Baikonur LC31
Area 31 - Launch Site: Baikonur. Launch Pads: 1. Latitude: 45.9820 N. Longitude: 63.5560 E. Molniya 8K78, Molniya 8K78M, Polyot 11A59, R-7, R-7A, Soyuz 11A511, Soyuz 11A511L, Soyuz 11A511U, Soyuz 11A511U2, Voskhod 11A57, Vostok 11A510, Vostok 8A92, Vostok 8A92M.

  • 1961 January 14 01:19 - R-7A II-1 operational test launch Launch Vehicle: R-7A. Apogee: 1,000 km (600 mi). Some sources say first launch from LC31 was not until 27 February.
  • 1961 February 13 04:39 - R-7A II-2 operational test launch Launch Vehicle: R-7A. R-7A L1-3T Apogee: 1,000 km (600 mi). Some sources say first launch from LC31 was not until 27 February.
  • 1961 February 27 00:52 - Operational missile test Launch Vehicle: R-7. R-7 L2-1 Apogee: 1,000 km (600 mi).
  • 1961 April 14 - R-7A II-3 Test mission Launch Vehicle: R-7A. Failure.. Failure occurred only two days after Yuri Gagarin's flight.
  • 1961 June 15 05:45 - R-7A II-4 Test mission Launch Vehicle: R-7A. R-7A E15001-06 Apogee: 1,000 km (600 mi).
  • 1961 July 4 20:20 - R-7A II-6 Test mission Launch Vehicle: R-7A. R-7A L2-2 Apogee: 1,000 km (600 mi). Two launches from one launch complex in the same day.
  • 1961 July 4 04:00 - R-7A II-5 Test mission Launch Vehicle: R-7A. R-7A L2-4 Apogee: 1,000 km (600 mi).
  • 1961 September 21 - R-7A II-7 Test mission Launch Vehicle: R-7A. R-7A E15003-03 Apogee: 1,000 km (600 mi). R-7A readiness verification test.
  • 1963 - Combat training launch Launch Vehicle: R-7A. Apogee: 1,000 km (600 mi).
  • 1963 - Combat training launch Launch Vehicle: R-7A. Apogee: 1,000 km (600 mi).
  • 1963 - Combat training launch Launch Vehicle: R-7A. Apogee: 1,000 km (600 mi).
  • 1963 November 1 08:56 - Polet 1; Polyot 1 Launch Vehicle: Polyot 11A59. Sputnik 11A59 E15003-02A Apogee: 1,420 km (880 mi). ASAT interceptor control and propulsion test. Launched by Korolev R-7 because Chelomei's own UR-200 was not yet available. Purpose - elaboration of system providing for the extensive manoeuvring of space apparatuses. Flight was considered a great success. Micro-engine fired 350 times and main stabilizing engine fired 300 times. Orbit given is final orbit after manoeuvres.
  • 1964 April 4 09:36 - Cosmos 28 Launch Vehicle: Vostok 8A92. Vostok 8A92 G15001-04 Apogee: 373 km (231 mi). Area survey photo reconnaissance satellite.
  • 1964 April 12 09:21 - Polet 2; Polyot 2 Launch Vehicle: Polyot 11A59. Sputnik 11A59 T15001-01A Apogee: 479 km (297 mi). ASAT interceptor control and propulsion test. Elaboration of systems providing for the extensive manouevring of space apparatuses.
  • 1964 April 25 10:19 - Cosmos 29 Launch Vehicle: Vostok 8A92. Vostok 8A92 R15001-01 Apogee: 292 km (181 mi). Area survey photo reconnaissance satellite.
  • 1964 June 10 10:48 - Cosmos 32 Launch Vehicle: Vostok 8A92. Vostok 8A92 R15001-02 Apogee: 322 km (200 mi). Area survey photo reconnaissance satellite.
  • 1964 June 23 10:19 - Cosmos 33 Launch Vehicle: Vostok 8A92. Vostok 8A92 G15001-05 Apogee: 279 km (173 mi). Area survey photo reconnaissance satellite.
  • 1964 July 15 11:31 - Cosmos 35 Launch Vehicle: Vostok 8A92. Vostok 8A92 R15001-03 Apogee: 258 km (160 mi). Area survey photo reconnaissance satellite.
  • 1964 August 14 09:36 - Cosmos 37 Launch Vehicle: Vostok 8A92. Vostok 8A92 R15001-04 Apogee: 240 km (140 mi). Area survey photo reconnaissance satellite. Program partially completed. Break in the film fof the SA-10 camera.
  • 1964 August 28 16:19 - Cosmos 44 Launch Vehicle: Vostok 8A92M. Vostok 8A92M T15000-05 Apogee: 778 km (483 mi). Investigation of the upper atmosphere and outer space.
  • 1964 September 24 12:00 - Cosmos 46 Launch Vehicle: Vostok 8A92. Vostok 8A92 R15001-05 Apogee: 264 km (164 mi). Area survey photo reconnaissance satellite. Demonstration launch witnessed by Khrushchev.
  • 1964 October 14 09:50 - Cosmos 48 Launch Vehicle: Vostok 8A92. Vostok 8A92 R15002-01 Apogee: 284 km (176 mi). Area survey photo reconnaissance satellite. Program partially completed. Returned early due to failure of spacecraft thermoregulation system; internal temperature rose to 43 degrees C.
  • 1964 October 28 10:48 - Cosmos 50 Launch Vehicle: Vostok 8A92. Vostok 8A92 R15002-02 Apogee: 232 km (144 mi). Area survey photo reconnaissance satellite. Unsuccessful mission. Failure of the braking engine system. Spacecraft ordered to self destruct.
  • 1965 January 11 09:36 - Cosmos 52 Launch Vehicle: Vostok 8A92. Vostok 8A92 R15002-03 Apogee: 298 km (185 mi). Area survey photo reconnaissance satellite.
  • 1965 February 22 07:40 - Cosmos 57 Launch Vehicle: Voskhod 11A57. Voskhod 11A57 R15000-03 Apogee: 708 km (439 mi). Unsuccessful mission. Voskhod 2 test. Immediately after orbital insertion airlock and spacesuit inflated normally. Then two ground control stations sent commands to the spacecraft simultaneously. The combined signals accidentally set off the retrofire sequence, which some time later triggered the self destruct mechanism (designed to prevent the spacecraft from falling into enemy hands).
    Officially: Investigation of the upper atmosphere and outer space.
  • 1965 February 26 05:02 - Cosmos 58 Launch Vehicle: Vostok 8A92M. Vostok 8A92M R15000-09 Apogee: 345 km (214 mi). Probable weather satellite. Investigation of the upper atmosphere and outer space.
  • 1965 March 7 09:07 - Cosmos 59 Launch Vehicle: Voskhod 11A57. Voskhod 11A57 R15001-05 Apogee: 321 km (199 mi). High resolution photo reconnaissance satellite; returned film capsule fitted with airlock mating ring planned for Voskhod-2 spacecraft.
  • 1965 March 25 10:04 - Cosmos 64 Launch Vehicle: Vostok 8A92. Vostok 8A92 G15001-06 Apogee: 250 km (150 mi). Area survey photo reconnaissance satellite.
  • 1965 April 17 09:50 - Cosmos 65 Launch Vehicle: Voskhod 11A57. Voskhod 11A57 G15000-11 Apogee: 315 km (195 mi). High resolution photo reconnaissance satellite; returned film capsule; also carried weather experiments.
  • 1965 May 7 09:50 - Cosmos 66 Launch Vehicle: Vostok 8A92. Vostok 8A92 R15002-04 Apogee: 397 km (246 mi). Returned after 8 days. Unsuccessful mission. Parachute deployment failure. Spacecraft destroyed in crash.
  • 1965 May 25 10:48 - Cosmos 67 Launch Vehicle: Voskhod 11A57. Voskhod 11A57 R15001-04 Apogee: 351 km (218 mi). High resolution photo reconnaissance satellite; returned film capsule
  • 1965 June 15 10:04 - Cosmos 68 Launch Vehicle: Vostok 8A92. Vostok 8A92 U15001-01 Apogee: 306 km (190 mi). Area survey photo reconnaissance satellite.
  • 1965 July 13 - Zenit-2 11F61 s/n 28 Launch Vehicle: Vostok 8A92. Second stage guidance failure.. Vostok 8A92 R15002-05 Area survey photo reconnaissance satellite.
  • 1965 August 3 11:02 - Cosmos 77 Launch Vehicle: Voskhod 11A57. Voskhod 11A57 U15001-01 Apogee: 281 km (174 mi). High resolution photo reconnaissance satellite; returned film capsule
  • 1965 August 14 11:16 - Cosmos 78 Launch Vehicle: Vostok 8A92. Vostok 8A92 U15001-02 Apogee: 379 km (235 mi). Area survey photo reconnaissance satellite.
