Mir
Mission Control
Credit - © Mark Wade
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Program: Mir. Objective: Manned. Type: Space station. The Mir space station was the last remnant of the once mighty Soviet space programme. It was built to last only five years, and was to have been composed of modules launched by Proton and Buran/Energia launch vehicles. These modules were derived from those originally designed by Chelomei in the 1960's for the Almaz military station programme. As the Soviet Union collapsed Mir stayed in orbit, but the final modules were years late and could only be completed with American financial assistance. Kept flying over a decade beyond its rated life, Mir proved a source of pride to the Russian people and proved the ability of their cosmonauts and engineers to improvise and keep operations going despite all manner of challenges and mishaps.

The design of an improved model of the Salyut DOS-17K space station was authorised as part of the third generation of Soviet space systems in a 17 February 1976 decree. At that time it was planned that the two stations (DOS-7 and DOS-8) would be equipped with two docking ports at either end of the station and an additional two ports at the sides of the forward small diameter compartment. By the time of the draft project in August 1978 this had evolved to the final Mir configuration of one aft port and five ports in a spherical compartment at the forward end of the station. Up to that time it was planned that the ports would provide docking positions for 7 tonne modules derived from the Soyuz spacecraft. These would use the Soyuz propulsion module, as in Soyuz and Progress, but would be equipped with long laboratory modules in place of the descent module and orbital module.

Following the decision to cancel Chelomei's manned Almaz military space station programme, a resolution of February 1979 consolidated the programs, with the docking ports to be reinforced to accommodate 20 tonne space station modules based on Chelomei's TKS manned ferry spacecraft. This order was unpopular with NPO Energia engineers, who felt that often-replaced lower-cost 7 tonne modules were a better technical solution. Nevertheless NPO Energia was made responsible for the overall space station, but subcontracted the work to KB Salyut due to the press of in-house work on Energia, Salyut 7, Soyuz-T, and Progress. The subcontractor began work in the summer of 1979, with drawings being released in 1982-1983. New systems incorporated into the station included the Salyut 5B digital flight control computer and gyrodyne flywheels (taken from Almaz), and the new Kurs automatic rendezvous system, Altair satellite communications system, Elektron oxygen generators, and Vozdukh carbon dioxide scrubbers. Mir was part of the Kosmometriy scientific program, with the objective of measuring the precise distance and characteristics of the earth's surface, ocean, and atmosphere, including spectral characterisation.

By early 1984 all work on Mir ground to a halt as all resources were put on getting the Buran space shuttle into flight test. This changed in the spring 1984 when Glushko was called into the office of the Central Committee's Secretary for Space and Defence and ordered to orbit Mir by the 27th Communist Party Congress in the spring of 1986. By the end of 1984 the static and dynamic test models of the station had been completed. The ground test model of the station was delivered in December 1984. The use of this full-fidelity test article, an approach taken on the Almaz program, was new to the civilian DOS project.

A major problem was that the station ended up one tonne heavier than designed due to the final weight of the electrical cabling Even after removing most of the experimental equipment (it would have to be delivered to the station later by ferry craft) it still exceeded the performance of the Proton booster to the planned 65 degree inclination orbit. The decision was finally taken in January 1985 to use the same 51.6 degree orbit as Salyut, although this would reduce photographic coverage of the Soviet Union. Meanwhile problems with development of the new software for the Salyut 5B computer lead to the decision to launch Mir with the old analogue Argon computer from Salyut DOS-17K. The digital computer would have to be installed later in orbit.

By April 1985 it was clear that the planned processing flow could not be followed and still make the spring 1986 launch date. The decision was taken on Cosmonautics Day (April 12) to ship the flight model to Baikonur and conduct the systems testing and integration there. Mir arrived at the launch site on 6 May 1985. 1100 of 2500 cables required rework based on results of testing of the ground test model at Khrunichev. In October 1985 Mir was rolled outside of its clean room to conduct communications tests of the Altair system with the Cosmos 1700 satellite already in orbit.

The first launch attempt on 16 February 1986 at very low temperatures was scrubbed when the spacecraft communications failed. The second attempt on 20 February was successful. The political deadline had been met.

The early launch of Mir left the planners without Soyuz spacecraft or modules to launch to it. The decision was taken to launch Soyuz T-15 on a unique dual station mission. The Soyuz would first dock with Salyut 7, which was dead in space, and completely repair the station. They then would fly in their Soyuz to Mir, and put it into initial operation. This spectacular mission marked a new maturity in the Soviet space program.

Just as Mir assembly began in earnest, the Soviet Union disintegrated. The military Spektr module was cancelled and no funds were available for completion of the Priroda earth resources module. Vice President Al Gore and Prime Minister Victor Chernomyrdin signed an agreement for a two-phase International Space Station program at the US-Russian summit in Washington in September 1993. Phase One (1994-96) would involve Shuttle missions to Russia's current Mir station. NASA would pay Russia $100 million annually to keep a 'guest astronaut' on the Mir complex. The money also made it possible for Russia to launch the 'Spektr' and 'Priroda' expansion modules to Mir, with some US experiments onboard. The program was later extended by two more flights in 1998 to help pay for Russia's ISS contributions. In the end, NASA paid the Russians $472 million for nine Shuttle dockings.

Following the end of the US flights, Mir barely continued in operation into the next century. When it became impossible to keep it going by selling visits to foreign customers, it was decided to bring it down in the Pacific Ocean using a specially modified Progress tug. By then it had been in orbit for 15 years. It had been continuously added to, survived crashes with errant spacecraft and space debris, and provided astronauts from many nations with experience in extended space flight. Mir at tis demise consisted of 7 modules with 11.5 tonnes of scientific equipment. It cost $220 to $240 million per year to keep in operation.

Major Events:

  • 1978 August - Mir draft project completed.  Spacecraft: Mir.

    By this time Mir had evolved to the final configuration of one aft port and five ports in a spherical compartment at the forward end of the station. It was planned that the ports would provide docking positions for 7 tonne modules derived from the Soyuz spacecraft. These would use the Soyuz propulsion module, as in Soyuz and Progress, but would be equipped with long laboratory modules in place of the descent module and orbital module.

  • 1982 - During the year - Mir drawing release.  Spacecraft: Mir.

    Drawings for the Mir space station are released during the course of 1982 and 1983 and construction of the spacecraft and its systems are begun.

  • 1984 Spring - Glushko ordered to launch Mir by March 1986.  Spacecraft: Mir.

    By early 1984 work on Mir ground to a halt as all resources were put on getting the Buran space shuttle into flight test. This changed in the spring 1984 when Glushko was called into the office of the Central Committee's Secretary for Space and Defence and ordered to orbit Mir by the 27th Communist Party Congress in the spring of 1986.

  • 1985 May 6 - Mir space station delivered to Baikonur.  Spacecraft: Mir.

    1100 of 2500 cables required rework based on results of testing of the ground test model at Khrunichev.

  • 1985 October - Mir free-air communications tests..  Spacecraft: Mir.

    Mir was rolled outside of its clean room to conduct communications tests of the Altair system with the Cosmos 1700 satellite already in orbit.

  • 1986 February 16 - First attempt to launch Mir..  Spacecraft: Mir.

    The first launch attempt at very low temperatures was scrubbed when the spacecraft communications failed.

  • 1986 February 19 - Mir.  Spacecraft: Mir . Mass: 20,100 kg (44,300 lb). Launch Site: Baikonur. Launch Vehicle: Proton 8K82K.

    The core module of Russia's new space station was placed in an initial orbit of 172 x 301 km. It was established in its operational orbit on 6 March. It passed just 10 km from Salyut 7 on 8 March. First use of the geosynchronous Luch relay sattelite for communications with the station was on 29 March. Equipment launched with the core module included:

    • Splav-2 crystal growth facility
    • Zona zone melt facility
    • Kashtan electrophoresis unit
    • Bulgarian Rozhen photometer
    • Spektr-256 and MKS-M spectrometers
    • Pion-M multipurpose physics unit (41 kg)
    • Biryuza semiconductor materials unit
    • -Ruchei electrophoresis installation
    • Yantar metal coating equipment
    • Mariye magnetic spectrometer
    • Korund furnace (136 kg)

    Total costs of Mir from February 1986 through return of Soyuz TM-9 in April 1989 were given as 1.471 billion rubles. This sum ncluded Mir, Kvant, all Soyuz and Progress spacecraft, and 2 new modules. As of April 1989 50% of the scientific equipment was inoperable and the interior was cramped due to lack of extension modules. Electric power supply problems were first reported in April 1989 (batteries would not hold charge from panels). Mass 27,300 kg as of January 1990. Complex mass with Kvant-2 65,790 kg; with Kristall, Soyuz TM, and Progress M, 89,990 kg.

    Maneuver Summary:
    172 km X 294 km orbit to 170 km X 335 km orbit. Delta V: 11...more.

  • 1986 March 13 - Soyuz T-15.  Spacecraft: Soyuz T. Mass: 7,020 kg (15,470 lb). Launch Site: Baikonur. Launch Vehicle: Soyuz 11A511U2.

    Mir Main Expedition EO-01. Epic repair mission. The crew, consisting of ship's commander L D Kizim and flight engineer V A Solovyov first docked with the Mir orbital station to conduct scientific and technical studies and experiments. Mir then maneuvered 17 April to match Salyut 7's orbit at 4000 km separation, then again on 4 May to catch up. After six weeks aboard Mir, Soyuz T-15 undocked on 5 May, then rendezvoused and manually docked with the inoperative Salyut 7 station. This was the only flight in history by a single spacecraft between two space stations. The Salyut-7 station was found to be ice bound and without electrical power. The crew repaired the station, regaining power, heat, and environmental control. The also removed experimental results left behind by last crew. Soyuz T-15 undocked Salyut 7 on 25 June, and redocked with Mir on 26 June, delivering 400 kg of scientific material from Salyut 7, including a multichannel spectrometer. Following further work aboard Mir, the crew landed on July 16, 1986 at 12:34 GMT. No crew ever revisited Salyut 7; it made an uncontrolled reentry over Argentina.

  • 1986 March 19 - Progress 25.  Spacecraft: Progress. Mass: 7,270 kg (16,020 lb). Launch Site: Baikonur. Launch Vehicle: Soyuz 11A511U2.

    Unmanned supply vessel transporting sundry cargoes to the Mir orbital station. Docked with Mir on 21 Mar 1986 11:16:02 GMT. Undocked on 20 Apr 1986 19:24:08 GMT. Destroyed in reentry on 21 Apr 1986 00:48:30 GMT. Total free-flight time 2.27 days. Total docked time 30.34 days.

  • 1986 April 23 - Progress 26.  Spacecraft: Progress. Mass: 7,250 kg (15,980 lb). Launch Site: Baikonur. Launch Vehicle: Soyuz 11A511U2.

    Unmanned supply vessel to Mir. Rendezvoused with Mir on 25 April, but problem with Mir's radio communication system delays docking until the next day. Docked with Mir on 26 Apr 1986 21:26:06 GMT. Undocked on 22 Jun 1986 18:25:00 GMT. Destroyed in reentry on 23 Jun 1986 15:41:01 GMT. Total free-flight time 3.96 days. Total docked time 56.87 days.

  • 1986 May 21 - Soyuz TM-1.  Spacecraft: Soyuz TM. Mass: 7,070 kg (15,580 lb). Launch Site: Baikonur. Launch Vehicle: Soyuz 11A511U2.

    Test of new Soyuz vehicle. Recovered May 30, 1986 6:49 GMT. Unmanned test of Soyuz TM. Docked with Mir May 23 1987. Undocked 29 May.
    Officially: Comprehensive experimental testing of spacecraft in independent flight and jointly with the Mir orbital station.

  • 1986 May 28 - EVA Mir EO-1-1.  Spacecraft: Mir.

    Installed truss.

  • 1986 May 31 - EVA Mir EO-1-2.  Spacecraft: Mir.

    Tested truss structure.

  • 1986 July 16 - Landing of Soyuz T-15. 

    Soyuz T-15 landed at 12:34 GMT, 55 km NE of Arkalyk.

  • 1987 January 16 - Progress 27.  Spacecraft: Progress. Mass: 7,230 kg (15,930 lb). Launch Site: Baikonur. Launch Vehicle: Soyuz 11A511U2.

    Unmanned supply vessel to Mir; raised Mir's orbit. Transported sundry cargoes to the Mir orbital station. Docked with Salyut 7 on 18 Jan 1987 07:26:50 GMT. Undocked on 23 Feb 1987 11:29:01 GMT. Destroyed in reentry on 25 Feb 1987 16:05:00 GMT. Total free-flight time 4.25 days. Total docked time 36.17 days.

  • 1987 February 5 - Soyuz TM-2.  Spacecraft: Soyuz TM. Mass: 7,100 kg (15,600 lb). Launch Site: Baikonur. Launch Vehicle: Soyuz 11A511U2.

