlantic Ocean -. FAILURE: Failure. NRL Rockoon 3 Aeronomy mission Agency: NRL. Apogee: 38 km (23 mi). Launched at Atlantic Ocean Launch Site 11 Launch Point 23 - - Latitude: 74.48 N - Longitude: 63.92 W.

1953 August 11 - 17:09 GMT - Atlantic Ocean -. NRL Rockoon 4 Aeronomy mission Agency: NRL. Apogee: 80 km (49 mi). Launched at Atlantic Ocean Launch Site 11 Launch Point 24 - - Latitude: 74.57 N - Longitude: 63.92 W.

1953 August 30 - 14:00 GMT - Atlantic Ocean -. FAILURE: Failure. SUI 18 Chemical release mission Agency: SUI. Apogee: 11 km (6 mi). Launched at Atlantic Ocean Launch Site 11 Launch Point 11 - - Latitude: 53.10 N - Longitude: 55.08 W.

1953 August 30 - 16:20 GMT - Atlantic Ocean -. FAILURE: Failure. SUI 19 Chemical release mission Agency: SUI. Apogee: 11 km (6 mi). Launched at Atlantic Ocean Launch Site 11 Launch Point 12 - - Latitude: 52.78 N - Longitude: 55.40 W.

1953 August 30 - 20:46 GMT - Atlantic Ocean -. SUI 20 Chemical release mission Agency: SUI. Apogee: 100 km (60 mi). Launched at Atlantic Ocean Launch Site 11 Launch Point 13 - - Latitude: 53.13 N - Longitude: 54.75 W.

1953 September 3 - 09:50 GMT - Atlantic Ocean -. SUI 21 Chemical release mission Agency: SUI. Apogee: 90 km (55 mi). Launched at Atlantic Ocean Launch Site 11 Launch Point 14 - - Latitude: 44.83 N - Longitude: 57.22 W.

1953 September 3 - 11:51 GMT - Atlantic Ocean -. SUI 22 Chemical release mission Agency: SUI. Apogee: 100 km (60 mi). Launched at Atlantic Ocean Launch Site 11 Launch Point 15 - - Latitude: 44.75 N - Longitude: 57.17 W.

1953 September 3 - 14:05 GMT - Atlantic Ocean -. SUI 23 Chemical release mission Agency: SUI. Apogee: 100 km (60 mi). Launched at Atlantic Ocean Launch Site 11 Launch Point 16 - - Latitude: 44.55 N - Longitude: 57.05 W.

1953 September 4 - 03:59 GMT - Atlantic Ocean -. NRL Rockoon 5 Aeronomy mission Agency: NRL. Apogee: 70 km (43 mi). Launched at Atlantic Ocean Launch Site 11 Launch Point 25 - - Latitude: 43.17 N - Longitude: 63.92 W.

1953 September 4 - 15:51 GMT - Atlantic Ocean -. NRL Rockoon 6 Aeronomy mission Agency: NRL. Apogee: 70 km (43 mi). Launched at Atlantic Ocean Launch Site 11 Launch Point 26 - - Latitude: 43.00 N - Longitude: 63.92 W.

1954 July 16 - 12:13 GMT - Atlantic Ocean -. FAILURE: Failure. SUI 24 Ionosphere / aeronomy mission Agency: SUI. Apogee: 90 km (55 mi). Launched at Atlantic Ocean Launch Site 12 Launch Point 1 - - Latitude: 42.10 N - Longitude: 66.70 W.

1954 July 16 - 21:58 GMT - Atlantic Ocean -. FAILURE: Failure. SUI 25 Ionosphere / aeronomy mission Agency: SUI. Apogee: 11 km (6 mi). Launched at Atlantic Ocean Launch Site 12 Launch Point 1 - - Latitude: 42.10 N - Longitude: 66.70 W.

1954 July 19 - 16:00 GMT - Atlantic Ocean -. NRL Rockoon 7 Aeronomy mission Agency: NRL. Apogee: 88 km (54 mi). Launched at Atlantic Ocean Launch Site 12 Launch Point 14 - - Latitude: 54.00 N - Longitude: 53.50 W.

1954 July 19 - 20:30 GMT - Atlantic Ocean -. SUI 26 Aeronomy mission Agency: SUI. Apogee: 43 km (26 mi). Launched at Atlantic Ocean Launch Site 12 Launch Point 2 - - Latitude: 54.63 N - Longitude: 53.50 W.

1954 July 20 - 02:55 GMT - Atlantic Ocean -. NRL Rockoon 8 Ionosphere / aeronomy mission Agency: NRL. Apogee: 90 km (55 mi). Launched at Atlantic Ocean Launch Site 12 Launch Point 15 - - Latitude: 55.22 N - Longitude: 53.38 W.

