Cape Canaveral Credit - © Mark Wade

America's largest launch center, used for all manned launches. Today only six of the 40 launch complexes built here remain in use. Located at or near Cape Canaveral are the Kennedy Space Center on Merritt Island, used by NASA for Saturn V and Space Shuttle launches; Patrick AFB on Cape Canaveral itself, operated the US Department of Defense and handling most other launches; the commercial Spaceport Florida; the air-launched launch vehicle and missile Drop Zone off Mayport, Florida, located at 29.00 N 79.00 W, and an offshore submarine-launched ballistic missile launch area. All of these take advantage of the extensive down-range tracking facilities that once extended from the Cape, through the Caribbean, South Atlantic, and to South Africa and the Indian Ocean.

Spaceport Florida consisted of one launch complex, including a pad and a remote control center; a small payload preparation facility; and an RLV support facility. The Florida Space Authority invested over $500 million to upgrade launch sites, build an RLV support complex adjacent to the Shuttle Landing Facility, develop a new space operations support complex, and build a state-of-the-art research facility at Kennedy Space Center.

Major planned additions to the Cape Canaveral complexes that were never completed included:

• Four Nova-class booster pads north of the Saturn complex, with the Nova Vertical Assembly Building and its port located at the northernmost tip of the strip of land next to the so-called 'Mosquito Lagoon' (now a national seashore and wildlife refuge). South of the Nova VAB on this strip of land there were also plans for a Solid Rocket Booster check-out / storage building.
• The unbuilt LC-42, which was intended to be used by Titan 3 and 4 rockets. Its would have branched to the north of the Titan causeway., symmetrical to LC-40. It is doubtful that LC-42 will ever be built because it would pose a safety problem to operations from LC-39A.
• A third Saturn 5 pad. LC-39C was the original designation for the pad closest to the Vertical Assembly Building, and LC-39A for the farthest of the three planned pads. When it was decided not to build the third launch pad LC-39C was renamed LC-39A.

• LC1 - Latitude: 28.4650 deg. Longitude: -80.5374 deg. Used by: Snark. First Launch: 1955-01-13. Last Launch: 1960-12-05. Number Launches: 66. This complex was constructed for the Snark winged missile program, and may have supported some Matador combat training launches in the 1950s. The Air Force accepted the sites in 1953, and the complexes continued to support Snark launches through 5 December 1960. The pad served as a helicopter pad for the Mercury manned program in the early 1960s, and supported tethered aerostat (balloon) programs from 1983 through 1989.

• LC2 - Latitude: 28.4657 deg. Longitude: -80.5368 deg. Used by: Snark. First Launch: 1954-02-18. Last Launch: 1960-04-06. Number Launches: 15. This complex was constructed for the Snark winged missile program, and may have supported some Matador combat training launches in the 1950s. The Air Force accepted the sites in 1953, and the complexes continued to support Snark launches through 5 December 1960. The pad served as a helicopter pad for the Mercury manned program in the early 1960s, and supported tethered aerostat (balloon) programs from 1983 through 1989.

• LC3 - Latitude: 28.4655 deg. Longitude: -80.5349 deg. Used by: Bomarc, Polaris, V-2, X-17. First Launch: 1950-07-24. Last Launch: 1959-08-12. Number Launches: 77. This complex was built to support the Bomarc interceptor missile program, but also supported Bumper, Jason, Redstone, X-17 and Polaris ballistic missile operations. The Air Force accepted Complex 3 in November 1951. The location had already supported the Cape's first major launch - Bumper 8 - on 24 July 1950. Following the last Bomarc launch in April 1960, some Bomarc support facilities were converted into a medical support area for Project Mercury. Later the complex supported tethered aerostat programs from 1983 through 1989.

• LC4 - Latitude: 28.4669 deg. Longitude: -80.5356 deg. Used by: Bomarc, Matador, Redstone. First Launch: 1952-09-10. Last Launch: 1960-04-15. Number Launches: 25. This complex was built to support the Bomarc interceptor missile program, but also supported Bumper, Jason, Redstone, X-17 and Polaris ballistic missile operations. The Air Force accepted Complex 4 in 1952. Following the last Bomarc launch in April 1960, some Bomarc support facilities were converted into a medical support area for Project Mercury. Later the complex supported tethered aerostat programs from 1983 through 1989.

• LC4A - Latitude: 28.4663 deg. Longitude: -80.5362 deg. Used by: Bomarc. First Launch: 1958-09-03. Last Launch: 1959-01-27. Number Launches: 3. This complex was built to support the Bomarc interceptor missile program, but also supported Bumper, Jason, Redstone, X-17 and Polaris ballistic missile operations. The Air Force accepted Complex 4 in 1952. Following the last Bomarc launch in April 1960, some Bomarc support facilities were converted into a medical support area for Project Mercury. Later the complex supported tethered aerostat programs from 1983 through 1989.

• LC5 - Latitude: 28.4394 deg. Longitude: -80.5733 deg. Used by: Jupiter, Redstone. First Launch: 1956-07-19. Last Launch: 1961-07-21. Number Launches: 23. Pad 5 supported its first Jupiter A launch on 19 July 1956. In addition to Redstone and Jupiter launches, the complex supported Explorer and Pioneer missions and all six Redstone /Mercury suborbital flights. On 31 January 1964, Complexes 5 and 6 were reassigned to become part of the USAF Space Museum.

• LC6 - Latitude: 28.4407 deg. Longitude: -80.5726 deg. Used by: Jupiter, Redstone. First Launch: 1955-04-20. Last Launch: 1961-06-27. Number Launches: 43. Pad 6 supported its first Redstone launch on 20 April 1955, three months before the complex was finally accepted by the U.S. Government. In addition to Redstone and Jupiter launches, the complex supported Explorer and Pioneer missions and all six Redstone /Mercury suborbital flights. On 31 January 1964, Complexes 5 and 6 were reassigned to become part of the USAF Space Museum.

• LC9 - Latitude: 28.4520 deg. Longitude: -80.5562 deg. Used by: Navaho. First Launch: 1956-11-06. Last Launch: 1958-11-18. Number Launches: 10. The complex was built to support the Navaho winged intercontinental missile program. The Air Force accepted both sites 9 and 10 on 29 June 1956. Complex 9 and 10 supported its first Navaho launch on 6 November 1956. In all, 11 Navaho XSM-64 vehicles were launched from the sites. Both complexes were demolished in 1959 to make room for Minuteman complexes 31 and 32.

• LC10 - Latitude: 28.4505 deg. Longitude: -80.5568 deg. Used by: Draco, Jason, Navaho. First Launch: 1957-08-12. Last Launch: 1959-04-27. Number Launches: 10. The complex was built to support the Navaho winged intercontinental missile program. The Air Force accepted both sites 9 and 10 on 29 June 1956. Complex 10 supported its first Navaho launch on 622 March 1957 respectively. In all, 11 Navaho XSM-64 vehicles were launched from the sites. Both complexes were demolished in 1959 to make room for Minuteman complexes 31 and 32.

• LC11 - Latitude: 28.4753 deg. Longitude: -80.5395 deg. Used by: Atlas. First Launch: 1958-07-19. Last Launch: 1964-04-01. Number Launches: 33. The complex was built for the Atlas ballistic missile program. Launch sites 11 to 14 were accepted between August 1957 and mid-April 1958. Complex 11 supported 28 Atlas launches and five Atlas Advanced Ballistic Reentry System flights between 19 July 1958 and 2 April 1964. Complexes 11, 12 and 14 were deactivated in 1967.

• LC12 - Latitude: 28.4805 deg. Longitude: -80.5420 deg. Used by: Atlas. First Launch: 1958-01-10. Last Launch: 1967-11-05. Number Launches: 38. The complex was built for the Atlas ballistic missile program. Launch sites 11 to 14 were accepted between August 1957 and mid-April 1958. Complex 12 supported its first Atlas launch on 10 January 1958, and it supported nine Ranger missions and four Mariner missions between 12 August 1961 and 15 June 1967. Complexes 11, 12 and 14 were deactivated in 1967, and Complex 13 was deactivated in April 1978.