    Mir Expedition EO-02. Docked with Mir 7 February 1987. Carried Yuri Romanenko, Aleksander Laveykin to Mir; returned Laveykin, crew of Soyuz TM-3 to Earth.

  • 1987 March 3 - Progress 28.  Spacecraft: Progress. Mass: 7,246 kg (15,974 lb). Launch Site: Baikonur. Launch Vehicle: Soyuz 11A511U2.

    Unmanned supply vessel to Mir. Orbit of station at time of rendezvous was 344 X 369 km, 51. 62 deg. Docked with Mir on 5 Mar 1987 12:42:36 GMT. Undocked on 26 Mar 1987 05:06:48 GMT. Destroyed in reentry on 28 Mar 1987 03:49:00 GMT. Total free-flight time 4.01 days. Total docked time 20.68 days.

  • 1987 March 31 - Kvant 1.  Spacecraft: Kvant. Mass: 20,000 kg (44,000 lb). Launch Site: Baikonur. Launch Vehicle: Proton 8K82K.

    MIR module; high energy observatory. Docked with Mir. Rendezvous with Mir 5 April; soft dock 9 April; EVA on 11 April to remove fabric strip from docking apparatus and hard dock; jettisoned service module on 12 April at 22:18

    Maneuver Summary:
    168 km X 278 km orbit to 172 km X 300 km orbit. Delta V: 7 m/s
    169 km X 296 km orbit to 172 km X 314 km orbit. Delta V: 5 m/s
    170 km X 313 km orbit to 297 km X 345 km orbit. Delta V: 46 m/s
    298 km X 344 km orbit to 345 km X 364 km orbit. Delta V: 18 m/s
    Service Module only, after undocking with Mir:
    345 km X 364 km orbit to 341 km X 363 km orbit. Delta V: 1 m/s
    340 km X 361 km orbit to 383 km X 406 km orbit. Delta V: 24 m/s
    Total Delta V: 101 m/s
    Officially: Extra-atmospheric astronomic research and resolution of a number of problems with scientific and economic applications.

  • 1987 April 11 - EVA Mir EO-2-1.  Spacecraft: Mir.

    Removed bag from docking unit that interfered with Kvant docking.

  • 1987 April 21 - Progress 29.  Spacecraft: Progress. Mass: 7,100 kg (15,600 lb). Launch Site: Baikonur. Launch Vehicle: Soyuz 11A511U2.

    Unmanned supply vessel to Mir. Deorbited May 11, 1987. Docked with Mir at 343 X 363 1705 23 April at rear port of Kvant. Undocked May 11 03:10. Deorbited28 May 02:59 .
    Officially: Transporting sundry cargoes to the Mir orbital station. Docked with Salyut 7 on 23 Apr 1987 17:04:51 GMT. Undocked on 11 May 1987 03:10:01 GMT. Destroyed in reentry on 11 May 1987 08:28:00 GMT. Total free-flight time 2.30 days. Total docked time 17.42 days.

  • 1987 May 19 - Progress 30.  Spacecraft: Progress. Mass: 7,249 kg (15,981 lb). Launch Site: Baikonur. Launch Vehicle: Soyuz 11A511U2.

    Unmanned supply vessel to Mir. Rendezvoused with Mir/Kvant in its orbit of 343 X 366 km, 51. 6 deg. Docked with the station on 21 May 1987 05:50:38 GMT. Undocked on 19 Jul 1987 00:19:51 GMT. Destroyed in reentry on 19 Jul 1987 05:42:00 GMT. Total free-flight time 2.30 days. Total docked time 58.77 days.

  • 1987 June 12 - EVA Mir EO-2-2.  Spacecraft: Mir.

    Began solar array installation.

  • 1987 June 16 - EVA Mir EO-2-3.  Spacecraft: Mir.

    Continued solar array installation.

  • 1987 July 22 - Soyuz TM-3.  Spacecraft: Soyuz TM. Mass: 7,100 kg (15,600 lb). Launch Site: Baikonur. Launch Vehicle: Soyuz 11A511U2.

    Manned three crew. Transported to the Mir orbital space station a Soviet-Syrian crew comprising cosmonauts A S Viktorenko, A P Aleksandrov and M A Faris to conduct joint research and experiments with cosmonauts Y Romanenko and A Laveykin. Maneuvered from initial 231 X 217 km orbit to Mir's 311 X 359 km orbit. Docked with rear Mir port at 3:30 GMT 24 July. Undocked with rear port 30 July and docked to forward port.

  • 1987 July 30 - Landing of Soyuz TM-2. 

    Undocked from Mir at 8:34 GMT on 29 July. The Orbital Module was jettisoned before retrofire and left in a 308 X 356 orbit. Soyuz TM-2 landed at 01:05 GMT with the crew of Faris, Laveykin and Viktorenko aboard.

  • 1987 August 3 - Progress 31.  Spacecraft: Progress. Mass: 7,212 kg (15,899 lb). Launch Site: Baikonur. Launch Vehicle: Soyuz 11A511U2.

    Unmanned resupply vessel to Mir. Rendezvous transfer orbits 187 X 250 km, 51. 64 deg; 266 X 314 km; 309 X 360 km. Docked with Mir on 5 Aug 1987 22:27:35 GMT. Refueled Mir propellants tanks on 15/16 Sept. Undocked on 21 Sep 1987 23:57:41 GMT. Destroyed in reentry on 23 Sep 1987 01:02:00 GMT. Total free-flight time 3.12 days. Total docked time 47.06 days.

  • 1987 September 23 - Progress 32.  Spacecraft: Progress. Mass: 7,035 kg (15,509 lb). Launch Site: Baikonur. Launch Vehicle: Soyuz 11A511U2.

    Unmanned resupply vessel to Mir. Delivered 850 kg propellants, 315 kg food, 2,000 kg total. Docked with Mir on 26 Sep 1987 01:08:15 GMT. Undocked on 10 Nov 1987 04:09:10 GMT. Redocked from 2,500 m on 10 Nov 1987 05:47 GMT. Undocked again 17 Nov 1998 19:25 GMT. Destroyed in reentry on 19 Nov 1987 00:58:00 GMT. Total free-flight time 3.17 days. Total docked time 52.82 days.

  • 1987 November 20 - Progress 33.  Spacecraft: Progress. Mass: 6,895 kg (15,200 lb). Launch Site: Baikonur. Launch Vehicle: Soyuz 11A511U2.

    Unmanned resupply vessel to Mir. Space station orbit at rendezvous was 326 km x 343 km. Docked on 23 Nov 1987 01:39:13 GMT. Undocked on 19 Dec 1987 08:15:46 GMT. Destroyed in reentry on 19 Dec 1987 13:37:00 GMT. Total free-flight time 2.30 days. Total docked time 26.28 days.

  • 1987 December 21 - Soyuz TM-4.  Spacecraft: Soyuz TM. Mass: 7,070 kg (15,580 lb). Launch Site: Baikonur. Launch Vehicle: Soyuz 11A511U2.

    Mir Expedition EO-03. Carried Musa Manarov, Anatoly Levchenko, Vladimir Titov to Mir; returned crew of Soyuz TM-5 to Earth. Orbits 168 x 243 km, 255 x 296 km, 333 x 359 km. Docked with Mir 12:51 GMT 23 December. 30 December moved to forward port.

  • 1987 December 29 - Landing of Soyuz TM-3. 

    Soyuz TM-3 undocked from Mir at 05:55 GMT and landed near Arkalyk at 09:16 GMT with the crew of Aleksandrov, Levchenko (Soyuz TM-4) and Romanenko (Soyuz TM-2) aboard.

  • 1988 January 20 - Progress 34.  Spacecraft: Progress. Mass: 7,078 kg (15,604 lb). Launch Site: Baikonur. Launch Vehicle: Soyuz 11A511U2.

    Unmanned resupply vessel to Mir. Docked on 23 Jan 1988 00:09:09 GMT. Undocked on 4 Mar 1988 03:40:09 GMT. Destroyed in reentry on 4 Mar 1988 07:29:30 GMT. Total free-flight time 2.21 days. Total docked time 41.15 days.

  • 1988 February 26 - EVA Mir EO-3-1.  Spacecraft: Mir.

    Completed solar array installation. Inspected exterior of station.

  • 1988 March 23 - Progress 35.  Spacecraft: Progress. Mass: 7,037 kg (15,513 lb). Launch Site: Baikonur. Launch Vehicle: Soyuz 11A511U2.

    Unmanned resupply vessel to Mir. Docked on 25 Mar 1988 22:21:35 GMT. Undocked on 5 May 1988 01:36:03 GMT. Destroyed in reentry on 5 May 1988 06:56:19 GMT. Total free-flight time 2.28 days. Total docked time 40.14 days.

  • 1988 May 10 - Mir News 032: Oncoming operations. 

    During the last weeks of April 1988 it was obvious that there had been some changes...more.

  • 1988 May 13 - Mir News 033: Progress-36 launched to Mir.. 

    Based on a report by TsUP to Manarov I expected the launch of Progress-36 in the...more.

  • 1988 May 13 - Progress 36.  Spacecraft: Progress. Mass: 7,077 kg (15,602 lb). Launch Site: Baikonur. Launch Vehicle: Soyuz 11A511U2.

    Unmanned resupply vessel to Mir. Rendezvous transfer orbits 185x246 km, 51. 66 deg; 223x334 km; 331x357 km. Docked with Mir on 15 May 1988 02:13:26 GMT. Undocked on 5 Jun 1988 11:11:55 GMT. Destroyed in reentry on 5 Jun 1988 21:18:40 GMT. Total free-flight time 2.49 days. Total docked time 21.37 days.

  • 1988 May 15 - Mir News 034: Progress-36 docked to Mir at 1213 UTC. 

    The execution of the docking operation 1 day later was very favourably for our geographical...more.

  • 1988 June 6 - Mir News 035: Progress-56 undocked on June 5.. 

    PROGRESS-56: This cargo ship was separated from the Mir station and destroyed. It...more.

  • 1988 June 7 - Soyuz TM-5.  Spacecraft: Soyuz TM. Mass: 7,000 kg (15,400 lb). Launch Site: Baikonur. Launch Vehicle: Soyuz 11A511U2.

    Transported to the Mir orbital station a Soviet/Bulgarian crew comprising cosmonauts A Y Solovyev, V P Savinykh and A P Aleksandrov (Bulgaria) to conduct joint research and experiments with cosmonauts V G Titov and M K Manarov. Interim orbit 343 x 282 km. Maneuvered to Mir's 355 x 349 km orbit. Docked 15:57 GMT 9 June to Mir's aft port. Moved to forward port 18 June.

  • 1988 June 17 - Landing of Soyuz TM-4. 

    Undocked 06:18 GMT 17 June 88. Soyuz TM-4 landed at 10:13 GMT, 202 km from Dzehezkazgan, with the crew of Aleksandrov Aleksandr, Savinykh and Solovyov aboard.

  • 1988 June 30 - EVA Mir EO-3-2.  Spacecraft: Mir.

    Began repair of TTM telescope.

  • 1988 July 18 - Progress 37.  Spacecraft: Progress. Mass: 7,065 kg (15,575 lb). Launch Site: Baikonur. Launch Vehicle: Soyuz 11A511U2.

    Unmanned resupply vessel to Mir. Rendezvous transfer orbits 187x256 km, 51. 62 deg; 235 x 319 km; 343 x 347 km. Docked with Mir on 20 Jul 1988 22:33:40 GMT. Refuelling operations on 7,8, and 9 August 1998. Undocked on 12 Aug 1988 08:31:54 GMT. Destroyed in reentry on 12 Aug 1988 13:45:40 GMT. Total free-flight time 2.27 days. Total docked time 22.42 days.

  • 1988 August 29 - Soyuz TM-6.  Spacecraft: Soyuz TM. Mass: 7,070 kg (15,580 lb). Launch Site: Baikonur. Launch Vehicle: Soyuz 11A511U2.

    Transported to the Mir orbital station a Soviet-Afghan crew comprising the cosmonauts V A Lyakhov, V V Polyakov and A A Momand (Afghanistan) to conduct joint research and experiments with the cosmonauts V G Titov and M K Manarov. Returned Manarov, Titov (Soyuz TM-4), Chretien (Soyuz TM-7) to Earth. Initial orbit 195 X 228 km at 51. 57 deg. Maneuvered to a 235 x 259 km orbit, then docked with Mir at 05:41 GMT on 31 August at its 339 x 366 km orbit. Moved from aft to forward port 8 Sept 88.

  • 1988 September 7 - Landing of Soyuz TM-5. 