1954 July 21 - 09:03 GMT - Atlantic Ocean -. SUI 27 Ionosphere / aeronomy mission Agency: SUI. Apogee: 60 km (37 mi). Launched at Atlantic Ocean Launch Site 12 Launch Point 3 - - Latitude: 59.38 N - Longitude: 54.22 W.

1954 July 21 - 12:45 GMT - Atlantic Ocean -. SUI 28 Ionosphere / aeronomy mission Agency: SUI. Apogee: 90 km (55 mi). Launched at Atlantic Ocean Launch Site 12 Launch Point 4 - - Latitude: 59.60 N - Longitude: 54.45 W.

1954 July 21 - 20:49 GMT - Atlantic Ocean -. FAILURE: Failure. SUI 29 Ionosphere / aeronomy mission Agency: SUI. Apogee: 40 km (24 mi). Launched at Atlantic Ocean Launch Site 12 Launch Point 5 - - Latitude: 59.55 N - Longitude: 52.47 W.

1954 July 23 - 14:46 GMT - Atlantic Ocean -. SUI 30 Ionosphere / aeronomy mission Agency: SUI. Apogee: 90 km (55 mi). Launched at Atlantic Ocean Launch Site 12 Launch Point 6 - - Latitude: 59.53 N - Longitude: 53.62 W.

1954 July 23 - 17:09 GMT - Atlantic Ocean -. NRL Rockoon 9 Ionosphere / aeronomy mission Agency: NRL. Apogee: 90 km (55 mi). Launched at Atlantic Ocean Launch Site 12 Launch Point 16 - - Latitude: 59.55 N - Longitude: 53.02 W.

1954 July 23 - 17:54 GMT - Atlantic Ocean -. SUI 31 Ionosphere / aeronomy mission Agency: SUI. Apogee: 90 km (55 mi). Launched at Atlantic Ocean Launch Site 12 Launch Point 8 - - Latitude: 59.60 N - Longitude: 52.75 W.

1954 July 23 - 19:37 GMT - Atlantic Ocean -. FAILURE: Failure. SUI 32 Ionosphere / aeronomy mission Agency: SUI. Apogee: 23 km (14 mi). Launched at Atlantic Ocean Launch Site 12 Launch Point 7 - - Latitude: 59.63 N - Longitude: 52.35 W.

1954 July 24 - 08:57 GMT - Atlantic Ocean -. SUI 33 Ionosphere / aeronomy mission Agency: SUI. Apogee: 90 km (55 mi). Launched at Atlantic Ocean Launch Site 12 Launch Point 9 - - Latitude: 59.07 N - Longitude: 54.20 W.

1954 July 24 - 13:16 GMT - Atlantic Ocean -. SUI 34 Ionosphere / aeronomy mission Agency: SUI. Apogee: 90 km (55 mi). Launched at Atlantic Ocean Launch Site 12 Launch Point 10 - - Latitude: 58.85 N - Longitude: 53.92 W.

1954 July 25 - 06:51 GMT - Atlantic Ocean -. SUI 35 Ionosphere / aeronomy mission Agency: SUI. Apogee: 90 km (55 mi). Launched at Atlantic Ocean Launch Site 12 Launch Point 11 - - Latitude: 59.20 N - Longitude: 53.72 W.

1954 July 25 - 12:36 GMT - Atlantic Ocean -. SUI 36 Ionosphere / aeronomy mission Agency: SUI. Apogee: 90 km (55 mi). Launched at Atlantic Ocean Launch Site 12 Launch Point 12 - - Latitude: 59.37 N - Longitude: 59.37 W.

1954 July 25 - 15:30 GMT - Atlantic Ocean -. SUI 37 Ionosphere / aeronomy mission Agency: SUI. Apogee: 90 km (55 mi). Launched at Atlantic Ocean Launch Site 12 Launch Point 13 - - Latitude: 59.30 N - Longitude: 54.62 W.

1954 July 25 - 18:45 GMT - Atlantic Ocean -. NRL Rockoon 10 Aeronomy mission Agency: NRL. Apogee: 85 km (52 mi). Launched at Atlantic Ocean Launch Site 12 Launch Point 17 - - Latitude: 58.37 N - Longitude: 54.98 W.

1954 July 26 - 00:29 GMT - Atlantic Ocean -. FAILURE: Failure. NRL Rockoon 11 Ionosphere / aeronomy mission Agency: NRL. Apogee: 10 km (6 mi). Launched at Atlantic Ocean Launch Site 12 Launch Point 18 - - Latitude: 58.67 N - Longitude: 56.18 W.

1954 July 26 - 11:02 GMT - Atlantic Ocean -. NRL Rockoon 12 Ionosphere / aeronomy mission Agency: NRL. Apogee: 90 km (55 mi). Launched at Atlantic Ocean Launch Site 12 Launch Point 19 - - Latitude: 60.05 N - Longitude: 56.37 W.