  • 1965 September 9 09:36 - Cosmos 85 Launch Vehicle: Voskhod 11A57. Voskhod 11A57 R15001-02 Apogee: 291 km (180 mi). High resolution photo reconnaissance satellite; returned film capsule
  • 1965 September 23 09:07 - Cosmos 91 Launch Vehicle: Voskhod 11A57. Voskhod 11A57 R15001-03 Apogee: 324 km (201 mi). High resolution photo reconnaissance satellite; returned film capsule
  • 1965 October 16 08:09 - Cosmos 92 Launch Vehicle: Voskhod 11A57. Voskhod 11A57 U15001-04 Apogee: 331 km (205 mi). High resolution photo reconnaissance satellite; returned film capsule; also carried weather and biological experiments.
  • 1965 October 28 08:24 - Cosmos 94 Launch Vehicle: Voskhod 11A57. Voskhod 11A57 U15001-03 Apogee: 271 km (168 mi). High resolution photo reconnaissance satellite; returned film capsule; also carried biological experiments.
  • 1965 November 12 05:02 - Venera 2 Launch Vehicle: Molniya 8K78M. Apogee: 315 km (195 mi). Venera 2 was launched towards the planet Venus and carried a TV system and scientific instruments. On February 27, 1966, the spacecraft passed Venus at a distance of 24,000 km and entered a heliocentric orbit. The spacecraft system had ceased to operate before the planet was reached and returned no data.
  • 1965 November 16 04:19 - Venera 3 Launch Vehicle: Molniya 8K78M. Venera 3 was launched towards the planet Venus. The mission was to land on the Venusian surface. The entry vehicle contained a radio communication system, scientific instruments, electrical power sources, and medallions bearing the coat of arms of the U.S.S.R. The station impacted Venus on March 1, 1966. However, the communications systems had failed before planetary data could be returned.
  • 1965 November 23 03:21 - Cosmos 96 Launch Vehicle: Molniya 8K78M. At T+528 sec, during the final thrust phase of the Block I's 8D715K engine, one of the combustion chambers blew up due to a tear in the fuel pipeline. This resulted in an abnormal separation of the upper stages.. Apogee: 296 km (183 mi). The escape stage Block L entered parking orbit tumbling and was not able to operate properly.
  • 1965 November 27 08:24 - Cosmos 98 Launch Vehicle: Vostok 8A92. Vostok 8A92 U15001-05 Apogee: 547 km (339 mi). Area survey photo reconnaissance satellite.
  • 1965 December 3 10:46 - Luna 8 Launch Vehicle: Molniya 8K78. Molniya 8K78 U103-28 Lunar soft landing attempt failed. Luna 8's objectives were to test a soft lunar landing system and scientific research. Weighing 1,552 kg (3,422 lbs), the spacecraft was following a trajectory close to the calculated one and the equipment was functioning normally. However, the retrofire was late, and the spacecraft impacted the lunar surface in the Sea of Storms. Tass reported that "the systems were functioning normally at all stages of the landing except the final touchdown." The mission did complete the experimental development of the star-orientation system and ground control of radio equipment, flight trajectory, and other instrumentation.
  • 1965 December 10 08:09 - Cosmos 99 Launch Vehicle: Vostok 8A92. Vostok 8A92 U15001-04 Apogee: 309 km (192 mi). Area survey photo reconnaissance satellite.
  • 1965 December 17 02:24 - Cosmos 100 Launch Vehicle: Vostok 8A92M. Vostok 8A92M R15000-31 Apogee: 547 km (339 mi). Probable weather satellite. Investigation of the upper atmosphere and outer space.
  • 1965 December 27 22:19 - Cosmos 102 Launch Vehicle: Vostok 11A510. Soyuz 11A510 G15000-01 Apogee: 267 km (165 mi). Prototype RORSAT hardware using chemical batteries in place of nuclear reactor.
  • 1966 January 7 08:24 - Cosmos 104 Launch Vehicle: Vostok 8A92. Apogee: 379 km (235 mi). Area survey photo reconnaissance satellite. Program not completely met. Spacecraft put into incorrect orbit by abnormal function of second and third stages of booster.
  • 1966 January 22 08:38 - Cosmos 105 Launch Vehicle: Vostok 8A92. Apogee: 311 km (193 mi). Area survey photo reconnaissance satellite.
  • 1966 January 31 11:41 - Luna 9 Launch Vehicle: Molniya 8K78M. Molniya 8K78M U103-32 Soft landed on Moon; photographed surface for 3 days. Landed on Moon 3 February 1966 at 18:44:52 GMT, Latitude 7.08 N, Longitude 295.63 E - Oceanus Procellarum. The Luna 9 spacecraft was the first spacecraft to achieve a lunar soft landing and to transmit photographic data to Earth. Seven radio sessions, totaling 8 hours and 5 minutes, were transmitted as were three series of TV pictures. When assembled, the photographs provided a panoramic view of the nearby lunar surface. The pictures included views of nearby rocks and of the horizon 1.4 Km away from the spacecraft.
  • 1966 February 10 08:52 - Cosmos 107 Launch Vehicle: Vostok 8A92. Apogee: 313 km (194 mi). Area survey photo reconnaissance satellite.
  • 1966 February 19 08:52 - Cosmos 109 Launch Vehicle: Voskhod 11A57. Apogee: 288 km (178 mi). High resolution photo reconnaissance satellite; returned film capsule; also carried biological experiments.
  • 1966 February 22 20:09 - Cosmos 110 Launch Vehicle: Voskhod 11A57. Voskhod 11A57 R15000-06 Apogee: 887 km (551 mi). Successfully recovered March 15, 1966 13:00 GMT. Precursor mission for Voskhod 3 hardware. Two dogs carried into lower Van Allen radiation belts.
    Officially: Biological research.

    Voskhod s/n 5 launched at 23:10 Moscow time, with two dogs, Veterka and Ygolka, aboard. This will be a 25-day mission. Kamanin is disgusted, he had proposed this as a 25-day mission by a single cosmonaut, but Korolev had constantly held with the 'dog variant'. Preparations for Voskhod-3 are proceeding well. The prime and back-up crews have completed their training and will take their examinations on 28 February. Parallel trials of the oxygen regeneration system at IMBP and OKB-124 both went well (IMBP, 12 days so far, temperature 16-24 deg C, 70% humidity; OKB-124, 10 days so far, temperature 18-16 deg C, 65% humidity).

  • 1966 March 1 11:03 - Cosmos 111 Launch Vehicle: Molniya 8K78M. The escape stage Block L lost roll control during unpowered coast in parking orbit because the axis of the course regulator of the control system jammed in the zero position. The stage's engine was not fired.. Molniya 8K78M N103-41 Apogee: 180 km (110 mi).
  • 1966 March 21 09:36 - Cosmos 113 Launch Vehicle: Voskhod 11A57. Apogee: 314 km (195 mi). High resolution photo reconnaissance satellite; returned film capsule
  • 1966 March 27 - Molniya-1 s/n 5 Failure Launch Vehicle: Molniya 8K78M. The booster failed during ascent. The launcher and payload broke up on impact with the ground.. Molniya 8K78M N103-38
  • 1966 March 31 10:47 - Luna 10 Launch Vehicle: Molniya 8K78M. Molniya 8K78M N103-42 Lunar Orbit (Selenocentric). Development of system to permit the creation of an artificial lunar satellite for the investigation of circumlunar space; development of onboard systems for putting a station into a selenocentric (circumlunar) orbit. Orbit: Lunar Orbiter. The Luna 10 spacecraft was launched towards the Moon from an Earth orbiting platform. The spacecraft entered lunar orbit 3 50 x 1017 km, inclination 71.9 deg to plane of the lunar equator. on April 4, 1966. Scientific instruments included a gamma-ray spectrometer for energies between 0.3--3 MeV, a triaxial magnetometer, a meteorite detector, instruments for solar-plasma studies, and devices for measuring infrared emissions from the Moon and radiation conditions of the lunar environment. Gravitational studies were also conducted. The spacecraft played back to Earth the `Internationale' during the Twenty-third Congress of the Communist Party of the Soviet Union. Luna 10 was battery powered and operated for 460 lunar orbits and 219 active data transmissions before radio signals were discontinued on May 30, 1966.
  • 1966 April 20 10:48 - Cosmos 115 Launch Vehicle: Vostok 8A92. Apogee: 283 km (175 mi). . Program partially completed. Abnormal operation of SA-10 camera.
  • 1966 April 25 07:12 - Molniya 1-03 Launch Vehicle: Molniya 8K78M. Molniya 8K78M N103-39 Apogee: 39,414 km (24,490 mi). Also transmitted cloud cover images. Television programme transmission and long-range two-way multi-channel telephone, phototelegraph and telegraph communicaitons.
  • 1966 May 6 11:02 - Cosmos 117 Launch Vehicle: Vostok 8A92. Vostok 8A92 N15001-01 Apogee: 314 km (195 mi). Area survey photo reconnaissance satellite.
