Voskhod LV

The 11A57 took the large third stage originally developed for the 8K78 interplanetary probe projects and applied it to increasing R-7 low earth orbit performance. It was primarily designed to launch the Zenit-4 reconnaisance satellite, but was also used for the Voskhod manned flights and later for a variety of other Zenit series versions.

Manufacturer: Korolev. Launches: 300. Failures: 13. Success Rate: 95.67%. First Launch Date: 1963-11-16. Last Launch Date: 1976-06-29. Launch data is: complete. LEO Payload: 5,900 kg (13,000 lb). to: 200 km Orbit. at: 65.00 degrees. Apogee: 500 km (310 mi). Associated Spacecraft: Energia, Nauka, Voskhod 3KD, Voskhod 3KV, Zenit-2, Zenit-2M, Zenit-4, Zenit-4M, Zenit-4MK. Liftoff Thrust: 3,999.930 kN (899,220 lbf). Total Mass: 298,400 kg (657,800 lb). Core Diameter: 2.99 m (9.80 ft). Total Length: 30.84 m (101.18 ft). Launch Price $: 18.000 million. in: 1994 price dollars.

• Stage Number: 0. 4 x Stage: Voskhod 11A57-0. Gross Mass: 43,400 kg (95,600 lb). Empty Mass: 3,800 kg (8,300 lb). Thrust (vac): 995.300 kN (223,752 lbf). Isp: 314 sec. Burn time: 119 sec. Isp(sl): 257 sec. Diameter: 2.68 m (8.79 ft). Span: 2.68 m (8.79 ft). Length: 19.00 m (62.00 ft). Propellants: Lox/Kerosene. No Engines: 1. Engine: RD-107-8D74K. Status: Out of production.

• Stage Number: 1. 1 x Stage: Voskhod 11A57-1. Gross Mass: 100,500 kg (221,500 lb). Empty Mass: 6,800 kg (14,900 lb). Thrust (vac): 941.000 kN (211,545 lbf). Isp: 315 sec. Burn time: 301 sec. Isp(sl): 248 sec. Diameter: 2.99 m (9.80 ft). Span: 2.60 m (8.50 ft). Length: 28.00 m (91.00 ft). Propellants: Lox/Kerosene. No Engines: 1. Engine: RD-108-8D75K. Status: Out of production.

• Stage Number: 2. 1 x Stage: Voskhod 11A57-2. Gross Mass: 24,300 kg (53,500 lb). Empty Mass: 2,000 kg (4,400 lb). Thrust (vac): 294.000 kN (66,093 lbf). Isp: 330 sec. Burn time: 240 sec. Isp(sl): 0 sec. Diameter: 2.56 m (8.39 ft). Span: 2.56 m (8.39 ft). Length: 2.84 m (9.31 ft). Propellants: Lox/Kerosene. No Engines: 1. Engine: RD-0108. Status: Out of production.

1962 January 18 - Launch Vehicle: Voskhod 11A57.

• Korolev requests new Vostoks Nation: USSR. Program: Vostok. Spacecraft: Vostok, Vostok-Zh, Zenit-4. Korolev has issued a letter requested eight new Vostok 3A spacecraft to be built in 1962-1963. He recommends that they should be finished as the 1100 to 1300 kg heavier 'Vostok-2', to be boosted by the 11A57 rocket, developed originally for the Zenit-4 spy satellite. These Vostok-2's will be used for docking experiments, to form EO Experimental Orbital stations, and to develop spacecraft systems for flight to the moon. The VVS fully supports these plans. One of the docking spacecraft will be piloted, the other unpiloted.References: 376.

• Cosmos 22 Nation: USSR. Payload: Zenit-4 no. 1. Mass: 6,300 kg (13,800 lb). Class: Surveillance. Type: Military. Spacecraft: Zenit-4. Agency: NII-88. Perigee: 193 km (119 mi). Apogee: 376 km (233 mi). Inclination: 64.90 deg. Period: 90.20 min. COSPAR: 1963-045A. USAF Sat Cat: 689. Duration: 6.00 days. Decay Date: 1963-11-22. High resolution photo reconnaissance satellite; returned film capsule References: 1, 2, 6.

• Cosmos 30 Nation: USSR. Mass: 6,300 kg (13,800 lb). Class: Surveillance. Type: Military. Spacecraft: Zenit-4. Agency: NII-88. Perigee: 206 km (128 mi). Apogee: 366 km (227 mi). Inclination: 64.90 deg. Period: 90.30 min. COSPAR: 1964-023A. USAF Sat Cat: 797. Duration: 8.00 days. Decay Date: 1964-05-26. High resolution photo reconnaissance satellite; returned film capsule References: 1, 2, 6.

• Cosmos 34 Nation: USSR. Mass: 6,300 kg (13,800 lb). Class: Surveillance. Type: Military. Spacecraft: Zenit-4. Agency: NII-88. Perigee: 201 km (124 mi). Apogee: 342 km (212 mi). Inclination: 64.90 deg. Period: 89.90 min. COSPAR: 1964-034A. USAF Sat Cat: 822. Duration: 8.00 days. Decay Date: 1964-07-09. High resolution photo reconnaissance satellite; returned film capsule References: 1, 2, 6.

• Voskhod preparations Nation: USSR. Program: Voskhod. Spacecraft: Voskhod, Zenit-4. Flight: Voskhod 1. Kamanin arrives at the cosmodrome, only to find the launch of the manned Voskhod delayed to October. The launch of a Zenit-4 spy satellite, that uses the same launch vehicle as planned for Voskhod, has aborted on the pad after the Block A strap-on failed to ignite. This is the first block A failure in over 100 R-7 launches. That evening Kamanin views a launch of an R-36 heavy ICBM. Marshall Krylov reveals it will have a range of 14,000 km with a CEP of under 1 km with a 40 megaton warhead - one missile is sufficient to wipe out a city like New York. Rudenko believes that the victor in any nuclear war will be the one who pushes the button first. Krylov disagrees, saying that if the Americans would launch an attack on Soviet missile forces, the Soviet Union would launch its missiles on a counter-strike before the American missiles arrive - total and senseless destruction. Rudenko believes that Rudenko is more correct, since in the real-world responses will not conform to theoretical possibilities of instant reaction.

  Later the state commission meets to consider the launch of the first Voskhod. The unpleasantness at the landing trials in the Crimea reveal only the inadequacy of the design of the test capsules, and do not reflect the flight system, says Korolev. He certifies the reliability of the Voskhod for flight. The commission decides to set the launch of the next Zenit-4 reconnaissance satellite for 14 September; that of the Voskhod with mannequins on 18-20 September; the definitive landing system trial at Fedosiya on 23 September; and if that is successful, launch of a manned Voskhod by the end of September.References: 376.

• Cosmos 45 Nation: USSR. Program: Voskhod. Mass: 6,300 kg (13,800 lb). Class: Surveillance. Type: Military. Spacecraft: Zenit-4. Agency: NII-88. Perigee: 203 km (126 mi). Apogee: 311 km (193 mi). Inclination: 64.90 deg. Period: 89.60 min. COSPAR: 1964-055A. USAF Sat Cat: 880. Duration: 5.00 days. Decay Date: 1964-09-18. Flight: Voskhod 1. High resolution photo reconnaissance satellite; returned film capsule; also carried weather experiments. The Zenit-4 launches a day ahead of schedule. The booster rocket performs perfectly as Korolev and Kamanin watch from the veranda of the IP-1 tracking station. This confirms readiness of the same launch vehicle for the Voskhod launch.References: 1, 2, 6, 376.

• Voskhod abort system Nation: USSR. Program: Voskhod, Lunar L1, Lunar . Spacecraft: Voskhod, LK-1. Flight: Voskhod 1. Kamanin reviews the Voskhod abort system with Korolev. Up to T+27 seconds, there is no possibility of saving the crew in the event of a booster failure; from T+27 seconds to T+44 seconds, escape would be difficult, but is possible; and from T+44 seconds to T+501 seconds abort should be possible, with the capsule landing on Soviet territory. Afterwards, Korolev speaks with Kamanin secretly and privately. Korolev reveals that he has discussed a greater VVS role in space with Marshal Krylov, but that Krylov is adamantly opposed to the VVS assuming such a mission. Korolev is seeking a resolution from the Communist Party that will authorise him to develop a manned lunar flyby and landing system using his N1 booster. He believes that Chelomei's UR-500 booster will not have sufficient payload to mount a manned flyby - a docking in low earth orbit will be required. But Chelomei has rejected the use of docking, and is even designing his UR-700 to allow a lunar landing without the use of docking.

  Finally Korolev gets to the purpose of the secret meeting. He wants Feoktistov to be aboard Voskhod 1, despite the opinion of Kamanin and the physicians. Kamanin reiterates that the most qualified crew would be Komarov, Volynov, and Lazarev; and if he gives in on Feoktistov, then Komarov, Feoktistov, Lazarev. But Korolev is opposed to Lazarev, and insists that the crew should be Komarov, Feoktistov, and Yegorov. From Kamanin's point of view this is flying a space mission with two invalids aboard. Lazarev is a qualified and fit flight surgeon, a qualified pilot as well as a physician with 15 years of research experience in aviation medicine. Korolev is adamant that the two passengers should be civilian, not military. No agreement is possible.References: 376.