1955 July 1 - Rockoon launches. Instrumented Loki I and Deacon rockets were successfully balloon launched (Rockoons) from shipboard off the coast of Greenland in cosmic-ray studies by State University of Iowa research group. Army Ordnance supplied JPL-developed Loki rockets and ONR sponsored the project.

1955 September 23 - 20:34 GMT - Atlantic Ocean -. SUI 38 Ionosphere / aeronomy mission Agency: SUI. Apogee: 100 km (60 mi). Launched at Atlantic Ocean Launch Site 13 Launch Point 1 - - Latitude: 42.67 N - Longitude: 66.18 W.

1955 September 24 - 16:35 GMT - Atlantic Ocean -. SUI 39 Ionosphere / aeronomy mission Agency: SUI. Apogee: 100 km (60 mi). Launched at Atlantic Ocean Launch Site 13 Launch Point 2 - - Latitude: 44.58 N - Longitude: 60.73 W.

1955 September 24 - 21:09 GMT - Atlantic Ocean -. SUI 40 Ionosphere / aeronomy mission Agency: SUI. Apogee: 100 km (60 mi). Launched at Atlantic Ocean Launch Site 13 Launch Point 3 - - Latitude: 45.28 N - Longitude: 59.42 W.

1955 September 25 - 20:39 GMT - Atlantic Ocean -. FAILURE: Failure. SUI 41 Ionosphere / aeronomy mission Agency: SUI. Apogee: 11 km (6 mi). Launched at Atlantic Ocean Launch Site 13 Launch Point 4 - - Latitude: 47.73 N - Longitude: 52.50 W.

1955 September 27 - 19:12 GMT - Atlantic Ocean -. FAILURE: Failure. NRL Rockoon 14 Ionosphere / aeronomy mission Agency: NRL. Apogee: 11 km (6 mi). Launched at Atlantic Ocean Launch Site 13 Launch Point 20 - - Latitude: 58.05 N - Longitude: 53.97 W.

1955 September 27 - 19:43 GMT - Atlantic Ocean -. NRL Rockoon 13 Ionosphere / aeronomy mission Agency: NRL. Apogee: 90 km (55 mi). Launched at Atlantic Ocean Launch Site 13 Launch Point 19 - - Latitude: 57.40 N - Longitude: 54.57 W.

1955 September 27 - 20:54 GMT - Atlantic Ocean -. SUI 42 Ionosphere / aeronomy mission Agency: SUI. Apogee: 100 km (60 mi). Launched at Atlantic Ocean Launch Site 13 Launch Point 5 - - Latitude: 57.85 N - Longitude: 54.23 W.

1955 September 28 - 01:13 GMT - Atlantic Ocean -. FAILURE: Failure. SUI 43 Ionosphere / aeronomy mission Agency: SUI. Apogee: 100 km (60 mi). Launched at Atlantic Ocean Launch Site 13 Launch Point 6 - - Latitude: 58.45 N - Longitude: 53.95 W.

1955 September 28 - 12:45 GMT - Atlantic Ocean -. NRL Rockoon 15 Ionosphere / aeronomy mission Agency: NRL. Apogee: 90 km (55 mi). Launched at Atlantic Ocean Launch Site 13 Launch Point 21 - - Latitude: 61.45 N - Longitude: 55.43 W.

1955 September 28 - 14:54 GMT - Atlantic Ocean -. SUI 44 Ionosphere / aeronomy mission Agency: SUI. Apogee: 100 km (60 mi). Launched at Atlantic Ocean Launch Site 13 Launch Point 7 - - Latitude: 61.17 N - Longitude: 55.25 W.

1955 September 28 - 17:40 GMT - Atlantic Ocean -. FAILURE: Failure. NRL Rockoon 16 Ionosphere / aeronomy mission Agency: NRL. Apogee: 11 km (6 mi). Launched at Atlantic Ocean Launch Site 13 Launch Point 22 - - Latitude: 62.48 N - Longitude: 56.72 W.

1955 September 28 - 19:22 GMT - Atlantic Ocean -. FAILURE: Failure. SUI 45 test Agency: SUI. Apogee: 102 km (63 mi). Launched at Atlantic Ocean Launch Site 13 Launch Point 8 - - Latitude: 62.03 N - Longitude: 56.08 W.

1955 September 29 - 13:42 GMT - Atlantic Ocean -. SUI 46 Ionosphere / aeronomy mission Agency: SUI. Apogee: 100 km (60 mi). Launched at Atlantic Ocean Launch Site 13 Launch Point 9 - - Latitude: 65.65 N - Longitude: 58.00 W.