  • 1966 May 11 14:09 - Cosmos 118 Launch Vehicle: Vostok 8A92M. Apogee: 339 km (210 mi). Probable weather satellite. Investigation of the upper atmosphere and outer space.
  • 1966 June 8 11:02 - Cosmos 120 Launch Vehicle: Voskhod 11A57. Apogee: 331 km (205 mi). Area survey photo reconnaissance satellite.
  • 1966 June 25 10:30 - Cosmos 122 Launch Vehicle: Vostok 8A92M. Vostok 8A92M N15000-21 Apogee: 388 km (241 mi). Investigation of the upper atmosphere and outer space.
  • 1966 July 14 10:33 - Cosmos 124 Launch Vehicle: Voskhod 11A57. Voskhod 11A57 N15001-14 Apogee: 282 km (175 mi). Area survey photo reconnaissance satellite.
  • 1966 July 20 09:07 - Cosmos 125 Launch Vehicle: Vostok 11A510. Soyuz 11A510 G15000-02 Apogee: 260 km (160 mi). Prototype RORSAT hardware using chemical batteries in place of nuclear reactor. Lost on the 52nd revolution as a result of a possible failure in the chemical power units placed on board instead of the nuclear BES-5.
  • 1966 July 28 10:48 - Cosmos 126 Launch Vehicle: Voskhod 11A57. Voskhod 11A57 N15001-01 Apogee: 343 km (213 mi). High resolution photo reconnaissance satellite; returned film capsule
  • 1966 August 8 11:16 - Cosmos 127 Launch Vehicle: Voskhod 11A57. Voskhod 11A57 N15001-13 Apogee: 263 km (163 mi). High resolution photo reconnaissance satellite; returned film capsule
  • 1966 August 24 08:03 - Luna 11 Launch Vehicle: Molniya 8K78M. Molniya 8K78M N103-43 Automatic station Luna 11. Further development of artificial lunar satellite systems and conduct of scientific experiments in circumlunar space. Lunar orbit 160 km x 1200 km x 27 degrees. Luna 11 was launched towards the Moon from an earth-orbiting platform and entered lunar orbit on August 28, 1966. The objectives of the mission included the study of: (1) lunar gamma- and X-ray emissions in order to determine the Moon's chemical composition; (2) lunar gravitational anomalies; (3) the concentration of meteorite streams near the Moon; and, (4) the intensity of hard corpuscular radiation near the Moon. A total of 137 radio transmissions and 277 orbits of the Moon were completed before the batteries failed on October 1, 1966.
  • 1966 September 16 - Zenit-2 11F61 s/n 40 Launch Vehicle: Vostok 8A92. Launch vehicle destroyed. Failure of Block D core stage.. Area survey photo reconnaissance satellite.
  • 1966 October 20 08:52 - Cosmos 130 Launch Vehicle: Voskhod 11A57. Voskhod 11A57 N15001-04 Apogee: 316 km (196 mi). High resolution photo reconnaissance satellite; returned film capsule
  • 1966 October 22 08:42 - Luna 12 Launch Vehicle: Molniya 8K78M. Molniya 8K78M N103-44 Lunar Orbiter, further development of artificial lunar satellite systems and conduct of scientific experiments in circumlunar space. Luna 12 was launched towards the Moon from an earth-orbiting platform and achieved a lunar orbit of of 100 km x 1740 km on October 25, 1966. The spacecraft was equipped with a television system that obtained and transmitted photographs of the lunar surface. The photographs contained 1100 scan lines with a maximum resolution of 14.9--19.8 m. Pictures of the lunar surface were returned on October 27, 1966. The number of photographs is not known. Radio transmissions from Luna 12 ceased on January 19, 1967, after 602 lunar orbits and 302 radio transmissions.
  • 1966 November 19 08:09 - Cosmos 132 Launch Vehicle: Vostok 8A92. Vostok 8A92 N15001-08 Apogee: 257 km (159 mi). Area survey photo reconnaissance satellite.
  • 1966 November 28 11:00 - Cosmos 133 Launch Vehicle: Soyuz 11A511. Soyuz 11A511 U15000-02 Apogee: 219 km (136 mi). First test flight of Soyuz 7K-OK earth orbit spacecraft. A planned 'all up' test, with a second Soyuz to be launched the following day and automatically dock with Kosmos 133. This was to be followed by a manned link-up in December 1966. However Kosmos 133's attitude control system malfunctioned, resulting in rapid consumption of orientation fuel, leaving it spinning at 2 rpm. After heroic efforts by ground control and five attempts at retrofire over two days, the craft was finally brought down for a landing on its 33rd revolution. However due to the inaccuracy of the reentry burn, it was determined that the capsule would land in China. The APO self destruct system detected the course deviation and the destruct charge of several dozen kilogrammes of explosive was thought to have destroyed the ship on November 30, 1966 at 10:21 GMT. But stories persisted over the years of the Chinese having a Soyuz capsule in their possession....
  • 1966 December 3 08:09 - Cosmos 134 Launch Vehicle: Voskhod 11A57. Voskhod 11A57 N15001-06 Apogee: 286 km (177 mi). High resolution photo reconnaissance satellite; returned film capsule; also carried scientific experiments.
  • 1966 December 14 - Soyuz 7K-OK s/n 2 Launch Vehicle: Soyuz 11A511. Erroneous firing of launch escape tower ignited launch vehicle on the pad.. Soyuz 11A511 U15000-01 Second attempted flight of Soyuz 7K-OK (the spacecraft planned for the linkup with Ksomos 133). An analogue to Mercury Redstone's 'day we launched the tower' but with more disastorous consequences. The core stage ignited, but the strap-ons did not. A booster shutdown was commanded. The service towers were brought back around the booster, and ground crew began work to defuel the launch vehicle. At 27 minutes after the original launch attempt, the Soyuz launch escape system, having received the signal that liftoff had occurred, detected that the booster was not on course (either because a tower arm nudged the booster or because the earth's rotation as detected by the gyros had moved the spacecraft out of limits relative to its original inertial position). The launch escape system ignited, pulling the Soyuz away from the booster, igniting the third stage fuel tanks, leading to an explosion that severely damaged the pad and killed at least one person (the Soviet Rocket Forces major supervising the launch team) and injured many others.
  • 1967 July 4 05:59 - Cosmos 168 Launch Vehicle: Voskhod 11A57. Voskhod 11A57 Ya15001-05 Apogee: 230 km (140 mi). Area survey photo reconnaissance satellite.
  • 1967 July 21 06:00 - Zenit-4 Launch Vehicle: Voskhod 11A57. Failure. Voskhod 11A57 Ya15001-14 High resolution photo reconnaissance mission.
  • 1967 October 27 09:29 - Cosmos 186 Launch Vehicle: Soyuz 11A511. Apogee: 223 km (138 mi). Docked with Cosmos 188; first automated rendezvous and docking of two spacecraft. The dockings were timed to celebrate the 50th Anniversary of the October Revolution (in lieu of a succession of manned space feats that all had to be cancelled due to schedule delays). Achieved automatic rendezvous on second attempt. Capture achieved but hard docking and electric connections unsuccessful due to misallignment of spacecraft. Star tracker failed and had to make a high-G ballistic re-entry. Recovered October 31, 1967 08:20 GMT.
  • 1968 April 14 10:00 - Cosmos 212 Launch Vehicle: Soyuz 11A511. Apogee: 200 km (120 mi). Cosmos 212 docked with Cosmos 213 in the first completely successful test of the Soyuz 7K-OK attitude control, automatic rendezvous and docking systems. Cosmos 212 was successfully recovered on April 19, 1968 at 08:10 GMT.
  • 1968 April 20 10:30 - Cosmos 216 Launch Vehicle: Voskhod 11A57. Apogee: 267 km (165 mi). Area survey photo reconnaissance satellite. Unsuccessful mission. Spacecraft landed in River Volga 1 km from shore and sank after 42 minutes. 85% of the data was ruined.
  • 1968 July 10 19:49 - Cosmos 231 Launch Vehicle: Voskhod 11A57. Apogee: 311 km (193 mi). Area survey photo reconnaissance satellite.
  • 1968 August 9 07:00 - Cosmos 235 Launch Vehicle: Voskhod 11A57. Apogee: 281 km (174 mi). Area survey photo reconnaissance satellite. Partially successful. Hard landing due to parachute sytem failure. 30% of the film damaged.
  • 1968 August 28 10:00 - Cosmos 238 Launch Vehicle: Soyuz 11A511. Apogee: 210 km (130 mi). Recovered September 1, 1968 9:03 GMT. Final test of redesigned Soyuz 7K-OK spacecraft for Soyuz 3 manned mission.
  • 1968 September 14 06:50 - Cosmos 240 Launch Vehicle: Voskhod 11A57. Apogee: 283 km (175 mi). Area survey photo reconnaissance satellite.