• Cosmos 47 Nation: USSR. Program: Voskhod. Payload: Voskhod 3KV s/n 2. Mass: 5,320 kg (11,720 lb). Class: Manned. Type: Spacecraft. Spacecraft: Voskhod. Agency: NII-88. Perigee: 174 km (108 mi). Apogee: 383 km (237 mi). Inclination: 64.60 deg. Period: 90.10 min. COSPAR: 1964-062A. USAF Sat Cat: 891. Duration: 1.01 days. Decay Date: 1964-10-07. Flight: Voskhod 1. Unmanned test of Voskhod spacecraft. At 07:00 the State Commission meets at Area 2. All Chief Designers, Commanders, and Section report that all is ready for flight. The commission gives the order to proceed with the launch. Weather at the pad is 7 balls, 8-10 m/s wind with gusts to 15 m/s, temperature 9 to 12 deg C. Weather in the recovery zones is reported as winds up to 15 m/s. Weather in the recovery zone is not clear, but that is not considered an impediment, and in fact Kamanin would like to see how the landing system functions in bad conditions. Kamanin visits the pad at T-30 seconds; at T-20 seconds, the veranda at IP-1 has over 50 viewers of the launch, including 15 cosmonaut candidates and the 7 Voskhod cosmonauts. Kamanin is relegated to the IP-1 veranda this time, with Rudenko, Kirillov, and Tyulin the bunker adjacent to the pad. Korolev stays with the booster until T-5 minutes, then enters the bunker. The booster ignites precisely at 10:00; the strap-ons burn out and are jettisoned at T+120 seconds; the core burns out and the final stage ignites at T+290 seconds; and at T+523 seconds spacecraft 3KV number 2 is placed in orbit as the final stage shuts down. The spacecraft separates and all systems look normal.

  Recovered October 7, 1964 7:28 GMT. Officially: Investigation of the upper atmosphere and outer space.References: 1, 2, 6, 376.

• Cosmos 47 returns to earth. Nation: USSR. Program: Voskhod. Spacecraft: Voskhod. Flight: Voskhod 1. At 7 am the Cosmos 47 landing commission convenes. Kamanin has had only three hours sleep. The spacecraft is to conduct retrofire on its 17th orbit of the earth and land in Kustan, where winds are 15-17 m/s. The capsule made a good landing, with the parachute-rocket soft landing system working perfectly - the spacecraft had zero velocity on impact with the ground. The spacecraft penetrated 90 mm into the ground. The strong winds caught the parachute after landing and dragged it 160 m, but if a crew had been aboard they could have quickly commanded separation of the parachute. All systems of the booster and spacecraft worked perfectly, except that the third stage engines' thrust fell by 10% for three seconds, but the engine controller detected the shortfall and made up the velocity. References: 376.

• Cosmos 47 capsule returned to Baikonur. Nation: USSR. Program: Voskhod. Spacecraft: Voskhod. Flight: Voskhod 1. The capsule arrived aboard an An-12 at 11:30. All systems performed well. It is reported that one of Kosberg's third stage engines developed an out-of-control high frequency oscillation in a stand test, and exploded. The State Commission decides to delay the manned Voskhod launch 3 or 4 days while the safety of the engines on the booster are verified. A special commission is sent to Voronezh to assess the situation. Kosberg's engines have flown 60 times, and been tested on the stand 400 times, without this problem having occurred before. In the evening seven reporters arrive from the Soviet press and begin their work leading up to the manned launch.References: 376.

• Voskhod 1 Nation: USSR. Program: Voskhod. Payload: Voskhod 3KV s/n 3. Mass: 5,320 kg (11,720 lb). Class: Manned. Type: Spacecraft. Spacecraft: Voskhod. Location of Spacecraft: RKK Energia Museum, Korolev, Russia. Agency: NII-88. Perigee: 178 km (110 mi). Apogee: 336 km (208 mi). Inclination: 64.70 deg. Period: 89.60 min. COSPAR: 1964-065A. USAF Sat Cat: 904. Duration: 1.01 days. Decay Date: 1964-10-13. Flight Crew: Feoktistov, Komarov, Yegorov. Flight: Voskhod 1. The U.S.S.R. launched the world's first multi-manned spacecraft, Voskhod I, the first to carry a scientist and a physician into space. The crew were Col. Vladimir Komarov, pilot; Konstantin Feoktistov, scientist; and Boris Yegorov, physician. Potentially dangerous modification of Vostok to upstage American Gemini flights; no spacesuits, ejection seats, or escape tower. One concession was backup solid retrorocket package mounted on nose of spacecraft. Seats mounted perpendicular to Vostok ejection seat position, so crew had to crane their necks to read instruments, still mounted in their original orientation. Tested the new multi-seat space ship; investigated the in-flight work potential and co-operation of a group of cosmonauts consisting of specialists in different branches of science and technology; conducted scientific physico-technical and medico-biological research. The mission featured television pictures of the crew from space.

  Coming before the two-man Gemini flights, Voskhod 1 had a significant worldwide impact. In the United States, the "space race" was again running under the green flag. NASA Administrator James E. Webb, commenting on the spectacular, called it a "significant space accomplishment." It was, he said, "a clear indication that the Russians are continuing a large space program for the achievement of national power and prestige."Additional Details: Voskhod 1(311). References: 1, 2, 6, 16, 32, 33, 60, 360.

• Cosmos 57 roll-out Nation: USSR. Program: Voskhod. Spacecraft: Voskhod. Flight: Voskhod 2. The booster is rolled out to the pad at 08:00, slightly behind schedule after delays in mating the spacecraft the day before. It is -22 deg C at the launch centre; conditions at the landing site are poor, but his will not delay the launch. References: 376.

• Cosmos 57 Nation: USSR. Program: Voskhod. Payload: Voskhod 3KD s/n 1. Mass: 5,682 kg (12,526 lb). Class: Manned. Type: Spacecraft. Spacecraft: Voskhod. Agency: NII-88. Perigee: 159 km (98 mi). Apogee: 708 km (439 mi). Inclination: 64.80 deg. Period: 93.20 min. COSPAR: 1965-012A. USAF Sat Cat: 1093. Duration: 0.22 days. Decay Date: 1965-02-22. Flight: Voskhod 2. Unsuccessful mission. Voskhod 2 test. Immediately after orbital insertion airlock and spacesuit inflated normally. Then two ground control stations sent commands to the spacecraft simultaneously. The combined signals accidentally set off the retrofire sequence, which some time later triggered the self destruct mechanism (designed to prevent the spacecraft from falling into enemy hands).
  Officially: Investigation of the upper atmosphere and outer space.Additional Details: Cosmos 57(367). References: 1, 2, 6, 376.

• Cosmos 59 Nation: USSR. Mass: 6,300 kg (13,800 lb). Class: Surveillance. Type: Military. Spacecraft: Zenit-4. Agency: MOM. Perigee: 205 km (127 mi). Apogee: 321 km (199 mi). Inclination: 64.90 deg. Period: 89.80 min. COSPAR: 1965-015A. USAF Sat Cat: 1191. Duration: 8.00 days. Decay Date: 1965-03-15. High resolution photo reconnaissance satellite; returned film capsule fitted with airlock mating ring planned for Voskhod-2 spacecraft. References: 1, 2, 6.

• Voskhod 2 Nation: USSR. Program: Voskhod. Payload: Voskhod 3KD s/n 4. Mass: 5,682 kg (12,526 lb). Class: Manned. Type: Spacecraft. Spacecraft: Voskhod. Location of Spacecraft: RKK Energia Museum, Korolev, Russia. Agency: MOM. Perigee: 167 km (103 mi). Apogee: 475 km (295 mi). Inclination: 64.80 deg. Period: 90.90 min. COSPAR: 1965-022A. USAF Sat Cat: 1274. Duration: 1.08 days. Decay Date: 1965-03-19. Flight Crew: Belyayev, Leonov. Flight: Voskhod 2. First spacewalk, with a two man crew of Colonel Pavel Belyayev and Lt. Colonel Aleksey Leonov. During Voskhod 2's second orbit, Leonov stepped from the vehicle and performed mankind's first "walk in space." After 10 min of extravehicular activity, he returned safely to the spacecraft through an inflatable airlock.

  This mission was originally named 'Vykhod ('Exit/Advance'). It almost ended in disaster when Leonov was unable to reenter the airlock due to stiffness of the inflated spacesuit. He had to bleed air from the suit in order to get into the airlock. After Leonov finally managed to get back into the spacecraft cabin, the primary hatch would not seal completely. The environmental control system compensated by flooding the cabin with oxygen, creating a serious fire hazard in a craft only qualified for sea level nitrogen-oxygen gas mixes (Cosmonaut Bondarenko had burned to death in a ground accident in such circumstances, preceding the Apollo 204 disaster by many years).Additional Details: Voskhod 2(387). References: 1, 2, 6, 16, 32, 33,60.

• Cosmos 65 Nation: USSR. Mass: 6,300 kg (13,800 lb). Class: Surveillance. Type: Military. Spacecraft: Zenit-4. Agency: MOM. Perigee: 207 km (128 mi). Apogee: 315 km (195 mi). Inclination: 65.00 deg. Period: 89.70 min. COSPAR: 1965-029A. USAF Sat Cat: 1320. Duration: 8.00 days. Decay Date: 1965-04-25. High resolution photo reconnaissance satellite; returned film capsule; also carried weather experiments. References: 1, 2, 6.

• Cosmos 67 Nation: USSR. Payload: Zenit-4. Mass: 6,300 kg (13,800 lb). Class: Surveillance. Type: Military. Spacecraft: Zenit-4. Agency: MOM. Perigee: 203 km (126 mi). Apogee: 351 km (218 mi). Inclination: 51.80 deg. Period: 90.10 min. COSPAR: 1965-040A. USAF Sat Cat: 1382. Duration: 8.00 days. Decay Date: 1965-06-02. High resolution photo reconnaissance satellite; returned film capsule References: 1, 2, 6.

• Cosmos 69 Nation: USSR. Mass: 6,300 kg (13,800 lb). Class: Surveillance. Type: Military. Spacecraft: Zenit-4. Agency: MOM. Perigee: 206 km (128 mi). Apogee: 310 km (190 mi). Inclination: 64.90 deg. Period: 89.70 min. COSPAR: 1965-049A. USAF Sat Cat: 1421. Duration: 8.00 days. Decay Date: 1965-07-03. High resolution photo reconnaissance satellite; returned film capsule References: 1, 2, 6.