    Undocked 22:55 GMT 5 September. Jettisoned Orbital Module 23:35 GMT 5 September. Planned landing 02:15 September 6 1988 failed due to confusion of infrared horizon sensors. Repeat retrofire attempt one orbit later resulted in a partial burn only. The crew had to spend a tense 24 hours in the cramped Descent Module (the Orbital Module having already been jettisoned before the retrofire burn) before making last chance deorbit. Finally Lyakhov and Afghani cosmonaut Mohmand (Soyuz TM-6) returned safely to Earth and landed September 7, 1988 00:50 GMT, 160 km SE Dzhezkazgan.

  • 1988 September 9 - Progress 38.  Spacecraft: Progress. Mass: 7,027 kg (15,491 lb). Launch Site: Baikonur. Launch Vehicle: Soyuz 11A511U2.

    Unmanned resupply vessel to Mir. During launch first test of Buran ejection seat was made during ascent to orbit. The K-36M.11F35 seat was installed in an 'experimental droppable compartment' installed in place of the Launch Escape Tower engine on top of the shroud. Rendezvous orbits 186 X 246 km, 51. 63 deg; 234 X 332 km, 337 X 363 km. Docked with Mir on 12 Sep 1988 01:22:28 GMT. Delivered 2,000 kg supplies including 300 kg of food. Refuelled Mir. Undocked on 23 Nov 1988 12:12:46 GMT. Destroyed in reentry on 23 Nov 1988 19:06:58 GMT. Total free-flight time 2.36 days. Total docked time 72.45 days.

  • 1988 October 20 - EVA Mir EO-3-3.  Spacecraft: Mir.

    Completed repair of TTM telescope. Tested new spacesuit.

  • 1988 November 26 - Soyuz TM-7.  Spacecraft: Soyuz TM. Mass: 7,000 kg (15,400 lb). Launch Site: Baikonur. Launch Vehicle: Soyuz 11A511U2.

    Mir Expedition EO-04. Carried Alexander Volkov, Sergei Krikalev, Jean-Loup Chretien to Mir; returned Volkov, Krikalev to Earth. Initial Orbit: 194 X 235 km. Thereafter maneuvered to rendezvous orbit 256 X 291 km before docking with Mir in 337 X 369 km at 17:16 GMT 28 November.

  • 1988 December 9 - EVA Mir EO-4-1.  Spacecraft: Mir.

    Deployed ERA (French experiment).

  • 1988 December 21 - Landing of Soyuz TM-6. 

    Soyuz TM-6 landed at 09:57 GMT with the crew of Chretien, Manarov and Titov Vladimir aboard. Undocked from Mir 21 December 1989 at 03:33 GMTwith the crew of Chretien, Manarov and Titov Vladimir aboard. Revised software installed as a result of TM-5 abort overloaded computer. Landing planned for 06:48 aborted. Backup program used. Orbital Module retained through retrofire. Landed December 21, 1988 09:57 GMT, 180 km SE of Dzhezkazgan.

  • 1988 December 25 - Progress 39.  Spacecraft: Progress. Mass: 7,015 kg (15,465 lb). Launch Site: Baikonur. Launch Vehicle: Soyuz 11A511U2.

    Unmanned resupply vessel to Mir. Made second test of Buran ejection seat during ascent to orbit. The K-36M.11F35 seat was installed in an 'experimental droppable compartment' installed in place of the Launch Escape Tower engine on top of the shroud. Rendezvous orbits 187 X 237 km, 51.63 deg; 236 X 338 km; 325 X 353 km at Mir. Delivered 1,300 kg cargo. Docked with Mir on 27 Dec 1988 05:35:10 GMT. Undocked on 7 Feb 1989 06:45:34 GMT. Destroyed in reentry on 7 Feb 1989 13:49:00 GMT. Total free-flight time 2.35 days. Total docked time 42.05 days.

  • 1989 February 10 - Progress 40.  Spacecraft: Progress. Mass: 7,022 kg (15,480 lb). Launch Site: Baikonur. Launch Vehicle: Soyuz 11A511U2.

    Unmanned resupply vessel to Mir. Conducted third test of Buran ejection seat during ascent to orbit. The K-36M.11F35 seat was installed in an 'experimental droppable compartment' installed in place of the Launch Escape Tower engine on top of the shroud. Docked with Mir on 12 Feb 1989 10:29:38 GMT. Undocked on 3 Mar 1989 01:45:52 GMT. Unfurled experimental space mirror petal structure on undocking. Destroyed in reentry on 5 Mar 1989 01:59:00 GMT. Total free-flight time 4.08 days. Total docked time 18.64 days.

  • 1989 March 16 - Progress 41.  Spacecraft: Progress. Mass: 6,995 kg (15,421 lb). Launch Site: Baikonur. Launch Vehicle: Soyuz 11A511U2.

    Unmanned resupply vessel to Mir. Conducted fourth test of Buran ejection seat during ascent to orbit. The K-36M.11F35 seat was installed in an 'experimental droppable compartment' installed in place of the Launch Escape Tower engine on top of the shroud. Delivered Bulgarian Spektr 256 spectrometer, power supplies for failed equipment. Docked with Mir on 18 Mar 1989 20:50:46 GMT. Between April 9 and 17 boosted Mir into a 373 X 416 km storage orbit after the decision was made to delay remanning the station. However these maneuvers resulted in the spacecraft running out of fuel. Undocked on 21 Apr 1989 01:46:15 GMT. Destroyed in uncontrolled decay of orbit on 25 Apr 1989 12:12:00 GMT. Total free-flight time 6.52 days. Total docked time 33.21 days.

  • 1989 April - Soyuz TM-8A (cancelled).  Spacecraft: Soyuz TM. Mass: 7,150 kg (15,760 lb).

    Planned flight to ensure continuous occupation cancelled due to budget cutbacks and delay in launching Kvant 2 and Kristall modules.

  • 1989 April 27 - Landing of Soyuz TM-7. 

    Soyuz TM-7 landed at 02:59 GMT with the crew of Krikalyov, Polyakov and Volkov Aleksandr aboard.

  • 1989 August 23 - Progress M-1.  Spacecraft: Progress M. Mass: 7,270 kg (16,020 lb). Launch Site: Baikonur. Launch Vehicle: Soyuz 11A511U2.

    Unmanned supply vehicle to Mir; first flight of new vehicle design. Tested on-board systems under different conditions and delivered expendable materials and sundry cargo to the Mir manned space station. Docked with Mir on 25 Aug 1989 05:19:02 GMT. Undocked on 1 Dec 1989 09:02:23 GMT. Destroyed in reentry on 1 Dec 1989 11:21:00 GMT. Total free-flight time 2.19 days. Total docked time 98.16 days.

  • 1989 September 5 - Soyuz TM-8.  Spacecraft: Soyuz TM. Mass: 7,150 kg (15,760 lb). Launch Site: Baikonur. Launch Vehicle: Soyuz 11A511U2.

    Manned two crew. Mir Expedition EO-05. Docked with Mir 8 September. Transported to the Mir orbital station a team consisting of A S Viktorenko, commander of the spacecraft, and A A Serebrov, on-board engineer, to carry out scientific and technological research and experiments. Flight cost 80 million rubles. Expected return 25 million rubles net profit.

  • 1989 November 26 - Kvant 2.  Spacecraft: Kvant-2. Mass: 19,565 kg (43,133 lb). Launch Site: Baikonur. Launch Vehicle: Proton 8K82K.

    Mir expansion module. Scheduled docking 2 December delayed due to failure of solar panel to extend and failure of automatic rendezvous system. Faults corrected by ground control and docked with Mir December 6, 1989 at 12:21 GMT. Transferred to lateral port December 8.
    Officially: Delivery to the Mir orbital station of additional equipment and apparatus for the purpose of expanding the research and experiments conducted in the interests of science and the national economy.

  • 1989 December 20 - Progress M-2.  Spacecraft: Progress M. Mass: 7,300 kg (16,000 lb). Launch Site: Baikonur. Launch Vehicle: Soyuz 11A511U2.

    Unmanned resupply vessel to Mir; carried US microgravity payload. Delivered various cargoes to the Mir orbital station, including scientific apparatus produced in the United States of America and intended, pursuant to a commercial agreement, for the conduct of experiments on space biotechnology. Docked with Mir on 22 Dec 1989 05:41:21 GMT. Undocked on 9 Feb 1990 02:33:07 GMT. Destroyed in reentry on 9 Feb 1990 07:56:00 GMT. Total free-flight time 2.31 days. Total docked time 48.87 days.

  • 1990 January 8 - EVA Mir EO-5-1.  Spacecraft: Mir.

    Installed star tracker.

  • 1990 January 11 - EVA Mir EO-5-2.  Spacecraft: Mir.

    Retrieved and installed material samples

  • 1990 January 26 - EVA Mir EO-5-3.  Spacecraft: Mir.

    Tested spacesuit. Examined exterior of Kvant 2.

  • 1990 February 1 - EVA Mir EO-5-4.  Spacecraft: Mir.

    Serebrov tested SPK manoeuvring unit.

  • 1990 February 5 - EVA Mir EO-5-5.  Spacecraft: Mir.

    Viktorenko tested SPK manoeuvring unit.

  • 1990 February 11 - Soyuz TM-9.  Spacecraft: Soyuz TM. Mass: 7,150 kg (15,760 lb). Launch Site: Baikonur. Launch Vehicle: Soyuz 11A511U2.

    Manned two crew. Mir Expedition EO-06. Docked with Mir. Transported to the Mir orbital station a crew comprising the cosmonauts A Y Solovyov and A N Balandin to conduct an extensive programme of geophysical and astrophysical research, experiments on biology and biotechnology and work on space materials science.

  • 1990 February 19 - Landing of Soyuz TM-8. 

    Soyuz TM-8 landed at 04:36 GMT.

  • 1990 February 28 - Progress M-3.  Spacecraft: Progress M. Mass: 7,249 kg (15,981 lb). Launch Site: Baikonur. Launch Vehicle: Soyuz 11A511U2.

    Unmanned resupply vessel to Mir. Docked with Mir on 3 Mar 1990 01:04:32 GMT. Undocked on 27 Apr 1990 20:24:43 GMT. Destroyed in reentry on 28 Apr 1990 00:52:00 GMT. Total free-flight time 2.26 days. Total docked time 55.81 days.

  • 1990 May 5 - Progress 42.  Spacecraft: Progress. Mass: 7,011 kg (15,456 lb). Launch Site: Baikonur. Launch Vehicle: Soyuz 11A511U2.

    Unmanned resupply vessel to Mir; last of original design Progress spacecraft. Conducted fifth and final test of Buran ejection seat during ascent to orbit. The K-36M.11F35 seat was installed in an 'experimental droppable compartment' installed in place of the Launch Escape Tower engine on top of the shroud. Docked with Mir on 7 May 1990 22:45:03 GMT. Undocked on 27 May 1990 07:08:58 GMT. Destroyed in reentry on 27 May 1990 12:27:30 GMT. Total free-flight time 2.31 days. Total docked time 19.35 days.

  • 1990 May 31 - Kristall.  Spacecraft: Kristall. Mass: 19,640 kg (43,290 lb). Launch Site: Baikonur. Launch Vehicle: Proton 8K82K.

    Mir module; materials processing laboratory. Docked with Mir. Kristall: Mass: 19,500 kg. Mass on docking 17,200 kg. Length: 11. 9 m or 13. 73 m?. Solar array span 36 m. Diameter: 4. 35 m. Payload: 7,000 kg. Two compartments. Instrument-Payload Compartment contains food containers, and industrial processing units Krater 3, Optizon 1, Zona 02, and Zona 03. 0. 8 m hatch leads to Junction-Docking compartment. This contains spherical universal docker with two APAS-89 androgynous docking units. These will be used to dock with Buran shuttle and 1,000 kg X-ray telescope to be delivered by Buran in 1991. Third opening houses earth observation cameras.
    Launch originally planned for 30 March 1990. Delayed to April 18, then further delayed due to computer chip problems.
    Launched 31 May 1990 12:33 GMT. Docking scheduled June 6 at 12:36 but delayed due to problem with one of Kristall's orientation engines. Docking successful 10 June at 12:47. On June 11 moved to side port. Work within module began 15 June.
    Spektr: Late 1991 launch. Remote sensing work. Occupies port opposite Kvant 2. Before this occurs Kristall solar arrays will be relocated to Kvant.
    Officially: Specialized module. Experimental-industrial production of semi-conducting materials; refinement of biologically active substances for the production of new medicinal preparations. Cultivation of crystals of different albumine compositions and hybridizatio n of cells. Conduct of astrophysical and technical experiments.

  • 1990 July 17 - EVA Mir EO-6-1.  Spacecraft: Mir.

    Repaired Soyuz TM-9 insulation rip.

  • 1990 July 26 - EVA Mir EO-6-2.  Spacecraft: Mir.

    Dismantled equipment. Temporarily closed damaged hatch.