  • 1968 October 26 08:34 - Soyuz 3 Launch Vehicle: Soyuz 11A511. Apogee: 205 km (127 mi). Second manned Soyuz flight. Rendezvoused with the unmanned Soyuz 2 but failed to dock. Complex testing of spaceship systems; development, in joint flight with space ship Soyuz 2 of processes of space ship manoeuvring and docking in artificial earth satellite orbit; development of elements of celestial navigation; conduct of research under space flight conditions. The failed docking was blamed on manual control of the Soyuz by Beregovoi, who repeatedly put the spacecraft in an orientation that nulled the automatic docking system. Beregovoi used nearly all of his orientation fuel in his first attempt to dock - of 80 kg allocated, only 8 to 10 kg was remaining.
  • 1968 December 10 08:25 - Cosmos 258 Launch Vehicle: Voskhod 11A57. Apogee: 298 km (185 mi). Area survey photo reconnaissance satellite.
  • 1969 January 14 07:30 - Soyuz 4 Launch Vehicle: Soyuz 11A511. Apogee: 224 km (139 mi). Soyuz 4 is launched with Vladimir Shatalov aboard without further problems at 10:30. This time the rockets gyroscopes, the capsule communications, and the television camera all functioned perfectly. Volynov and his crew for Soyuz 5 watched the launch from Area 17. Later Soyuz 4 would dock with Soyuz 5, and following a transfer of two cosmonauts, return with Shatalov, Yevgeni Khrunov and Alexsei Yeliseyev from Soyuz 5. Official purpose: scientific, technical and medico-biological research, checking and testing of onboard systems and design elements of space craft, docking of piloted space craft and construction of an experimental space station, transfer of cosmonauts from one craft to another in orbit. This mission finally successfully completed the simulated lunar orbit docking and crew transfer mission attempted by Soyuz 1 in April 1967. In making the transfer Khrunov and Yeliseyev avoided the most spectacular survivable incident of the space age - the nose-first reentry of Soyuz 5, still attached to its service module.
  • 1969 June 24 06:50 - Cosmos 287 Launch Vehicle: Voskhod 11A57. Apogee: 265 km (164 mi). Area survey photo reconnaissance satellite.
  • 1969 August 16 11:59 - Cosmos 293 Launch Vehicle: Voskhod 11A57. Apogee: 244 km (151 mi). Area survey photo reconnaissance satellite; returned film capsule; carried science package.
  • 1969 October 11 11:10 - Soyuz 6 Launch Vehicle: Soyuz 11A511. Apogee: 218 km (135 mi). Tested spacecraft systems and designs, manoeuvring of space craft with respect to each other in orbit, conducted scientific, technical and medico-biological experiments in group flight. Carried Vulkan welding furnace for vacuum welding experiments in depressurized orbital module. Was to have taken spectacular motion pictures of Soyuz 7 - Soyuz 8 docking but failure of rendezvous electronics in all three craft due to new helium pressurization integrity test prior to mission did not permit successful rendezvous and dockings.
  • 1969 October 13 10:19 - Soyuz 8 Launch Vehicle: Soyuz 11A511. Apogee: 227 km (141 mi). Tested spacecraft systems and designs, manoeuvring of space craft with respect to each other in orbit, conducted scientific, technical and medico-biological experiments in group flight. Was to have docked with Soyuz 7 and transferred crew while Soyuz 6 took film from nearby. However failure of rendezvous electronics in all three craft due to a new helium pressurization integrity test prior to the mission did not permit successful rendezvous and dockings. Recovered October 18, 1969 10:19 GMT.
  • 1970 June 1 19:00 - Soyuz 9 Launch Vehicle: Soyuz 11A511. Apogee: 227 km (141 mi). Manned flight endurance test. Medico-biological, scientific and technical studies and experiments in prolonged orbital flight. Inconclusive results due to slow sun-oriented rotation of spacecraft to conserve fuel producing motion sickness in cosmonauts.
  • 1970 August 22 05:06 - Cosmos 359 Launch Vehicle: Molniya 8K78M. The escape stage Block L's engine 11D33 was late igniting and cut off early at 25 seconds after firing due to abnormal operation of the sequencer and a DC transformer failure.. Apogee: 908 km (564 mi). Probable Venus probe failure.
  • 1970 August 29 08:30 - Cosmos 360 Launch Vehicle: Voskhod 11A57. Apogee: 287 km (178 mi). High resolution photo reconnaissance satellite; returned film capsule; maneuverable; deployed capsule.
  • 1970 November 24 05:15 - Cosmos 379 Launch Vehicle: Soyuz 11A511L. Apogee: 232 km (144 mi). LK moon lander test using the T2K version. First use of the Soyuz 11A511L booster modified especially for this purpose. The spacecraft made a series of engine burns, simulating the lunar landing profile. After 3.5 days in orbit, the first burn was made in imitation of a descent to the lunar surface after separation of the Block D lunar crasher stage. The orbit changed from 192 km X 233 km to 196 km X 1206 km orbit; delta V: 263 m/s. After 4 days in orbit, a large manoeuvre was made simulating the ascent from the lunar surface. The orbit was changed from 188 km X 1198 km to 177 km X 14,041 km; delta V: 1518 m/s. These main manoeuvres were followed by a series of small adjustments simulating rendezvous and docking with the LOK. The LK tested out without major problems and decayed from orbit on September 21, 1983.
  • 1971 February 26 05:06 - Cosmos 398 Launch Vehicle: Soyuz 11A511L. Apogee: 1,958 km (1,216 mi). Second space test of the LK moon lander test using the T2K version. Followed the same programme as Cosmos 379.
    Maneuver Summary:
    189km X 252km orbit to 186km X 1189km orbit. Delta V: 251 m/s
    186km X 1189km orbit to 200km X 10905km orbit. Delta V: 1320 m/s
    Total Delta V: 2832 m/s.
    Officially: Investigation of the upper atmosphere and outer space.
  • 1971 August 12 05:30 - Cosmos 434 Launch Vehicle: Soyuz 11A511L. Apogee: 1,253 km (778 mi). Final LK moon lander test using the T2K version.
    Maneuver Summary:
    188km X 267km orbit to 190km X 1261km orbit. Delta V: 266 m/s
    188km X 1262km orbit to 180km X 11384km orbit. Delta V: 1333 m/s
    Total Delta V: 1599 m/s. Ten years later the spacecraft was due to re-enter over Australia soon after the Skylab scare. The Soviet Union told the people of Australia not to worry, it was only an experimental lunar cabin - the first inadvertent admission that their manned lunar project even existed!
  • 1971 August 19 - Zenit-4M Launch Vehicle: Voskhod 11A57. Failure. High resolution photo reconnaissance mission.
  • 1972 March 27 04:15 - Venera 8 Launch Vehicle: Molniya 8K78M. Apogee: 246 km (152 mi). Venus atmospheric probe. The spacecraft took 117 days to reach Venus, entering the atmosphere on 22 July 1972. Descent speed was reduced from 41,696 km/hr to about 900 km/hr by aerobraking. The 2.5 meter diameter parachute opened at an altitude of 60 km, and a refrigeration system was used to cool the interior components. Venera 8 transmitted data during the descent and continued to send back data for 50 minutes after landing. The probe confirmed the earlier data on the high Venus surface temperature and pressure returned by Venera 7, and also measured the light level as being suitable for surface photography, finding it to be similar to the amount of light on Earth on an overcast day.
  • 1972 March 31 04:02 - Cosmos 482 Launch Vehicle: Molniya 8K78M. The escape stage Block L's engine cut off 125 seconds after ignition due to timer failure.. Apogee: 9,806 km (6,093 mi).
  • 1972 April 7 10:00 - Intercosmos 6 Launch Vehicle: Voskhod 11A57. Apogee: 326 km (202 mi). Investigation of primary cosmic radiation and meteoritic particles in near-earth outer space.
  • 1972 April 14 00:54 - Prognoz 1 Launch Vehicle: Molniya 8K78M. Molniya 8K78M SOL Apogee: 199,667 km (124,067 mi). Study of the processes of solar activity and of their influence on interplanetary space and the Earth's magnetosphere.
  • 1972 June 29 03:47 - Prognoz 2 Launch Vehicle: Molniya 8K78M. Molniya 8K78M SOL Apogee: 201,804 km (125,394 mi). Study of the processes of solar activity and of their influence on interplanetary space and the Earth's magnetosphere.
  • 1973 February 15 01:11 - Prognoz 3 Launch Vehicle: Molniya 8K78M. Molniya 8K78M SOL Apogee: 199,442 km (123,927 mi). Solar flare monitor. Study of the processes of solar activity and of their influence on interplanetary space and the Earth's magnetosphere.
  • 1974 April 3 07:30 - Cosmos 638 Launch Vehicle: Soyuz 11A511U. Apogee: 309 km (192 mi). Unmanned Soyuz test flight. Recovered April 13, 1974 5:05 GMT. Soyuz ASTP Test.