• Cosmos 77 Nation: USSR. Payload: Zenit-4. Mass: 6,300 kg (13,800 lb). Class: Surveillance. Type: Military. Spacecraft: Zenit-4. Agency: MOM. Perigee: 200 km (120 mi). Apogee: 281 km (174 mi). Inclination: 51.80 deg. Period: 89.30 min. COSPAR: 1965-061A. USAF Sat Cat: 1469. Duration: 8.00 days. Decay Date: 1965-08-11. High resolution photo reconnaissance satellite; returned film capsule References: 1, 2, 6.

• Cosmos 79 Nation: USSR. Mass: 6,300 kg (13,800 lb). Class: Surveillance. Type: Military. Spacecraft: Zenit-4. Agency: MOM. Perigee: 206 km (128 mi). Apogee: 338 km (210 mi). Inclination: 64.90 deg. Period: 89.90 min. COSPAR: 1965-069A. USAF Sat Cat: 1523. Duration: 8.00 days. Decay Date: 1965-09-02. High resolution photo reconnaissance satellite; returned film capsule References: 1, 2, 6.

• Cosmos 85 Nation: USSR. Mass: 6,300 kg (13,800 lb). Class: Surveillance. Type: Military. Spacecraft: Zenit-4. Agency: MOM. Perigee: 202 km (125 mi). Apogee: 291 km (180 mi). Inclination: 64.90 deg. Period: 89.50 min. COSPAR: 1965-071A. USAF Sat Cat: 1578. Duration: 8.00 days. Decay Date: 1965-09-17. High resolution photo reconnaissance satellite; returned film capsule References: 1, 2, 6.

• Cosmos 91 Nation: USSR. Mass: 6,300 kg (13,800 lb). Class: Surveillance. Type: Military. Spacecraft: Zenit-4. Agency: MOM. Perigee: 203 km (126 mi). Apogee: 324 km (201 mi). Inclination: 65.00 deg. Period: 89.80 min. COSPAR: 1965-075A. USAF Sat Cat: 1603. Duration: 8.00 days. Decay Date: 1965-10-01. High resolution photo reconnaissance satellite; returned film capsule References: 1, 2, 6.

• Cosmos 92 Nation: USSR. Payload: Bion precursor. Mass: 6,300 kg (13,800 lb). Class: Surveillance. Type: Military. Spacecraft: Zenit-4. Agency: MOM. Perigee: 204 km (126 mi). Apogee: 331 km (205 mi). Inclination: 64.90 deg. Period: 89.90 min. COSPAR: 1965-083A. USAF Sat Cat: 1626. Duration: 8.00 days. Decay Date: 1965-10-24. High resolution photo reconnaissance satellite; returned film capsule; also carried weather and biological experiments. References: 1, 2, 6.

• Cosmos 94 Nation: USSR. Payload: Bion precursor. Mass: 6,300 kg (13,800 lb). Class: Surveillance. Type: Military. Spacecraft: Zenit-4. Agency: MOM. Perigee: 205 km (127 mi). Apogee: 271 km (168 mi). Inclination: 65.00 deg. Period: 89.20 min. COSPAR: 1965-085A. USAF Sat Cat: 1636. Duration: 8.00 days. Decay Date: 1965-11-05. High resolution photo reconnaissance satellite; returned film capsule; also carried biological experiments. References: 1, 2, 6.

• Cosmos 109 Nation: USSR. Payload: Bion precursor. Mass: 6,300 kg (13,800 lb). Class: Surveillance. Type: Military. Spacecraft: Zenit-4. Agency: MOM. Perigee: 204 km (126 mi). Apogee: 288 km (178 mi). Inclination: 64.90 deg. Period: 89.40 min. COSPAR: 1966-014A. USAF Sat Cat: 2019. Duration: 8.00 days. Decay Date: 1966-02-27. High resolution photo reconnaissance satellite; returned film capsule; also carried biological experiments. References: 1, 2, 6.

• Cosmos 110 Nation: USSR. Program: Voskhod. Payload: Voskhod 3KV s/n 5. Mass: 5,700 kg (12,500 lb). Class: Manned. Type: Spacecraft. Spacecraft: Voskhod. Agency: MOM. Perigee: 181 km (112 mi). Apogee: 887 km (551 mi). Inclination: 51.80 deg. Period: 95.30 min. COSPAR: 1966-015A. USAF Sat Cat: 2070. Duration: 20.69 days. Decay Date: 1966-03-16. Flight: Voskhod 3. Successfully recovered March 15, 1966 13:00 GMT. Precursor mission for Voskhod 3 hardware. Two dogs carried into lower Van Allen radiation belts.
  Officially: Biological research.

  Voskhod s/n 5 launched at 23:10 Moscow time, with two dogs, Veterka and Ygolka, aboard. This will be a 25-day mission. Kamanin is disgusted, he had proposed this as a 25-day mission by a single cosmonaut, but Korolev had constantly held with the 'dog variant'. Preparations for Voskhod-3 are proceeding well. The prime and back-up crews have completed their training and will take their examinations on 28 February. Parallel trials of the oxygen regeneration system at IMBP and OKB-124 both went well (IMBP, 12 days so far, temperature 16-24 deg C, 70% humidity; OKB-124, 10 days so far, temperature 18-16 deg C, 65% humidity).References: 1, 2, 6, 376.

• Cosmos 113 Nation: USSR. Mass: 6,300 kg (13,800 lb). Class: Surveillance. Type: Military. Spacecraft: Zenit-4. Agency: MOM. Perigee: 202 km (125 mi). Apogee: 314 km (195 mi). Inclination: 64.90 deg. Period: 89.60 min. COSPAR: 1966-023A. USAF Sat Cat: 2114. Duration: 8.00 days. Decay Date: 1966-03-29. High resolution photo reconnaissance satellite; returned film capsule References: 1, 2, 6.

• Cosmos 114 Nation: USSR. Mass: 6,300 kg (13,800 lb). Class: Surveillance. Type: Military. Spacecraft: Zenit-4. Agency: MOM. Perigee: 202 km (125 mi). Apogee: 337 km (209 mi). Inclination: 72.80 deg. Period: 89.80 min. COSPAR: 1966-028A. USAF Sat Cat: 2133. Duration: 8.00 days. Decay Date: 1966-04-14. High resolution photo reconnaissance satellite; returned film capsule References: 1, 2, 6.

• Waiting on Voskhod Nation: USSR. Program: Voskhod. Flight: Voskhod 3. The search for the cause of the Molniya booster failure continues. A high oscillation vibration problem with the engine that has cropped up twice (but only on the test stand) has been cleared of responsibility. Tereshkova is going on a tour of Sweden. The cosmonauts' wives are preparing a letter denouncing Popovich for shutting down his wife's career and his abuse of her. Throughout the period April to May Kamanin is preoccupied with his wife, who is extremely ill in the hospital.References: 376.

• Voskhod 3 State Commission Nation: USSR. Program: Voskhod. Spacecraft: Voskhod. Flight: Voskhod 3. Chief Designer A A Golubev from OKB-154 Voronezh discusses the failure of his engines on the third stage of the Molniya launch on 27 March. He points out that the third stage has operated successfully in 500 stand trials and over 100 flights. It is true there have been seven instances of high-frequency oscillations in test stand runs of the engines, going back to the time of Tereshkova's flight, but these are felt to be due to the test stand propellant feed set-up and would not occur in flight engines. Despite no definite cause having been found for the third stage failure on 27 March, he guarantees his engines ready for flight. Other commission members question his optimism, but finally his guarantee is accepted, dependent on a thorough quality assurance review and certification by military officials responsible for control of the production processes at the factory. Voronin certifies the ECS system for an 18 day flight. Tsybin certifies the readiness of the spacecraft, and Shabarov the readiness of the booster at the launch centre. The absence of Korolev's presence is sorely felt, especially in handling the opposition of Smirnov and Pashkov to the flight. Nevertheless, the order is given for final preparations to proceed, with launch set for 22-28 May. However the confidence of the commission members in standing up to Smirnov is tenuous, and it is clear that any delay into June or July will kill the flight.References: 376.

• Voskhod 3 delays Nation: USSR. Program: Voskhod. Spacecraft: Voskhod. Flight: Voskhod 3. Tyulin has already warned that military crews at Baikonur are 'going slow' in Voskhod 3 preparations. Now it is reported from Voronezh that the military quality control official is refusing to certify the engines for the third stage of Voskhod 3 as ready for flight. It is clear that the flight will slip into June at this rate...References: 376.

• Zenit-4 Nation: USSR. Spacecraft: Zenit-4. Agency: RVSN. COSPAR: F660517B. High resolution photo reconnaissance mission. References: 279.

• Cosmos 120 Nation: USSR. Payload: Zenit-2 11F61 s/n 41. Mass: 4,720 kg (10,400 lb). Class: Surveillance. Type: Military. Spacecraft: Zenit-2. Agency: MOM. Perigee: 201 km (124 mi). Apogee: 331 km (205 mi). Inclination: 51.70 deg. Period: 89.80 min. COSPAR: 1966-050A. USAF Sat Cat: 2196. Duration: 8.00 days. Decay Date: 1966-06-16. Area survey photo reconnaissance satellite. References: 1, 2, 6,93.

• Cosmos 121 Nation: USSR. Mass: 6,300 kg (13,800 lb). Class: Surveillance. Type: Military. Spacecraft: Zenit-4. Agency: MOM. Perigee: 205 km (127 mi). Apogee: 327 km (203 mi). Inclination: 72.80 deg. Period: 89.80 min. COSPAR: 1966-054A. USAF Sat Cat: 2210. Duration: 8.00 days. Decay Date: 1966-06-25. High resolution photo reconnaissance satellite; returned film capsule References: 1, 2, 6.