  • 1990 August 1 - Soyuz TM-10.  Spacecraft: Soyuz TM. Mass: 7,150 kg (15,760 lb). Launch Site: Baikonur. Launch Vehicle: Soyuz 11A511U2.

    Manned two crew. Docked with Mir. Mir Expedition EO-07. Transported to the Mir manned orbital station the crew consisting of the cosmonauts G M Manakov and G M Strekalov for the purpose of carrying out a programme of geophysical and astrophysical research, biological and biotechnological experiments, and work on space-materials science.

  • 1990 August 9 - Landing of Soyuz TM-9. 

    Soyuz TM-9 landed at 07:35 GMT, 70 km from Arkalyk at 50 deg 51'E 67 deg 17' N.

  • 1990 August 15 - Progress M-4.  Spacecraft: Progress M. Mass: 7,294 kg (16,080 lb). Launch Site: Baikonur. Launch Vehicle: Soyuz 11A511U2.

    Unmanned resupply vessel to Mir. Delivered cables for rewiring operations and equipment for Soyuz TM-11 Japanese journalist flight. Docked with Mir on 17 Aug 1990 05:26:13 GMT. Undocked on 17 Sep 1990 12:42:43 GMT. Destroyed in reentry on 20 Sep 1990 11:42:49 GMT. Total free-flight time 5.02 days. Total docked time 31.30 days.

  • 1990 September 27 - Progress M-5.  Spacecraft: Progress M. Mass: 7,320 kg (16,130 lb). Launch Site: Baikonur. Launch Vehicle: Soyuz 11A511U2.

    Unmanned resupply vessel to Mir. Included first Progress recoverable capsule for return of 150 kg of payload to earth. Docked with Mir on 29 Sep 1990 12:26:50 GMT. Undocked on 28 Nov 1990 06:15:46 GMT. After deorbit burn, capsule separated for reentry with an expected landing in Kazakhstan at 28 Nov 1990 11:04:05 GMT. However the recoverable capsule's beacon signal was never received after reentry. All experimental data and materials in capsule lost. Total free-flight time 2.28 days. Total docked time 59.74 days.

  • 1990 October 29 - EVA Mir EO-7-1.  Spacecraft: Mir.

    Attempt to repair Kvant 2 hatch.

  • 1990 December 2 - Soyuz TM-11.  Spacecraft: Soyuz TM. Mass: 7,150 kg (15,760 lb). Launch Site: Baikonur. Launch Vehicle: Soyuz 11A511U2.

    Docked with Mir. Mir Expedition EO-08. Transported to the Mir manned orbital station the international crew consisting of the cosmonauts V M Afanasyev, M Kh Manarov, and T Akiyami (Japan) for the purpose of carrying out joint work with the cosmonauts G M Manakov and G M Strekalov. Launched jointly with the private Japanese company TBS. The Japanese television network ended up paying $ 28 million for the first commercial flight to Mir to put Akiyama, the first journalist in space aboard Soyuz TM-11. Akiyama made daily television broadcasts.

  • 1990 December 10 - Landing of Soyuz TM-10. 

    Soyuz TM-10 landed at 06:07 GMT, 69 km NW Arkalyk, with the crew of Akiyama, Manakov and Strekalov aboard.

  • 1991 January 7 - EVA Mir EO-8-1.  Spacecraft: Mir.

    Completed repair of Kvant 2 hatch.

  • 1991 January 14 - Progress M-6.  Spacecraft: Progress M. Mass: 7,125 kg (15,707 lb). Launch Site: Baikonur. Launch Vehicle: Soyuz 11A511U2.

    Unmanned resupply vessel to Mir. Delivered new life support equipment to replace life-expired equipment aboard. Docked with Mir on 16 Jan 1991 16:35:25 GMT. Undocked on 15 Mar 1991 12:46:41 GMT. Destroyed in reentry on 15 Mar 1991 18:07:26 GMT. Total free-flight time 2.30 days. Total docked time 57.84 days.

  • 1991 January 23 - EVA Mir EO-8-2.  Spacecraft: Mir.

    Installed Strela boom on Mir.

  • 1991 January 26 - EVA Mir EO-8-3.  Spacecraft: Mir.

    Installed solar array supports.

  • 1991 March 19 - Progress M-7.  Spacecraft: Progress M. Mass: 7,307 kg (16,109 lb). Launch Site: Baikonur. Launch Vehicle: Soyuz 11A511U2.

    Unmanned resupply vessel to Mir. Attempted to dock with Mir on 21 March 1998 14:28 GMT, but missed the station by 500 m. Docking attempted again on 23 March but at 50 meters the docking was aborted; the Progress missed hitting the station by five meters. Thereafter it was placed in a station-keeping co-orbit with Mir while the problem was diagnosed. Finally docked with Mir on 28 Mar 1991 12:02:28 GMT. On 12 and 14 Apr 1998 two burns of the engine of Progress M-7 raised the station's orbit from a 360 x 377 km orbit to a 370 x 382 km orbit. Undocked on 6 May 1991 22:59:36 GMT. Destroyed in reentry on 7 May 1991 17:20:05 GMT. Total free-flight time 9.72 days. Total docked time 39.46 days.

  • 1991 April 25 - EVA Mir EO-8-4.  Spacecraft: Mir.

    Inspected Kurs docking system antenna.

  • 1991 May 18 - Soyuz TM-12.  Spacecraft: Soyuz TM. Mass: 7,150 kg (15,760 lb). Launch Site: Baikonur. Launch Vehicle: Soyuz 11A511U2.

    Docked with Mir. Mir Expedition EO-09. Carried Anatoli Artsebarski, Sergei Krikalev, Helen Sharman to Mir; returned Artsebarski, crew of Soyuz TM 8 to Earth. Second commercial flight with paying British passenger. Sponsoring British consortium was not quite able to come up with money, however. Flight continued at Soviet expense with very limited UK experiments.

  • 1991 May 26 - Landing of Soyuz TM-11. 

    Soyuz TM-11 landed at 10:03 GMT with the crew of Afanasyev, Manarov and Sharman aboard.

  • 1991 May 30 - Progress M-8.  Spacecraft: Progress M. Mass: 7,296 kg (16,084 lb). Launch Site: Baikonur. Launch Vehicle: Soyuz 11A511U2.

    Unmanned resupply vessel to Mir. Docked with Mir on 1 Jun 1991 09:44:37 GMT. Undocked on 15 Aug 1991 22:16:59 GMT. Destroyed in reentry on 16 Aug 1991 06:56:32 GMT. Total free-flight time 2.43 days. Total docked time 75.52 days.

  • 1991 June 17 - Mak 1.  Spacecraft: Mak. Launch Site: Baikonur. Launch Vehicle: Proton 8K82K.

    Deployed from MIR 6/17/91. Launched from Mir airlock. Investigation of features at the Earth's atmosphere. Launched with the Mir orbital station.

  • 1991 June 25 - EVA Mir EO-9-1.  Spacecraft: Mir.

    Replaced Kurs docking system antenna.

  • 1991 June 28 - EVA Mir EO-9-2.  Spacecraft: Mir.

    Attached TREK cosmic ray collector to exterior of station.

  • 1991 July 15 - EVA Mir EO-9-3.  Spacecraft: Mir.

    Began Sofora girder construction. Sofora mounting platform installed.

  • 1991 July 19 - EVA Mir EO-9-4.  Spacecraft: Mir.

    Began assembly of Sofora girder.

  • 1991 July 23 - EVA Mir EO-9-5.  Spacecraft: Mir.

    Continued assembly of Sofora girder.

  • 1991 July 27 - EVA Mir EO-9-6.  Spacecraft: Mir.

    Completed assembly of Sofora girder.

  • 1991 August - Soyuz TM-13A (cancelled).  Spacecraft: Soyuz TM.

    Soyuz TM-13 and TM-14 crews were reshuffled extensively due to commercial considerations and necessity of flying a Kazakh cosmonaut. This was the original crew assignment. Kaleri and Avdeyev were replaced by Kazakh researchers in the final crew.

  • 1991 August 20 - Progress M-9.  Spacecraft: Progress M. Mass: 7,311 kg (16,117 lb). Launch Site: Baikonur. Launch Vehicle: Soyuz 11A511U2.

    Unmanned resupply vessel to Mir; carried reentry capsule for return of 150 kg of experiment results. Docked with Mir on 23 Aug 1991 00:54:17 GMT. Undocked on 30 Sep 1991 01:53:00 GMT. 350 kg return capsule detached from the Propess' orbital module at an altitude of 110 to 130 km. The capsule underwent a ballistic descent to 15 km, followed by a parachute descent from there to surface. The capsule's beacon began transmitting at 4.5 km. Landed in Kazakhstan on 30 Sep 1991 08:16:24 GMT. Total free-flight time 2.35 days. Total docked time 38.04 days.

  • 1991 October 2 - Soyuz TM-13.  Spacecraft: Soyuz TM. Mass: 7,150 kg (15,760 lb). Launch Site: Baikonur. Launch Vehicle: Soyuz 11A511U2.

    Manned three crew. Docked with Mir. Mir Expedition EO-10. Transported to the Mir manned orbital station an international crew comprising the cosmonauts A Volkov (USSR), T Aubakirov (USSR) and F. Viehbock (Austria), to conduct joint scientific and technical research with the cosmonauts A. Artsebarsky and S Krikalev. Austria paid $ 7 million for mission. Kazakh cosmonaut added at last minute.

  • 1991 October 10 - Landing of Soyuz TM-12. 

    Soyuz TM-12 landed at 04:11 GMT with the crew of Artsebarsky, Aubakirov and Viehboeck aboard.

  • 1991 October 17 - Progress M-10.  Spacecraft: Progress M. Mass: 7,306 kg (16,106 lb). Launch Site: Baikonur. Launch Vehicle: Soyuz 11A511U2.

    Unmanned resupply vessel to Mir. First attempted to dock with Mir on 19 October 1991. The docking was automatically aborted at a distance of 150 m from the station. Successfully docked with the forward port of Mir on on 21 Oct 1991 03:40:50 GMT. Unloading began next day. Undocked on 20 Jan 1992 07:13:44 GMT. Destroyed in reentry on 20 Jan 1992 12:03:30 GMT. Total free-flight time 4.35 days. Total docked time 91.15 days.

  • 1991 End - Soyuz TM-14A (cancelled).  Spacecraft: Soyuz TM.

    Soyuz TM-13 and TM-14 crews were reshuffled extensively due to commercial seat bookings by Austria and Germany and the necessity of flying a Kazakh-born cosmonaut as part of the Baikonur rental agreement. This was the original crew assignment. The Kazakh researchers were moved to the earlier Soyuz TM-13 flight.

  • 1991 End - Soyuz TM-14B (cancelled).  Spacecraft: Soyuz TM.

    Soyuz TM-13 and TM-14 crews were reshuffled extensively due to commercial seat bookings by Austria and Germany and the necessity of flying a Kazakh-born cosmonaut as part of the Baikonur rental agreement. This was the second crew assignment. The Kazakh researchers were moved to the earlier Soyuz TM-13 flight and paying German researchers took their place in the final crew.

  • 1991 December - Soyuz Buran Support (cancelled).  Spacecraft: Soyuz TM.

    Planned Soyuz flight to Mir. Main purpose was to provide spaceflight experience to Bachurin and Borodai, who had been selected as back-up crew of the first manned Buran flight. Cancelled in cut-backs after fall of the Soviet Union.

  • 1991 December 5 - Mir News 115: Mir solar panel damaged by space debris.. 

    On 4 Dec. 1991 during pass in orb. 33171 (1103 UTC) Volkov spoke with a Pyotr (might...more.

  • 1992 January 19 - Mir News 118: MOSCOW TIME. 

    For those monitoring Radio Moscow: last night Moscow time changed. The clocks have...more.

  • 1992 January 25 - Progress M-11.  Spacecraft: Progress M. Mass: 7,320 kg (16,130 lb). Launch Site: Baikonur. Launch Vehicle: Soyuz 11A511U2.

    Unmanned resupply vessel to Mir. Docked with Mir on 27 Jan 1992 09:30:43 GMT. Undocked on 13 Mar 1992 08:43:40 GMT. Destroyed in reentry on 13 Mar 1992 15:47:00 GMT. Total free-flight time 2.36 days. Total docked time 45.97 days.

  • 1992 February 20 - EVA Mir EO-10-1.  Spacecraft: Mir.

    Dismantled equipment.

  • 1992 February 21 - Mir News 122: Mir EVA. 

    The EVA started on 20 Febr. 1992 at 2010 UTC and lasted until 21 Febr. 1992 at 0022...more.

  • 1992 February 27 - Mir News 123: Russian Space Agency created. 

    YELSTIN SIGNED DECREE FOR THE ESTABLISHMENT OF THE R.K.A.:

    R.K.A. stands for Rossiyskoe...more.