1955 September 29 - 19:13 GMT - Atlantic Ocean -. SUI 47 Ionosphere / aeronomy mission Agency: SUI. Apogee: 100 km (60 mi). Launched at Atlantic Ocean Launch Site 13 Launch Point 10 - - Latitude: 67.52 N - Longitude: 60.25 W.

1955 September 29 - 21:52 GMT - Atlantic Ocean -. FAILURE: Failure. SUI 48 test Agency: SUI. Apogee: 100 km (60 mi). Launched at Atlantic Ocean Launch Site 13 Launch Point 11 - - Latitude: 66.85 N - Longitude: 60.00 W.

1955 September 30 - 20:10 GMT - Atlantic Ocean -. SUI 49 Ionosphere / aeronomy mission Agency: SUI. Apogee: 100 km (60 mi). Launched at Atlantic Ocean Launch Site 13 Launch Point 12 - - Latitude: 70.20 N - Longitude: 62.45 W.

1955 October 4 - 21:18 GMT - Atlantic Ocean -. SUI 50 Ionosphere / aeronomy mission Agency: SUI. Apogee: 100 km (60 mi). Launched at Atlantic Ocean Launch Site 13 Launch Point 13 - - Latitude: 72.68 N - Longitude: 75.35 W.

1955 October 6 - 10:54 GMT - Atlantic Ocean -. FAILURE: Failure. NRL Rockoon 17 Ionosphere / aeronomy mission Agency: NRL. Apogee: 11 km (6 mi). Launched at Atlantic Ocean Launch Site 13 Launch Point 23 - - Latitude: 65.92 N - Longitude: 61.40 W.

1955 October 6 - 19:10 GMT - Atlantic Ocean -. SUI 51 Ionosphere / aeronomy mission Agency: SUI. Apogee: 100 km (60 mi). Launched at Atlantic Ocean Launch Site 13 Launch Point 14 - - Latitude: 65.12 N - Longitude: 61.85 W.

1955 October 11 - 14:33 GMT - Atlantic Ocean -. FAILURE: Failure. SUI 52 Ionosphere / aeronomy mission Agency: SUI. Apogee: 20 km (12 mi). Launched at Atlantic Ocean Launch Site 13 Launch Point 15 - - Latitude: 61.58 N - Longitude: 64.60 W.

1955 October 11 - 14:37 GMT - Atlantic Ocean -. NRL Rockoon 18 Ionosphere / aeronomy mission Agency: NRL. Apogee: 90 km (55 mi). Launched at Atlantic Ocean Launch Site 13 Launch Point 24 - - Latitude: 60.58 N - Longitude: 63.53 W.

1955 October 13 - 06:37 GMT - Atlantic Ocean -. NRL Rockoon 19 Ionosphere / aeronomy mission Agency: NRL. Apogee: 60 km (37 mi). Launched at Atlantic Ocean Launch Site 13 Launch Point 25 - - Latitude: 57.17 N - Longitude: 59.00 W.

1955 October 13 - 12:44 GMT - Atlantic Ocean -. SUI 53 Ionosphere / aeronomy mission Agency: SUI. Apogee: 100 km (60 mi). Launched at Atlantic Ocean Launch Site 13 Launch Point 16 - - Latitude: 56.78 N - Longitude: 58.70 W.

1955 October 13 - 13:42 GMT - Atlantic Ocean -. FAILURE: Failure. NRL Rockoon 20 Ionosphere / aeronomy mission Agency: NRL. Apogee: 50 km (31 mi). Launched at Atlantic Ocean Launch Site 13 Launch Point 26 - - Latitude: 55.98 N - Longitude: 57.65 W.

1955 October 13 - 15:24 GMT - Atlantic Ocean -. FAILURE: Failure. SUI 54 Ionosphere / aeronomy mission Agency: SUI. Apogee: 20 km (12 mi). Launched at Atlantic Ocean Launch Site 13 Launch Point 17 - - Latitude: 56.37 N - Longitude: 58.18 W.

1955 October 13 - 20:13 GMT - Atlantic Ocean -. SUI 55 Ionosphere / aeronomy mission Agency: SUI. Apogee: 100 km (60 mi). Launched at Atlantic Ocean Launch Site 13 Launch Point 18 - - Latitude: 55.72 N - Longitude: 57.30 W.

1956 July 17 - 15:40 GMT - Pacific Ocean -. NRL NN5.27 Solar ultraviolet and x-ray mission Agency: NRL. Apogee: 120 km (70 mi). Launched on 1956 NRL Cruise Launch Point 1 - Latitude: 29.68 N, Longitude:121.57 W.

1956 July 18 - 15:46 GMT - Pacific Ocean -. NRL NN5.28 Solar ultraviolet and x-ray mission Agency: NRL. Apogee: 120 km (70 mi). Launched on 1956 NRL Cruise Launch Point 2 - Latitude: 29.70 N, Longitude:121.58 W.