• Cosmos 124 Nation: USSR. Payload: Zenit-2 11F61 s/n 42. Mass: 4,720 kg (10,400 lb). Class: Surveillance. Type: Military. Spacecraft: Zenit-2. Agency: MOM. Perigee: 205 km (127 mi). Apogee: 282 km (175 mi). Inclination: 51.80 deg. Period: 89.40 min. COSPAR: 1966-064A. USAF Sat Cat: 2325. Duration: 8.00 days. Decay Date: 1966-07-22. Area survey photo reconnaissance satellite. References: 1, 2, 6,93.

• Cosmos 126 Nation: USSR. Payload: Zenit-4. Mass: 6,300 kg (13,800 lb). Class: Surveillance. Type: Military. Spacecraft: Zenit-4. Agency: MOM. Perigee: 209 km (129 mi). Apogee: 343 km (213 mi). Inclination: 51.80 deg. Period: 90.10 min. COSPAR: 1966-068A. USAF Sat Cat: 2368. Duration: 9.00 days. Decay Date: 1966-08-06. High resolution photo reconnaissance satellite; returned film capsule References: 1, 2, 6.

• Cosmos 127 Nation: USSR. Payload: Zenit-4. Mass: 6,300 kg (13,800 lb). Class: Surveillance. Type: Military. Spacecraft: Zenit-4. Agency: MOM. Perigee: 201 km (124 mi). Apogee: 263 km (163 mi). Inclination: 51.80 deg. Period: 89.10 min. COSPAR: 1966-071A. USAF Sat Cat: 2391. Duration: 8.00 days. Decay Date: 1966-08-16. High resolution photo reconnaissance satellite; returned film capsule References: 1, 2, 6.

• Cosmos 128 Nation: USSR. Mass: 6,300 kg (13,800 lb). Class: Surveillance. Type: Military. Spacecraft: Zenit-4. Agency: MOM. Perigee: 207 km (128 mi). Apogee: 343 km (213 mi). Inclination: 64.90 deg. Period: 90.00 min. COSPAR: 1966-079A. USAF Sat Cat: 2409. Duration: 8.00 days. Decay Date: 1966-09-04. High resolution photo reconnaissance satellite; returned film capsule References: 1, 2, 6.

• Cosmos 130 Nation: USSR. Mass: 6,300 kg (13,800 lb). Class: Surveillance. Type: Military. Spacecraft: Zenit-4. Agency: MOM. Perigee: 204 km (126 mi). Apogee: 316 km (196 mi). Inclination: 64.90 deg. Period: 89.70 min. COSPAR: 1966-093A. USAF Sat Cat: 2502. Duration: 8.00 days. Decay Date: 1966-10-28. High resolution photo reconnaissance satellite; returned film capsule References: 1, 2, 6.

• Cosmos 131 Nation: USSR. Mass: 6,300 kg (13,800 lb). Class: Surveillance. Type: Military. Spacecraft: Zenit-4. Agency: MOM. Perigee: 202 km (125 mi). Apogee: 335 km (208 mi). Inclination: 72.80 deg. Period: 89.80 min. COSPAR: 1966-105A. USAF Sat Cat: 2568. Duration: 8.00 days. Decay Date: 1966-11-20. High resolution photo reconnaissance satellite; returned film capsule References: 1, 2, 6.

• Cosmos 134 Nation: USSR. Mass: 6,300 kg (13,800 lb). Class: Surveillance. Type: Military. Spacecraft: Zenit-4. Agency: MOM. Perigee: 206 km (128 mi). Apogee: 286 km (177 mi). Inclination: 64.90 deg. Period: 89.50 min. COSPAR: 1966-108A. USAF Sat Cat: 2603. Duration: 8.00 days. Decay Date: 1966-12-11. High resolution photo reconnaissance satellite; returned film capsule; also carried scientific experiments. References: 1, 2, 6.

• Zenit-2 spysat moved to more powerful Voskhod launcher. Nation: USSR. Spacecraft: Zenit-2. Ministry of Defence Decree 15 'On transfer of Zenit-2 from the 8A92 to the 11A57 launcher' was issued. References: 474.

• Cosmos 141 Nation: USSR. Mass: 6,300 kg (13,800 lb). Class: Surveillance. Type: Military. Spacecraft: Zenit-4. Agency: MOM. Perigee: 205 km (127 mi). Apogee: 316 km (196 mi). Inclination: 72.90 deg. Period: 89.70 min. COSPAR: 1967-012A. USAF Sat Cat: 2670. Duration: 8.00 days. Decay Date: 1967-02-16. High resolution photo reconnaissance satellite; returned film capsule References: 1, 2, 6.

• Cosmos 150 Nation: USSR. Mass: 6,300 kg (13,800 lb). Class: Surveillance. Type: Military. Spacecraft: Zenit-4. Agency: MOM. Perigee: 178 km (110 mi). Apogee: 341 km (211 mi). Inclination: 65.40 deg. Period: 89.60 min. COSPAR: 1967-025A. USAF Sat Cat: 2715. Duration: 8.00 days. Decay Date: 1967-03-30. High resolution photo reconnaissance satellite; returned film capsule References: 1, 2, 6.

• Cosmos 155 Nation: USSR. Payload: Zenit-4. Mass: 6,300 kg (13,800 lb). Class: Surveillance. Type: Military. Spacecraft: Zenit-4. Agency: MOM. Perigee: 200 km (120 mi). Apogee: 267 km (165 mi). Inclination: 51.80 deg. Period: 89.20 min. COSPAR: 1967-033A. USAF Sat Cat: 2750. Duration: 8.00 days. Decay Date: 1967-04-20. High resolution photo reconnaissance satellite; returned film capsule References: 1, 2, 6.

• Cosmos 161 Nation: USSR. Mass: 6,300 kg (13,800 lb). Class: Surveillance. Type: Military. Spacecraft: Zenit-4. Agency: MOM. Perigee: 201 km (124 mi). Apogee: 321 km (199 mi). Inclination: 65.60 deg. Period: 89.70 min. COSPAR: 1967-049A. USAF Sat Cat: 2812. Duration: 8.00 days. Decay Date: 1967-05-30. High resolution photo reconnaissance satellite; returned film capsule References: 1, 2, 6.

• Cosmos 162 Nation: USSR. Mass: 6,300 kg (13,800 lb). Class: Surveillance. Type: Military. Spacecraft: Zenit-4. Agency: MOM. Perigee: 196 km (121 mi). Apogee: 275 km (170 mi). Inclination: 51.80 deg. Period: 89.20 min. COSPAR: 1967-054A. USAF Sat Cat: 2827. Duration: 8.00 days. Decay Date: 1967-06-09. High resolution photo reconnaissance satellite; returned film capsule References: 1, 2, 6.

• Cosmos 164 Nation: USSR. Payload: Zenit-2 11F61 s/n 50. Mass: 4,720 kg (10,400 lb). Class: Surveillance. Type: Military. Spacecraft: Zenit-2. Agency: MOM. Perigee: 185 km (114 mi). Apogee: 317 km (196 mi). Inclination: 65.60 deg. Period: 89.50 min. COSPAR: 1967-057A. USAF Sat Cat: 2836. Duration: 6.00 days. Decay Date: 1967-06-14. Area survey photo reconnaissance satellite. References: 1, 2, 6,93.

• Zenit-4 Nation: USSR. Spacecraft: Zenit-4. Agency: RVSN. COSPAR: F670620A. High resolution photo reconnaissance mission. References: 279.

• Cosmos 168 Nation: USSR. Payload: Zenit-2 11F61 s/n 52. Mass: 4,720 kg (10,400 lb). Class: Surveillance. Type: Military. Spacecraft: Zenit-2. Agency: MOM. Perigee: 223 km (138 mi). Apogee: 230 km (140 mi). Inclination: 51.80 deg. Period: 89.10 min. COSPAR: 1967-067A. USAF Sat Cat: 2869. Duration: 8.00 days. Decay Date: 1967-07-12. Area survey photo reconnaissance satellite. References: 1, 2, 6,93.

• Zenit-4 Nation: USSR. Spacecraft: Zenit-4. Agency: RVSN. COSPAR: F670721A. High resolution photo reconnaissance mission. References: 279.

• Cosmos 172 Nation: USSR. Mass: 6,300 kg (13,800 lb). Class: Surveillance. Type: Military. Spacecraft: Zenit-4. Agency: MOM. Perigee: 206 km (128 mi). Apogee: 277 km (172 mi). Inclination: 51.70 deg. Period: 89.30 min. COSPAR: 1967-078A. USAF Sat Cat: 2914. Duration: 8.00 days. Decay Date: 1967-08-17. High resolution photo reconnaissance satellite; returned film capsule References: 1, 2, 6.

• Zenit-2 11F61 s/n 51 Nation: USSR. Payload: Zenit-2 11F61 s/n 51. Mass: 4,720 kg (10,400 lb). Class: Surveillance. Type: Military. Spacecraft: Zenit-2. Agency: RVSN. COSPAR: F670901A. Decay Date: 1967-09-01. Area survey photo reconnaissance satellite. References: 42,93.

• Cosmos 175 Nation: USSR. Mass: 6,300 kg (13,800 lb). Class: Surveillance. Type: Military. Spacecraft: Zenit-4. Agency: MOM. Perigee: 181 km (112 mi). Apogee: 356 km (221 mi). Inclination: 72.80 deg. Period: 89.80 min. COSPAR: 1967-085A. USAF Sat Cat: 2939. Duration: 8.00 days. Decay Date: 1967-09-19. High resolution photo reconnaissance satellite; returned film capsule References: 1, 2, 6.