  • 1992 March 17 - Soyuz TM-14.  Spacecraft: Soyuz TM. Mass: 7,150 kg (15,760 lb). Launch Site: Baikonur. Launch Vehicle: Soyuz 11A511U2.

    Mir Expedition EO-11. Joint flight with Germany. Docked at the Kvant rear port at 12:33 GMT on March 19.

  • 1992 March 25 - Landing of Soyuz TM-13. 

    Soyuz TM-13 landed at 08:51 GMT with the crew of Flade, Krikalyov and Volkov Aleksandr aboard.

  • 1992 April 19 - Progress M-12.  Spacecraft: Progress M. Mass: 7,320 kg (16,130 lb). Launch Site: Baikonur. Launch Vehicle: Soyuz 11A511U2.

    Unmanned resupply vessel to Mir. Docked with Mir on 21 Apr 1992 23:21:59 GMT. Undocked on 27 Jun 1992 21:34:44 GMT. Destroyed in reentry on 28 Jun 1992 00:02:51 GMT. Total free-flight time 2.18 days. Total docked time 66.93 days.

  • 1992 May 30 - Mir News 132: Experiments have priority.. 

    The cosmonauts o.b. Mir have been working on experiments instead of repairing and...more.

  • 1992 June 27 - Mir News 134: Progress-M13. 

    Launch of this freighter still on schedule for 30 June 1992. Russian spaceflight...more.

  • 1992 June 28 - Mir News 135: Progress-M12. 

    OPERATIONS CONCLUDED.

    To make the docking of the freighter Progress-M13 on 2 July...more.

  • 1992 June 30 - Progress M-13.  Spacecraft: Progress M. Mass: 7,320 kg (16,130 lb). Launch Site: Baikonur. Launch Vehicle: Soyuz 11A511U2.

    Unmanned resupply vessel to Mir. An initial docking attempt on 2 Jul 1992 was a failure. Docked with Mir on 4 Jul 1992 16:55:13 GMT. Undocked on 24 Jul 1992 04:14:00 GMT. Destroyed in reentry on 24 Jul 1992 08:03:35 GMT. Total free-flight time 4.17 days. Total docked time 19.47 days. It was docked to Mir for only a few weeks, since on 26 Jul the Soyuz TM-15 was to be launched with a replacement crew and would need to use the same docking port.

  • 1992 July 4 - Mir News 137: Progress-M13. 

    2D DOCKING ATTEMPT SUCCESSFUL ON 4 JULY 1992 AT 1707 UTC.

    During the first pass...more.

  • 1992 July 8 - EVA Mir EO-11-1.  Spacecraft: Mir.

    Inspected gyrodyne orientation flywheels.

  • 1992 July 27 - Soyuz TM-15.  Spacecraft: Soyuz TM. Mass: 7,150 kg (15,760 lb). Launch Site: Baikonur. Launch Vehicle: Soyuz 11A511U2.

    Mir Expedition EO-12. Russian astronauts Solovyov and Avdeev and French astronaut Tognini were inserted into an initial 190 x 200 km orbit inclined 51.6 deg. Later on July 27 they maneuvered to a 223 x 343 km orbit, and on July 28 docked with Mir in its 405 x 410 km orbit.

  • 1992 August 10 - Landing of Soyuz TM-14. 

    The Soyuz TM-14 crew, Aleksandr Viktorenko and Aleksandr Kaleri, returned to Earth together with French astronaut Michel Tognini. The Soyuz TM-14 undocked from Mir at 21:47 GMT on August 9, and landed in Kazakhstan at 01:07 GMT on August 10.

  • 1992 August 15 - Progress M-14.  Spacecraft: Progress M. Mass: 7,176 kg (15,820 lb). Launch Site: Baikonur. Launch Vehicle: Soyuz 11A511U2.

    Unmanned resupply vessel to Mir. Progress M-38 was specially modified to carry the first VDU (Vynosnaya Dvigatel'naya Ustanovka, External Engine Unit) propulsion unit. The VDU was mounted externally on a special structure between the cargo module and the service module, replacing the OKD fuel section present on normal Progress vehicles. The crew spacewalked to extract the VDU from Progress and place it on the end of the Sofora boom extending from the Kvant module. The VDU was used to provide attitude control capability for the Mir station. Docked with Mir on 18 Aug 1992 00:20:48 GMT. Undocked on 21 Oct 1992 16:46:01 GMT. Destroyed in reentry on 21 Oct 1992 23:12:00 GMT. Total free-flight time 2.35 days. Total docked time 64.68 days.

  • 1992 September 3 - EVA Mir EO-12-1.  Spacecraft: Mir.

    Began installation of VDU thruster pod on Sofora tower.

  • 1992 September 4 - Mir News 145: 1st Solovyov/Avdeyev. 

    This EVA started on 3.09.92 at 1330 UTC (opening hatch airlock Module-D) and ended...more.

  • 1992 September 7 - EVA Mir EO-12-2.  Spacecraft: Mir.

    Continued installation of VDU thruster pod on Sofora tower.

  • 1992 September 11 - EVA Mir EO-12-3.  Spacecraft: Mir.

    Completed installation of VDU thruster pod on Sofora tower.

  • 1992 September 15 - EVA Mir EO-12-4.  Spacecraft: Mir.

    Installed Kurs docking system antenna on Kristall module.

  • 1992 September 25 - Mir News 147: Mir-CREW. 

    After the installation of the VDU (Movements Control Motor) in the Sofora girder...more.

  • 1992 October 1 - Mir News 149: Problems with Mir-TsUP relays work Yevpatoriya.. 

    Disagreements between Russia and the Ukraine about the Black- sea fleet, the Crimea,...more.

  • 1992 October 27 - Progress M-15.  Spacecraft: Progress M. Mass: 7,250 kg (15,980 lb). Launch Site: Baikonur. Launch Vehicle: Soyuz 11A511U2.

    Unmanned resupply vessel to Mir. Docked with Mir on 29 Oct 1992 19:05:51 GMT. Undocked on 4 Feb 1993 00:44:53 GMT. After completion of the Znamya and autonomous operation experiments, destroyed in reentry on 7 Feb 1993 06:43:20 GMT. Total free-flight time 5.32 days. Total docked time 97.24 days.

  • 1992 October 27 - Mak 2.  Spacecraft: Mak. Launch Site: Baikonur. Launch Vehicle: Soyuz 11A511U2.

    Deployed from MIR on 11/20/92. Launched from Mir airlock. Conduct of experiments to study physical processes in the Earth's ionosphere. Small satellite launched from the Mir station.

  • 1992 October 27 - Znamya-2.  Launch Site: Baikonur. Launch Vehicle: Soyuz 11A511U2.

    Reflector mirror, deployed from Progress M-15 after separation from Mir space station.

  • 1993 January 24 - Soyuz TM-16.  Spacecraft: Soyuz TM. Mass: 7,150 kg (15,760 lb). Launch Site: Baikonur. Launch Vehicle: Soyuz 11A511U2.

    Manned two crew. Mir Expedition EO-13. Transported to the Mir manned orbital station a crew of the thirteenth main expedition comprising the cosmonauts G M Manakov and A F Poleschuk.The Soyuz carried the APAS androgynous docking system instead of the usual probe system.

  • 1993 February 1 - Landing of Soyuz TM-15. 

    Aleksandr Solovyov and Sergey Avdeyev undocked from the Mir complex aboard Soyuz TM-15 on February 1 and landed the same day in Kazakhstan after six months in space at 03:47 GMT. Soyuz TM-15's flight was an in-orbit record for a Soyuz spaceship - 188 days 21 h 39 m.

  • 1993 February 21 - Progress M-16.  Spacecraft: Progress M. Mass: 7,338 kg (16,177 lb). Launch Site: Baikonur. Launch Vehicle: Soyuz 11A511U2.

    Unmanned resupply vessel to Mir. Docked with Mir on 23 Feb 1993 20:17:57 GMT. Undocked on 26 Mar 1993 06:50:00 GMT. Redocked with Mir on 1993-03-26 07:06:03 GMT. Final undocking on 1993-03-27 04:21:00 GMT. Destroyed in reentry on 27 Mar 1993 10:25:00 GMT. Total free-flight time 2.33 days. Total docked time 31.32 days.

  • 1993 March 15 - Mir News 165: Mir-DAILY ROUTINE. 

    After the docking of freighter Progress-M16 the crew continued their reparation...more.

  • 1993 March 31 - Progress M-17.  Spacecraft: Progress M. Mass: 7,250 kg (15,980 lb). Launch Site: Baikonur. Launch Vehicle: Soyuz 11A511U2.

    Unmanned resupply vessel to Mir. Conducted docked and undocked longevity spacecraft longevity tests. Docked with Mir on 1 Apr 1993 05:16:18 GMT. Undocked on 11 Aug 1993 15:36:42 GMT. Destroyed in reentry over the South Atlantic on 3 Mar 1994 03:28:00 GMT. Total free-flight time 204.56 days. Total docked time 132.43 days.

  • 1993 April 19 - EVA Mir EO-13-1.  Spacecraft: Mir.

    Began installation of Kvant 1 solar array drive unit.

  • 1993 May 19 - Mir News 174: Progress-M18. 

    Launch postponed.

    During checks of the Soyuz-carrier rocket, which had to launch...more.

  • 1993 May 22 - Progress M-18.  Spacecraft: Progress M. Mass: 7,348 kg (16,199 lb). Launch Site: Baikonur. Launch Vehicle: Soyuz 11A511U2.

    Unmanned resupply vessel to Mir. Last launch using Soyuz-U2 launch vehicle. Docked with Mir's front port on 24 May 1993 08:24:44 GMT. In addition to other supplies, carried repair equipment for a spacewalk device damaged a month before. Undocked on 3 Jul 1993 15:58:16 GMT, with Soyuz TM-17 docking at the same port only minutes later at 17:45 GMT. Meanwhile, Progress M-17 remained docked to the Kvant rear port on a longevity test. Progress M-18 was destroyed in reentry on 4 Jul 1993 17:13:00 GMT. Total free-flight time 3.12 days. Total docked time 40.31 days.

  • 1993 June 18 - EVA Mir EO-13-2.  Spacecraft: Mir.

    Completed installation of Kvant 1 solar array drive unit.

  • 1993 July 1 - Soyuz TM-17.  Spacecraft: Soyuz TM. Mass: 7,150 kg (15,760 lb). Launch Site: Baikonur. Launch Vehicle: Soyuz 11A511U2.

    Mir Expedition EO-14. Carried Vasili Tsibliyev, Alexander Serebrov, Jean-Pierre Haignere to Mir; returned Serebrov, Tsibliyev to Earth. Progress M-18 undocked from Mir's front port at around 17:25 GMT on July 3, and Soyuz TM-17 docked at the same port only 20 minutes later at 17:45 GMT.

  • 1993 July 1 - Mir News 177: Soyuz-TM17 launched from Baykonur. 

    On 1 July 1993 at 1433 UTC the transport ship Soyuz-TM17 was launched for a flight...more.

  • 1993 July 4 - Mir News 178: Soyuz-TM17 docked to Mir space station. 

    This ship with on board the relief crew and the Frenchman Haignere docked to Mir...more.

  • 1993 July 15 - Mir News 179: MISSION ALTAIR. 

    This French scientific mission goes according to plan. Haignere stated that all...more.

  • 1993 July 16 - Mir News 180: Movements of Progress-M's and Soyuz-TM's. 

    Movements of Progress-M's and Soyuz-TM's in the near future:

    Progress-M18: Will...more.

  • 1993 July 22 - Mir News 181: Soyuz-TM16. 

    SAFE AND SOFT LANDING AT 064200 UTC.

    Soyuz-TM16 landed safely in near the city...more.

  • 1993 July 22 - Landing of Soyuz TM-16. 

    Soyuz TM-16 landed at 06:41 GMT with the crew of Haignere, Manakov and Polishchuk aboard.

  • 1993 July 26 - Mir News 182: Ham-work during successfully accomplished Altair mission. 

    Jean-Pierre, F6Mir, was an enthusiastic and skilled amateur. In this field he did...more.

  • 1993 August 6 - Mir News 183: Exchange of freighters. 

    Progress-M19: The launch date of this freighter for the Mir station has been put...more.

  • 1993 August 10 - Progress M-19.  Spacecraft: Progress M. Mass: 7,250 kg (15,980 lb). Launch Site: Baikonur. Launch Vehicle: Soyuz 11A511U.

    Unmanned resupply vessel to Mir. Docked with Mir at the Kvant rear port on 13 Aug 1993 00:00:06 GMT. Undocked on 13 Oct 1993 17:59:06 GMT. Destroyed in reentry on 19 Oct 1993 00:22:14 GMT. Total free-flight time 7.33 days. Total docked time 61.75 days.