    Maneuver Summary:
    190km X 309km orbit to 190km X 266km orbit. Delta V: 12 m/s
    190km X 266km orbit to 240km X 300km orbit. Delta V: 23 m/s
    240km X 300km orbit to 258km X 274km orbit. Delta V: 12 m/s
    Total Delta V: 47 m/s.
    Officially: Investigation of the upper atmosphere and outer space.
  • 1974 April 12 - Zenit-4MK Launch Vehicle: Voskhod 11A57. Failure. High resolution photo reconnaissance mission.
  • 1974 August 12 06:25 - Cosmos 672 Launch Vehicle: Soyuz 11A511U. Apogee: 226 km (140 mi). ASTP precursor. Recovered August 18, 1974 5:02 GMT. Soyuz ASTP test.
    Maneuver Summary:
    195km X 305km orbit to 195km X 221km orbit. Delta V: 24 m/s
    195km X 221km orbit to 223km X 223km orbit. Delta V: 8 m/s
    231km X 231km orbit to 231km X 231km orbit. Delta V: 1 m/s
    223km X 223km orbit to 231km X 231km orbit. Delta V: 4 m/s
    231km X 231km orbit to 227km X 237km orbit. Delta V: 2 m/s
    Total Delta V: 39 m/s.
    Officially: Investigation of the upper atmosphere and outer space.
  • 1975 December 22 02:08 - Prognoz 4 Launch Vehicle: Molniya 8K78M. Molniya 8K78M SOL Apogee: 199,000 km (123,000 mi). Investigation of the corpuscular and electromagnetic radiation of the sun and of solar plasma fluxes, study of the magnetic fields in circumterrestrial space in order to determine the effects of solar activity on the interplanetary medium and in the magne tosphere of the earth.
  • 1976 November 25 03:59 - Prognoz 5 Launch Vehicle: Molniya 8K78M. Molniya 8K78M SOL Apogee: 198,560 km (123,370 mi). Investigation of the corpuscular and electromagnetic radiation of the sun and of solar plasma fluxes, study of the magnetic fields in circumterrestrial space in order to determine the effects of solar activity on the interplanetary medium and in the magne tosphere of the earth.
  • 1977 February 22 - Zenit-4MK Launch Vehicle: Soyuz 11A511U. Failure. High resolution photo reconnaissance mission.
  • 1977 February 22 - Zenit-4MK Launch Vehicle: Soyuz 11A511U. Failure. High resolution photo reconnaissance mission.
  • 1977 June 29 18:34 - Meteor 1-28 Launch Vehicle: Vostok 8A92M. Apogee: 338 km (210 mi). Continuation of experimental work in studying the natural resources of the earth. Acquisition of meteorological information required for use in the operational weather service.
  • 1977 August 10 - Zenit-4MKM Launch Vehicle: Soyuz 11A511U. Failure. High resolution photo reconnaissance mission.
  • 1977 September 22 00:51 - Prognoz 6 Launch Vehicle: Molniya 8K78M. Molniya 8K78M SOL Apogee: 196,379 km (122,024 mi). Investigation of the corpuscular and electromagnetic radiation of the sun and of solar plasma fluxes, study of the magnetic fields in circumterrestrial space in order to determine the effects of solar activity on the interplanetary medium and in the magne tosphere of the earth.
  • 1978 January 20 08:24 - Progress 1 Launch Vehicle: Soyuz 11A511U. Soyuz 11A511U E15000-075 Apogee: 256 km (159 mi). Unmanned supply vessel to Salyut 6. Delivery of fuel, consumable materials and equipment to the Salyut 6 station. Docked with Salyut 6 on 22 Jan 1978 10:12:14 GMT. Undocked on 6 Feb 1978 05:54:00 GMT. Destroyed in reentry on 8 Feb 1978 02:00:00 GMT. Total free-flight time 3.91 days. Total docked time 14.82 days.
  • 1978 July 2 09:30 - Cosmos 1026 Launch Vehicle: Soyuz 11A511U. Apogee: 247 km (153 mi). Investigation of primary cosmic radiation and meteoritic particles in near-earth outer space.
  • 1978 July 7 11:26 - Progress 2 Launch Vehicle: Soyuz 11A511U. Soyuz 11A511U S15000-128 Apogee: 307 km (190 mi). Unmanned supply vessel to Salyut 6. Delivery of fuel, consumable materials and equipment to the Salyut 6 station. Docked with Salyut 6 on 9 Jul 1978 12:58:59 GMT. Undocked on 2 Aug 1978 04:57:44 GMT. Destroyed in reentry on 4 Aug 1978 01:31:07 GMT. Total free-flight time 3.92 days. Total docked time 23.67 days.
  • 1978 August 7 22:31 - Progress 3 Launch Vehicle: Soyuz 11A511U. Apogee: 232 km (144 mi). Unmanned supply vessel to Salyut 6. Delivery of fuel, consumable materials and equipment to the Salyut 6 station. Docked with Salyut 6 on 9 Aug 1978 23:59:30 GMT. Undocked on 21 Aug 1978 15:42:50 GMT. Destroyed in reentry on 23 Aug 1978 16:45:00 GMT. Total free-flight time 4.10 days. Total docked time 11.66 days.
  • 1978 October 30 05:23 - Prognoz 7 Launch Vehicle: Molniya 8K78M. Molniya 8K78M SOL Apogee: 202,627 km (125,906 mi). Magnetospheric investigations. Investigation of the corpuscular and electromagnetic radiation of the sun, of solar plasma fluxes and of the magnetic fields in circumterrestrial space in order to determine the effects of solar activity on the interplanetary medium and the magnetosphere of the earth; investigation of galactic ultraviolet rays, X-rays and gamma rays. In addition to Soviet apparatus, carried scientific apparatus produced in the USSR, the Czechoslovak Socialist Republic, France, the Hungarian People's Republic and Sweden.
  • 1979 January 31 09:00 - Cosmos 1074 Launch Vehicle: Soyuz 11A511U. Apogee: 238 km (147 mi). Manned precursor. Recovered April 1, 1979 10:09 GMT. Soyuz T Test.
    Maneuver Summary:
    197 km X 240 km orbit to 255 km X 297 km orbit. Delta V: 33 m/s
    255 km X 297 km orbit to 264 km X 306 km orbit. Delta V: 4 m/s
    264 km X 306 km orbit to 309 km X 321 km orbit. Delta V: 17 m/s
    309 km X 321 km orbit to 279 km X 357 km orbit. Delta V: 18 m/s
    279 km X 357 km orbit to 352 km X 402 km orbit. Delta V: 32 m/s
    352 km X 402 km orbit to 363 km X 384 km orbit. Delta V: 8 m/s
    Total Delta V: 112 m/s
    Officially: Investigation of the upper atmosphere and outer space.
  • 1979 February 25 11:53 - Soyuz 32 Launch Vehicle: Soyuz 11A511U. Apogee: 256 km (159 mi). Manned two crew. Docked with Salyut 6. Transported a team consisting of V A Lyakhov and V V Ryumin to the Salyut-6 space station to conduct scientific investigations and experiments and repair work. Recovered June 15, 1979 16:18 GMT. Returned unmanned.
  • 1979 March 12 05:47 - Progress 5 Launch Vehicle: Soyuz 11A511U. Soyuz 11A511U Yo15000-162 Apogee: 256 km (159 mi). Unmanned supply vessel to Salyut 6. Delivery of fuel, consumable materials and equipment to the Salyut 6 station. Docked with Salyut 6 on 14 Mar 1979 07:19:21 GMT. Undocked on 3 Apr 1979 16:10:00 GMT. Destroyed in reentry on 5 Apr 1979 00:10:22 GMT. Total free-flight time 3.40 days. Total docked time 20.37 days.
  • 1979 April 10 17:34 - Soyuz 33 Launch Vehicle: Soyuz 11A511U. Apogee: 261 km (162 mi). Manned two crew. Flight under the Intercosmos programme of an international team consisting of N N Rukavishnikov (USSR) and G I Ivanov (Bulgaria). Unsuccessful mission. Failed to rendezvous with Salyut 6.
  • 1979 May 13 04:17 - Progress 6 Launch Vehicle: Soyuz 11A511U. Soyuz 11A511U Zh15000-175 Apogee: 247 km (153 mi). Unmanned supply vessel to Salyut 6. Delivery of fuel, consumable materials and equipment to the Salyut 6 station. Docked with Salyut 6 on 15 May 1979 06:19:22 GMT. Undocked on 8 Jun 1979 07:59:41 GMT. Destroyed in reentry on 9 Jun 1979 18:52:46 GMT. Total free-flight time 3.54 days. Total docked time 24.07 days.
  • 1979 June 6 18:12 - Soyuz 34 Launch Vehicle: Soyuz 11A511U. Apogee: 254 km (157 mi). Docked with Salyut 6. Launched unmanned to provide return vehicle for Soyuz 32 crew of Lyakhov/Ryumin after Soyuz 33 primary propulsion system failure. Checked the operation of the spacecraft propulsion unit; transportated the crew of the Salyut-6 station back to earth.