1956 July 19 - 15:21 GMT - Pacific Ocean -. NRL NN5.29 Solar ultraviolet and x-ray mission Agency: NRL. Apogee: 120 km (70 mi). Launched on 1956 NRL Cruise Launch Point 3 - Latitude: 30.25 N, Longitude:121.67 W.

1956 July 20 - 19:15 GMT - Pacific Ocean -. Deacon Rockoon 8 NRL NN5.30 Solar ultraviolet and x-ray mission Agency: NRL. Apogee: 120 km (70 mi). Launched on 1956 NRL Cruise Launch Point 4 - Latitude: 29.72 N, Longitude:121.53 W.

1956 July 21 - 17:18 GMT - Pacific Ocean -. FAILURE: Failure. NRL NN5.31 Aeronomy mission Agency: NRL. Apogee: 11 km (6 mi). Launched on 1956 NRL Cruise Launch Point 5 - Latitude: 29.75 N, Longitude:121.50 W.

1956 July 22 - 17:57 GMT - Pacific Ocean -. NRL NN5.32 Solar ultraviolet and x-ray mission Agency: NRL. Apogee: 120 km (70 mi). Launched on 1956 NRL Cruise Launch Point 6 - Latitude: 30.17 N, Longitude:121.82 W.

1956 July 24 - 14:07 GMT - Pacific Ocean -. FAILURE: Failure. NRL NN5.33 Solar ultraviolet and x-ray mission Agency: NRL. Apogee: 11 km (6 mi). Launched on 1956 NRL Cruise Launch Point 7 - Latitude: 29.75 N, Longitude:121.75 W.

1956 July 25 - 15:15 GMT - Pacific Ocean -. NRL NN5.34 Solar ultraviolet and x-ray mission Agency: NRL. Apogee: 120 km (70 mi). Launched on 1956 NRL Cruise Launch Point 8 - Latitude: 29.67 N, Longitude:121.58 W.

1956 July 26 - 15:28 GMT - Pacific Ocean -. Deacon Rockoon NN5.35 NRL NN5.35 Solar ultraviolet and x-ray mission Agency: NRL. Apogee: 120 km (70 mi). Launched on 1956 NRL Cruise Launch Point 9 - Latitude: 29.72 N, Longitude:121.50 W.

1956 July 27 - 15:30 GMT - Pacific Ocean -. Deacon Rockoon NN5.36 NRL NN5.36 Solar ultraviolet and x-ray mission Agency: NRL. Apogee: 120 km (70 mi). Launched on 1956 NRL Cruise Launch Point 10 - Latitude: 29.53 N, Longitude:121.62 W.

1957 February 12 - 20:30 GMT - Guam -. II5.097 Fields mission Agency: SUI. Apogee: 75 km (46 mi).

1957 February 14 - 20:05 GMT - Guam -. II5.098 Fields mission Agency: SUI. Apogee: 75 km (46 mi).

1957 February 17 - 21:36 GMT - Guam -. II5.099 Fields mission Agency: SUI. Apogee: 75 km (46 mi).

1957 August 5 - 11:53 GMT - Atlantic Ocean -. Loki Rockoon II5.01F SUI 56 Aeronomy / Chemical release mission Agency: SUI. Apogee: 100 km (60 mi). Launched at IGY Rockoon Launch Site 1, Atlantic Ocean LP1 - - Latitude: 55.00 N - Longitude: 54.00 W.

1957 August 5 - 16:59 GMT - Atlantic Ocean -. Loki Rockoon II5.02F SUI 57 Fields mission Agency: SUI. Apogee: 100 km (60 mi). Launched at IGY Rockoon Launch Site 1, Atlantic Ocean LP2 - - Latitude: 56.62 N - Longitude: 54.42 W.

1957 August 6 - 10:52 GMT - Atlantic Ocean -. Loki Rockoon II5.03F SUI 58 Aeronomy / aurora / chemical release mission Agency: SUI. Apogee: 116 km (72 mi). Launched at IGY Rockoon Launch Site 1, Atlantic Ocean LP3 - - Latitude: 62.27 N - Longitude: 56.28 W.

1957 August 6 - 16:03 GMT - Atlantic Ocean -. Loki Rockoon II5.04F SUI 59 Ionosphere mission Agency: SUI. Apogee: 117 km (72 mi). Launched at IGY Rockoon Launch Site 1, Atlantic Ocean LP4 - - Latitude: 63.93 N - Longitude: 56.15 W.

1957 August 7 - 03:28 GMT - Atlantic Ocean -. Loki Rockoon II5.05F FAILURE: Failure. SUI 60 Aeronomy / Chemical release mission Agency: SUI. Apogee: 0 km ( mi). Launched at IGY Rockoon Launch Site 1, Atlantic Ocean LP5 - - Latitude: 67.33 N - Longitude: 57.05 W.