  • 1993 August 11 - Mir News 184: Progress-M19. 

    This freighter has been launched from Baykonur on 10.08.93 at 2223 UTC (for Moscow...more.

  • 1993 August 13 - Mir News 185: Progress-M19 docked to Mir-space station. 

    This freighter with food, water, fuel, post, spare parts, etc. docked to the forward...more.

  • 1993 September 14 - Mir News 186: SPACE-WALKS (EVA-S). 

    Some weeks ago TsUP announced that the 3 EVA-s, which had been planned for Sept....more.

  • 1993 September 16 - EVA Mir EO-14-1.  Spacecraft: Mir.

    Began installation of Rapana truss.

  • 1993 September 17 - Mir News 187: First spacewalk (EVA) cosmonauts Mir. 

    Tsibliyev and Serebrov executed their first EVA on 16.09.93. At 0435 UTC they crawled...more.

  • 1993 September 20 - EVA Mir EO-14-2.  Spacecraft: Mir.

    Completed installation of Rapana truss.

  • 1993 September 20 - Mir News 188: 2d Spacewalk (EVA) Mir-Crew. 

    Tsibliyev and Serebrov concluded the installation of the Rapan pillar during a relatively...more.

  • 1993 September 22 - Mir News 189: 3d Spacewalk (EVA) put back. 

    Until 22.09.93 the cosmonauts made preparations for an EVA on 24.09.93. During that...more.

  • 1993 September 28 - EVA Mir EO-14-3.  Spacecraft: Mir.

    Installed material samples and retrieved experiment packages. Documented external condition of Mir.

  • 1993 September 28 - Mir News 190: 3d Spacewalk (EVA) Mir crew. 

    The crew of the 14th Main Expedition Mir made their 3d EVA on 28.09.93. Planned...more.

  • 1993 October 8 - Mir News 191: Progress-M17. 

    This freighter undocked from Mir after the launch of Progress-M19 on 10.08.93. (So...more.

  • 1993 October 11 - Progress M-20.  Spacecraft: Progress M. Mass: 7,250 kg (15,980 lb). Launch Site: Baikonur. Launch Vehicle: Soyuz 11A511U.

    Unmanned resupply vessel to Mir, carried a Raduga reentry capsule for return of experimental materials to earth. Docked with Mir on 13 Oct 1993 23:24:46 GMT. Undocked on 21 Nov 1993 02:38:43 GMT. Capsule landed in Kazakhstan on 21 Nov 1993 09:06:00 GMT. Total free-flight time 2.35 days. Total docked time 38.13 days.

  • 1993 October 12 - Mir News 192: Progress-M20. 

    The launch of this freighter took place on 11.10.93 at 2133 UTC (for the Russians,...more.

  • 1993 October 14 - Mir News 193: Progress-M20 DOCKED TO Mir. 

    This freighter docked to Mir's aft docking port (Kvant-1) on 13.10.93 at 2325 UTC....more.

  • 1993 October 21 - Mir News 194: 4th Spacewalk (EVA). 

    This EVA has been put forward and will take place on 22.10.93. The crew will open...more.

  • 1993 October 22 - EVA Mir EO-14-4.  Spacecraft: Mir.

    Retrieved micrometeoroid detectors.

  • 1993 October 23 - Mir News 195: 4th Spacewalk (EVA) Mir-crew on 22.10.93. 

    This EVA started earlier than was expected. The hatch swung open at abt. 1535 UTC....more.

  • 1993 October 29 - EVA Mir EO-14-5.  Spacecraft: Mir.

    Installed equipment on exterior of Mir

  • 1993 October 30 - Mir News 196: 5th Spacewalk (EVA) Mir-crew on 29.10.93. 

    The crew opened the hatch at 1338 UTC and closed this behind them at 1750 UTC, so...more.

  • 1993 November 16 - Mir News 197: Progress-M20. 

    For some time the Mir-crew is preparing the freighter Progress- M20 for its last...more.

  • 1993 November 21 - Mir News 198: Progress-M20. 

    Orbit correction: On 17.11.93 during orbit 44300 the engines of Progress-M20 corrected...more.

  • 1993 December 10 - Mir News 199: Progress-M21. 

    For a long time we expected the launch of the freighter towards the end of November...more.

  • 1994 January 6 - Mir News 201: Soyuz-TM18. 

    The launch of this ship with the relief crew of 3 will take place from Baykonur...more.

  • 1994 January 8 - Soyuz TM-18.  Spacecraft: Soyuz TM. Mass: 7,150 kg (15,760 lb). Launch Site: Baikonur. Launch Vehicle: Soyuz 11A511U2.

    Mir Expedition EO-15. Docked at the Kvant module on January 10 at 11:15 GMT. Transported to the Mir orbital station of a crew comprising the cosmonauts V M Afanasev, Y V Usachev, and V V Polyakov for the fifteenth main expedition.

  • 1994 January 9 - Mir News 202: Soyuz-TM18 blasted off for flight to Mir. 

    Soyuz-TM18 has been launched from Baykonur on 8.01.94 at 1005 UTC. All went well...more.

  • 1994 January 11 - Mir News 203: Soyuz-TM18 docked with the Mir-space station.. 

    On 10.01.94 at 1050 UTC Soyuz-TM18 docked to the Mir-station. Approach and docking...more.

  • 1994 January 14 - Landing of Soyuz TM-17. 

    Soyuz TM-17 landed at 08:24 GMT with the EO-14 crew of Serebrov and Tsibliyev aboard.

  • 1994 January 15 - Mir News 204: Soyuz-TM17 returned to earth. 

    On 14.01.1994 at 0819 UTC (08 hrs 18 mins 20 secs) the return capsule of the Soyuz-TM18...more.

  • 1994 January 24 - Mir News 205: Soyuz-TM18 flown from aft to forward docking port . 

    Mir-station:

    This operation was on schedule for 21.01.94 but was put back to 24.01.94....more.

  • 1994 January 28 - Progress M-21.  Spacecraft: Progress M. Mass: 7,130 kg (15,710 lb). Launch Site: Baikonur. Launch Vehicle: Soyuz 11A511U.

    Unmanned resupply vessel to Mir. Docked with Mir on 30 Jan 1994 03:56:13 GMT. Undocked on 23 Mar 1994 01:20:29 GMT. Destroyed in reentry on 23 Mar 1994 05:13:00 GMT. Total free-flight time 2.23 days. Total docked time 51.89 days.

  • 1994 January 29 - Mir News 206: Progress-M21 launched. 

    The freighter Progress-M21 was launched from Baykonur on 28.01.94 at 0213 UTC. Already...more.

  • 1994 January 31 - Mir News 207: Progress-M21 docked to the Mir-space station. 

    On 30.01.94 at 0356 UTC (03 hrs 56 mins 14 secs) the freighter Progress-M21 docked...more.

  • 1994 February 11 - Mir News 208: Mir again can be montiored. 

    For a period of almost a fortnight Mir passed over here during the night hours and...more.

  • 1994 March 15 - Mir News 209: Launch Progress-M22 postponed. 

    This freighter was on schedule to be launched on 16 or 18.03. Due to very bad weather...more.

  • 1994 March 22 - Progress M-22.  Spacecraft: Progress M. Mass: 7,103 kg (15,659 lb). Launch Site: Baikonur. Launch Vehicle: Soyuz 11A511U.

    Unmanned resupply vessel to Mir. Launched into an initial 192 x 238 x 51.6 km orbit. Docked with Mir on 24 Mar 1994 06:39:37 GMT. Fired its engine around 15 May to raise the orbit of the Mir station from 381 x 400 km to 398 x 399 km. Undocked on 23 May 1994 00:58:38 GMT. Destroyed in reentry on 23 May 1994 04:40:00 GMT. Total free-flight time 2.23 days. Total docked time 59.76 days.

  • 1994 March 23 - Mir News 210: Progress-M22. 

    This freighter will be launched from Baykonur on 22.03.94 at 0454 UTC for a flight...more.

  • 1994 March 25 - Mir News 211: Progress-M22 launched. 

    The freighter Progress-M22 has been launched from Baykonur on 22.03- .94 at 0454...more.

  • 1994 March 26 - Mir News 212: Progress-M21 separated from the Mir-space station. 

    As of 30.01.94 this freighter occupied the aft (Kvant-1) docking port of the complex....more.

  • 1994 May 10 - Mir News 213: Mir-operations. 

    After the docking of Progress-M22 to the Mir-station the passes gradually shifted...more.

  • 1994 May 17 - Mir News 214: Mir-operations. 

    On 16.05.94 the engines of the Progress-M22, still docked to the Mir-space station,...more.

  • 1994 May 22 - Progress M-23.  Spacecraft: Progress M. Mass: 7,117 kg (15,690 lb). Launch Site: Baikonur. Launch Vehicle: Soyuz 11A511U.

    Unmanned resupply vessel to Mir, with Raduga return capsule. Docked with Mir on 24 May 1994 06:18:35 GMT. Undocked on 2 Jul 1994 08:46:49 GMT. The braking engine was ignited at 14:44 GMT, and the Raduga VBK reentry capsule was ejected at 14:55:45 GMT. The Progress burnt up in the atmosphere at 14:57 GMT. The Raduga deployed its parachute after reentry and landed on 2 Jul 1994 15:09:00 GMT at 51 deg 41 min N, 59 deg 21 min E, in the Orenburg region. Total free-flight time 2.34 days. Total docked time 39.10 days.

  • 1994 May 25 - Mir News 215: Progress-M23. 

    This freighter has been launched from Baykonur on 22.05.94 at 0430 UTC. During the...more.

  • 1994 June 25 - Mir News 216: Soyuz-TM19. 

    The launch of this ship had been put back several times due to problems with the...more.

  • 1994 July 1 - Soyuz TM-19.  Spacecraft: Soyuz TM. Mass: 7,150 kg (15,760 lb). Launch Site: Baikonur. Launch Vehicle: Soyuz 11A511U2.

    Mir Expedition EO-16. Soyuz TM-19 docked at the rear port of the Kvant module (vacated by Progress M-23 on July 2) at 13:55:01 GMT on July 3.

  • 1994 July 1 - Mir News 217: Soyuz-TM19 launched for flight to Mir. 

    Soyuz-TM19 started from Baykonur on 1.07.94 at 1224 UTC.

    Soyuz-TM19 has a crew...more.

  • 1994 July 3 - Mir News 218: Soyuz-TM19 docked to Mir-space station. 

    Soyuz-TM19 docked to the aft docking port (Kvant-1) on 3.07.94 at 1355 UTC, so 9...more.

  • 1994 July 9 - Mir News 219: Soyuz-TM18 safely landed in Kazakhstan.. 

    The relieved cosmonauts Afanasyev and Usachov landed with the Descent Module of...more.

  • 1994 July 9 - Landing of Soyuz TM-18. 

    Soyuz TM-18 landed at 10:32 GMT, 110 km north of Arkalyk in Kazakhstan, with the crew of Afanasyev and Usachyov aboard.

  • 1994 July 17 - Mir News 220: Progress-M24. 

    The launch of this freighter has been put back. Originally 2 Progress-M's had to...more.

  • 1994 July 25 - Mir News 221: Russian spaceflight tracking ships.. 

    Until 1992 the fleet of tracking ships consisted of ten ships. These ships formed...more.

  • 1994 July 30 - Mir News 222: Radio-amateur information. 

    Info for Radio-amateurs trying to make QSO's with Mir:

    On 30 July 1994 during...more.

  • 1994 August 16 - Mir News 223: Mir-operations. 

    These days Mir's passes for our position take place during the night-hours. During...more.

  • 1994 August 25 - Progress M-24.  Spacecraft: Progress M. Mass: 7,250 kg (15,980 lb). Launch Site: Baikonur. Launch Vehicle: Soyuz 11A511U.

    Unmanned resupply vessel to Mir. Failed to dock with Mir on 27 Aug 1994. A second automatic docking attempt on 30 Aug 1994 also failed and the Progress collided with the Kvant module. A third and final attempt, manually controlled by Mir commander Yuriy Malenchenko, was successful on 2 Sep 1994 13:30:28 GMT. The Mir commander and flight engineer, Yuriy Malenchenko and Talgat Musabaev, made a spacewalk on 9 Sep 1994 to inspect the damage to the Kvant module made when the Progress collided with Kvant. Undocked on 4 Oct 1994 18:55:52 GMT, leaving the rear docking port free for Soyuz TM-20. Destroyed in reentry over the Pacific at 38.4 deg S, 137.4 deg W,on 4 Oct 1994 22:43:00 GMT. Total free-flight time 8.12 days. Total docked time 32.23 days.

  • 1994 August 25 - Mir News 224: Progress-M24. 

    A Soyuz carrier with the freighter Progress-M24 blasted off from Baykonur on 25.08.94...more.

