Barents Sea Credit - © Mark Wade

Launch area for Russian submarines firing submarine-launched ballistic missiles on suborbital or orbital trajectories.

• Name: Barents Launch Area, Barentsovo More, Murmansk Oblast'. Latitude: 69.5000 N. Longitude: 34.2000 E. Launch Pads: 1.

• 1977 March 18 - Test mission Launch Vehicle: R-29. Vysota Apogee: 1,000 km (600 mi). Launched from a Russian submarine.

• 1977 March 20 - Test mission Launch Vehicle: R-29. Vysota Apogee: 1,000 km (600 mi). Launched from a Russian submarine.

• 1986 Sep - Test mission Launch Vehicle: R-29. Vysota Apogee: 1,000 km (600 mi).

• 1995 June 6 22:10 - Volan? Test mission? Launch Vehicle: R-29. Volna VMF RF Apogee: 1,270 km (780 mi).

• 1996 July 15 - Operational Test mission Launch Vehicle: R-29. Vysota Apogee: 1,000 km (600 mi).

• 1996 July 15 - Operational Test mission Launch Vehicle: R-29. Shtil Apogee: 1,000 km (600 mi).

• 1996 October 3 - Operational Test mission Launch Vehicle: R-29. Shtil Apogee: 1,000 km (600 mi). Launched from a Russian submarine.

• 1996 October 23 - Missile launched to destruction under Arms Control Treaty provisions Launch Vehicle: R-39. Rif Apogee: 3.00 km (1.80 mi).

• 1997 January 15 - Operational Test mission Launch Vehicle: R-29. Volna Apogee: 1,000 km (600 mi).

• 1997 March 27 - Missile launched to destruction under Arms Control Treaty provisions Launch Vehicle: R-39. Rif Apogee: 3.00 km (1.80 mi).

• 1997 Mar 27? - Missile launched to destruction under Arms Control Treaty provisions Launch Vehicle: R-39. Rif Apogee: 3.00 km (1.80 mi).

• 1997 Mar 27? - Missile launched to destruction under Arms Control Treaty provisions Launch Vehicle: R-39. Rif Apogee: 3.00 km (1.80 mi).

• 1997 March 27 - Missile launched to destruction under Arms Control Treaty provisions Launch Vehicle: R-39. Rif Apogee: 3.00 km (1.80 mi).

• 1997 Mar 27? - Missile launched to destruction under Arms Control Treaty provisions Launch Vehicle: R-39. Rif Apogee: 3.00 km (1.80 mi).

• 1997 March 27 - Missile launched to destruction under Arms Control Treaty provisions Launch Vehicle: R-39. Rif Apogee: 3.00 km (1.80 mi).

• 1997 March 27 - Missile launched to destruction under Arms Control Treaty provisions Launch Vehicle: R-39. Rif Apogee: 3.00 km (1.80 mi).

• 1997 Mar 27? - Missile launched to destruction under Arms Control Treaty provisions Launch Vehicle: R-39. Rif Apogee: 3.00 km (1.80 mi).

• 1997 Mar 27? - Missile launched to destruction under Arms Control Treaty provisions Launch Vehicle: R-39. Rif Apogee: 3.00 km (1.80 mi).

• 1997 March 27 - Missile launched to destruction under Arms Control Treaty provisions Launch Vehicle: R-39. Rif Apogee: 3.00 km (1.80 mi).

• 1997 March 28 - Missile launched to destruction under Arms Control Treaty provisions Launch Vehicle: R-39. Rif Apogee: 3.00 km (1.80 mi).

• 1997 March 28 - Missile launched to destruction under Arms Control Treaty provisions Launch Vehicle: R-39. Rif Apogee: 3.00 km (1.80 mi).

• 1997 March 28 - Missile launched to destruction under Arms Control Treaty provisions Launch Vehicle: R-39. Rif Apogee: 3.00 km (1.80 mi).

• 1997 Mar 28? - Missile launched to destruction under Arms Control Treaty provisions Launch Vehicle: R-39. Rif Apogee: 3.00 km (1.80 mi).