• LC13 - Latitude: 28.4859 deg. Longitude: -80.5444 deg. Used by: Atlas. First Launch: 1958-08-02. Last Launch: 1978-04-07. Number Launches: 52. The complex was built for the Atlas ballistic missile program. Launch sites 11 to 14 were accepted between August 1957 and mid-April 1958. Complex 13 supported its first Atlas launch on 2 August 1958. After its final Atlas missile launch on 13 February 1962, Complex 13 was converted into an Atlas /Agena launch complex. Three pairs of VELA satellites were launched from Complex 13 before the site was turned over to NASA in 1966. Following a series of civilian Atlas /Agena missions, Complex 13 was returned to the Air Force in March 1968. The site supported 11 Atlas /Agena space flights for the Defense Department between 6 August 1968 and 7 April 1978. In all, Complex 13 supported 51 ATLAS and Atlas /Agena launches. Complex 13 was deactivated in April 1978. Complex 14 and the gantry on Complex 13 were declared national historic landmarks in April 1984.

• LC14 - Latitude: 28.4911 deg. Longitude: -80.5469 deg. Used by: Atlas. First Launch: 1957-06-11. Last Launch: 1966-11-11. Number Launches: 32. The complex was built for the Atlas ballistic missile program. Launch sites 11 to 14 were accepted between August 1957 and mid-April 1958. After its final Atlas missile launch, Complex 14 was converted into an Atlas /Agena launch complex, and later turned over to NASA. Complex 14 supported 32 Atlas and Atlas/Agena missions, including four manned Mercury missions and seven unmanned Gemini target vehicle launches. Complexes 11, 12 and 14 were deactivated in 1967. Complex 14 and the gantry on Complex 13 were declared national historic landmarks in April 1984.

• LC15 - Latitude: 28.4963 deg. Longitude: -80.5493 deg. Used by: Titan. First Launch: 1959-02-06. Last Launch: 1964-04-09. Number Launches: 26. Complexes 15, 16, 19, and 20 were built for the Titan ballistic missile program. The sites were accepted by the U.S. Government between February and mid-September 1959. All four sites supported Titan I launches in 1959 and the early 1960s, and complexes 15 and 16 supported Titan II launches between 16 March 1962 and 10 April 1964. Complex 15 was deactivated in March 1967, and it was dismantled three months later.

• LC16 - Latitude: 28.5017 deg. Longitude: -80.5518 deg. Used by: Pershing, Titan. First Launch: 1959-12-12. Last Launch: 1988-03-21. Number Launches: 150. Complexes 15, 16, 19, and 20 were built for the Titan ballistic missile program. The sites were accepted by the U.S. Government between February and mid-September 1959. All four sites supported Titan I launches in 1959 and the early 1960s, and complexes 15 and 16 supported Titan II launches between 16 March 1962 and 10 April 1964. Complex 16 was reassigned to NASA in January 1965 to support static firings of the Apollo service module propulsion engine. Complex 16 was deactivated in 1969, and it was returned to the Air Force in 1972. The site was subsequently reassigned to the U.S. Army, and it supported 79 Pershing 1A and 49 Pershing II ballistic missile launches between 7 May 1974 and 22 March 1988. Complex 16 was deactivated in 1988 in accordance with the Intermediate Nuclear Forces (INF) Treaty, and its Pershing equipment was removed.

• LC17A - Latitude: 28.4472 deg. Longitude: -80.5649 deg. Used by: Delta. First Launch: 1957-08-30. Last Launch: 2007-12-20. Number Launches: 158. The LC17 dual launch pad complex was built for the Thor ballistic missile program in 1956. Pad 17A supported its first Thor launch on 30 August 1957. In addition to Thor missile launches, Complex 17 began supporting space launches in the late 1950s. The site was modified in the early 1960s to support a whole host of launch vehicles derived from the basic Thor booster. Thirty-five Delta missions were launched from Complex 17 between the beginning of 1960 and the end of 1965. Six ASSET (Aerothermodynamic/Elastic Structural Systems Environmental Test) launches were also conducted at Complex 17 between 18 September 1963 and 24 February 1965. The Air Force transferred Complex 17 to NASA in the spring of 1965, but the site was returned to the Air Force in October 1988 to support the Delta II program. In all, Complex 17 supported 274 major missile and space launches between January 1957 and the end of October 1998.

• LC17B - Latitude: 28.4458 deg. Longitude: -80.5656 deg. Used by: Delta. First Launch: 1957-01-26. Last Launch: 2007-09-27. Number Launches: 161. This dual launch pad complex was built for the Thor ballistic missile program in 1956. Pad 17A supported its first Thor launch on 30 August 1957, and Pad 17B supported its first Thor launch on 25 January 1957. In addition to Thor missile launches, Complex 17 began supporting space launches in the late 1950s. The site was modified in the early 1960s to support a whole host of launch vehicles derived from the basic Thor booster. Thirty-five Delta missions were launched from Complex 17 between the beginning of 1960 and the end of 1965. Six ASSET (Aerothermodynamic/Elastic Structural Systems Environmental Test) launches were also conducted at Complex 17 between 18 September 1963 and 24 February 1965. The Air Force transferred Complex 17 to NASA in the spring of 1965, but the site was returned to the Air Force in October 1988 to support the Delta II program. As Delta II launches continued over the next decade, Pad 17B was modified in 1997 to support a new, more powerful launch vehicle - the Delta III. In all, Complex 17 supported 274 major missile and space launches between January 1957 and the end of October 1998.

• LC18A - Latitude: 28.4501 deg. Longitude: -80.5625 deg. Used by: Scout, Vanguard, Viking. First Launch: 1956-12-08. Last Launch: 1965-06-09. Number Launches: 24. The LC18 complex included two launch pads 18A and 18B. Pad 18A was used to launch 14 Vanguard space vehicles for NASA and the U.S. Navy between 8 December 1956 and 19 September 1959. Following termination of the Vanguard program, Pad 18A supported ten Blue Scout Junior launches for the Air Force between 21 September 1960 and 10 June 1965. Complex 18 was deactivated on 1 February 1967.

• LC18B - Latitude: 28.4490 deg. Longitude: -80.5618 deg. Used by: Delta, Scout. First Launch: 1958-06-04. Last Launch: 1962-04-12. Number Launches: 23. The LC18 complex included two launch pads 18A and 18B. Pad 18B supported 17 Thor missile launches between 4 June 1958 and 1 March 1960. Pad 18B supported half a dozen Blue Scout I, Blue Scout II and Scout missions between 7 January 1961 and 13 April 1962. Complex 18 was deactivated on 1 February 1967.

• LC19 - Latitude: 28.5069 deg. Longitude: -80.5542 deg. Used by: Titan. First Launch: 1959-08-14. Last Launch: 1966-11-11. Number Launches: 27. Complexes 15, 16, 19, and 20 were built for the Titan ballistic missile program. The sites were accepted by the U.S. Government between February and mid-September 1959. All four sites supported Titan I launches in 1959 and the early 1960s. In 1962 and 1963, Complex 19 was converted into the space program's only manned Titan II/Gemini launch complex. It supported two unmanned and ten manned Gemini missions between 8 April 1964 and 16 November 1966. Complex 19 was deactivated on 10 April 1967, and it was declared a national historic landmark in April 1984.

• LC20 - Latitude: 28.5121 deg. Longitude: -80.5567 deg. Used by: Aries, Loki, Prospector, Super Chief, Titan. First Launch: 1960-07-01. Last Launch: 2000-12-13. Number Launches: 28. Complexes 15, 16, 19, and 20 were built for the Titan ballistic missile program. The sites were accepted by the U.S. Government between February and mid-September 1959. All four sites supported Titan I launches in 1959 and the early 1960s. Complex 20 was modified to support four Titan IIIA flights which took place between 1 September 1964 and 7 May 1965. The site was deactivated in April 1967, but it got a new lease on life toward the end of the 1980s. Complex 20 was selected for the Starbird program in 1987, and it supported a Starbird launch on 18 December 1990. Between 18 June 1991 and 29 May 1993, the complex supported the commercial Joust-1 launch and four Red Tigress and Red Tigress II missions sponsored by the Strategic Defense Initiative Organization. Much of Complex 20's electronic equipment and both of its rail launchers were removed in 1995, rendering the site inactive.