  • 1994 August 27 - Mir News 225: Progress-M24. 

    During the preparations for the docking of this freighter to the Mir-complex something...more.

  • 1994 August 31 - Mir News 226: Progress-M24. 

    The 2d attempt to dock this freighter to Mir also did fail. The estimated docking...more.

  • 1994 September 2 - Mir News 227: Progress M-24 docks to Mir.. 

    TO BE ALLOWED TO TRY THREE TIMES RUNNING IS BUT FAIR!!

    The 3d attempt to dock...more.

  • 1994 September 6 - Mir News 228: Spacewalks (EVA's). 

    The delay in the arrival of the freighter Progress-M24 will not cause significant...more.

  • 1994 September 9 - EVA Mir EO-16-1.  Spacecraft: Mir.

    Repaired station external insulation. Checked docking port.

  • 1994 September 13 - EVA Mir EO-16-2.  Spacecraft: Mir.

    Checked out equipment on exterior of Mir.

  • 1994 September 13 - Mir News 229: 2 Spacewalks (EVA-s). 

    On 9.09.1994 Malenchenko and Musabayev worked in open space for the first time....more.

  • 1994 September 29 - Mir News 230: Soyuz-TM20. 

    The preparations for the launch of this ship with the relief crew and the Euromir94...more.

  • 1994 October 3 - Soyuz TM-20.  Spacecraft: Soyuz TM. Mass: 7,150 kg (15,760 lb). Launch Site: Baikonur. Launch Vehicle: Soyuz 11A511U2.

    Mir Expedition EO-17. Docked at the Mir forward port at 00:28 on 1994 October 6. The Mir crew of Viktorenko, Kondakova and Polyakov boarded Soyuz TM-20 on January 11, and undocked from Mir's front port at 09:00 GMT. The spacecraft withdrew to about two hundred metres from Mir and then redocked in a test of the automatic Kurs system, which had failed in Progress M-24's attempted docking. Redocking came at 09:25 GMT.

  • 1994 October 4 - Mir News 231: Soyuz-TM20 launched.. 

    The Soyuz-TM20 with on board the Euromir94 astronaut Merbold and the cosmonauts...more.

  • 1994 October 6 - Mir News 232: Soyuz-TM20 docked at the Mir complex. 

    Soyuz-TM20 docked at the Mir complex on 6.10.94 at 0028 UTC.

    Soyuz-TM20 docked...more.

  • 1994 October 13 - Mir News 233: Failure power supply on board Mir. 

    In the night from 11 to 12.10.94 the voltage of the power supply sharply decreased....more.

  • 1994 October 31 - Mir News 234: Soyuz-TM19. 

    This ship with on board the cosmonauts Malenchenko, Musabayev and Merbold will return...more.

  • 1994 November 2 - Mir News 235: Soyuz-TM19. 

    On 2.11.94 from 1040-1116 UTC this ship made an autonomous flight to test the automatic...more.

  • 1994 November 4 - Mir News 236: Soyuz-TM19 returned to earth.. 

    Soyuz-TM19 with on board the cosmonauts Malenchenko, Musabayev and Merbold landed...more.

  • 1994 November 4 - Landing of Soyuz TM-19. 

    Soyuz TM-19 undocked from Mir with the crew of Malenchenko, Merbold and Musabayev aboard at 07:29 GMT on November 4. The Soyuz instrument module (PAO, priborno-agregatniy otsek) fired its deorbit engine, and was jettisoned together with the orbital module (BO, bitovoy otsek) at 10:51 GMT, with entry interface for the descent module (SA, spuskaemiy apparat) at 10:54. It landed 170 km north-east of Arkalyk in Kazakhstan on 1994 November 4 at 11:18 GMT.

  • 1994 November 9 - Mir News 237: Progress-M25. 

    The launch of this freighter from Baykonur is on schedule for 11 November 1994 at...more.

  • 1994 November 11 - Progress M-25.  Spacecraft: Progress M. Mass: 7,125 kg (15,707 lb). Launch Site: Baikonur. Launch Vehicle: Soyuz 11A511U.

    Unmanned resupply vessel to Mir. Docked with Mir on 13 Nov 1994 09:04:29 GMT. Undocked on 16 Feb 1995 13:03:00 GMT. Destroyed in reentry on 16 Feb 1995 16:45:00 GMT. Total free-flight time 2.23 days. Total docked time 95.17 days.

  • 1994 November 11 - Mir News 238: Progress-M25 launched for flight to Mir.. 

    The freighter Progress-M25 blasted off from Baykonur on 11.11.94 at 0721 UTC for...more.

  • 1994 November 13 - Mir News 239: Progress-M25 docked at Mir-space station.. 

    The freighter P-M25 docked at Mir's aft (Kvant-1) docking port on 13.11.94 at 0904...more.

  • 1994 Late or Early 1995 - Buran 5 (cancelled).  Spacecraft: Buran.

    Buran Flight 5 (3K1) would have been the first flight of the third orbiter. It would be the first manned Buran flight; the third orbiter was the first outfitted with life support systems and ejection seats. Two cosmonauts would deliver the 37KBI module to Mir, using the Buran manipulator arm to dock it to the station's Kristall module. Final crew selection had still not been made at the time the program was cancelled.

  • 1994 December 20 - Mir News 240: After Euromir94 and the docking of the freighter. 

    Progress-M25 there have been no important operations. During the last 10 days the...more.

  • 1995 January 11 - Mir News 241: Autonomous test flight Soyuz-TM20. 

    On 11.01.1995 between 0900 and 0925 UTC the Soyuz-TM20 flew autonomously to test...more.

  • 1995 January 26 - Mir News 242: Mir. 

    The Mir-crew is still struggling along to keep the complex habitable and operational....more.

  • 1995 February 3 - STS-63.  Spacecraft: Discovery. Mass: 8,641 kg (19,050 lb). Launch Site: Cape Canaveral. Launch Vehicle: Shuttle.

    Deployed ODERACS 2A-2E; deployed and retrieved Spartan 204. Discovery rendezvoused with Russia's space station, Mir, to a distance of 11 m and performed a fly-around, but did not dock with Mir. Payloads: SPACEHAB 03, Shuttle Pointed Autonomous Research Tool for Astronomy (SPARTAN) 204, Cryo Systems Experiment (CSE)/GLO-2 Experi-ment Payload (CGP)/Orbital Debris Radar Calibration Spheres (ODERACS) 2, Solid Surface Combustion Experiment (SSCE), Air Force Maui Optical Site (AMOS), IMAX Cargo Bay Camera (ICBC)

  • 1995 February 11 - Mir News 243: Discovery-Mir. 

    The rendezvous operation got sufficient attention in the media. So I refrain from...more.

  • 1995 February 11 - Landing of STS-63. 

    STS-63 landed at 11:51 GMT.

  • 1995 February 12 - Mir News 244: Mir-routine. 

    Mir's passes within our range are gradually shifting to the late evening hours....more.

  • 1995 February 15 - Progress M-26.  Spacecraft: Progress M. Mass: 7,139 kg (15,738 lb). Launch Site: Baikonur. Launch Vehicle: Soyuz 11A511U.

    Unmanned resupply vessel to Mir. Docked with Mir on 17 Feb 1995 18:21:34 GMT. Undocked on 15 Mar 1995 02:26:38 GMT. Destroyed in reentry over the Pacific Ocean on 15 Mar 1995 06:15:00 GMT. Total free-flight time 2.22 days. Total docked time 25.34 days.

  • 1995 February 15 - Mir News 245: Progress-M26 launched. 

    Correction on MirNEWS.244 Read Progress-M26 instead of Progress-M27.

    Progress-M26...more.

  • 1995 February 17 - Mir News 246: Successful docking Progress-M26 at Mir. 

    Freighter Progress-M26 docked at the aft (Kvant-1) docking port of the Mir-complex...more.

  • 1995 March 14 - Soyuz TM-21.  Spacecraft: Soyuz TM. Mass: 7,150 kg (15,760 lb). Launch Site: Baikonur. Launch Vehicle: Soyuz 11A511U2.

    Mir Expedition EO-18. Soyuz TM-21 carried the EO-18 Mir crew and American Norman Thagard. Thagard was the first American to be launched in a Soyuz. Soyuz docked with Mir at 07:45:26 GMT on March 16 . On July 4 Soyuz TM-21 undocked and backed off to a distance of 100 m from Mir. The US space shuttle Atlantis, with the EO-18 crew aboard, then undocked and began a flyaround at a distance of 210 m, while the EO-19 crew aboard Soyuz took pictures before redocking with the station. Soyuz TM-21 again undocked with the EO-19 crew on September 11 from the Kvant rear port on Mir and landed at 50 deg 41'N 68 deg 15'E, 108 km northeast of Arkalyk in Kazakhstan, at 06:52:40 GMT .

  • 1995 March 16 - Mir News 247: Flight of Soyuz-TM21. 

    Launch from Baykonur on 14.03.1995 at 0611 UTC; docking to the Mir-station on 16.03.1995...more.

  • 1995 March 22 - Mir News 248: Soyuz-TM20 returned to Earth. 

    The Soyuz-TM20 made a safe landing at abt 50 KM from the city Arkalyk in Kazakhstan...more.

  • 1995 March 22 - Landing of Soyuz TM-20. 

    Soyuz TM-20 landed 22 km northeast of Arkalyk in Kazakhstan at 04:04 GMT with crew of Viktorenko, Kondakova and Polyakov aboard.

  • 1995 April 6 - Mir News 249: Progress-M27. 

    On 9.04.1995 at 2133 UTC this freighter will be launched from Baykonur for a flight...more.

  • 1995 April 9 - Progress M-27.  Spacecraft: Progress M. Mass: 7,170 kg (15,800 lb). Launch Site: Baikonur. Launch Vehicle: Soyuz 11A511U.

    Unmanned resupply vessel to Mir; carried GFZ-1 German sub-satellite to Mir. Docked with Mir on 11 Apr 1995 21:00:44 GMT. Undocked on 22 May 1995 23:42:37 GMT. Destroyed in reentry on 23 May 1995 03:27:52 GMT. Total free-flight time 2.22 days. Total docked time 41.11 days.

  • 1995 April 12 - Mir News 250: Progress-M27. 

    This freighter started from Baykonur on 9.04.95 at 1933 UTC. After a 2-days flight...more.

  • 1995 April 19 - GFZ-1.  Spacecraft: GFZ-1. Mass: 20 kg (44 lb). Launch Site: Baikonur. Launch Vehicle: Soyuz 11A511U.

    Geodetic; carried retroreflectors for ground laser ranging; delivered to Mir on Progress M-27 and deployed from Mir 4/19/95 .

  • 1995 April 20 - Mir News 251: GFZ-1 launched by Mir-crew. 

    On 19.04.1995 at 1912 UTC this spherical microsat (21 CM diameter, mass 20 KG) has...more.

  • 1995 May 8 - Mir News 252: Spacewalks (EVA-s). 

    The data for the 1st two EVA-s are: 12 and 17.05.1995. After these 2 EVA-s there...more.

  • 1995 May 12 - EVA Mir EO-18-1.  Spacecraft: Mir.

    Retracted solar array.

  • 1995 May 12 - Mir News 253: 1st Spacewalk (EVA). 

    Today the cosmonauts Dezhurov and Strekalov had their first EVA during this expedition....more.

  • 1995 May 16 - Mir News 254: 2d Spacewalk (EVA) Mir-crew. 

    The crew of the 18th Main Expedition, Dezhurov and Strekalov, will do their 2d EVA...more.

  • 1995 May 17 - EVA Mir EO-18-2.  Spacecraft: Mir.

    Began installation of solar array.

  • 1995 May 17 - Mir News 255: 2d Spacewalk (EVA) Mir crew. 

    The Russian crew members of the 18th Main Exp. to Mir, Duzhurov and Strekalov, did...more.

  • 1995 May 18 - Mir News 256: Intercalated Spacewalk (EVA). 

    During their 2d EVA on 17.05.1995 the cosmonauts were not able to accomplish their...more.

  • 1995 May 20 - Spektr.  Spacecraft: Spektr. Mass: 19,640 kg (43,290 lb). Launch Site: Baikonur. Launch Vehicle: Proton 8K82K.

    MIR experiment module. Docked to Mir Jun 1
    Officially: Docked to Mir Jun 1

  • 1995 May 22 - EVA Mir EO-18-3.  Spacecraft: Mir.

    Completed installation of solar array.

  • 1995 May 22 - Mir News 257: 3d Spacewalk (EVA) Mir-crew on 22.05.95. 

    The EVA lasted from 0010 UTC (opening of the hatch) until 0525 UTC (closing of the...more.

  • 1995 May 23 - Mir News 258: Progress-M27 separated from Mir and decayed. 