• Cosmos 177 Nation: USSR. Payload: Zenit-2 11F61 s/n 53. Mass: 4,720 kg (10,400 lb). Class: Surveillance. Type: Military. Spacecraft: Zenit-2. Agency: MOM. Perigee: 201 km (124 mi). Apogee: 267 km (165 mi). Inclination: 51.70 deg. Period: 89.10 min. COSPAR: 1967-088A. USAF Sat Cat: 2947. Duration: 8.00 days. Decay Date: 1967-09-24. Area survey photo reconnaissance satellite. References: 1, 2, 6,93.

• Cosmos 180 Nation: USSR. Payload: Zenit-2 11F61 s/n 54. Mass: 4,720 kg (10,400 lb). Class: Surveillance. Type: Military. Spacecraft: Zenit-2. Agency: MOM. Perigee: 206 km (128 mi). Apogee: 350 km (210 mi). Inclination: 72.80 deg. Period: 90.10 min. COSPAR: 1967-093A. USAF Sat Cat: 2966. Duration: 8.00 days. Decay Date: 1967-10-04. Area survey photo reconnaissance satellite. References: 1, 2, 6,93.

• Cosmos 181 Nation: USSR. Payload: Zenit-2 11F61 s/n 55. Mass: 4,720 kg (10,400 lb). Class: Surveillance. Type: Military. Spacecraft: Zenit-2. Agency: MOM. Perigee: 198 km (123 mi). Apogee: 325 km (201 mi). Inclination: 65.60 deg. Period: 89.70 min. COSPAR: 1967-097A. USAF Sat Cat: 2981. Duration: 8.00 days. Decay Date: 1967-10-19. Area survey photo reconnaissance satellite. References: 1, 2, 6,93.

• Cosmos 182 Nation: USSR. Mass: 6,300 kg (13,800 lb). Class: Surveillance. Type: Military. Spacecraft: Zenit-4. Agency: MOM. Perigee: 197 km (122 mi). Apogee: 374 km (232 mi). Inclination: 64.90 deg. Period: 90.20 min. COSPAR: 1967-098A. USAF Sat Cat: 2995. Duration: 8.00 days. Decay Date: 1967-10-24. High resolution photo reconnaissance satellite; returned film capsule References: 1, 2, 6.

• Cosmos 190 Nation: USSR. Mass: 6,300 kg (13,800 lb). Class: Surveillance. Type: Military. Spacecraft: Zenit-4. Agency: MOM. Perigee: 197 km (122 mi). Apogee: 327 km (203 mi). Inclination: 65.60 deg. Period: 89.70 min. COSPAR: 1967-110A. USAF Sat Cat: 3026. Duration: 8.00 days. Decay Date: 1967-11-11. High resolution photo reconnaissance satellite; returned film capsule References: 1, 2, 6.

• Cosmos 193 Nation: USSR. Payload: Zenit-2 11F61 s/n 58. Mass: 4,720 kg (10,400 lb). Class: Surveillance. Type: Military. Spacecraft: Zenit-2. Agency: MOM. Perigee: 745 km (462 mi). Apogee: 756 km (469 mi). Inclination: 74.00 deg. Period: 99.90 min. COSPAR: 1967-117A. USAF Sat Cat: 3052. Duration: 8.00 days. Decay Date: 1967-12-03. Area survey photo reconnaissance satellite. References: 1, 2, 6,93.

• Cosmos 194 Nation: USSR. Mass: 6,300 kg (13,800 lb). Class: Surveillance. Type: Military. Spacecraft: Zenit-4. Agency: MOM. Perigee: 201 km (124 mi). Apogee: 312 km (193 mi). Inclination: 65.60 deg. Period: 89.60 min. COSPAR: 1967-119A. USAF Sat Cat: 3055. Duration: 8.00 days. Decay Date: 1967-12-11. High resolution photo reconnaissance satellite; returned film capsule References: 1, 2, 6.

• Cosmos 195 Nation: USSR. Payload: Zenit-2 11F61 s/n 57. Mass: 4,720 kg (10,400 lb). Class: Surveillance. Type: Military. Spacecraft: Zenit-2. Agency: MOM. Perigee: 204 km (126 mi). Apogee: 352 km (218 mi). Inclination: 65.60 deg. Period: 90.00 min. COSPAR: 1967-124A. USAF Sat Cat: 3071. Duration: 8.00 days. Decay Date: 1967-12-24. Area survey photo reconnaissance satellite. References: 1, 2, 6,93.

• Cosmos 199 Nation: USSR. Payload: Zenit-2 11F61 s/n 59. Mass: 4,720 kg (10,400 lb). Class: Surveillance. Type: Military. Spacecraft: Zenit-2. Agency: MOM. Perigee: 206 km (128 mi). Apogee: 363 km (225 mi). Inclination: 65.60 deg. Period: 90.20 min. COSPAR: 1968-003C. USAF Sat Cat: 3099. Duration: 16.00 days. Decay Date: 1968-02-01. Area survey photo reconnaissance satellite. Unsuccessful mission. Spacecraft failed to separate from Block I stage. Attempt was made to conduct mission without orientation system. APO self destruct system destroyed spacecraft on 126th revolution over Sea of Okhotsk. First generation, low resolution photo surveillance; recovery probably failed.References: 1, 2, 6,93.

• Cosmos 201 Nation: USSR. Mass: 6,300 kg (13,800 lb). Class: Surveillance. Type: Military. Spacecraft: Zenit-4. Agency: MOM. Perigee: 207 km (128 mi). Apogee: 334 km (207 mi). Inclination: 64.90 deg. Period: 89.90 min. COSPAR: 1968-009A. USAF Sat Cat: 3118. Duration: 8.00 days. Decay Date: 1968-02-14. High resolution photo reconnaissance satellite; returned film capsule References: 1, 2, 6.

• Cosmos 205 Nation: USSR. Payload: Zenit-2 11F61 s/n 56. Mass: 4,720 kg (10,400 lb). Class: Surveillance. Type: Military. Spacecraft: Zenit-2. Agency: MOM. Perigee: 197 km (122 mi). Apogee: 293 km (182 mi). Inclination: 65.70 deg. Period: 89.40 min. COSPAR: 1968-016A. USAF Sat Cat: 3140. Duration: 8.00 days. Decay Date: 1968-03-13. Area survey photo reconnaissance satellite. References: 1, 2, 6,93.

• Cosmos 207 Nation: USSR. Mass: 6,300 kg (13,800 lb). Class: Surveillance. Type: Military. Spacecraft: Zenit-4. Agency: MOM. Perigee: 201 km (124 mi). Apogee: 320 km (190 mi). Inclination: 65.60 deg. Period: 89.70 min. COSPAR: 1968-021A. USAF Sat Cat: 3154. Duration: 8.00 days. Decay Date: 1968-03-24. High resolution photo reconnaissance satellite; returned film capsule References: 1, 2, 6.

• Cosmos 208 Nation: USSR. Payload: Zenit-2M. Mass: 6,000 kg (13,200 lb). Class: Surveillance. Type: Military. Spacecraft: Zenit-2M. Agency: MOM. Perigee: 205 km (127 mi). Apogee: 287 km (178 mi). Inclination: 64.90 deg. Period: 89.40 min. COSPAR: 1968-022A. USAF Sat Cat: 3156. Duration: 12.00 days. Decay Date: 1968-04-02. Area survey photo reconnaissance satellite; returned film capsule; deployed high energy gamma ray experiment capsule. First flight of modernised Zenit-2 area survey reconnaissance satellite. References: 1, 2, 6.

• Nauka Nation: USSR. Payload: Nauka. Spacecraft: Nauka. Agency: MOM. Perigee: 195 km (121 mi). Apogee: 263 km (163 mi). Inclination: 64.90 deg. Period: 89.08 min. COSPAR: 1968-022C. USAF Sat Cat: 3167. Decay Date: 1968-04-06. References: 279.

• Cosmos 210 Nation: USSR. Payload: Zenit-2 11F61 s/n 60. Mass: 4,720 kg (10,400 lb). Class: Surveillance. Type: Military. Spacecraft: Zenit-2. Agency: MOM. Perigee: 200 km (120 mi). Apogee: 373 km (231 mi). Inclination: 81.40 deg. Period: 90.30 min. COSPAR: 1968-024A. USAF Sat Cat: 3168. Duration: 8.00 days. Decay Date: 1968-04-11. Area survey photo reconnaissance satellite. References: 1, 2, 6,93.

• Cosmos 214 Nation: USSR. Mass: 6,300 kg (13,800 lb). Class: Surveillance. Type: Military. Spacecraft: Zenit-4. Agency: MOM. Perigee: 200 km (120 mi). Apogee: 373 km (231 mi). Inclination: 81.40 deg. Period: 90.30 min. COSPAR: 1968-032A. USAF Sat Cat: 3203. Duration: 8.00 days. Decay Date: 1968-04-26. High resolution photo reconnaissance satellite; returned film capsule References: 1, 2, 6.

• Cosmos 216 Nation: USSR. Payload: Zenit-2 11F61 s/n 62. Mass: 4,720 kg (10,400 lb). Class: Surveillance. Type: Military. Spacecraft: Zenit-2. Agency: MOM. Perigee: 198 km (123 mi). Apogee: 267 km (165 mi). Inclination: 51.00 deg. Period: 89.20 min. COSPAR: 1968-034A. USAF Sat Cat: 3207. Duration: 8.00 days. Decay Date: 1968-04-28. Area survey photo reconnaissance satellite. Unsuccessful mission. Spacecraft landed in River Volga 1 km from shore and sank after 42 minutes. 85% of the data was ruined. References: 1, 2, 6,93.