• LC21/1 - Latitude: 28.4605 deg. Longitude: -80.5402 deg. Used by: Goose, Mace. First Launch: 1958-07-24. Last Launch: 1963-07-17. Number Launches: 38. Launcher 1. In the mid-1950s, a launch area near the Cape Lighthouse was set aside for complexes 21 and 22 to support the Air Force's winged Bull Goose decoy missile project. Construction started in 1956, and the Air Force accepted both complexes on 26 February 1957. In all, the complexes supported five dummy and 15 live Bull Goose and Goose missile launches between 13 March 1957 and 6 December 1958. In 1959 and 1960, the sites were rebuilt to support a total of 44 Mace and Mace B winged cruise missile launches. The last Mace B was launched on 17 July 1963, and the complexes remained dormant pending reassignment to another program. Both complexes were finally deactivated in the early 1970s.

• LC21/2 - Latitude: 28.4606 deg. Longitude: -80.5401 deg. Used by: Mace. First Launch: 1962-12-04. Last Launch: 1963-06-28. Number Launches: 3. Launcher 2. In the mid-1950s, a launch area near the Cape Lighthouse was set aside for complexes 21 and 22 to support the Air Force's winged Bull Goose decoy missile project. Construction started in 1956, and the Air Force accepted both complexes on 26 February 1957. In all, the complexes supported five dummy and 15 live Bull Goose and Goose missile launches between 13 March 1957 and 6 December 1958. In 1959 and 1960, the sites were rebuilt to support a total of 44 Mace and Mace B winged cruise missile launches. The last Mace B was launched on 17 July 1963, and the complexes remained dormant pending reassignment to another program. Both complexes were finally deactivated in the early 1970s.

• LC22 - Latitude: 28.4610 deg. Longitude: -80.5398 deg. Used by: Goose, Mace. First Launch: 1957-03-13. Last Launch: 1960-06-24. Number Launches: 23. In the mid-1950s, a launch area near the Cape Lighthouse was set aside for complexes 21 and 22 to support the Air Force's winged Bull Goose decoy missile project. Construction started in 1956, and the Air Force accepted both complexes on 26 February 1957. In all, the complexes supported five dummy and 15 live Bull Goose and Goose missile launches between 13 March 1957 and 6 December 1958. In 1959 and 1960, the sites were rebuilt to support a total of 44 Mace and Mace B winged cruise missile launches. The last Mace B was launched on 17 July 1963, and the complexes remained dormant pending reassignment to another program. Both complexes were finally deactivated in the early 1970s.

• LC25A - Latitude: 28.4321 deg. Longitude: -80.5743 deg. Used by: Polaris, X-17. First Launch: 1958-04-18. Last Launch: 1965-03-05. Number Launches: 60. Complex 25 was built to support the U.S. Navy's Polaris submarine ballistic missile program. The Navy occupied pad 25A in December 1957. Complex 25 supported 68 Polaris missile launches between 18 April 1958 and 6 March 1965. Pads 25A and 25B were dismantled in September 1969.

• LC25B - Latitude: 28.4303 deg. Longitude: -80.5753 deg. Used by: Polaris. First Launch: 1959-08-14. Last Launch: 1960-08-03. Number Launches: 8. Complex 25 was built to support the U.S. Navy's Polaris submarine ballistic missile program. The Navy occupied pad 25B in January 1958. Complex 25 supported 68 Polaris missile launches between 18 April 1958 and 6 March 1965. Pads 25A and 25B were dismantled in September 1969.

• LC25C - Latitude: 28.4311 deg. Longitude: -80.5764 deg. Used by: Poseidon, Trident. First Launch: 1968-08-16. Last Launch: 1979-01-23. Number Launches: 34. Complex 25 supported the U.S. Navy's submarine ballistic missile programs. Pads 25C and 25D were built in 1967 to support the Navy's Poseidon ballistic missile program. Seventeen Poseidons were launched from pads 25C and 25D between 16 August 1968 and 30 June 1970. Pad 25C supported the Cape's first Trident I ballistic missile launch on 18 January 1977. Seventeen more Trident I missiles were launched from Pad 25C between 15 February 1977 and 24 January 1979. Complex 25 was inactivated and dismantled in 1979.

• LC25D - Latitude: 28.4295 deg. Longitude: -80.5782 deg. Used by: Poseidon. First Launch: 1969-09-17. Last Launch: 1969-09-17. Number Launches: 1. Complex 25 supported the U.S. Navy's submarine ballistic missile programs. Pads 25C and 25D were built in 1967 to support the Navy's Poseidon ballistic missile program. Seventeen Poseidons were launched from pads 25C and 25D between 16 August 1968 and 30 June 1970. Complex 25 was inactivated and dismantled in 1979.

• LC26A - Latitude: 28.4446 deg. Longitude: -80.5705 deg. Used by: Jupiter, Redstone. First Launch: 1957-08-28. Last Launch: 1963-01-23. Number Launches: 14. The LC-26 dual launch pad complex was constructed for the U.S. Army's Redstone and Jupiter missile programs.Construction started in 1956, and both pads were occupied in May 1957. Pad 26A supported its first Jupiter launch on 28 August 1957. At least 36 Redstone, Jupiter, Jupiter C and Juno II launches were conducted from Complex 26 before the site was deactivated in 1964. On 20 November 1964, the complex was reassigned for development as the USAF Space Museum. Since 1966, the USAF Space Museum has been open to the public. The museum includes Complex 26's blockhouse, an exhibit hall and an outdoor display area featuring about 70 missile and space launch vehicles. Complex 26 was declared a national historic landmark in April 1984.

• LC26B - Latitude: 28.4433 deg. Longitude: -80.5712 deg. Used by: Jupiter. First Launch: 1957-10-23. Last Launch: 1961-05-24. Number Launches: 22. This dual launch pad complex was constructed for the U.S. Army's Redstone and Jupiter missile programs.Construction started in 1956, and both pads were occupied in May 1957. Pads 26B supported its first Jupiter launches on 22 October 1957. At least 36 Redstone, Jupiter, Jupiter C and Juno II launches were conducted from Complex 26 before the site was deactivated in 1964. On 20 November 1964, the complex was reassigned for development as the USAF Space Museum. Since 1966, the USAF Space Museum has been open to the public. The museum includes Complex 26's blockhouse, an exhibit hall and an outdoor display area featuring about 70 missile and space launch vehicles. Complex 26 was declared a national historic landmark in April 1984.

• LC29A - Latitude: 28.4296 deg. Longitude: -80.5771 deg. Used by: Polaris. First Launch: 1959-09-21. Last Launch: 1980-05-19. Number Launches: 57. Complex 29 was built to support the U.S. Navy's Polaris submarine ballistic missile program. Construction began in August 1958. The Navy occupied the site in July 1959, and Pad 29A supported 47 Polaris launches between 21 September 1959 and 2 November 1967. The complex was placed on standby status in 1968, and it was upgraded to support the British Chevaline submarine ballistic missile program in the mid 1970s. Complex 29 supported ten Chevaline launches between 12 September 1977 and 20 May 1980. The site was deactivated in 1980.

• LC29B - Latitude: 28.4299 deg. Longitude: -80.5770 deg. Used by: Polaris. First Launch: 1977-11-08. Last Launch: 1977-11-08. Number Launches: 1. Complex 29 was built to support the U.S. Navy's Polaris submarine ballistic missile program. Construction began in August 1958. The Navy occupied the site in July 1959. The complex was placed on standby status in 1968, and it was upgraded to support the British Chevaline submarine ballistic missile program in the mid 1970s. Complex 29 supported ten Chevaline launches between 12 September 1977 and 20 May 1980. The site was deactivated in 1980.

• LC30A - Latitude: 28.4397 deg. Longitude: -80.5795 deg. Used by: Pershing. First Launch: 1960-02-25. Last Launch: 1963-04-24. Number Launches: 54. This complex was built as a dual launch pad facility to support the U.S. Army's Pershing missile program in the early 1960s. The complex was occupied by the Army on 8 January 1960. Between 25 February 1960 and 25 April 1963, Complex 30 supported 49 Pershing launches from its pads or from tactical erector/launchers positioned on or near the pads. Following completion of the Pershing test flight program, the mobile gantry on Complex 26 was dismantled in February 1968. Pershing 1A follow-on tests began at Complex 31 on 21 February 1973.

• LC30B - Latitude: 28.4384 deg. Longitude: -80.5802 deg. This complex was built as a dual launch pad facility to support the U.S. Army's Pershing missile program in the early 1960s. The complex was occupied by the Army on 8 January 1960. Between 25 February 1960 and 25 April 1963, Complex 30 supported 49 Pershing launches from its pads or from tactical erector/launchers positioned on or near the pads. Following completion of the Pershing test flight program, the mobile gantry on Complex 26 was dismantled in February 1968. Pershing 1A follow-on tests began at Complex 31 on 21 February 1973.