• 1997 Mar 28? - Missile launched to destruction under Arms Control Treaty provisions Launch Vehicle: R-39. Rif Apogee: 3.00 km (1.80 mi).

• 1997 Mar 28? - Missile launched to destruction under Arms Control Treaty provisions Launch Vehicle: R-39. Rif Apogee: 3.00 km (1.80 mi).

• 1997 March 28 - Missile launched to destruction under Arms Control Treaty provisions Launch Vehicle: R-39. Rif Apogee: 3.00 km (1.80 mi).

• 1997 Mar 28? - Missile launched to destruction under Arms Control Treaty provisions Launch Vehicle: R-39. Rif Apogee: 3.00 km (1.80 mi).

• 1997 March 28 - Missile launched to destruction under Arms Control Treaty provisions Launch Vehicle: R-39. Rif Apogee: 3.00 km (1.80 mi).

• 1997 Mar 28? - Missile launched to destruction under Arms Control Treaty provisions Launch Vehicle: R-39. Rif Apogee: 3.00 km (1.80 mi).

• 1997 Mar 28? - Missile launched to destruction under Arms Control Treaty provisions Launch Vehicle: R-39. Rif Apogee: 3.00 km (1.80 mi).

• 1997 December 3 - Missile launched to destruction under Arms Control Treaty provisions Launch Vehicle: R-39. Rif Apogee: 10 km (6 mi).

• 1997 December 3 - Missile launched to destruction under Arms Control Treaty provisions Launch Vehicle: R-39. Rif Apogee: 10 km (6 mi).

• 1997 December 3 - Missile launched to destruction under Arms Control Treaty provisions Launch Vehicle: R-39. Rif Apogee: 10 km (6 mi).

• 1997 December 3 - Missile launched to destruction under Arms Control Treaty provisions Launch Vehicle: R-39. Rif Apogee: 10 km (6 mi).

• 1997 December 3 - Missile launched to destruction under Arms Control Treaty provisions Launch Vehicle: R-39. Rif Apogee: 10 km (6 mi).

• 1997 December 3 - Missile launched to destruction under Arms Control Treaty provisions Launch Vehicle: R-39. Rif Apogee: 10 km (6 mi).

• 1997 December 3 - Missile launched to destruction under Arms Control Treaty provisions Launch Vehicle: R-39. Rif Apogee: 10 km (6 mi).

• 1997 December 3 - Missile launched to destruction under Arms Control Treaty provisions Launch Vehicle: R-39. Rif Apogee: 10 km (6 mi).

• 1997 December 3 - Missile launched to destruction under Arms Control Treaty provisions Launch Vehicle: R-39. Rif Apogee: 10 km (6 mi).

• 1997 December 3 - Missile launched to destruction under Arms Control Treaty provisions Launch Vehicle: R-39. Rif Apogee: 10 km (6 mi).

• 1997 December 3 - Missile launched to destruction under Arms Control Treaty provisions Launch Vehicle: R-39. Rif Apogee: 10 km (6 mi).

• 1997 December 3 - Missile launched to destruction under Arms Control Treaty provisions Launch Vehicle: R-39. Rif Apogee: 10 km (6 mi).

• 1997 December 4 - Missile launched to destruction under Arms Control Treaty provisions Launch Vehicle: R-39. Rif Apogee: 10 km (6 mi).

• 1997 December 4 - Missile launched to destruction under Arms Control Treaty provisions Launch Vehicle: R-39. Rif Apogee: 10 km (6 mi).

• 1997 December 4 - Missile launched to destruction under Arms Control Treaty provisions Launch Vehicle: R-39. Rif Apogee: 10 km (6 mi).

• 1997 December 4 - Missile launched to destruction under Arms Control Treaty provisions Launch Vehicle: R-39. Rif Apogee: 10 km (6 mi).

• 1997 December 4 - Missile launched to destruction under Arms Control Treaty provisions Launch Vehicle: R-39. Rif Apogee: 10 km (6 mi).

• 1997 December 4 - Missile launched to destruction under Arms Control Treaty provisions Launch Vehicle: R-39. Rif Apogee: 10 km (6 mi).