1957 August 7 - 22:04 GMT - Atlantic Ocean -. Loki Rockoon II5.06F FAILURE: Failure. SUI 61 Fields mission Agency: SUI. Apogee: 0 km ( mi). Launched at IGY Rockoon Launch Site 1, Atlantic Ocean LP6 - - Latitude: 72.92 N - Longitude: 58.52 W.

1957 August 8 - 07:17 GMT - Atlantic Ocean -. Loki Rockoon II5.07F SUI 62 Aeronomy / Chemical release mission Agency: SUI. Apogee: 132 km (82 mi). Launched at IGY Rockoon Launch Site 1, Atlantic Ocean LP7 - - Latitude: 75.20 N - Longitude: 63.32 W.

1957 August 10 - 05:07 GMT - Atlantic Ocean -. Loki Rockoon II5.08F SUI 63 Aeronomy / aurora / chemical release mission Agency: SUI. Apogee: 117 km (72 mi). Launched at IGY Rockoon Launch Site 1, Atlantic Ocean LP8 - - Latitude: 74.30 N - Longitude: 63.57 W.

1957 August 10 - 23:36 GMT - Atlantic Ocean -. Loki Rockoon II5.09F SUI 64 Aeronomy / aurora / chemical release mission Agency: SUI. Apogee: 77 km (47 mi). Launched at IGY Rockoon Launch Site 1, Atlantic Ocean LP9 - - Latitude: 72.07 N - Longitude: 58.33 W.

1957 August 11 - 05:16 GMT - Atlantic Ocean -. Loki Rockoon II5.10F FAILURE: Failure. SUI 65 Aeronomy / Chemical release mission Agency: SUI. Apogee: 0 km ( mi). Launched at IGY Rockoon Launch Site 1, Atlantic Ocean LP10 - - Latitude: 70.40 N - Longitude: 57.00 W.

1957 August 11 - 20:30 GMT - Atlantic Ocean -. Loki Rockoon II5.11F SUI 66 Aeronomy / Chemical release mission Agency: SUI. Apogee: 100 km (60 mi). Launched at IGY Rockoon Launch Site 1, Atlantic Ocean LP11 - - Latitude: 66.67 N - Longitude: 54.93 W.

1957 August 12 - 07:48 GMT - Atlantic Ocean -. Loki Rockoon II5.12F FAILURE: Failure. SUI 67 Aeronomy / aurora / chemical release mission Agency: SUI. Apogee: 0 km ( mi). Launched at IGY Rockoon Launch Site 1, Atlantic Ocean LP12 - - Latitude: 64.68 N - Longitude: 53.95 W.

1957 August 12 - 13:55 GMT - Atlantic Ocean -. Loki Rockoon II5.13F SUI 68 Aurora / fields mission Agency: SUI. Apogee: 100 km (60 mi). Launched at IGY Rockoon Launch Site 1, Atlantic Ocean LP13 - - Latitude: 63.05 N - Longitude: 53.72 W.

1957 August 13 - 01:58 GMT - Atlantic Ocean -. Loki Rockoon II5.14F SUI 69 Aeronomy / aurora / chemical release mission Agency: SUI. Apogee: 100 km (60 mi). Launched at IGY Rockoon Launch Site 1, Atlantic Ocean LP14 - - Latitude: 60.58 N - Longitude: 49.27 W.

1957 August 14 - 08:06 GMT - Atlantic Ocean -. Loki Rockoon II5.15F SUI 70 Aeronomy / aurora / chemical release mission Agency: SUI. Apogee: 100 km (60 mi). Launched at IGY Rockoon Launch Site 1, Atlantic Ocean LP15 - - Latitude: 59.30 N - Longitude: 47.80 W.

1957 August 14 - 13:50 GMT - Atlantic Ocean -. Loki Rockoon II5.16F SUI 71 Aurora / fields mission Agency: SUI. Apogee: 97 km (60 mi). Launched at IGY Rockoon Launch Site 1, Atlantic Ocean LP16 - - Latitude: 57.73 N - Longitude: 48.15 W.

1957 August 14 - 20:00 GMT - Atlantic Ocean -. Loki Rockoon II5.17F SUI 72 Aeronomy / aurora / chemical release mission Agency: SUI. Apogee: 130 km (80 mi). Launched at IGY Rockoon Launch Site 1, Atlantic Ocean LP17 - - Latitude: 56.22 N - Longitude: 48.77 W.

1957 August 14 - 22:51 GMT - Atlantic Ocean -. Loki Rockoon II5.18F SUI 73 Aeronomy / aurora / chemical release mission Agency: SUI. Apogee: 97 km (60 mi). Launched at IGY Rockoon Launch Site 1, Atlantic Ocean LP18 - - Latitude: 55.67 N - Longitude: 48.93 W.