• LC30D - Latitude: 28.4391 deg. Longitude: -80.5798 deg. Used by: Pershing. First Launch: 1963-03-04. Last Launch: 1963-03-04. Number Launches: 1. This complex was built as a dual launch pad facility to support the U.S. Army's Pershing missile program in the early 1960s. The complex was occupied by the Army on 8 January 1960. Between 25 February 1960 and 25 April 1963, Complex 30 supported 49 Pershing launches from its pads or from tactical erector/launchers positioned on or near the pads. Following completion of the Pershing test flight program, the mobile gantry on Complex 26 was dismantled in February 1968. Pershing 1A follow-on tests began at Complex 31 on 21 February 1973.

• LC30E - Latitude: 28.4391 deg. Longitude: -80.5798 deg. Used by: Pershing. First Launch: 1963-04-17. Last Launch: 1963-04-17. Number Launches: 1. This complex was built as a dual launch pad facility to support the U.S. Army's Pershing missile program in the early 1960s. The complex was occupied by the Army on 8 January 1960. Between 25 February 1960 and 25 April 1963, Complex 30 supported 49 Pershing launches from its pads or from tactical erector/launchers positioned on or near the pads. Following completion of the Pershing test flight program, the mobile gantry on Complex 26 was dismantled in February 1968. Pershing 1A follow-on tests began at Complex 31 on 21 February 1973.

• LC31A - Latitude: 28.4516 deg. Longitude: -80.5563 deg. Used by: M55E1, Minuteman 1, Pershing. First Launch: 1961-02-01. Last Launch: 1973-03-19. Number Launches: 16. Complexes 31 and 32 were built between July 1959 and July 1960 to support the Air Force's Minuteman missile program. Each complex had one blockhouse and two launch pads. The two "A" pads were constructed as conventional flat pads, and the two "B" pads were built as ballistic missile silos. The sites were modified subsequently to support later versions of the Minuteman missile. Pad 31A supported the first Minuteman I launch on 1 February 1961. In all, 92 Minuteman I, II and III missiles were launched from the complexes between 1 February 1961 and 15 December 1970. In 1973, Pad 31A was used briefly for the Army's Pershing 1A follow-on testing program. Batteries of the 84th and 41st Field Artillery, U.S, Seventh Army, fired 12 Pershing 1As in February and March 1973.

• LC31B - Latitude: 28.4515 deg. Longitude: -80.5552 deg. Used by: Minuteman 1, Minuteman 2, Minuteman 3. First Launch: 1961-12-18. Last Launch: 1969-09-23. Number Launches: 35. Complexes 31 and 32 were built between July 1959 and July 1960 to support the Air Force's Minuteman missile program. Each complex had one blockhouse and two launch pads. The two "A" pads were constructed as conventional flat pads, and the two "B" pads were built as ballistic missile silos. The sites were modified subsequently to support later versions of the Minuteman missile. In all, 92 Minuteman I, II and III missiles were launched from the complexes between 1 February 1961 and 15 December 1970.

• LC32A - Latitude: 28.4537 deg. Longitude: -80.5556 deg. Complexes 31 and 32 were built between July 1959 and July 1960 to support the Air Force's Minuteman missile program. Each complex had one blockhouse and two launch pads. The two "A" pads were constructed as conventional flat pads, and the two "B" pads were built as ballistic missile silos. The sites were modified subsequently to support later versions of the Minuteman missile. In all, 92 Minuteman I, II and III missiles were launched from the complexes between 1 February 1961 and 15 December 1970.

• LC32B - Latitude: 28.4534 deg. Longitude: -80.5545 deg. Used by: Minuteman 1, Minuteman 2, Minuteman 3. First Launch: 1961-08-30. Last Launch: 1970-12-14. Number Launches: 53. Complexes 31 and 32 were built between July 1959 and July 1960 to support the Air Force's Minuteman missile program. Each complex had one blockhouse and two launch pads. The two "A" pads were constructed as conventional flat pads, and the two "B" pads were built as ballistic missile silos. The sites were modified subsequently to support later versions of the Minuteman missile. Pad 32B supported the first Minuteman II and III launches on 24 September 1964 and 16 August 1968 respectively. In all, 92 Minuteman I, II and III missiles were launched from the complexes between 1 February 1961 and 15 December 1970.

• LC34 - Latitude: 28.5218 deg. Longitude: -80.5611 deg. Used by: Saturn I. First Launch: 1961-10-27. Last Launch: 1968-10-11. Number Launches: 7. Complexes 34 and 37 were designed to support NASA's Saturn I and Saturn IB program. Construction started on Complex 34 in June 1959, and NASA accepted the site from the contractor on 10 January 1962. Four Saturn I and three Saturn IB vehicles were launched from Complex 34 between 27 October 1961 and 12 October 1968. Though Complex 34 was held in standby status for possible use in the Skylab program, NASA finally decided to use Complex 39B on Merritt Island instead. Complexes 34 and 37 were mothballed in November 1971, and their service structures were scrapped in April 1972. NASA retained control of both complexes, and both sites became NASA tour stops. Complex 34 was declared a national historic landmark in April 1984.

• LC36A - Latitude: 28.4713 deg. Longitude: -80.5378 deg. Used by: Atlas. First Launch: 1962-05-08. Last Launch: 2004-08-31. Number Launches: 69. This complex was built for the Atlas/Centaur development program, and it was operated under NASA's sponsorship from that program's inception until the late 1980s. The site was built and occupied as a single launch pad complex in February 1961. Complex 36 hosted many historic Surveyor, Mariner, Pioneer and Intelsat IV and V missions over the years. Under NASA's sponsorship, Complex 36 supported its first Fleet Satellite Communications (Fltsatcom) launch on 9 February 1978. Six more Fltsatcom missions were launched from the complex over the next decade. Following the Fltsatcom F-8 mission in late September 1989, NASA surrendered Complex 36 to the Air Force and General Dynamics for military and commercial space operations. The site was modified to handled Atlas/Centaur missions. The first military Atlas II/Centaur mission was launched from Pad 36A on 11 February 1992. In all, the complex supported 118 major launches between 8 May 1962 and the end of October 1998.

• LC36B - Latitude: 28.4682 deg. Longitude: -80.5410 deg. Used by: Atlas, Atlas V. First Launch: 1965-08-11. Last Launch: 2005-02-03. Number Launches: 76. A second pad (36B) was constructed at LC36 between February 1963 and July 1964. Complex 36 hosted many historic Surveyor, Mariner, Pioneer and Intelsat IV and V missions over the years. Under NASA's sponsorship, Complex 36 supported its first Fleet Satellite Communications (Fltsatcom) launch on 9 February 1978. Six more Fltsatcom missions were launched from the complex over the next decade. Following the Fltsatcom F-8 mission in late September 1989, NASA surrendered Complex 36 to the Air Force and General Dynamics for military and commercial space operations. The site was modified to handled Atlas/Centaur missions, and the first commercial Atlas II/Centaur was launched from Pad 36B on 7 December 1991. In all, the complex supported 118 major launches between 8 May 1962 and the end of October 1998.

• LC37A - Latitude: 28.5336 deg. Longitude: -80.5680 deg. omplexes 34 and 37 were designed to support NASA's Saturn I and Saturn IB program. Complex 37 was built in 1962, and it was occupied by NASA in January 1963. Complex 37 supported eight Saturn I and Saturn IB missions, including the first flight of an unmanned Apollo lunar module, between 29 January 1964 and 23 January 1968. Complexes 34 and 37 were mothballed in November 1971, and their service structures were scrapped in April 1972. NASA retained control of both complexes, and both sites became NASA tour stops.

• LC37B - Latitude: 28.5313 deg. Longitude: -80.5644 deg. Used by: Delta IV, Saturn I. First Launch: 1964-01-29. Last Launch: 2007-11-11. Number Launches: 14. Complexes 34 and 37 were designed to support NASA's Saturn I and Saturn IB program. Complex 37 was built in 1962, and it was occupied by NASA in January 1963. Complex 37 supported eight Saturn I and Saturn IB missions, including the first flight of an unmanned Apollo lunar module, between 29 January 1964 and 23 January 1968. Complexes 34 and 37 were mothballed in November 1971, and their service structures were scrapped in April 1972. NASA retained control of both complexes, and both sites became NASA tour stops.