  • 1979 June 28 09:25 - Progress 7 Launch Vehicle: Soyuz 11A511U. Soyuz 11A511U Zh15000-192 Apogee: 251 km (155 mi). Unmanned supply vessel to Salyut 6. Delivery of fuel, consumable materials and equipment to the Salyut 6 station. Docked with Salyut 6 on 30 Jun 1979 11:18:22 GMT. Undocked on 18 Jul 1979 03:49:55 GMT. Destroyed in reentry on 20 Jul 1979 01:57:30 GMT. Total free-flight time 4.0 days. Total docked time 17.69 days.
  • 1979 December 16 12:29 - Soyuz T-1 Launch Vehicle: Soyuz 11A511U. Apogee: 252 km (156 mi). New generation Soyuz capsule; unmanned flight to Salyut 6. Docked with Salyut 6. Recovered March 25, 1980 21:47 GMT. Unmanned test of Soyuz T design.
    Officially: Complex experimental testing of new on-board systems and assemblies under various flight conditions and operation in conjunction with the Salyut-6 orbital station.
  • 1980 March 27 18:53 - Progress 8 Launch Vehicle: Soyuz 11A511U. Soyuz 11A511U Zh15000-200 Apogee: 250 km (150 mi). Unmanned supply vessel for Salyut 6. Delivery of various cargoes to the Salyut-6 orbital station. Docked with Salyut 6 on 29 Mar 1980 20:01:00 GMT. Undocked on 25 Apr 1980 08:04:00 GMT. Destroyed in reentry on 26 Apr 1980 06:54:00 GMT. Total free-flight time 3.0 days. Total docked time 26.50 days.
  • 1980 April 9 13:38 - Soyuz 35 Launch Vehicle: Soyuz 11A511U. Apogee: 247 km (153 mi). Manned two crew. Docked with Salyut 6. Carried crew comprising L I Popov and V V Ryumin to the Salyut-6 station to carry out scientific and technical research and experiments.
  • 1980 May 26 18:20 - Soyuz 36 Launch Vehicle: Soyuz 11A511U. Apogee: 263 km (163 mi). Transported the fifth international crew under the INTERCOSMOS programme, comprising V N Kubasov (USSR) and B Farkas (Hungary) to the Salyut-6 station to carry out scientific research and experiments.
  • 1980 October 30 10:00 - Cosmos 1218 Launch Vehicle: Soyuz 11A511U. Apogee: 285 km (177 mi). Successful state acceptance test flight of Yantar-4K1 satellite. Led to Yantar-4K1 acceptance for Red Army service the following year. High resolution photo reconnaissance; returned film in two small SpK capsules during the mission and with the main capsule at completion of the mission.
  • 1980 December 25 04:02 - Prognoz 8 Launch Vehicle: Molniya 8K78M. Molniya 8K78M SOL Apogee: 197,364 km (122,636 mi). Examined solar wind interaction with magnetosphere. Investigation of the corpuscular and electromagnetic radiation of the sun and of solar plasma fluxes, study of the magnetic fields in circumterrestrial space in order to determine the effects of solar activity on the interplanetary medium and in the magne tosphere of the earth. In addition to Soviet apparatus, carried scientific apparatus produced in the USSR, the Czechoslovak Socialist Republic, the Polish People's Republic, and Sweden.
  • 1981 January 20 11:00 - Cosmos 1240 Launch Vehicle: Soyuz 11A511U. Apogee: 359 km (223 mi). Area survey photo reconnaissance; returned film in two small SpK capsules during the mission and with the main capsule at completion of the mission.
  • 1981 February 18 09:00 - Cosmos 1246 Launch Vehicle: Soyuz 11A511U. Apogee: 263 km (163 mi). Military topographic / cartographic satellite.
  • 1981 March 17 08:40 - Cosmos 1259 Launch Vehicle: Soyuz 11A511U. Apogee: 379 km (235 mi). Photo surveillance; returned film capsule.
  • 1981 March 22 14:58 - Soyuz 39 Launch Vehicle: Soyuz 11A511U. Apogee: 249 km (154 mi). Manned two crew. Docked with Salyut 6. Transported to the Salyut-6 orbital station the eighth international crew under the INTERCOSMOS programme, comprising V A Dzhanibekov (USSR) and Z. Gurragchi (Mongolian People's Republic) to conduct scientific investigations and experiments.
  • 1981 March 28 - Yantar-2K s/n 979 Launch Vehicle: Soyuz 11A511U. Failure of launch vehicle.. Yantar Area survey photo reconnaissance spacecraft failed to achieve orbit.
  • 1981 May 18 11:50 - Cosmos 1270 Launch Vehicle: Soyuz 11A511U. Apogee: 345 km (214 mi). Area survey photo reconnaissance; returned film in two small SpK capsules during the mission and with the main capsule at completion of the mission.
  • 1981 July 15 13:00 - Cosmos 1282 Launch Vehicle: Soyuz 11A511U. Apogee: 332 km (206 mi). Area survey photo reconnaissance; returned film in two small SpK capsules during the mission and with the main capsule at completion of the mission.
  • 1981 December 19 11:50 - Cosmos 1330 Launch Vehicle: Soyuz 11A511U. Apogee: 376 km (233 mi). Area survey photo reconnaissance; returned film in two small SpK capsules during the mission and with the main capsule at completion of the mission.
  • 1982 January 30 11:30 - Cosmos 1336 Launch Vehicle: Soyuz 11A511U. Apogee: 352 km (218 mi). Area survey photo reconnaissance; returned film in two small SpK capsules during the mission and with the main capsule at completion of the mission.
  • 1982 June 8 12:00 - Cosmos 1377 Launch Vehicle: Soyuz 11A511U. Apogee: 363 km (225 mi). Photo surveillance; 2 small film capsules recovered in course of flight and main reentry capsule with remaining film, camera, and computer systems at end of flight.
  • 1982 August 4 11:30 - Cosmos 1399 Launch Vehicle: Soyuz 11A511U. Apogee: 344 km (213 mi). High resolution photo reconnaissance; returned film in two small SpK capsules during the mission and with the main capsule at completion of the mission.
  • 1982 December 16 10:00 - Cosmos 1424 Launch Vehicle: Soyuz 11A511U. Apogee: 349 km (216 mi). High resolution photo reconnaissance; returned film in two small SpK capsules during the mission and with the main capsule at completion of the mission.
  • 1982 December 28 12:00 - Cosmos 1426 Launch Vehicle: Soyuz 11A511U. Apogee: 384 km (238 mi). Photo/digital surveillance.
  • 1983 February 6 11:31 - Cosmos 1439 Launch Vehicle: Soyuz 11A511U. Apogee: 344 km (213 mi). Area survey photo reconnaissance; film capsule; also performed earth resources tasks. Returned in less than usual 30 day full duration.
  • 1983 April 26 10:00 - Cosmos 1457 Launch Vehicle: Soyuz 11A511U. Apogee: 354 km (219 mi). High resolution photo reconnaissance; returned film in two small SpK capsules during the mission and with the main capsule at completion of the mission.
  • 1983 May 26 12:00 - Cosmos 1466 Launch Vehicle: Soyuz 11A511U. Apogee: 315 km (195 mi). High resolution photo reconnaissance; returned film in two small SpK capsules during the mission and with the main capsule at completion of the mission.
  • 1983 July 1 12:17 - Prognoz 9 Launch Vehicle: Molniya 8K78M. Molniya 8K78M SOL Apogee: 720,000 km (440,000 mi). Investigation of residual radiation from the Big Bang and gamma flares in deep space, and solar corpuscular and electromagnetic radiation plasma flows and magnetic fields in circumterrestrial space to determine the effects of solar activity on the interpl anetary medium and the earth's magnetosphere. In addition to Soviet scientific apparatus, carried instruments built in Czechoslovakia and France.
  • 1983 July 24 05:30 - Cosmos 1484 Launch Vehicle: Vostok 8A92M. Apogee: 593 km (368 mi). Follow-on to Meteor series. Second flight of prototype for Resurs-O1 spacecraft. Gathering regular information on the natural resources of the earth for use in various branches of the Soviet economy, and conducting further tests on new types of measuring apparatus and methods of remote sensing of the earth's surface and atmosphere.
  • 1983 August 10 13:00 - Cosmos 1489 Launch Vehicle: Soyuz 11A511U. Apogee: 299 km (185 mi). High resolution photo reconnaissance; returned film in two small SpK capsules during the mission and with the main capsule at completion of the mission.
  • 1983 October 14 10:00 - Cosmos 1504 Launch Vehicle: Soyuz 11A511U. Apogee: 304 km (188 mi). High resolution photo reconnaissance; returned film in two small SpK capsules during the mission and with the main capsule at completion of the mission.
