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Hydrogen peroxide solutions are clear, astringent, colorless liquids which are slightly more viscous than water. They are described by Military Specification MIL-H-16005. High-strength hydrogen peroxide solutions are very reactive oxidising agents. Hydrogen peroxide is miscible in all proportions in water; it is soluble in a large number of organic liquids which are also soluble in water. However, many of these mixtures form explosive mixtures. Hydrogen peroxide-water solutions are normally insensitive to detonation by shock or impact. Surfaces that come in contact with hydrogen peroxide must be specially treated (passivated) before use, to prevent the decomposition of the hydrogen peroxide. Hydrogen peroxide-water solutions and their vapours are considered non-toxic, but are characterised by their ability to produce local irritation.
Hydrogen peroxide is manufactured commercially by several processes. Inorganic processes employ the electrolysis of an aqueous solution of sulphuric acid or acidic ammonium bisulphate, followed by hydrolysis of the peroxydisulfate which is formed. For reasons of economy and flexibility of plant location, organic processing methods have become important in the production of hydrogen peroxide. These include (1) the autoxidation of hydroquinone or one of its homologues in a suitable solvent system and (2) the partial gas-phase oxidation of hydrocarbons.
Dilute aqueous hydrogen peroxide is concentrated to about 90 per cent by conventional distillation. Higher-strength solutions are prepared by fractional crystallisation of 90 per cent feed stock. Estimated United States production for 1959 was 50,000 tonnes based upon 100 per cent hydrogen peroxide. In large quantities, 95 per cent hydrogen peroxide then cost approximately $1.00 per kg. In small drum lots, 98 per cent solutions cost $ 2.00 per kg. Density varies: 1.44 g/cc for 100% H2O2, 1.43 for 98%, 2.42 for 96%, 1.33 for 75%.
Hydrogen peroxide solutions are clear, astringent, colorless liquids which are slightly more viscous than water. They are described by Military Specification MIL-H-16005. High-strength hydrogen peroxide solutions are very reactive oxidising agents. Hydrogen peroxide is miscible in all proportions in water; it is soluble in a large number of organic liquids which are also soluble in water. However, many of these mixtures form explosive mixtures. Hydrogen peroxide-water solutions are normally insensitive to detonation by shock or impact. Surfaces that come in contact with hydrogen peroxide must be specially treated (passivated) before use, to prevent the decomposition of the hydrogen peroxide. Hydrogen peroxide-water solutions and their vapours are considered non-toxic, but are characterised by their ability to produce local irritation.
Hydrogen peroxide is manufactured commercially by several processes. Inorganic processes employ the electrolysis of an aqueous solution of sulphuric acid or acidic ammonium bisulphate, followed by hydrolysis of the peroxydisulfate which is formed. For reasons of economy and flexibility of plant location, organic processing methods have become important in the production of hydrogen peroxide. These include (1) the autoxidation of hydroquinone or one of its homologues in a suitable solvent system and (2) the partial gas-phase oxidation of hydrocarbons.
Dilute aqueous hydrogen peroxide is concentrated to about 90 per cent by conventional distillation. Higher-strength solutions are prepared by fractional crystallisation of 90 per cent feed stock. Estimated United States production for 1959 was 50,000 tonnes based upon 100 per cent hydrogen peroxide. In large quantities, 95 per cent hydrogen peroxide then cost approximately $1.00 per kg. In small drum lots, 98 per cent solutions cost $ 2.00 per kg. Density varies: 1.44 g/cc for 100% H2O2, 1.43 for 98%, 1.42 for 96%, 1.33 for 75%.
Fuel: H2O2. Fuel: H2O2. Fuel: H2O2. Fuel: H2O2. Fuel: H2O2. Propellant Formulation: H2O2-100% monopropellant. Propellant Formulation: H2O2-90% monopropellant. Propellant Formulation: H2O2-95% monopropellant. Propellant Formulation: H2O2-98% monopropellant. Propellant Formulation: H2O2-75% monopropellant. Optimum Oxidizer to Fuel Ratio: 1. Optimum Oxidizer to Fuel Ratio: 1. Optimum Oxidizer to Fuel Ratio: 1. Optimum Oxidizer to Fuel Ratio: 1. Optimum Oxidizer to Fuel Ratio: 1. Temperature of Combustion: 1,285 deg K. Temperature of Combustion: 1,015 deg K. Temperature of Combustion: 1,165 deg K. Temperature of Combustion: 1,225 deg K. Temperature of Combustion: 630 deg K. Ratio of Specific Heats: 1.25. Density: 1.45 g/cc. Density: 1.43 g/cc. Density: 1.33 g/cc. Density: 1.40 g/cc. Density: 1.42 g/cc. Characteristic velocity c: 1,045 m/s (3,428 ft/sec). Characteristic velocity c: 740 m/s (2,420 ft/sec). Characteristic velocity c: 930 m/s (3,050 ft/sec). Characteristic velocity c: 1,000 m/s (3,200 ft/sec). Characteristic velocity c: 1,020 m/s (3,340 ft/sec). Isp Shifting: 162 sec. Fuel Density: 1.440 g/cc. Fuel Density: 1.440 g/cc. Fuel Density: 1.440 g/cc. Fuel Density: 1.440 g/cc. Fuel Density: 1.440 g/cc. Fuel Freezing Point: -1 deg C. Fuel Freezing Point: -1 deg C. Fuel Freezing Point: -1 deg C. Fuel Freezing Point: -1 deg C. Fuel Freezing Point: -1 deg C. Fuel Boiling Point: 150 deg C. Fuel Boiling Point: 150 deg C. Fuel Boiling Point: 150 deg C. Fuel Boiling Point: 150 deg C. Fuel Boiling Point: 150 deg C.
Location: 930.
Specific impulse: 117 s.
Specific impulse sea level: 117 s.