• 1997 December 4 - Missile launched to destruction under Arms Control Treaty provisions Launch Vehicle: R-39. Rif Apogee: 10 km (6 mi).

• 1997 December 4 - Missile launched to destruction under Arms Control Treaty provisions Launch Vehicle: R-39. Rif Apogee: 10 km (6 mi).

• 1998 February 19 - Operational Test mission Launch Vehicle: R-29. Shtil Apogee: 1,000 km (600 mi).

• 1998 February 19 - Operational Test mission Launch Vehicle: R-29. Shtil Apogee: 1,000 km (600 mi).

• 1998 July 7 03:15 - Tubsat-N Launch Vehicle: R-29. LC: Submarine K-407. Apogee: 776 km (482 mi). The first satellite launch from a submarine. The Shtil-1 launch vehicle was a converted Makeyev R-29RM SLBM. The satellite payload was placed in the standard re-entry vehicle. The launch platform was the K-407 Novomoskovsk, a 667BDRM Delfin class submarine of the Russian Northern Fleet 3rd Flotilla. The launch was made from a firing range in the Barents Sea off the coast of the Kolskiy Peninsula, at 35.3 deg E 69.3 deg N. The payloads were the Tubsat-N and Tubsat-N1 `nanosatellites'. Tubsat-N entered a 400 x 776 km x 78.9 deg orbit. Both carried small store-forward communications payloads used to keep track of transmitters placed on vehicles, migrating animals, and marine buoys. They are owned, operated and built by the Technische Universitat Berlin (TUB). Tubsat-N was the larger of the pair, with dimensions of 32x32x10.4 cm and a mass of 8.5 kg.

• 1998 August 21 - Operational Test mission Launch Vehicle: R-29. Volna Apogee: 1,000 km (600 mi).

• 1999 April 1 - Operational Test mission Launch Vehicle: R-29. Volna Apogee: 1,000 km (600 mi).

• 1999 October 1 - Operational Test mission Launch Vehicle: R-29. Failure. Volna Apogee: 10 km (6 mi).

• 1999 November 17 - Test mission Launch Vehicle: R-39. Rif Apogee: 1,000 km (600 mi).

• 1999 November 17 - Test mission Launch Vehicle: R-39. Rif Apogee: 1,000 km (600 mi).

• 2000 March 27 06:00 - Operational Test mission Launch Vehicle: R-29. Shtil Apogee: 1,000 km (600 mi). Three launches in one day from two submarines.

• 2000 March 27 09:00 - Operational Test mission Launch Vehicle: R-29. Shtil Apogee: 1,000 km (600 mi).

• 2000 April 6 - Operational Test mission Launch Vehicle: R-29. Shtil Apogee: 1,000 km (600 mi).

• 2000 September 12 - Operational Test mission Launch Vehicle: R-29. Shtil' VMF RF Apogee: 1,000 km (600 mi).

• 2000 December 27 - Operational Test mission Launch Vehicle: R-29. Shtil Apogee: 1,000 km (600 mi).

• 2001 February 16 10:28 - Operational Test mission Launch Vehicle: R-29. Shtil' VMF RF Apogee: 1,000 km (600 mi). Launched from a Russian submarine.

• 2001 June 5 11:32 - Operational Test mission Launch Vehicle: R-29. Shtil' VMF RF Apogee: 1,000 km (600 mi). Launched from a Russian submarine.

• 2001 July 20 00:31 - Cosmos 1 Solar Sail Spacecraft Test mission Launch Vehicle: R-29. Volna Apogee: 412 km (256 mi). Launch delayed from April 26 and July 19 failure. The Russian Navy launched a three-stage R-29R Volna from the submarine Borisoglebsk in the Barents Sea on a suborbital flight. The payload was a joint project between the Planetary Society and NPO Lavochkin's Babakin center, and consisted of a solar sail deployment test with an inflatable reentry shield. The payload failed to separate from the final stage.

• 2001 September 27 - Operational Test mission Launch Vehicle: R-29. Shtil' VMF RF Apogee: 1,000 km (600 mi).