  • 1983 October 20 09:59 - Progress 18 Launch Vehicle: Soyuz 11A511U. Soyuz 11A511U Ts15000-287 Apogee: 242 km (150 mi). Transport of various cargoes to the Salyut-7 orbital station. Docked with Salyut 7 on 22 Oct 1983 11:34:00 GMT. Boosted Salyut to 326 X 356 orbit on 4 Nov 1983. Undocked on 13 Nov 1983 03:08:00 GMT. Destroyed in reentry on 16 Nov 1983 04:18:00 GMT. Total free-flight time 5.11 days. Total docked time 21.65 days.
  • 1984 February 8 12:07 - Soyuz T-10 Launch Vehicle: Soyuz 11A511U. Apogee: 219 km (136 mi). Manned three crew. Docked with Salyut 7. Transported a crew consisting of ship's commander L D Kizim, flight engineer V A Solovyov and cosmonaut-research O Y Atkov to the SALYUT-7 orbital station to conduct scientific and technical studies and experiments.
  • 1984 February 21 06:46 - Progress 19 Launch Vehicle: Soyuz 11A511U. Apogee: 245 km (152 mi). Transport of various cargoes to the Salyut-7 orbital station. Docked with Salyut 7 on 23 Feb 1984 08:21:00 GMT. Undocked on 31 Mar 1984 09:40:00 GMT. Destroyed in reentry on 1 Apr 1984 18:18:00 GMT. Total free-flight time 3.43 days. Total docked time 37.05 days.
  • 1984 April 3 13:08 - Soyuz T-11 Launch Vehicle: Soyuz 11A511U. Apogee: 224 km (139 mi). Manned three crew. Docked with Salyut 7.Transported a Soviet-Indian international crew comprising ship's commander Y V Malyshev, flight engineer G M Strekalov (USSR) and cosmonaut-researcher R Sharma (India) to the SALYUT-7 orbital station to conduct scientific and technical studies and experiments.
  • 1984 April 15 08:12 - Progress 20 Launch Vehicle: Soyuz 11A511U2. Apogee: 260 km (160 mi). Transport of various cargoes to the Salyut-7 orbital station. First launch of Progress by Soyuz-U2 launch vehicle. Docked with Salyut 7 on 17 Apr 1984 09:22:00 GMT. Undocked on 6 May 1984 17:46:00 GMT. Destroyed in reentry on 7 May 1984 00:32:51 GMT. Total free-flight time 2.33 days. Total docked time 19.35 days.
  • 1984 May 7 22:47 - Progress 21 Launch Vehicle: Soyuz 11A511U. Apogee: 246 km (152 mi). Transport of various cargoes to the Salyut-7 orbital station. Docked with Salyut 7 on 10 May 1984 00:10:00 GMT. Undocked on 26 May 1984 09:41:00 GMT. Destroyed in reentry on 26 May 1984 15:00:30 GMT. Total free-flight time 2.28 days. Total docked time 16.40 days.
  • 1984 May 28 14:12 - Progress 22 Launch Vehicle: Soyuz 11A511U. Apogee: 244 km (151 mi). Transport of various cargoes to the Salyut-7 orbital station. Docked with Salyut 7 on 30 May 1984 15:47:00 GMT. Undocked on 15 Jul 1984 13:36:00 GMT. Destroyed in reentry on 15 Jul 1984 18:52:00 GMT. Total free-flight time 2.28 days. Total docked time 45.91 days.
  • 1984 July 17 17:40 - Soyuz T-12 Launch Vehicle: Soyuz 11A511U2. Apogee: 218 km (135 mi). Docked with Salyut 7. Transported a crew comprising ship's commander V A Dzhanibekov, flight engineer S E Savitskaya and cosmonaut-research I P Volk to the Salyut-7 orbital station to conduct scientific and technical studies and experiments.
  • 1985 April 26 05:48 - Intercosmos 23 Launch Vehicle: Molniya 8K78M. Molniya 8K78M SOL Apogee: 194,734 km (121,001 mi). Magnetosphere and solar wind investigations. Prognoz-10-Intercosmos. Investigation of the structure of interplanetary and circumterrestrial shock waves generated by the interaction of the solar wind and the earth's magnetosphere. Carries scientific apparatus developed by scientists and specialists o f the USSR and the Czechoslovak Socialist Republic in the 'Intercosmos' programme of international cooperation in the exploration and peaceful uses of outer space.
  • 1985 October 3 05:48 - Cosmos 1689 Launch Vehicle: Vostok 8A92M. Apogee: 545 km (338 mi). First flight of Resurs-O1. Acquisition of operational information on the natural resources of the earth in the interests of various branches of the national economy of the USSR; continued trials of new types of informational and measurement apparatus and methods of remote sensing of the earth's surface and atmosphere. Operated for one year, two months. Re-entered January 14, 2001.
  • 1988 March 17 06:43 - IRS-1A Launch Vehicle: Vostok 8A92M. Apogee: 917 km (569 mi). Indian remote sensing; 1st Soviet commercial launch. Indian Remote Sensing Satellite (IRS-1A). Operational remote sensing of the Earth for natural resources management applications. Also registered by the USSR as object no. 2387 in ST/SG/SER.E/182 and orbital parameters 102.7 min, 863 x 917 km x 99.01 deg.
  • 1988 April 20 05:48 - Cosmos 1939 Launch Vehicle: Vostok 8A92M. Apogee: 602 km (374 mi). Investigation of the natural resources of the earth in the interests of various branches of the national economy of the USSR and international cooperation. Stayed in operation for six years, six months, far beyond its rated life of 3 to 5 years.
  • 1991 July 10 14:00 - Cosmos 2153 Launch Vehicle: Soyuz 11A511U2. Apogee: 267 km (165 mi). Photo/digital surveillance.
  • 1991 August 29 06:48 - IRS-1B Launch Vehicle: Vostok 8A92M. Apogee: 919 km (571 mi). Remote sensing; launched commercially by USSR. Operational remote sensing satellite for natural resources management.
  • 1991 December 17 11:00 - Cosmos 2174 Launch Vehicle: Soyuz 11A511U. Apogee: 306 km (190 mi). Topographic mapping for the Army General Staff.
  • 1992 April 8 12:20 - Cosmos 2183 Launch Vehicle: Soyuz 11A511U2. Apogee: 289 km (179 mi). Photo/digital surveillance.
  • 1992 June 30 16:43 - Progress M-13 Launch Vehicle: Soyuz 11A511U2. Soyuz 11A511U2 15000-062 Apogee: 226 km (140 mi). Unmanned resupply vessel to Mir. An initial docking attempt on 2 Jul 1992 was a failure. Docked with Mir on 4 Jul 1992 16:55:13 GMT. Undocked on 24 Jul 1992 04:14:00 GMT. Destroyed in reentry on 24 Jul 1992 08:03:35 GMT. Total free-flight time 4.17 days. Total docked time 19.47 days. It was docked to Mir for only a few weeks, since on 26 Jul the Soyuz TM-15 was to be launched with a replacement crew and would need to use the same docking port.
  • 1992 August 15 22:18 - Progress M-14 Launch Vehicle: Soyuz 11A511U2. Soyuz 11A511U2 U15000-064 Apogee: 221 km (137 mi). Unmanned resupply vessel to Mir. Progress M-38 was specially modified to carry the first VDU (Vynosnaya Dvigatel'naya Ustanovka, External Engine Unit) propulsion unit. The VDU was mounted externally on a special structure between the cargo module and the service module, replacing the OKD fuel section present on normal Progress vehicles. The crew spacewalked to extract the VDU from Progress and place it on the end of the Sofora boom extending from the Kvant module. The VDU was used to provide attitude control capability for the Mir station. Docked with Mir on 18 Aug 1992 00:20:48 GMT. Undocked on 21 Oct 1992 16:46:01 GMT. Destroyed in reentry on 21 Oct 1992 23:12:00 GMT. Total free-flight time 2.35 days. Total docked time 64.68 days.
  • 1992 October 27 17:19 - Progress M-15 Launch Vehicle: Soyuz 11A511U2. Soyuz 11A511U2 15000-061 Apogee: 205 km (127 mi). Unmanned resupply vessel to Mir. Docked with Mir on 29 Oct 1992 19:05:51 GMT. Undocked on 4 Feb 1993 00:44:53 GMT. After completion of the Znamya and autonomous operation experiments, destroyed in reentry on 7 Feb 1993 06:43:20 GMT. Total free-flight time 5.32 days. Total docked time 97.24 days.
  • 1992 December 22 12:00 - Cosmos 2225 Launch Vehicle: Soyuz 11A511U2. Apogee: 313 km (194 mi). Long duration film return military reconnaissance satellite. After returning multiple film capsules, the spacecraft was deorbited.
  • 1993 April 27 10:35 - Cosmos 2243 Launch Vehicle: Soyuz 11A511U. Apogee: 233 km (144 mi). Topographic mapping for the Army General Staff. Mission normally would have run 44 days.