1957 September 25 - Eniwetok -. FAILURE: Failure. Shot 1 Test/Ionosphere mission Agency: USAF. Apogee: 20 km (12 mi).

1957 September 26 - 17:05 GMT - Atlantic Ocean -. Loki Rockoon II5.50F II5.50F test Agency: SUI. Apogee: 100 km (60 mi). Thirty-six Rockoons (balloon-launched rockets) were launched from Navy icebreaker, U.S.S. Glacier, in Atlantic, Pacific, and Antartic areas ranging from 75 N. to 72 S. latitude, as part of the U.S.-IGY scientific program headed by James A. Van Allen and Lawrence J. Cahill of the State University of Iowa (SUI). These were the first known upper atmosphere rocket soundings in the Antartctic area.

Launched from IGY Rockoon Launch Site 2, Atlantic Ocean - Latitude: 0.83 N, Longitude:0.99 W.

1957 September 27 - 13:12 GMT - Atlantic Ocean -. Loki Rockoon II5.51F SUI 75 Chemical release mission Agency: SUI. Apogee: 119 km (73 mi).

1957 October 3 - Eniwetok -. Shot 2 Test/Ionosphere mission Agency: USAF. Apogee: 800 km (490 mi).

1957 October 4 - 19:16 GMT - Atlantic Ocean -. Loki Rockoon II5.52F SUI 76 Chemical release mission Agency: SUI. Apogee: 113 km (70 mi).

1957 October 7 - Eniwetok -. FAILURE: Failure. Shot 3 Test/Ionosphere mission Agency: USAF. Apogee: 700 km (430 mi).

1957 October 11 - Eniwetok -. FAILURE: Failure. Shot 4 Test/Ionosphere mission Agency: USAF. Apogee: 30 km (18 mi).

1957 October 13 - 18:15 GMT - Pacific Ocean -. Loki Rockoon II5.53F SUI 77 Chemical release mission Agency: SUI. Apogee: 100 km (60 mi).

1957 October 14 - 21:16 GMT - Pacific Ocean -. Loki Rockoon II5.54F SUI 78 Aeronomy / Fields mission Agency: SUI. Apogee: 113 km (70 mi).

1957 October 16 - 20:02 GMT - Pacific Ocean -. Loki Rockoon II5.55F SUI 79 Aeronomy / Fields mission Agency: SUI. Apogee: 100 km (60 mi).

1957 October 17 - 00:09 GMT - Pacific Ocean -. Loki Rockoon II5.56F SUI 80 Aeronomy / Fields mission Agency: SUI. Apogee: 100 km (60 mi).

1957 October 17 - 02:18 GMT - Pacific Ocean -. Loki Rockoon II5.57F SUI 81 Aeronomy / Fields mission Agency: SUI. Apogee: 100 km (60 mi).

1957 October 17 - 20:01 GMT - Pacific Ocean -. Loki Rockoon II5.58F FAILURE: Failure. SUI 82 Aeronomy / Fields mission Agency: SUI. Apogee: 44 km (27 mi).

1957 October 17 - 23:44 GMT - Pacific Ocean -. Loki Rockoon II5.59F SUI 83 Fields mission Agency: SUI. Apogee: 127 km (78 mi).

1957 October 18 - 09:35 GMT - Pacific Ocean -. Loki Rockoon II5.60F SUI 84 Chemical release mission Agency: SUI. Apogee: 100 km (60 mi).

1957 October 18 - 19:43 GMT - Pacific Ocean -. Loki Rockoon II5.61F SUI 85 Aeronomy / Fields mission Agency: SUI. Apogee: 121 km (75 mi).

1957 October 18 - 23:43 GMT - Pacific Ocean -. Loki Rockoon II5.62F SUI 86 Fields mission Agency: SUI. Apogee: 121 km (75 mi).

1957 October 19 - 18:50 GMT - Pacific Ocean -. Loki Rockoon SUI 87 II5.63F Fields mission Agency: SUI. Apogee: 122 km (75 mi).

1957 October 20 - Eniwetok -. Shot 5 Test/Ionosphere mission Agency: USAF. Apogee: 5,000 km (3,100 mi).

1957 October 20 - 01:06 GMT - Pacific Ocean -. Loki Rockoon SUI 88 II5.64F Aeronomy / Fields mission Agency: SUI. Apogee: 104 km (64 mi).

1957 October 20 - 03:57 GMT - Pacific Ocean -. Loki Rockoon SUI 89 II5.65F Chemical release mission Agency: SUI. Apogee: 100 km (60 mi).

1957 October 20 - 20:11 GMT - Pacific Ocean -. Loki Rockoon SUI 90 II5.66F Chemical release mission Agency: SUI. Apogee: 100 km (60 mi).