• LC39A - Latitude: 28.6082 deg. Longitude: -80.6040 deg. Used by: Saturn V, Shuttle. First Launch: 1967-11-09. Last Launch: 2007-10-23. Number Launches: 79. LC39A and LC39B, part of the Kennedy Space Center, were built on Merritt Island (north/northwest of the Cape) to support the Saturn V/Apollo lunar landing program. The sites were modified in the last half of the 1970s to support the manned Space Shuttle program. Construction began in December 1963. Complex 39A was completed on 4 October 1965. Complex 39A supported two unmanned and nine manned Saturn V/Apollo missions between 9 November 1967 and 8 December 1972. The site also supported the launch of the Skylab space station on 14 May 1973. Both complexes were modified to support Space Shuttle missions later on. Complex 39A supported the first Space Shuttle launch on 12 April 1981.

• LC39B - Latitude: 28.6272 deg. Longitude: -80.6208 deg. Used by: Saturn I, Saturn V, Shuttle. First Launch: 1969-05-18. Last Launch: 2006-12-10. Number Launches: 58. LC39A and LC39B, part of the Kennedy Space Center, were built on Merritt Island (north/northwest of the Cape) to support the Saturn V/Apollo lunar landing program. The sites were modified in the last half of the 1970s to support the manned Space Shuttle program. Construction began in December 1963. Complex 39B was completed on 30 November 1966. Complex 39B was used for the manned Apollo 10 launch on 18 May 1969. Following modifications in the form of a 'milk stool' to bring the Saturn IB up to the same height as the Saturn V, Complex 39B supported three manned Saturn IB flights to the Skylab space station on 25 May, 28 July and 16 November 1973. The pad also supported the Apollo/Soyuz rendezvous mission launched on 15 July 1975. Both complexes were modified to support Space Shuttle missions later on. Complex 39B supported its first Shuttle launch on 28 January 1986.

• LC39C - Latitude: 28.6439 deg. Longitude: -80.6348 deg. This complex would have been part of the Kennedy Space Center, on Merritt Island (north/northwest of the Cape), and supported the Saturn V/Apollo lunar landing program. However this third Saturn V pad was never built. LC-39C was the original designation for the pad closest to the Vertical Assembly Building, and LC-39A for the farthest of the three planned pads. When it was decided not to build the third launch pad, LC-39C was renamed LC-39A.

• LC39D - Latitude: 28.6675 deg. Longitude: -80.6507 deg. If NASA had received funding for its schemes for manned Mars expeditions and enormous space stations in the 1970's, two additional pads would have been built at LC39 for advanced versions of the Saturn V. LC39D would have been west of the also-unbuilt LC39C.

• LC39E - Latitude: 28.6272 deg. Longitude: -80.6208 deg. If NASA had received funding for its schemes for manned Mars expeditions and enormous space stations in the 1970's, two additional pads would have been built at LC39 for advanced versions of the Saturn V. LC39E would have been northwest of the also-unbuilt LC39C.

• LC40 - Latitude: 28.5620 deg. Longitude: -80.5772 deg. Used by: Titan. First Launch: 1965-06-18. Last Launch: 2005-04-30. Number Launches: 55. Complexes 40 and 41 were constructed as part of a $39 million project to build an Integrate-Transfer-Launch (ITL) facility at the north end of Cape Canaveral in the early 1960s. Both complexes were originally designed to support Titan IIIC space missions, which began from Complex 40 on 18 June 1965. Over the next three decades, the complexes supported a wide variety of military space missions involving Titan IIIC, Titan 34D and Titan IV vehicles. Between June 1990 and June 1993, Complex 40 was almost completely rebuilt under a $425 million renovation project. Complex 40 supported its first Titan IV/Centaur launch on 7 February 1994. By the end of October 1998, the complexes had supported a total of 72 Titan IIIC, Titan IIIE, Titan 34D and Titan IV missions.

• LC41 - Latitude: 28.5834 deg. Longitude: -80.5829 deg. Used by: Atlas V, Titan. First Launch: 1965-12-21. Last Launch: 2007-12-10. Number Launches: 39. Complexes 40 and 41 were constructed as part of a $39 million project to build an Integrate-Transfer-Launch (ITL) facility at the north end of Cape Canaveral in the early 1960s. Complex 41 supported its first Titan IIIC launch on 21 December 1965. Over the next three decades, the complexes supported a wide variety of military space missions involving Titan IIIC, Titan 34D and Titan IV vehicles. Complex 41 had an additional distinction as the Titan IIIE/Centaur launch site for NASA's Viking missions to Mars in 1975 and NASA's Voyager missions to the outer planets in 1977. Though Complex 41 was deactivated at the end of 1977, it was upgraded for the Titan IV program in the 1986-88 period under a $57 million refurbishment project. Complex 41 supported its first Titan IV launch on 14 June 1989. In October 1999, Complex 41 was demolished with high explosives in order for a new pad for launch of the Atlas 5 rocket to be erected. By then it had been the starting point for 27 Titan flights. The last two, in August 1998 and April 1999, ended in failure. The Titan umbilical towers weren't be needed for the Atlas 5, which would be transported from its assembly hall to the pad 12 hours before liftoff.

• LC42 - Latitude: 28.4667 deg. Longitude: -80.5585 deg. Complexes 40 and 41 were constructed as part of a $39 million project to build an Integrate-Transfer-Launch (ITL) facility at the north end of Cape Canaveral in the early 1960s. An additional LC-42 was planned at the ITL to support ambitious military space projects that never materialized. It was intended to be used by Titan 3 rockets, and would have branched to the north of the Titan causeway, symmetrical to LC-40. It is doubtful that LC-42 would actually have been built because it would pose a safety problem to operations from LC-39A.

• LC43 - Latitude: 28.4667 deg. Longitude: -80.5585 deg. Used by: Arcas, Hopi, Loki, Rocketsonde, Viper. First Launch: 1959-01-01. Last Launch: 1984-02-27. Number Launches: 2038.

• LC46 - Latitude: 28.4585 deg. Longitude: -80.5284 deg. Used by: Athena, Trident. First Launch: 1987-01-15. Last Launch: 1999-01-27. Number Launches: 21. This complex was built as part of the U.S. Navy's Trident II ballistic missile effort at the Cape. Construction was underway in February 1984, and the complex was ordnance-certified in November 1986. Complex 46 supported the Cape's first Trident II test missile launch on 15 January 1987. Eighteen more Trident IIs were launched from the site between 17 March 1987 and 27 January 1989. As Trident launch operations moved out to sea later in 1989, the complex was placed on standby status awaiting special Trident II test requirements. No new requirements surfaced in the 1990s, but the Spaceport Florida Authority (SFA) won $4,890,000 in Air Force grants to redesign Complex 46 to handle small commercial space launch operations (e.g., Lockheed Martin's new LMLV-2 space launch vehicle). A Critical Design Review (CDR) for the complex was held in March 1996, and construction was underway shortly thereafter. Modifications included a new launch mount, a Mobile Access Structure (MAS), an umbilical foundation and service trenches and conduits. Spaceport Florida opened Complex 46 for commercial space launch operations on 29 May 1997. The complex supported its first commercial space launch - an Athena II carrying the Lunar Prospector spacecraft - on 7 January 1998.

• LC47 - Latitude: 28.5490 deg. Longitude: -80.5678 deg. Used by: Loki, Rocketsonde. First Launch: 1984-03-12. Last Launch: 2006-05-17. Number Launches: 530. Complex 47 was used to support weather rocket launches at the Cape. In March 1984, weather rocket operations were relocated from Complex 43 to Complex 47 to make room for the construction of Complex 46. In addition to weather rocket launches, Complex 47 was designated part of Spaceport Florida and supported the commercial launch of a single-stage solid rocket (LOFT-1) in November 1988. The site also supported a student suborbital launch of a Super Loki weather rocket in October 1992.

• ETR - Latitude: 28.4667 deg. Longitude: -80.5585 deg.

• LA - Latitude: 28.4650 deg. Longitude: -80.5370 deg. Used by: Lark, Matador, Snark. First Launch: 1950-10-25. Last Launch: 1961-06-01. Number Launches: 340.