  • 1993 September 7 13:25 - Cosmos 2262 Launch Vehicle: Soyuz 11A511U2. Apogee: 261 km (162 mi). Long duration film return military reconnaissance satellite. After returning multiple film capsules, the spacecraft was deorbited. First launch that demonstrated doubled operational life.
  • 1994 April 28 17:14 - Cosmos 2280 Launch Vehicle: Soyuz 11A511U2. Apogee: 283 km (175 mi). Photo/digital surveillance.
  • 1994 July 29 09:30 - Cosmos 2284 Launch Vehicle: Soyuz 11A511U. Apogee: 274 km (170 mi). Topographic mapping for the Army General Staff. Landed September 11 1994.
  • 1994 December 29 11:30 - Cosmos 2305 Launch Vehicle: Soyuz 11A511U2. Apogee: 288 km (178 mi). Photo/digital surveillance.
  • 1995 September 29 04:25 - Cosmos 2320 Launch Vehicle: Soyuz 11A511U. Apogee: 372 km (231 mi). Photo/digital surveillance.
  • 1995 December 28 06:45 - IRS-1C Launch Vehicle: Molniya 8K78M. Molniya 8K78M 2BL Apogee: 820 km (500 mi). Indian Remote Sensing Satellite.
  • 1996 May 14 08:55 - Kometa Launch Vehicle: Soyuz 11A511U. Shroud broke up at T+49 seconds.. Soyuz 11A511U PVB78051-368 Topographic mapping satellite failed to reach orbit.
  • 1997 May 15 12:10 - Cosmos 2343 Launch Vehicle: Soyuz 11A511U. Apogee: 343 km (213 mi). Long duration film return military reconnaissance satellite. After returning multiple film capsules, the spacecraft was deorbited. This satellite provided Russia with the photo reconnaisance capability after a break of 7 1/2 months. This launch came on the 40th anniversary of the first successful launch of the R-7 rocket, from which the Soyuz-U was derived. It was the 250th launch of the Soyuz-U from Baikonur, the 350th launch from Launch Complex 31, and the 666th launch of a Soyuz-U.
  • 1998 February 17 10:35 - Cosmos 2349 Launch Vehicle: Soyuz 11A511U. Apogee: 327 km (203 mi). Topographic mapping for the Army General Staff. Landed in Kazakhstan April 2 1998.
  • 1998 June 25 14:00 - Cosmos 2359 Launch Vehicle: Soyuz 11A511U. Apogee: 300 km (180 mi). Photo/digital surveillance. Entered an initial 170 x 290 km x 64.9 deg initial orbit. It manoeuvred to its operational orbit of 240 x 302 km x 64.9 deg on June 27.
  • 2000 February 8 23:20 - IRDT Launch Vehicle: Soyuz 11A511U. Soyuz 11A511U A15000-079 / Ikar ST07 Apogee: 613 km (381 mi). After four orbits around the Earth the test vehicle was powered by the launcher’s upper stage to re-enter the atmosphere for a landing about 1800 km northwest of the launch site. The heat shield was inflated and the IRDT separated from the upper stage. It then passed through the upper atmospheric layers that imposed the highest dynamic pressure, heat flux and acceleration loads onto the system. The IRDT landed inside the predicted area at 54 deg E and 51 deg N near the Kazakhstan border. Unfortunately, a tear occurred in the inflatable shield during descent resulting in a higher velocity and a heavier than expected impact on landing, resulting in some damage to the lower part of the IRDT. The IRDT was collected by helicopter so that the memory unit of the sensor package, with all recorded data, could be analysed. An initial data check confirmed that all experiments in the sensor package worked perfectly.
  • 2000 March 20 18:28 - Dumsat Launch Vehicle: Soyuz 11A511U. Soyuz 11A511U /Fregat ST08 Apogee: 17,687 km (10,990 mi). Cluster 2 Composite Mock-Up validation flight. Mass model of a pair of Cluster II scientific satellites built by Aerospatiale Matra. Second test launch of the Soyuz-Fregat launch vehicle.
  • 2000 July 16 12:39 - Samba Launch Vehicle: Soyuz 11A511U. Soyuz 11A511U A15000-069 /Fregat ST09 Apogee: 116,279 km (72,252 mi). The first two European Space Agency Cluster II satellites, Samba (FM7) and Salsa (FM6) were launched into an initial 200 km / 64.8 deg circular orbit. The Fregat upper stage then burned once before ejecting the satellites into a 250 x 18072 km x 64.7 deg transfer orbit. Both satellites then used their Astrium (former MBB) S400 liquid engines in a series of four additional burns before reaching their final 16869 x 121098 km x 90.6 deg orbits. Each magnetosphere research satellite deployed four 50-meter wire antennas.
  • 2000 August 9 11:13 - Rumba Launch Vehicle: Soyuz 11A511U. Soyuz 11A511U A15000-070 /Fregat ST10 Apogee: 116,297 km (72,263 mi).
  • 2000 September 29 09:30 - Cosmos 2373 Launch Vehicle: Soyuz 11A511U. Apogee: 285 km (177 mi). Twentieth Kometa cartographic satellite, using the Yantar service module with a Vostok-type reentry vehicle. It was announced as a dual civil-military geodetic mission. After a day it raised its orbit to 211 x 285 km x 70.4 deg. Landed near Orenburg, Russia on November 14. Deorbit burn was probably around 2230 GMT; the Vostok-style sphere landed at 2253 GMT.
  • 2003 December 27 21:30 - Amos-2 Launch Vehicle: Soyuz FG. Soyuz FG/Fregat Apogee: 35,784 km (22,235 mi). Intermediate orbit shown. Fregat stage later placed Amos-2 in geostationary orbit. As of 2007 Mar 9 located at 4.00W drifting at 0.003W degrees per day.
  • 2005 November 9 03:33 - Venus Express Launch Vehicle: Soyuz FG. Soyuz FG s/n 010 / Fregat ST-14 s/n 1010 Launch delayed from October 26. The Soyuz placed the probe and Fregat upper stage into a 30 km x 190 km x 51.6 deg orbit around the earth. At apogee the Fregat stage made a 50 m/s maneuver to circularize the orbit. At the appropriate moment in this parking orbit, the Fregat fired again, then separated from the now Venus-bound probe at 05:11 GMT. Venus Express passed lunar orbit on November 10 at 10:10 GMT and went into a 0.702 AU x 0.993 AU x 0.26 deg inclination solar orbit. It was to brake itself into a 250 km x 326,550 km x 89.7 deg orbit around Venus on 11 April 2006 at 08:40 GMT. Two maneuvers would put in its final 24-hour Venus orbit of 282 x 66,911 km x 90.0 deg on 30 April. This was selected to synchronise the satellite with tracking stations on earth, while the planet slowly revolves below its perigee point over the following several months.
  • 2005 December 28 05:19 - Giove-A Launch Vehicle: Soyuz FG. Soyuz FG s/n 015 / Fregat ST-15 s/n 1009 Apogee: 23,616 km (14,674 mi). Delayed from September, October, December 26. Galileo In-Orbit Validation Element, a prototype for the Galileo European navigation satellite network. Giove carried carried two rubidium atomic clocks and a large L-band phased array antenna.
  • 2006 September 14 13:41 - Cosmos 2423 Launch Vehicle: Soyuz 11A511U. Apogee: 306 km (190 mi). Military surveillance; believed to be a derivative of the Orlets-1 multiple-capsule-return reconnaisance sattelite. Destroyed in orbit on November 17 at the end of its mission.
  • 2006 October 19 16:28 - Metop-A Launch Vehicle: Soyuz ST. Soyuz-2-1A Apogee: 817 km (507 mi). European polar weather satellite equipped with high-resolution visible and infrared cameras, a microwave sounder, ozone monitors, a GPS atmospheric sounding device, a wind scatterometer, and a search and rescue package. First launch of the Soyuz 2 version of the venerable Soyuz launch vehicle. The main change in this first version of the new booster was a digital control system. Problems with this system delayed the launch repeatedly.
  • 2007 October 20 20:12 - Globalstar FM70 Launch Vehicle: Soyuz FG. Soyuz FG Fregat Apogee: 931 km (578 mi).
  • 2007 October 20 20:12 - Globalstar FM66 Launch Vehicle: Soyuz FG. Soyuz FG Fregat Apogee: 932 km (579 mi). Last of the first generation Globalstar satellites, launched to replenish the constellation. The Fregat stage made three burns to deploy the satellites into circular orbit, and then deorbit itself to a reentry over the Pacific Ocean.
  • 2007 October 20 20:12 - Globalstar FM68 Launch Vehicle: Soyuz FG. Soyuz FG Fregat Apogee: 930 km (570 mi).
  • 2007 October 20 20:12 - Globalstar FM67 Launch Vehicle: Soyuz FG. Soyuz FG Fregat Apogee: 935 km (580 mi).
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
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