• Cosmos 223 Nation: USSR. Payload: Zenit-2 11F61 s/n 63. Mass: 4,720 kg (10,400 lb). Class: Surveillance. Type: Military. Spacecraft: Zenit-2. Agency: MOM. Perigee: 221 km (137 mi). Apogee: 317 km (196 mi). Inclination: 72.90 deg. Period: 89.90 min. COSPAR: 1968-045A. USAF Sat Cat: 3274. Duration: 8.00 days. Completed Operations Date: 1968-06-09. Decay Date: 1968-06-09. Area survey photo reconnaissance satellite. References: 1, 2, 6,93, 99.

• Cosmos 224 Nation: USSR. Mass: 6,300 kg (13,800 lb). Class: Surveillance. Type: Military. Spacecraft: Zenit-4. Agency: MOM. Perigee: 203 km (126 mi). Apogee: 256 km (159 mi). Inclination: 51.80 deg. Period: 89.10 min. COSPAR: 1968-046A. USAF Sat Cat: 3276. Duration: 8.00 days. Decay Date: 1968-06-12. High resolution photo reconnaissance satellite; returned film capsule; also measured atmospheric composition. References: 1, 2, 6.

• Cosmos 227 Nation: USSR. Mass: 6,300 kg (13,800 lb). Class: Surveillance. Type: Military. Spacecraft: Zenit-4. Agency: MOM. Perigee: 202 km (125 mi). Apogee: 271 km (168 mi). Inclination: 51.80 deg. Period: 89.20 min. COSPAR: 1968-051A. USAF Sat Cat: 3294. Duration: 8.00 days. Decay Date: 1968-06-26. High resolution photo reconnaissance satellite; returned film capsule References: 1, 2, 6.

• Cosmos 228 Nation: USSR. Mass: 6,000 kg (13,200 lb). Class: Surveillance. Type: Military. Spacecraft: Zenit-2M. Agency: MOM. Perigee: 205 km (127 mi). Apogee: 245 km (152 mi). Inclination: 51.60 deg. Period: 89.00 min. COSPAR: 1968-053A. USAF Sat Cat: 3298. Duration: 12.00 days. Decay Date: 1968-07-03. Area survey photo reconnaissance satellite; returned film capsule; deployed cosmic ray experiment capsule. References: 1, 2, 6.

• Nauka Nation: USSR. Payload: Nauka. Spacecraft: Nauka. Agency: MOM. Perigee: 194 km (120 mi). Apogee: 213 km (132 mi). Inclination: 51.60 deg. Period: 88.56 min. COSPAR: 1968-053G. USAF Sat Cat: 3306. Decay Date: 1968-07-07. References: 279.

• Cosmos 229 Nation: USSR. Mass: 6,300 kg (13,800 lb). Class: Surveillance. Type: Military. Spacecraft: Zenit-4. Agency: MOM. Perigee: 207 km (128 mi). Apogee: 327 km (203 mi). Inclination: 72.90 deg. Period: 89.90 min. COSPAR: 1968-054A. USAF Sat Cat: 3304. Duration: 8.00 days. Decay Date: 1968-07-04. High resolution photo reconnaissance satellite; returned film capsule References: 1, 2, 6.

• Cosmos 231 Nation: USSR. Payload: Zenit-2 11F61 s/n 64. Mass: 4,720 kg (10,400 lb). Class: Surveillance. Type: Military. Spacecraft: Zenit-2. Agency: MOM. Perigee: 206 km (128 mi). Apogee: 311 km (193 mi). Inclination: 64.90 deg. Period: 89.60 min. COSPAR: 1968-058A. USAF Sat Cat: 3316. Duration: 8.00 days. Decay Date: 1968-07-18. Area survey photo reconnaissance satellite. References: 1, 2, 6,93.

• Cosmos 232 Nation: USSR. Mass: 6,300 kg (13,800 lb). Class: Surveillance. Type: Military. Spacecraft: Zenit-4. Agency: MOM. Perigee: 189 km (117 mi). Apogee: 348 km (216 mi). Inclination: 65.30 deg. Period: 89.90 min. COSPAR: 1968-060A. USAF Sat Cat: 3322. Duration: 8.00 days. Decay Date: 1968-07-24. High resolution photo reconnaissance satellite; returned film capsule; also performed weather experiments. References: 1, 2, 6.

• Cosmos 234 Nation: USSR. Mass: 6,300 kg (13,800 lb). Class: Surveillance. Type: Military. Spacecraft: Zenit-4. Agency: MOM. Perigee: 208 km (129 mi). Apogee: 288 km (178 mi). Inclination: 51.80 deg. Period: 89.40 min. COSPAR: 1968-062A. USAF Sat Cat: 3332. Duration: 6.00 days. Decay Date: 1968-08-05. High resolution photo reconnaissance satellite; returned film capsule References: 1, 2, 6.

• Cosmos 235 Nation: USSR. Payload: Zenit-2 11F61 s/n 61. Mass: 4,720 kg (10,400 lb). Class: Surveillance. Type: Military. Spacecraft: Zenit-2. Agency: MOM. Perigee: 201 km (124 mi). Apogee: 281 km (174 mi). Inclination: 51.80 deg. Period: 89.30 min. COSPAR: 1968-067A. USAF Sat Cat: 3339. Duration: 8.00 days. Decay Date: 1968-08-17. Area survey photo reconnaissance satellite. Partially successful. Hard landing due to parachute sytem failure. 30% of the film damaged. References: 1, 2, 6,93.

• Cosmos 237 Nation: USSR. Mass: 6,300 kg (13,800 lb). Class: Surveillance. Type: Military. Spacecraft: Zenit-4. Agency: MOM. Perigee: 200 km (120 mi). Apogee: 320 km (190 mi). Inclination: 65.40 deg. Period: 89.70 min. COSPAR: 1968-071A. USAF Sat Cat: 3348. Duration: 8.00 days. Decay Date: 1968-09-04. High resolution photo reconnaissance satellite; returned film capsule References: 1, 2, 6.

• Cosmos 239 Nation: USSR. Mass: 6,300 kg (13,800 lb). Class: Surveillance. Type: Military. Spacecraft: Zenit-4. Agency: MOM. Perigee: 201 km (124 mi). Apogee: 274 km (170 mi). Inclination: 51.80 deg. Period: 89.20 min. COSPAR: 1968-073A. USAF Sat Cat: 3353. Duration: 8.00 days. Decay Date: 1968-09-13. High resolution photo reconnaissance satellite; returned film capsule References: 1, 2, 6.

• Cosmos 240 Nation: USSR. Payload: Zenit-2 11F61 s/n 66. Mass: 4,720 kg (10,400 lb). Class: Surveillance. Type: Military. Spacecraft: Zenit-2. Agency: MOM. Perigee: 203 km (126 mi). Apogee: 283 km (175 mi). Inclination: 51.80 deg. Period: 89.30 min. COSPAR: 1968-075A. USAF Sat Cat: 3388. Duration: 7.00 days. Decay Date: 1968-09-21. Area survey photo reconnaissance satellite. References: 1, 2, 6,93.

• Cosmos 241 Nation: USSR. Mass: 6,300 kg (13,800 lb). Class: Surveillance. Type: Military. Spacecraft: Zenit-4. Agency: MOM. Perigee: 198 km (123 mi). Apogee: 326 km (202 mi). Inclination: 65.40 deg. Period: 89.70 min. COSPAR: 1968-077A. USAF Sat Cat: 3398. Duration: 8.00 days. Decay Date: 1968-09-24. High resolution photo reconnaissance satellite; returned film capsule References: 1, 2, 6.

• Cosmos 243 Nation: USSR. Mass: 6,000 kg (13,200 lb). Class: Surveillance. Type: Military. Spacecraft: Zenit-2M. Agency: MOM. Perigee: 213 km (132 mi). Apogee: 293 km (182 mi). Inclination: 71.30 deg. Period: 89.50 min. COSPAR: 1968-080A. USAF Sat Cat: 3418. Duration: 9.00 days. Decay Date: 1968-10-04. Area survey photo reconnaissance satellite; returned film capsule; deployed passive microwave radio telescope capsule. References: 1, 2, 6.

• Nauka Nation: USSR. Payload: Nauka. Spacecraft: Nauka. Agency: MOM. Perigee: 199 km (123 mi). Apogee: 274 km (170 mi). Inclination: 71.30 deg. Period: 89.23 min. COSPAR: 1968-080C. USAF Sat Cat: 3452. Decay Date: 1968-10-12. References: 279.

• Cosmos 246 Nation: USSR. Mass: 6,300 kg (13,800 lb). Class: Surveillance. Type: Military. Spacecraft: Zenit-4. Agency: MOM. Perigee: 149 km (92 mi). Apogee: 321 km (199 mi). Inclination: 65.40 deg. Period: 89.20 min. COSPAR: 1968-087A. USAF Sat Cat: 3473. Duration: 5.00 days. Decay Date: 1968-10-12. High resolution photo reconnaissance satellite; returned film capsule References: 1, 2, 6.

• Cosmos 247 Nation: USSR. Payload: Zenit-2 11F61 s/n 65. Mass: 4,720 kg (10,400 lb). Class: Surveillance. Type: Military. Spacecraft: Zenit-2. Agency: MOM. Perigee: 199 km (123 mi). Apogee: 345 km (214 mi). Inclination: 65.40 deg. Period: 89.90 min. COSPAR: 1968-088A. USAF Sat Cat: 3484. Duration: 8.00 days. Decay Date: 1968-10-19. Area survey photo reconnaissance satellite. References: 1, 2, 6,93.