1957 October 22 - Eniwetok -. Shot 6 Test/Ionosphere mission Agency: USAF. Apogee: 5,000 km (3,100 mi).

1957 October 22 - 22:31 GMT - Pacific Ocean -. Loki Rockoon SUI 91 II5.67F Chemical release mission Agency: SUI. Apogee: 100 km (60 mi).

1957 October 26 - 19:47 GMT - Pacific Ocean -. Loki Rockoon SUI 92 II5.68F Chemical release mission Agency: SUI. Apogee: 100 km (60 mi).

1957 October 27 - 02:46 GMT - Pacific Ocean -. Loki Rockoon SUI 93 II5.69F Chemical release mission Agency: SUI. Apogee: 100 km (60 mi).

1957 October 29 - 00:13 GMT - Pacific Ocean -. Loki Rockoon SUI 94 II5.70F Aeronomy / Chemical release mission Agency: SUI. Apogee: 100 km (60 mi).

1957 October 30 - 21:40 GMT - Pacific Ocean -. Loki Rockoon SUI 95 II5.71F Aeronomy / Chemical release mission Agency: SUI. Apogee: 100 km (60 mi).

1957 October 31 - 00:29 GMT - Pacific Ocean -. Loki Rockoon SUI 96 II5.72F Aeronomy / Chemical release mission Agency: SUI. Apogee: 100 km (60 mi).

1957 October 31 - 19:51 GMT - Pacific Ocean -. Loki Rockoon SUI 97 II5.73F Aeronomy / Fields mission Agency: SUI. Apogee: 100 km (60 mi).

1957 November 1 - 01:00 GMT - Pacific Ocean -. Loki Rockoon SUI 98 II5.74F Aeronomy / Fields mission Agency: SUI. Apogee: 100 km (60 mi).

1957 November 3 - 20:08 GMT - Pacific Ocean -. Loki Rockoon SUI 99 II5.75F Aeronomy / Fields mission Agency: SUI. Apogee: 100 km (60 mi).

1957 November 3 - 23:24 GMT - Pacific Ocean -. Loki Rockoon SUI 100 II5.76F Aeronomy / Chemical release mission Agency: SUI. Apogee: 100 km (60 mi).

1957 November 4 - 01:41 GMT - Pacific Ocean -. Loki Rockoon SUI 101 II5.77F Aeronomy / Fields mission Agency: SUI. Apogee: 113 km (70 mi).

1957 November 4 - 03:47 GMT - Pacific Ocean -. Loki Rockoon SUI 102 II5.78F Aeronomy / Fields mission Agency: SUI. Apogee: 100 km (60 mi).

1957 November 4 - 07:16 GMT - Pacific Ocean -. Loki Rockoon SUI 103 II5.79F Aeronomy / Chemical release mission Agency: SUI. Apogee: 100 km (60 mi).

1957 November 4 - 18:52 GMT - Pacific Ocean -. Loki Rockoon SUI 104 II5.80F Aeronomy / Fields mission Agency: SUI. Apogee: 100 km (60 mi).

1957 November 5 - 01:25 GMT - Pacific Ocean -. Loki Rockoon SUI 105 II5.81F Aeronomy / Chemical release mission Agency: SUI. Apogee: 100 km (60 mi).

1957 November 5 - 19:13 GMT - Pacific Ocean -. Loki Rockoon SUI 106 II5.82F Aeronomy / Fields mission Agency: SUI. Apogee: 97 km (60 mi).

1957 November 5 - 21:59 GMT - Pacific Ocean -. Loki Rockoon SUI 107 II5.83F Aeronomy / Fields mission Agency: SUI. Apogee: 100 km (60 mi).

1957 November 8 - 20:43 GMT - Pacific Ocean -. Loki Rockoon SUI 108 II5.84F Aeronomy / Chemical release mission Agency: SUI. Apogee: 110 km (60 mi).

1957 November 8 - 23:15 GMT - Pacific Ocean -. Loki Rockoon SUI 109 II5.85F Aeronomy / Chemical release mission Agency: SUI. Apogee: 110 km (60 mi).

1992 February 14 - 23:00 GMT - Kagoshima -. HIMES Rockoon RFT-2 HIMES RFT-2 Agency: ISAS. Apogee: 67 km (41 mi).

Bibliography:

McDowell, Jonathan, Jonathan's Space Home Page (launch records), Harvard University, 1997-present. Web Address when accessed: http://www.planet4589.org/jsr.html.
Emme, Eugene M, Aeronautics and Astronautics: An American Chronology of Science and Technology in the Exploration of Space 1915-1960, NASA, 1961. Web Address when accessed: http://www.hq.nasa.gov/office/pao/History/timeline.html.

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