• 2001 September 27 - Operational Test mission Launch Vehicle: R-29. Shtil' VMF RF Apogee: 1,000 km (600 mi).

• 2002 July 12 00:58 - IRDT-2 re-entry vehicle test flight Launch Vehicle: R-29. Volna LC: Submarine K-44 Ryazan. Apogee: 200 km (120 mi). The Russian Navy launched the IRDT-2 spacecraft using a surplus R-29R Volna from the submarine K-44 Ryazan. The spacecraft was launched on a suborbital trajectory from the Barents Sea and landed in Kamchatka. After third stage separation the IRDT fired a boost motor to increase its speed and then inflated the first stage of its heat shield.

• 2002 October 12 09:55 - Operational Test mission Launch Vehicle: R-29. Shtil' VMF RF Apogee: 1,000 km (600 mi).

• 2003 October 15 10:03 - RSM-54 test launch Launch Vehicle: R-29. R-29RM

• 2004 February 18 09:30 - Sineva operational test mission Launch Vehicle: R-29. Failure. Sineva VMF RF Apogee: 10 km (6 mi). Failure - destroyed 98 seconds after launch. Launched during a nationwide military exercise.

• 2004 March 17 12:08 - Operational Test mission Launch Vehicle: R-29. Shtil' VMF RF Apogee: 1,000 km (600 mi). SLBM Test

• 2004 March 17 - Operational Test mission Launch Vehicle: R-29. Shtil' VMF RF Apogee: 1,000 km (600 mi). SLBM Test

• 2004 June 29 07:25 - Operational Test mission Launch Vehicle: R-29. R-29RM Apogee: 1,000 km (600 mi). SLBM Test

• 2004 September 8 07:38 - Operational Test mission Launch Vehicle: R-29. R-29RM Apogee: 1,000 km (600 mi). SLBM Test - second launch in one day.

• 2004 September 8 04:38 - Operational Test mission Launch Vehicle: R-29. R-29RM Apogee: 1,000 km (600 mi). SLBM Test

• 2004 September 23 - Test mission Launch Vehicle: Topol M. Bulava Apogee: 1,000 km (600 mi). Test of naval version of Topol M ICBM.

• 2005 June 21 19:46 - Cosmos 1 Launch Vehicle: R-29. Volna Launched from SSBN Borisoglebsk. First orbital flight attempt of converted SLBM. Payload was solar sail demonstrator. Delayed from late 2001; March 20 and October 2002; late March, August 28 and October, 2003; February, March, April 6, May 20 and 31, 2005.

• 2005 August 17 - RSM-54 test Launch Vehicle: R-29. R-29RM LC: SSBN Yekaterinenburg .

• 2005 October 6 21:30 - IRDT-2R Launch Vehicle: R-29. Volna LC: Borisoglebsk Submarine. Suborbital test of the Demonstrator inflatable reentry technology test vehicle. The reentry vehicle could not be located in the Kamchatka Peninsula impact zone and was not recovered. Test delayed from the fourth quarter of 2003, then May and October 2004, then July 5, July 8, September 15, September 27, 2005.

• 2005 October 7 21:30 - RSM-54 Test Launch Vehicle: R-29. R-29RM

• 2006 May 26 18:50 - Kompass-2 Launch Vehicle: R-29. Shtil-1/1N LC: SSBN K-84 Yekaterinenburg . Apogee: 492 km (305 mi). Complex Orbital Magneto-Plasma Autonomous Small Satellite. Earthquake research satellite for the Moscow-based IZMIRAN science institute. The satellite carried detectors for electrons, UHF/VHF waves, UV emission and radiation, a radio frequency analyser for electric field waves, and a Mayak ionospheric beacon. Reports indicated that the satellite did not respond to ground commands and that its mission was abandoned.

• 2006 June 30 06:25 - R-29RM test Launch Vehicle: R-29. R-29RM LC: K-84. Apogee: 1,000 km (600 mi). OT

• McDowell, Jonathan, Jonathan's Space Home Page, Harvard University, 1997-present. Jonathan McDowell's complete on-line listing of all objects orbited and over 20,000 rocket launches Accessed at: http://www.planet4589.org/jsr.html.