• RW15/33 - Latitude: 28.6139 deg. Longitude: -80.6937 deg. Shuttle Landing Facility, NASA Kennedy Space Center

• RW30/12 - Latitude: 28.4675 deg. Longitude: -80.5664 deg. Used by: Matador, Navaho. First Launch: 1956-05-20. Last Launch: 1959-01-26. Number Launches: 4. Skid Strip, Cape Canaveral Air Station

1949 May 11 - Cape Canaveral selected for rocket launches. Recognizing that rocket test ranges will exceed White Sands capability, Cape Canaveral selected for future long range flights. President Truman signed a bill providing a 5,000-mile guided-missile test range, which was subsequently established at Cape Canaveral, Fla. Negotiations with British government begin for installation of string of tracking stations in Bahamas Islands.

1949 October 1 - Cape Canaveral activated. Long-Range Proving Ground at Cape Canaveral was activated.

1950 June 13 - Air Force given responsibility for Cape Canaveral. Department of Defense assigned range responsibilities to the armed services: Army: White Sands, N. Mex., Proving Ground and nearby Holloman Air Force Base at Alamogordo; Navy: Point Mugu, Calif.: Air Force: Long-Range Proving Groud at Banana River, Fla. (now called Cape Canaveral).

1950 July 19 - Launch Vehicle: V-2. V-2 Stage 1/ WAC-Corporal Stage 2 First attempted launch from Cape Canaveral. Pad abort on 19 July of Bumper No. 8, a German V-2 with a 320 kg Army-JPL Wac Corporal. Launch scrubbed first due to emergency landing of aircraft in the range; second attempt, no lift, main chamber did not ignite.

1950 August 1 - Patrick AFB named. Patrick Air Force Base, administrative headquarters of the AFMTC at Cape Canaveral, offiically named after Gen. Mason M. Patrick.

1953 February 11 - Launch Vehicle: Hermes. LV Model: Hermes A-2 . RV-A-10 1 Test mission Agency: USA. Apogee: 50 km (31 mi).

1953 March 4 - Launch Vehicle: Hermes. LV Model: Hermes A-2 . RV-A-10 2 Test mission Agency: USA. Apogee: 50 km (31 mi).

1953 March 25 - Launch Vehicle: Hermes. LV Model: Hermes A-2 . RV-A-10 3 Test mission Agency: USA. Apogee: 50 km (31 mi).

1953 March 25 - Launch Vehicle: Hermes. LV Model: Hermes A-2 . RV-A-10 4 Test mission Agency: USA. Apogee: 50 km (31 mi).

1955 May 23 - Launch Vehicle: Redstone. Project Orbiter plans. Project Orbiter Conference was held at Redstone Arsenal and at Cape Canaveral.

1955 August 19 - Launch Vehicle: Navaho. LV Model: Navaho X-10 . X-10 s/n 6 GM-19312 Navaho X-10 flight 16 Agency: USAF. Demonstrated planned automated landing, but drag chute did not deploy after landing. The vehicle overran the skid strip, the nosewheel collapsed in the sand in the overrun, the tanks ruptured, and the vehicle burned.

1955 October 24 - Launch Vehicle: Navaho. LV Model: Navaho X-10 . X-10 s/n 11 GM-52-4 Navaho X-10 flight 17 Agency: USAF. An engine problem resulted in a mission abort. After autolanding the nose wheel developed a shimmy, the vehicle ran off the skid strip, caught fire, and was destroyed.

1956 February 3 - Launch Vehicle: Navaho. LV Model: Navaho X-10 . X-10 s/n 8 GM-52-1 Navaho X-10 flight 18 Agency: USAF. The vehicle reached Mach 1.9 on a 51-minute long-range flight. It landed successfully.

1956 February 29 - Launch Vehicle: Navaho. LV Model: Navaho X-10 . X-10 s/n 8 GM-52-1 Navaho X-10 flight 19 Agency: USAF. The vehicle reached a record Mach 2.1 speed and autolanded safely on the skid strip after a 62 minute flight.

1956 March 20 - Launch Vehicle: Navaho. LV Model: Navaho X-10 . X-10 s/n 8 GM-52-1 Navaho X-10 flight 20 Agency: USAF. Test of high angle-of-attack approach and recovery system. Flawless autolanding on the skid strip with precision short landing (1080 m landing roll).

1956 April 24 - Launch Vehicle: Navaho. LV Model: Navaho X-10 . X-10 s/n 9 GM-52-2 Navaho X-10 flight 21 Agency: USAF. Ground control system failure resulted in missile crashing at sea at Mach 1.25 200 km from the Cape.

1956 June 5 - Launch Vehicle: Navaho. LV Model: Navaho X-10 . X-10 s/n 12 GM-52-5 Navaho X-10 flight 22 Agency: USAF. Inertial navigation test. Flight aborted when computer malfunction prevented INS signals from being passed to the autopilot. Successful autoland; drag brake deploy failure; successful engagement by runway landing barrier.

1956 July 18 - Launch Vehicle: Navaho. LV Model: Navaho X-10 . X-10 s/n 12 GM-52-5 Navaho X-10 flight 23 Agency: USAF. Inertial navigation system test. Flight aborted when computer system failed during takeoff. Successful recovery on skid strip.

1956 August 27 - Launch Vehicle: Navaho. LV Model: Navaho X-10 . X-10 s/n 8 GM-52-1 Navaho X-10 flight 24 Agency: USAF. Full-range test with final dive maneuver. Swan song of vehicle eight after three successful recovered missions. During takeoff the vehicle was aloft, then settled back to the runway with its brakes locked. The tires burst, the gear failed, the gear doors were in contact with the runway, carving grooves in the pavement as they retracted. Then, astonishingly, the vehicle rose from the runway, completed a successful full-range supersonic flight with terminal dive into the waters off Grand Bahamas.

1956 September 21 - Launch Vehicle: Navaho. LV Model: Navaho X-10 . X-10 s/n 13 GM-52-6 Navaho X-10 flight 25 Agency: USAF. N-6 inertial navigation test flight. Successful 79-minute flight, marred by pitot icing at one point. Successful recovery. Navigator error reached 3 miles at one point, but was one mile at the end of the mission.

1956 October 24 - Launch Vehicle: Navaho. LV Model: Navaho X-10 . X-10 s/n 13 GM-52-6 Navaho X-10 flight 26 Agency: USAF. Successful inertial navigation test flight.

1956 November 20 - Launch Vehicle: Navaho. LV Model: Navaho X-10 . X-10 s/n 13 GM-52-6 Navaho X-10 flight 27 Agency: USAF. Final X-10 flight. After cruise at Mach 1.3 at 75 km, the missile made a dive and precision impact on an island down-range.

1957 January 3 - Launch Vehicle: Bomarc. Bomarc 624-3 Operational test Agency: USAF. Apogee: 20 km (12 mi).

1957 February 13 - Launch Vehicle: Bomarc. Bomarc 624-4 Operational test Agency: USAF. Apogee: 20 km (12 mi).

1957 February 28 - Launch Vehicle: Bomarc. Bomarc 624-5 Operational test Agency: USAF. Apogee: 20 km (12 mi).

1957 August 15 - Launch Vehicle: Bomarc. Bomarc 624-8 Operational test Agency: USAF. Apogee: 20 km (12 mi).

1957 September 16 - Launch Vehicle: Bomarc. Bomarc 624-9 Operational test Agency: USAF. Apogee: 20 km (12 mi).

1957 September 27 - Launch Vehicle: Bomarc. Bomarc 624-10 Operational test Agency: USAF. Apogee: 20 km (12 mi).

1957 October 11 - Launch Vehicle: Bomarc. Bomarc 624-11 Operational test Agency: USAF. Apogee: 20 km (12 mi).

1957 October 23 - Launch Vehicle: Bomarc. Bomarc 624-16 Operational test Agency: USAF. Apogee: 20 km (12 mi).

1957 November 14 - Launch Vehicle: Bomarc. Bomarc 624-12 Operational test Agency: USAF. Apogee: 20 km (12 mi).

1957 December 9 - Launch Vehicle: Bomarc. Bomarc 624-14 Operational test Agency: USAF. Apogee: 20 km (12 mi).

1958 January 14 - Launch Vehicle: Bomarc. Bomarc 624- Operational test Agency: USAF. Apogee: 20 km (12 mi).

1958 March 20 - Launch Vehicle: Bomarc. Bomarc 624-17 Operational test Agency: USAF. Apogee: 20 km (12 mi).

1958 April 2 - Launch Vehicle: Bomarc. Bomarc 624-18 Operational test Agency: USAF. Apogee: 20 km (12 mi).

1958 May 20 - Launch Vehicle: Bomarc. Bomarc 624-21 Operational test Agency: USAF. Apogee: 20 km (12 mi).

1958 May 26 - Launch Vehicle: Bold Orion. LV Model: Bold Orion 1 . Bold Orion-1 Missile 1 Test mission Agency: USAF. Apogee: 8.00 km (4.90 mi).