• Cosmos 251 Nation: USSR. Payload: Zenit-4M no. 1. Mass: 6,300 kg (13,800 lb). Class: Surveillance. Type: Military. Spacecraft: Zenit-4M. Agency: MOM. Perigee: 201 km (124 mi). Apogee: 255 km (158 mi). Inclination: 64.90 deg. Period: 89.00 min. COSPAR: 1968-096A. USAF Sat Cat: 3528. Duration: 18.00 days. Decay Date: 1968-11-18. High resolution photo reconnaissance satellite; returned film capsule; deployed radio astronony and gamma ray experiment capsule; maneuverable. References: 1, 2, 6.

• Cosmos 253 Nation: USSR. Payload: Zenit-2 11F61 s/n 67. Mass: 4,720 kg (10,400 lb). Class: Surveillance. Type: Military. Spacecraft: Zenit-2. Agency: MOM. Perigee: 216 km (134 mi). Apogee: 337 km (209 mi). Inclination: 65.40 deg. Period: 90.00 min. COSPAR: 1968-102A. USAF Sat Cat: 3542. Duration: 5.00 days. Decay Date: 1968-11-18. Area survey photo reconnaissance satellite. Unsuccessful mission. On 13th orbit the SA-20-1 camera's shutter responded to an uncommanded order to open. Radiation levels inside reached 3 times normal levels. 53% of the data was lost. References: 1, 2, 6,93.

• Cosmos 254 Nation: USSR. Mass: 6,300 kg (13,800 lb). Class: Surveillance. Type: Military. Spacecraft: Zenit-4. Agency: MOM. Perigee: 197 km (122 mi). Apogee: 335 km (208 mi). Inclination: 65.40 deg. Period: 89.90 min. COSPAR: 1968-104A. USAF Sat Cat: 3562. Duration: 8.00 days. Decay Date: 1968-11-29. High resolution photo reconnaissance satellite; returned film capsule References: 1, 2, 6.

• Cosmos 255 Nation: USSR. Payload: Zenit-2 11F61 s/n 68. Mass: 4,720 kg (10,400 lb). Class: Surveillance. Type: Military. Spacecraft: Zenit-2. Agency: MOM. Perigee: 197 km (122 mi). Apogee: 317 km (196 mi). Inclination: 65.40 deg. Period: 89.60 min. COSPAR: 1968-105A. USAF Sat Cat: 3574. Duration: 8.00 days. Decay Date: 1968-12-07. Area survey photo reconnaissance satellite. References: 1, 2, 6,93.

• Cosmos 258 Nation: USSR. Payload: Zenit-2 11F61 s/n 69. Mass: 4,720 kg (10,400 lb). Class: Surveillance. Type: Military. Spacecraft: Zenit-2. Agency: MOM. Perigee: 205 km (127 mi). Apogee: 298 km (185 mi). Inclination: 65.00 deg. Period: 89.60 min. COSPAR: 1968-111A. USAF Sat Cat: 3602. Duration: 8.00 days. Decay Date: 1968-12-18. Area survey photo reconnaissance satellite. References: 1, 2, 6,93.

• Cosmos 263 Nation: USSR. Payload: Zenit-2 11F61 s/n 70. Mass: 4,720 kg (10,400 lb). Class: Surveillance. Type: Military. Spacecraft: Zenit-2. Agency: MOM. Perigee: 200 km (120 mi). Apogee: 325 km (201 mi). Inclination: 65.40 deg. Period: 89.70 min. COSPAR: 1969-003A. USAF Sat Cat: 3651. Duration: 8.00 days. Decay Date: 1969-01-20. Area survey photo reconnaissance satellite. References: 1, 2, 6,93.

• Cosmos 264 Nation: USSR. Mass: 6,300 kg (13,800 lb). Class: Surveillance. Type: Military. Spacecraft: Zenit-4M. Agency: MOM. Perigee: 209 km (129 mi). Apogee: 295 km (183 mi). Inclination: 69.90 deg. Period: 89.60 min. COSPAR: 1969-008A. USAF Sat Cat: 3667. Duration: 13.00 days. Decay Date: 1969-02-05. High resolution photo reconnaissance satellite; returned film capsule; carried radio astronony and gamma ray experiments; maneuverable. References: 1, 2, 6.

• Cosmos 266 Nation: USSR. Payload: Zenit-2 11F61 s/n 71. Mass: 4,720 kg (10,400 lb). Class: Surveillance. Type: Military. Spacecraft: Zenit-2. Agency: MOM. Perigee: 202 km (125 mi). Apogee: 336 km (208 mi). Inclination: 72.00 deg. Period: 89.80 min. COSPAR: 1969-015A. USAF Sat Cat: 3761. Duration: 8.00 days. Decay Date: 1969-03-05. Area survey photo reconnaissance satellite. References: 1, 2, 6,93.

• Cosmos 267 Nation: USSR. Mass: 6,300 kg (13,800 lb). Class: Surveillance. Type: Military. Spacecraft: Zenit-4. Agency: MOM. Perigee: 202 km (125 mi). Apogee: 331 km (205 mi). Inclination: 70.00 deg. Period: 89.80 min. COSPAR: 1969-017A. USAF Sat Cat: 3765. Duration: 8.00 days. Decay Date: 1969-03-06. High resolution photo reconnaissance satellite; returned film capsule References: 1, 2, 6.

• Cosmos 270 Nation: USSR. Mass: 6,300 kg (13,800 lb). Class: Surveillance. Type: Military. Spacecraft: Zenit-4. Agency: MOM. Perigee: 200 km (120 mi). Apogee: 331 km (205 mi). Inclination: 65.40 deg. Period: 89.80 min. COSPAR: 1969-022A. USAF Sat Cat: 3777. Duration: 8.00 days. Decay Date: 1969-03-14. High resolution photo reconnaissance satellite; returned film capsule References: 1, 2, 6.

• Cosmos 271 Nation: USSR. Mass: 6,300 kg (13,800 lb). Class: Surveillance. Type: Military. Spacecraft: Zenit-4. Agency: MOM. Perigee: 196 km (121 mi). Apogee: 324 km (201 mi). Inclination: 65.40 deg. Period: 89.70 min. COSPAR: 1969-023A. USAF Sat Cat: 3807. Duration: 8.00 days. Decay Date: 1969-03-23. High resolution photo reconnaissance satellite; returned film capsule References: 1, 2, 6.

• Cosmos 273 Nation: USSR. Payload: Zenit-2 11F61 s/n 77. Mass: 4,720 kg (10,400 lb). Class: Surveillance. Type: Military. Spacecraft: Zenit-2. Agency: MOM. Perigee: 200 km (120 mi). Apogee: 336 km (208 mi). Inclination: 65.40 deg. Period: 89.80 min. COSPAR: 1969-027A. USAF Sat Cat: 3831. Duration: 8.00 days. Decay Date: 1969-03-30. Area survey photo reconnaissance satellite. References: 1, 2, 6,93.

• Cosmos 274 Nation: USSR. Mass: 6,300 kg (13,800 lb). Class: Surveillance. Type: Military. Spacecraft: Zenit-4. Agency: MOM. Perigee: 206 km (128 mi). Apogee: 300 km (180 mi). Inclination: 65.00 deg. Period: 89.60 min. COSPAR: 1969-028A. USAF Sat Cat: 3833. Duration: 8.00 days. Decay Date: 1969-04-01. High resolution photo reconnaissance satellite; returned film capsule; also carried science package. References: 1, 2, 6.

• Cosmos 276 Nation: USSR. Mass: 6,300 kg (13,800 lb). Class: Surveillance. Type: Military. Spacecraft: Zenit-4. Agency: MOM. Perigee: 200 km (120 mi). Apogee: 371 km (230 mi). Inclination: 81.40 deg. Period: 90.30 min. COSPAR: 1969-032A. USAF Sat Cat: 3854. Duration: 7.00 days. Decay Date: 1969-04-11. High resolution photo reconnaissance satellite; returned film capsule References: 1, 2, 6.

• Cosmos 278 Nation: USSR. Payload: Zenit-2 11F61 s/n 78. Mass: 4,720 kg (10,400 lb). Class: Surveillance. Type: Military. Spacecraft: Zenit-2. Agency: MOM. Perigee: 198 km (123 mi). Apogee: 310 km (190 mi). Inclination: 65.40 deg. Period: 89.60 min. COSPAR: 1969-034A. USAF Sat Cat: 3883. Duration: 8.00 days. Decay Date: 1969-04-17. Area survey photo reconnaissance satellite. References: 1, 2, 6,93.

• Cosmos 279 Nation: USSR. Mass: 6,300 kg (13,800 lb). Class: Surveillance. Type: Military. Spacecraft: Zenit-4. Agency: MOM. Perigee: 192 km (119 mi). Apogee: 267 km (165 mi). Inclination: 51.70 deg. Period: 89.00 min. COSPAR: 1969-038A. USAF Sat Cat: 3893. Duration: 8.00 days. Decay Date: 1969-04-23. High resolution photo reconnaissance satellite; returned film capsule References: 1, 2, 6.

• Cosmos 280 Nation: USSR. Mass: 6,300 kg (13,800 lb). Class: Surveillance. Type: Military. Spacecraft: Zenit-4M. Agency: MOM. Perigee: 207 km (128 mi). Apogee: 250 km (150 mi). Inclination: 51.60 deg. Period: 89.00 min. COSPAR: 1969-040A. USAF Sat Cat: 3906. Duration: 13.00 days. Decay Date: 1969-05-06. High resolution photo reconnaissance satellite; returned film capsule; carried weather experiments; maneuverable. References: 1, 2, 6.

• Cosmos 281 Nation: USSR. Payload: Zenit-2 11F61 s/n 72. Mass: 4,720 kg (10,400 lb). Class: Surveillance. Type: Military. Spacecraft: Zenit-2. Agency: MOM. Perigee: 191 km (118 mi). Apogee: 303 km (188 mi). Inclination: 65.40 deg. Period: 89.40 min. COSPAR: 1969-042A. USAF Sat Cat: 3939. Duration: 8.00 days. Decay Date: 1969-05-21. Area survey photo reconnaissance satellite. References: 1, 2, 6,93.