    The freighter Progress-M27 undocked from Mir on 22.05.1995 at 23.29.30 UTC and decayed...more.

  • 1995 May 26 - Mir News 259: Schedule for operations in period from 26.05 until 3.06.1995.. 

    Redocking of Kristall module from -Y axis to -X axis:

    In the night from 26 to...more.

  • 1995 May 28 - EVA Mir EO-18-4.  Spacecraft: Mir.

    Repositioned docking adapter.

  • 1995 June 1 - Mir News 260: SPEKTR linked up with the Mir-complex. 

    The 20-tons technological module Spektr docked automatically and without any problems...more.

  • 1995 June 2 - EVA Mir EO-18-5.  Spacecraft: Mir.

    Repositioned docking adapter.

  • 1995 June 5 - Mir News 261: 5th Spacewalk (EVA) Mir-crew. 

    On 1.06.1995 (for Moscow time already 2.06.1995) from 2204- 2229 UTC the Mir-crew...more.

  • 1995 June 13 - Mir News 262: Redocking Kristall-module. 

    The air seal problems with the joint between Kristall and the transition section...more.

  • 1995 June 15 - Mir News 263: 6th Spacewalk (EVA). 

    During a meeting at Noordwijk Space Expo Kondakova told me that the EVA planned...more.

  • 1995 June 17 - Mir News 264: Planned spacewalk (EVA) cancelled. 

    This EVA already had been put back once from 15 to 16.06.1995, but has now been...more.

  • 1995 June 27 - STS-71.  Spacecraft: Atlantis. Mass: 12,191 kg (26,876 lb). Launch Site: Cape Canaveral. Launch Vehicle: Shuttle.

    Mir Expedition EO-19. Transferred Budarin, Solovyov to Mir, returned Soyuz TM-21 crew to Earth. After undocking from Mir on July 4, Atlantis spent several days on orbit, carrying out medical research work with the Spacelab-Mir module in the cargo bay. Payloads: Shuttle/Mir Mission 1, Spacelab-Mir, IMAX camera, Shuttle Amateur Radio Experiment (SAREX).

  • 1995 July 7 - Landing of STS-71. 

    STS-71 landed at 14:55 GMT with the crew of Baker, Dezhurov, Dunbar, Gibson, Harbaugh, Precourt, Strekalov and Thagard aboard.

  • 1995 July 11 - Mir News 265: Resumed. 

    Just returned from the United States, where I was during the launch, docking, separation...more.

  • 1995 July 14 - EVA Mir EO-19-1.  Spacecraft: Mir.

    Repaired solar array. Inspected exterior of station.

  • 1995 July 17 - Mir News 266: 1st Spacewalk (EVA) Mir-19 crew. 

    Solovyov and Budarin made their 1st EVA on 14.07.1995 from 0356-0930 UTC. They fully...more.

  • 1995 July 19 - EVA Mir EO-19-2.  Spacecraft: Mir.

    Retrieved TREK detector.

  • 1995 July 20 - Progress M-28.  Spacecraft: Progress M. Mass: 7,125 kg (15,707 lb). Launch Site: Baikonur. Launch Vehicle: Soyuz 11A511U.

    Unmanned resupply vessel to Mir. Docked with Mir's front port on 22 Jul 1995 04:39:37 GMT. Undocked on 4 Sep 1995 05:09:53 GMT. Destroyed in reentry on 4 Sep 1995 08:58:55 GMT. Total free-flight time 2.22 days. Total docked time 44.02 days. Two Icons of Saint Anastasia were taken into space aboard the craft and transferred to the Mir station where they remained for about seven months. They were returned to earth, apparently aboard Soyuz TM-22, and later shown in diffent shrines around the world.

  • 1995 July 20 - Mir News 267: 2d Spacewalk (EVA) Mir-19 crew. 

    Solovyov and Budarin made their 2d Spacewalk from 0039-0347 UTC. They did not accomplish...more.

  • 1995 July 21 - EVA Mir EO-19-3.  Spacecraft: Mir.

    Installed Miras spectrometer.

  • 1995 July 22 - Mir News 268: 3d Spacewalk (EVA) Mir-19 crew. 

    This EVA took place on 21.07.1995 from 0030-0605 UTC. The main task of the crew...more.

  • 1995 August 26 - Mir News 269: Euromir'95. 

    The launch from Baykonur of Soyuz-TM22 is still on schedule for 3.09.95 at 0900...more.

  • 1995 September 3 - Soyuz TM-22.  Spacecraft: Soyuz TM. Mass: 7,150 kg (15,760 lb). Launch Site: Baikonur. Launch Vehicle: Soyuz 11A511U2.

    Mir Expedition EO-20. Crew commander was Yuriy Pavlovich Gidzenko of the Russian Air Force. Flight engineer was Sergey Vasilyevich Avdeev of RKK Energiya, and cosmonaut-researcher was Thomas Reiter of the European Space Agency. Soyuz TM-22 docked with Mir's front (-X) port at 10:29:54 GMT on September 5 and the hatch was opened at 11:01:23.

  • 1995 September 4 - Mir News 270: Soyuz-TM22 launched from Baykonur.. 

    This ship with on board the crew for the 20d Main Expedition to Mir and the Euromir'95...more.

  • 1995 September 11 - Landing of Soyuz TM-21. 

    Soyuz TM-21 landed at 06:52 GMT with the crew of Budarin and Solovyov aboard.

  • 1995 October 8 - Progress M-29.  Spacecraft: Progress M. Mass: 7,122 kg (15,701 lb). Launch Site: Baikonur. Launch Vehicle: Soyuz 11A511U.

    Unmanned resupply vessel to Mir. Launched into an initial 194 x 242 km x 51.7 deg orbit. Docked with Mir's rear of the Kvant module port on 10 Oct 1995 20:32:40 GMT (Soyuz TM-22 was docked to the front port). Undocked on 19 Dec 1995 09:15:05 GMT. Destroyed in reentry on 19 Dec 1995 16:15:00 GMT. Total free-flight time 2.36 days. Total docked time 69.53 days.

  • 1995 October 20 - EVA Mir EO-20-1.  Spacecraft: Mir.

    Sample cassettes installed in ESEF (European Science Exposure Facility).

  • 1995 November 12 - STS-74.  Spacecraft: Atlantis. Mass: 6,134 kg (13,523 lb). Launch Site: Cape Canaveral. Launch Vehicle: Shuttle.

    Rendezvoused and docked with Mir space station on November 15. Delivered the Russian-built 316GK Shuttle-Mir docking module to Mir.Payloads: Shuttle-Mir Mission 2; docking module with two attached solar arrays; IMAX Cargo Bay Camera (ICBC); Glow Experiment (GLO-4)/ Photogrammetric Appendage Structural Dynamics Experiment (PASDE) Payload (GPP); Shuttle Amateur Radio Experiment (SAREX) II.

  • 1995 November 12 - Mir-Shuttle Docking Module.  Spacecraft: Mir-Shuttle Docking Module. Mass: 6,134 kg (13,523 lb). Launch Site: Cape Canaveral. Launch Vehicle: Shuttle.

    Atlantis rendezvoused and docked with Mir space station on Nov 15. After departure the Russian-built 316GK Shuttle-Mir docking module remained attached to Mir to provide easier docking capability in the future.

  • 1995 November 20 - Landing of STS-74. 

    STS-74 landed at 17:02 GMT.

  • 1995 December 8 - EVA Mir EO-20-2.  Spacecraft: Mir.

    Repositioned docking adapter.

  • 1995 December 18 - Progress M-30.  Spacecraft: Progress M. Mass: 7,068 kg (15,582 lb). Launch Site: Baikonur. Launch Vehicle: Soyuz 11A511U.

    Unmanned resupply vessel to Mir. Docked with Mir on 20 Dec 1995 16:10:15 GMT. Undocked on 22 Feb 1996 07:30:02 GMT. Destroyed in reentry on 22 Feb 1996 11:02:36 GMT. Total free-flight time 2.22 days. Total docked time 63.64 days.

  • 1996 February 8 - EVA Mir EO-20-3.  Spacecraft: Mir.

    Retrieved and installed material samples

  • 1996 February 21 - Soyuz TM-23.  Spacecraft: Soyuz TM. Mass: 7,150 kg (15,760 lb). Launch Site: Baikonur. Launch Vehicle: Soyuz 11A511U.

    Mir Expedition EO-21. Soyuz TM-23 docked with Mir at 14:20:35 on February 23.

  • 1996 February 29 - Landing of Soyuz TM-22. 

    Soyuz TM-22 landed at 10:42 GMT.

  • 1996 March 15 - EVA Mir EO-21-1.  Spacecraft: Mir.

    Telescopic boom installed.

  • 1996 March 22 - STS-76.  Spacecraft: Atlantis. Mass: 6,753 kg (14,887 lb). Launch Site: Cape Canaveral. Launch Vehicle: Shuttle.

    Shuttle-Mir Mission 3. Docked with the Mir space station 24 March 1996; Shannon Lucid was left on Mir for an extended stay. First American EVA on Mir. Payloads: SPACEHAB/Mir 03; KidSat; Shuttle Amateur Radio Experiment (SAREX) II, Configuration M; RME 1304—Mir/ Environmental Effects Payload (MEEP); orbiter docking system RME 1315; Trapped Ions in Space Experiment (TRIS); Extravehicular Activity Development Flight Test (EDFT) 04.

  • 1996 March 27 - EVA STS-76-1.  Spacecraft: Mir.

    Attached MEEP materials exposure experiment to outside of Mir (retrieved on STS-86).

  • 1996 March 31 - Landing of STS-76. 

    STS-76 landed at 13:28 GMT with the crew of Chilton, Clifford, Godwin, Searfoss and Sega aboard.

  • 1996 April 2 - Mir News 296: American EVA outside Mir. 

    The EVA made by Clifford and Godwin on 27.03.96 lasted 6 hrs and 2 mins. The Mir...more.

  • 1996 April 15 - Mir News 297: Mir. 

    Plans for the near future:

    The first operation will be the launch of the module...more.

  • 1996 April 22 - Mir News 298: Launch Priroda. 

    The planned launch date/time for the Module Priroda is 23.04. 1996 at 11hrs 48mins...more.

  • 1996 April 23 - Priroda.  Spacecraft: Priroda. Mass: 19,000 kg (41,000 lb). Launch Site: Baikonur. Launch Vehicle: Proton 8K82K.

    LEO. Remote sensing module for Mir space station Docked with Mir Apr 26.

  • 1996 April 24 - Mir News 299: Launch Priroda. 

    The Priroda module blasted off from Baykonur on 23.04.1996 at 11.48.50 UTC, so 7...more.

  • 1996 April 26 - Mir News 300: Priroda successfully docked with Mir. 

    After an automatic approach guided by the system Kurs Priroda linked up with Mir...more.

  • 1996 April 30 - Mir News 301: Priroda. 

    On 27.04.96 Priroda has been redocked from the -X to the +Z axis. This operation...more.

  • 1996 May 4 - Mir News 302: Progress-M31. 

    The launch of this freighter has been put forward to 5.05.1996 at 0704 UTC. If all...more.

  • 1996 May 5 - Progress M-31.  Spacecraft: Progress M. Mass: 7,140 kg (15,740 lb). Launch Site: Baikonur. Launch Vehicle: Soyuz 11A511U.

    Unmanned resupply vessel to Mir. Delivered 1,140 kg of fuel and 1,700 kg of cargo to the Mir complex. Docked with Mir on 7 May 1996 08:54:19 GMT. Undocked on 1 Aug 1996 16:44:54 GMT. Destroyed in reentry over the Pacific on 1 Aug 1996 20:33:03 GMT. Total free-flight time 2.23 days. Total docked time 86.33 days.

  • 1996 May 7 - Mir News 303: Launch Progress-M31. 

    The freighter Progress-M31 was launched from Baykonur on 5.05.96 at 07.04.18 UTC....more.

  • 1996 May 17 - Mir News 304: 2d Spacewalk (EVA) crew Mir's 21 Main Expedition. 

    This EVA will be the 1st of a series of 3, still to be done by this crew. The EVA...more.

  • 1996 May 20 - EVA Mir EO-21-2.  Spacecraft: Mir.

    Installed MCSA solar array.

  • 1996 May 21 - Mir News 305: 2d Spacewalk (EVA) crew 21st Main Expedition to MI. 

    The EVA began on 20.05.96 at 2250 UTC (opening hatch) and ended on 21.05.96 at 0410...more.

  • 1996 May 24 - EVA Mir EO-21-3.  Spacecraft: Mir.

    Deployed MCSA solar array.

  • 1996 May 25 - Mir News 306: 3d Spacewalk (EVA) crew 21st Main Expedition Mir. 

    The cosmonauts Onufriyenko and Usachov made this EVA between 24.05 at 2047 UTC and...more.