1958 June 9 - Launch Vehicle: Bomarc. Bomarc 624-23 Operational test Agency: USAF. Apogee: 20 km (12 mi).

1958 June 20 - Launch Vehicle: Bomarc. Bomarc 624-24 Operational test Agency: USAF. Apogee: 20 km (12 mi).

1958 June 26 - Launch Vehicle: Bomarc. Bomarc 624-20 Operational test Agency: USAF. Apogee: 20 km (12 mi).

1958 June 27 - Launch Vehicle: Bold Orion. LV Model: Bold Orion 1 . Bold Orion-1 Missile 2 FAILURE: Failure. Test mission Agency: USAF. Apogee: 12 km (7 mi).

1958 July 11 - Launch Vehicle: Bomarc. Bomarc 624-25 Operational test Agency: USAF. Apogee: 20 km (12 mi).

1958 July 18 - Launch Vehicle: Bold Orion. LV Model: Bold Orion 1 . Bold Orion-1 Test mission Agency: USAF. Apogee: 100 km (60 mi).

1958 August 15 - Launch Vehicle: Bomarc. Bomarc 624-XY2 Operational test Agency: USAF. Apogee: 20 km (12 mi).

1958 August 21 - Launch Vehicle: Bomarc. Bomarc 624-22 Operational test Agency: USAF. Apogee: 20 km (12 mi).

1958 September 25 - Launch Vehicle: Bold Orion. LV Model: Bold Orion 1 . Bold Orion-1 Test mission Agency: USAF. Apogee: 100 km (60 mi).

1958 October 10 - Launch Vehicle: Bold Orion. LV Model: Bold Orion 1 . Bold Orion-1 Test mission Agency: USAF. Apogee: 100 km (60 mi).

1958 November 17 - Launch Vehicle: Bold Orion. LV Model: Bold Orion 1 . Bold Orion-1 Test mission Agency: USAF. Apogee: 100 km (60 mi).

1958 December 8 - Launch Vehicle: Bold Orion. LV Model: Bold Orion 2 . Bold Orion-2 Test mission Agency: USAF. Apogee: 200 km (120 mi).

1958 December 16 - Launch Vehicle: Bold Orion. LV Model: Bold Orion 2 . Bold Orion-2 Test mission Agency: USAF. Apogee: 200 km (120 mi).

1958 December 19 - Launch Vehicle: Bomarc. Bomarc 624-XY9 Operational test Agency: USAF. Apogee: 20 km (12 mi).

1958 December 24 - Launch Vehicle: Bomarc. Bomarc 624-XY10 Operational test Agency: USAF. Apogee: 20 km (12 mi).

1959 February 13 - Launch Vehicle: Bomarc. Bomarc 624-XY12 Operational test Agency: USAF. Apogee: 20 km (12 mi).

1959 March 4 - Launch Vehicle: Bomarc. Bomarc 624-XY13 Operational test Agency: USAF. Apogee: 20 km (12 mi).

1959 March 31 - Launch Vehicle: Bomarc. Bomarc 624-XY14 Operational test Agency: USAF. Apogee: 20 km (12 mi).

1959 June 5 - Launch Vehicle: Saturn I. Saturn I launch complex construction starts.

1959 June 19 - Launch Vehicle: Bold Orion. LV Model: Bold Orion 2 . Bold Orion-1 Interceptor mission Agency: USAF. Apogee: 100 km (60 mi).

1960 June 27 - Launch Vehicle: Asp. Ionosphere mission Agency: USAF?. Apogee: 150 km (90 mi).

1960 October 4 - Thor-based LV 100th launch. COURIER I-B active communications satellite successfully placed into orbit by Thor-Able-Star launch vehicle from Cape Canaveral. After completing one orbit it received and recorded a transcribed message to the United Nations by President Eisenhower transmitted from Fort Monmouth, N.J., and retransmitted it to another earth station in Puerto Rico. This marked the 100th launch of the Douglas Thor, military and scientific combined, and a Thor record of 60 percent of the U.S. satellites boosted into orbit.

1960 December 13 - Launch Vehicle: Saturn I. Saturn transport barge commissioned. Palaemon, a 180-foot barge built to transport the Saturn launch vehicle from MSFC to Cape Canaveral by water, was formally accepted by MSFC Director from Maj. Gen. Frank S. Besson, Chief of Army Transportation.

1961 May 19 - Cape Canaveral first open house. Cape Canaveral opened to the general public for the first time in its history.

1961 June 2 - Launch Vehicle: Saturn I. Saturn I transport route interdicted. Collapse of a lock in the Wheeler Dam below Huntsville on the Tennessee River interdicted the planned water route of the first Saturn space booster from Marshall Space Flight Center to Cape Canaveral on the barge Palaemon.

1961 June 26 - Launch Vehicle: Saturn I. Saturn I barge replacement. A Navy YFNB barge was obtained by NASA to serve as a replacement for the Palaemon in transporting of the Saturn booster to Cape Canaveral.

1961 July 31 - Unions agree to no strikes at Cape Canaveral. At Cape Canaveral with the President's Missile Sites Labor Commission, Secretary of Labor Goldberg made public President Kennedy's message praising the voluntary, no-strike, no-lockout pledges covering labor-management relations at missile and space sites. The President's message stated that "the Nation cannot afford the luxury of avoidable delay in our missile and space program. Neither can we tolerate wasteful and expensive practices which add to the great financial burden our defense effort already places on us."

1961 August 14 - Launch Vehicle: Saturn I. First Saturn I arrives at Cape Canaveral. Navy barge Compromise, carrying first Saturn booster, stuck in the mud in the Indian River just south of Cape Canaveral. Released several hours later, the Saturn was delayed only 24 hours in its 2,200-mile journey from Huntsville.

1961 August 24 - Launch Vehicle: Nova, Saturn V. Merritt Island selected for Saturn V launch site. Spacecraft: Apollo Lunar Landing. After considering Cape Canaveral, Cape Canaveral-Merritt Island, Mayaguana-Bahamas, Cumberland-Georgia, Brownville-Texas, Christmas Island, Hawaii, and White Sands, Merritt Island selected as launch site for manned lunar flights and other missions requiring Saturn and Nova class vehicles. Based upon national space goals announced by the President in May, NASA plans called for acquisition of 80,000 acres north and west of AFMTC, to be administered by the USAF as agent for NASA and as a part of the Atlantic Missile Range. Additional Details: Merritt Island selected for Saturn V launch site.(6480).

1961 September 5 - Launch Vehicle: Saturn V. Purchase of land for Saturn V launch facilities. Authorization for NASA to acquire necessary land for additional launch facilities at Cape Canaveral was approved by the Senate.

1961 December 1 - Roksonde first Cape Launch. Two Roksonde meteorological sounding rockets were successfully fired from Cape Canaveral, telemetered measurements of winds and temperatures at altitudes above 180,000 feet. Produced by Marquardt for the Army, Roksondes had already completed a series of tests at White Sands Missile Range and Pacific Missile Range.

1962 June 14 - Launch Vehicle: Asp. Pershing meteo Aeronomy mission Agency: USA. Apogee: 30 km (18 mi).

1962 August 8 - 19:15 GMT - Launch Vehicle: Nike. Nike Smoke 303 Aeronomy mission Agency: NASA. Apogee: 16 km (9 mi).

1962 September 25 - 20:28 GMT - Launch Vehicle: Nike. Nike Smoke 304 Aeronomy mission Agency: NASA. Apogee: 11 km (6 mi).