• Cosmos 282 Nation: USSR. Mass: 6,300 kg (13,800 lb). Class: Surveillance. Type: Military. Spacecraft: Zenit-4. Agency: MOM. Perigee: 202 km (125 mi). Apogee: 321 km (199 mi). Inclination: 65.40 deg. Period: 89.70 min. COSPAR: 1969-044A. USAF Sat Cat: 3944. Duration: 8.00 days. Decay Date: 1969-05-28. High resolution photo reconnaissance satellite; returned film capsule References: 1, 2, 6.

• Cosmos 284 Nation: USSR. Mass: 6,300 kg (13,800 lb). Class: Surveillance. Type: Military. Spacecraft: Zenit-4. Agency: MOM. Perigee: 204 km (126 mi). Apogee: 297 km (184 mi). Inclination: 51.70 deg. Period: 89.50 min. COSPAR: 1969-048A. USAF Sat Cat: 3971. Duration: 8.00 days. Decay Date: 1969-06-06. High resolution photo reconnaissance satellite; returned film capsule References: 1, 2, 6.

• Cosmos 286 Nation: USSR. Mass: 6,300 kg (13,800 lb). Class: Surveillance. Type: Military. Spacecraft: Zenit-4. Agency: MOM. Perigee: 197 km (122 mi). Apogee: 322 km (200 mi). Inclination: 65.40 deg. Period: 89.70 min. COSPAR: 1969-052A. USAF Sat Cat: 3988. Duration: 8.00 days. Decay Date: 1969-06-23. High resolution photo reconnaissance satellite; returned film capsule References: 1, 2, 6.

• Cosmos 287 Nation: USSR. Payload: Zenit-2 11F61 s/n 76. Mass: 4,720 kg (10,400 lb). Class: Surveillance. Type: Military. Spacecraft: Zenit-2. Agency: MOM. Perigee: 189 km (117 mi). Apogee: 265 km (164 mi). Inclination: 51.80 deg. Period: 89.00 min. COSPAR: 1969-054A. USAF Sat Cat: 3991. Duration: 8.00 days. Decay Date: 1969-07-02. Area survey photo reconnaissance satellite. References: 1, 2, 6,93.

• Cosmos 288 Nation: USSR. Mass: 6,300 kg (13,800 lb). Class: Surveillance. Type: Military. Spacecraft: Zenit-4. Agency: MOM. Perigee: 199 km (123 mi). Apogee: 273 km (169 mi). Inclination: 51.80 deg. Period: 89.20 min. COSPAR: 1969-055A. USAF Sat Cat: 3994. Duration: 8.00 days. Decay Date: 1969-07-05. High resolution photo reconnaissance satellite; returned film capsule References: 1, 2, 6.

• Cosmos 289 Nation: USSR. Mass: 6,300 kg (13,800 lb). Class: Surveillance. Type: Military. Spacecraft: Zenit-4. Agency: MOM. Perigee: 194 km (120 mi). Apogee: 324 km (201 mi). Inclination: 65.30 deg. Period: 89.60 min. COSPAR: 1969-057A. USAF Sat Cat: 4034. Duration: 5.00 days. Decay Date: 1969-07-15. High resolution photo reconnaissance satellite; returned film capsule References: 1, 2, 6.

• Cosmos 290 Nation: USSR. Payload: Zenit-2 11F61 s/n 75. Mass: 4,720 kg (10,400 lb). Class: Surveillance. Type: Military. Spacecraft: Zenit-2. Agency: MOM. Perigee: 195 km (121 mi). Apogee: 332 km (206 mi). Inclination: 65.40 deg. Period: 89.70 min. COSPAR: 1969-060A. USAF Sat Cat: 4042. Duration: 8.00 days. Decay Date: 1969-07-30. Area survey photo reconnaissance satellite. References: 1, 2, 6,93.

• Cosmos 293 Nation: USSR. Mass: 6,000 kg (13,200 lb). Class: Surveillance. Type: Military. Spacecraft: Zenit-2M. Agency: MOM. Perigee: 215 km (133 mi). Apogee: 244 km (151 mi). Inclination: 51.70 deg. Period: 89.10 min. COSPAR: 1969-071A. USAF Sat Cat: 4072. Duration: 12.00 days. Decay Date: 1969-08-28. Area survey photo reconnaissance satellite; returned film capsule; carried science package. References: 1, 2, 6.

• Cosmos 294 Nation: USSR. Mass: 6,300 kg (13,800 lb). Class: Surveillance. Type: Military. Spacecraft: Zenit-4. Agency: MOM. Perigee: 200 km (120 mi). Apogee: 329 km (204 mi). Inclination: 65.40 deg. Period: 89.80 min. COSPAR: 1969-072A. USAF Sat Cat: 4074. Duration: 8.00 days. Decay Date: 1969-08-27. High resolution photo reconnaissance satellite; returned film capsule References: 1, 2, 6.

• Cosmos 296 Nation: USSR. Mass: 6,300 kg (13,800 lb). Class: Surveillance. Type: Military. Spacecraft: Zenit-4. Agency: MOM. Perigee: 207 km (128 mi). Apogee: 302 km (187 mi). Inclination: 65.00 deg. Period: 89.60 min. COSPAR: 1969-075A. USAF Sat Cat: 4080. Duration: 8.00 days. Decay Date: 1969-09-06. High resolution photo reconnaissance satellite; returned film capsule References: 1, 2, 6.

• Cosmos 297 Nation: USSR. Mass: 6,300 kg (13,800 lb). Class: Surveillance. Type: Military. Spacecraft: Zenit-4. Agency: MOM. Perigee: 207 km (128 mi). Apogee: 314 km (195 mi). Inclination: 72.80 deg. Period: 89.70 min. COSPAR: 1969-076A. USAF Sat Cat: 4082. Duration: 8.00 days. Decay Date: 1969-09-10. High resolution photo reconnaissance satellite; returned film capsule References: 1, 2, 6.

• Cosmos 299 Nation: USSR. Mass: 6,300 kg (13,800 lb). Class: Surveillance. Type: Military. Spacecraft: Zenit-4. Agency: MOM. Perigee: 207 km (128 mi). Apogee: 284 km (176 mi). Inclination: 65.00 deg. Period: 89.40 min. COSPAR: 1969-078A. USAF Sat Cat: 4097. Duration: 4.00 days. Decay Date: 1969-09-22. High resolution photo reconnaissance satellite; returned film capsule References: 1, 2, 6.

• Cosmos 301 Nation: USSR. Payload: Zenit-2 11F61 s/n 79. Mass: 4,720 kg (10,400 lb). Class: Surveillance. Type: Military. Spacecraft: Zenit-2. Agency: MOM. Perigee: 203 km (126 mi). Apogee: 271 km (168 mi). Inclination: 65.40 deg. Period: 89.30 min. COSPAR: 1969-081A. USAF Sat Cat: 4106. Duration: 8.00 days. Decay Date: 1969-10-02. Area survey photo reconnaissance satellite. References: 1, 2, 6,93.

• Cosmos 302 Nation: USSR. Mass: 6,300 kg (13,800 lb). Class: Surveillance. Type: Military. Spacecraft: Zenit-4. Agency: MOM. Perigee: 198 km (123 mi). Apogee: 321 km (199 mi). Inclination: 65.40 deg. Period: 89.70 min. COSPAR: 1969-089A. USAF Sat Cat: 4130. Duration: 8.00 days. Decay Date: 1969-10-25. High resolution photo reconnaissance satellite; returned film capsule References: 1, 2, 6.

• Cosmos 306 Nation: USSR. Mass: 6,000 kg (13,200 lb). Class: Surveillance. Type: Military. Spacecraft: Zenit-2M. Agency: MOM. Perigee: 215 km (133 mi). Apogee: 299 km (185 mi). Inclination: 65.00 deg. Period: 89.60 min. COSPAR: 1969-093A. USAF Sat Cat: 4182. Duration: 12.00 days. Decay Date: 1969-11-05. Area survey photo reconnaissance satellite; returned film capsule. References: 1, 2, 6.

• Cosmos 309 Nation: USSR. Payload: Zenit-2 11F61 s/n 80. Mass: 4,720 kg (10,400 lb). Class: Surveillance. Type: Military. Spacecraft: Zenit-2. Agency: MOM. Perigee: 185 km (114 mi). Apogee: 364 km (226 mi). Inclination: 64.50 deg. Period: 90.00 min. COSPAR: 1969-098A. USAF Sat Cat: 4223. Duration: 8.00 days. Decay Date: 1969-11-20. Area survey photo reconnaissance satellite. First flight with Nauka external experiment container. References: 1, 2, 6,93.

• Nauka Nation: USSR. Payload: Nauka 3KS. Spacecraft: Nauka. Agency: MOM. Perigee: 188 km (116 mi). Apogee: 334 km (207 mi). Inclination: 65.40 deg. Period: 89.73 min. COSPAR: 1969-098E. USAF Sat Cat: 4236. Decay Date: 1969-11-30. References: 279.

• Cosmos 310 Nation: USSR. Mass: 6,300 kg (13,800 lb). Class: Surveillance. Type: Military. Spacecraft: Zenit-4. Agency: MOM. Perigee: 204 km (126 mi). Apogee: 336 km (208 mi). Inclination: 65.00 deg. Period: 89.90 min. COSPAR: 1969-100A. USAF Sat Cat: 4232. Duration: 8.00 days. Decay Date: 1969-11-23. High resolution photo reconnaissance satellite; returned film capsule References: 1, 2, 6.