1962 October 3 - 20:30 GMT - Launch Vehicle: Nike. Nike Smoke 302 Aeronomy mission Agency: NASA. Apogee: 15 km (9 mi).

1962 October 8 - 19:00 GMT - Launch Vehicle: Nike. Nike Smoke 305 Aeronomy mission Agency: NASA. Apogee: 15 km (9 mi).

1962 October 10 - 20:30 GMT - Launch Vehicle: Nike. Nike Smoke 306 Aeronomy mission Agency: NASA. Apogee: 16 km (9 mi).

1962 October 19 - 19:53 GMT - Launch Vehicle: Nike. Nike Smoke 307 Aeronomy mission Agency: NASA. Apogee: 16 km (9 mi).

1962 October 29 - 20:13 GMT - Launch Vehicle: Nike. Nike Smoke 308 Aeronomy mission Agency: NASA. Apogee: 13 km (8 mi).

1962 November 1 - 20:02 GMT - Launch Vehicle: Nike. Nike Smoke 309 Aeronomy mission Agency: NASA. Apogee: 13 km (8 mi).

1962 November 5 - 21:03 GMT - Launch Vehicle: Nike. Nike Smoke 310 Aeronomy mission Agency: NASA. Apogee: 21 km (13 mi).

1962 November 6 - 20:49 GMT - Launch Vehicle: Nike. Nike Smoke 311 Aeronomy mission Agency: NASA. Apogee: 16 km (9 mi).

1962 November 13 - 19:30 GMT - Launch Vehicle: Nike. Nike Smoke 312 Aeronomy mission Agency: NASA. Apogee: 15 km (9 mi).

1962 November 16 - 17:45 GMT - Launch Vehicle: Nike. Nike Smoke 368 Aeronomy mission Agency: NASA. Apogee: 18 km (11 mi).

1962 November 16 - 20:23 GMT - Launch Vehicle: Nike. Nike Smoke 313 Aeronomy mission Agency: NASA. Apogee: 18 km (11 mi).

1962 December 4 - 20:07 GMT - Launch Vehicle: Nike. Nike Smoke 314 Aeronomy mission Agency: NASA. Apogee: 16 km (9 mi).

1962 December 6 - 21:20 GMT - Launch Vehicle: Nike. Nike Smoke 315 Aeronomy mission Agency: NASA. Apogee: 14 km (8 mi).

1962 December 10 - 17:30 GMT - Launch Vehicle: Nike. Nike Smoke 316 Aeronomy mission Agency: NASA. Apogee: 16 km (9 mi).

1962 December 11 - 20:47 GMT - Launch Vehicle: Nike. Nike Smoke 317 Aeronomy mission Agency: NASA. Apogee: 14 km (8 mi).

1962 December 13 - 20:00 GMT - Launch Vehicle: Nike. Nike Smoke 318 Aeronomy mission Agency: NASA. Apogee: 19 km (11 mi).

1962 December 14 - 19:36 GMT - Launch Vehicle: Nike. Nike Smoke 319 Aeronomy mission Agency: NASA. Apogee: 18 km (11 mi).

1962 December 17 - 20:26 GMT - Launch Vehicle: Nike. Nike Smoke 320 Aeronomy mission Agency: NASA. Apogee: 17 km (10 mi).

1962 December 18 - 17:03 GMT - Launch Vehicle: Nike. Nike Smoke 321 Aeronomy mission Agency: NASA. Apogee: 14 km (8 mi).

1962 December 19 - 17:00 GMT - Launch Vehicle: Nike. Nike Smoke 322 Aeronomy mission Agency: NASA. Apogee: 18 km (11 mi).

1962 December 20 - 19:47 GMT - Launch Vehicle: Nike. Nike Smoke 323 Aeronomy mission Agency: NASA. Apogee: 16 km (9 mi).

1962 December 21 - 17:26 GMT - Launch Vehicle: Nike. Nike Smoke 324 Aeronomy mission Agency: NASA. Apogee: 15 km (9 mi).

1962 December 28 - 18:07 GMT - Launch Vehicle: Nike. Nike Smoke 325 Aeronomy mission Agency: NASA. Apogee: 21 km (13 mi).

1963 January 3 - 19:58 GMT - Launch Vehicle: Nike. Nike Smoke 326 Aeronomy mission Agency: NASA. Apogee: 14 km (8 mi).

1963 January 3 - 21:00 GMT - Launch Vehicle: Nike. Nike Smoke 327 Aeronomy mission Agency: NASA. Apogee: 12 km (7 mi).

1963 January 4 - 20:00 GMT - Launch Vehicle: Nike. Nike Smoke 328 Aeronomy mission Agency: NASA. Apogee: 15 km (9 mi).

1963 January 9 - 18:00 GMT - Launch Vehicle: Nike. Nike Smoke 330 Aeronomy mission Agency: NASA. Apogee: 15 km (9 mi).

1963 January 10 - 19:30 GMT - Launch Vehicle: Nike. Nike Smoke 331 Aeronomy mission Agency: NASA. Apogee: 21 km (13 mi).

1963 January 11 - 19:42 GMT - Launch Vehicle: Nike. Nike Smoke 332 Aeronomy mission Agency: NASA. Apogee: 16 km (9 mi).

1963 January 17 - 21:17 GMT - Launch Vehicle: Nike. Nike Smoke 333 Aeronomy mission Agency: NASA. Apogee: 15 km (9 mi).

1963 January 18 - 22:17 GMT - Launch Vehicle: Nike. Nike Smoke 334 Aeronomy mission Agency: NASA. Apogee: 15 km (9 mi).

1963 January 22 - 19:46 GMT - Launch Vehicle: Nike. Nike Smoke 335 Aeronomy mission Agency: NASA. Apogee: 15 km (9 mi).

1963 January 28 - 18:00 GMT - Launch Vehicle: Nike. Nike Smoke 336 Aeronomy mission Agency: NASA. Apogee: 16 km (9 mi).

1963 January 31 - 20:00 GMT - Launch Vehicle: Nike. Nike Smoke 337 Aeronomy mission Agency: NASA. Apogee: 15 km (9 mi).

1963 February 7 - 17:45 GMT - Launch Vehicle: Nike. Nike Smoke 338 Aeronomy mission Agency: NASA. Apogee: 22 km (13 mi).

1963 February 13 - 18:15 GMT - Launch Vehicle: Nike. Nike Smoke 339 Aeronomy mission Agency: NASA. Apogee: 16 km (9 mi).

1963 February 20 - 19:30 GMT - Launch Vehicle: Nike. Nike Smoke 340 Aeronomy mission Agency: NASA. Apogee: 18 km (11 mi).

1963 February 27 - 19:30 GMT - Launch Vehicle: Nike. Nike Smoke 341 Aeronomy mission Agency: NASA. Apogee: 14 km (8 mi).

1963 March 8 - 19:20 GMT - Launch Vehicle: Nike. Nike Smoke 342 Aeronomy mission Agency: NASA. Apogee: 20 km (12 mi).

1963 March 11 - 21:30 GMT - Launch Vehicle: Nike. Nike Smoke 343 Aeronomy mission Agency: NASA. Apogee: 14 km (8 mi).

1963 March 12 - 19:25 GMT - Launch Vehicle: Nike. Nike Smoke 344 Aeronomy mission Agency: NASA. Apogee: 14 km (8 mi).

1963 March 18 - 19:30 GMT - Launch Vehicle: Nike. Nike Smoke 345 Aeronomy mission Agency: NASA. Apogee: 15 km (9 mi).

1963 March 21 - 19:10 GMT - Launch Vehicle: Nike. Nike Smoke 346 Aeronomy mission Agency: NASA. Apogee: 15 km (9 mi).

1963 March 22 - 18:30 GMT - Launch Vehicle: Nike. Nike Smoke 347 Aeronomy mission Agency: NASA. Apogee: 16 km (9 mi).

1963 March 28 - 18:02 GMT - Launch Vehicle: Nike. Nike Smoke 348 Aeronomy mission Agency: NASA. Apogee: 21 km (13 mi).

1963 March 28 - 20:10 GMT - Launch Vehicle: Nike. Nike Smoke 408 Aeronomy mission Agency: NASA. Apogee: 19 km (11 mi).

1963 April 2 - 19:23 GMT - Launch Vehicle: Nike. Nike Smoke 349 Aeronomy mission Agency: NASA. Apogee: 13 km (8 mi).

1963 April 3 - 19:20 GMT - Launch Vehicle: Nike. Nike Smoke 350 Aeronomy mission Agency: NASA. Apogee: 14 km (8 mi).

1963 April 5 - 19:03 GMT - Launch Vehicle: Nike. Nike Smoke 351 Aeronomy mission Agency: NASA. Apogee: 15 km (9 mi).

1963 April 11 - 20:35 GMT - Launch Vehicle: Nike. Nike Smoke 352 Aeronomy mission Agency: NASA. Apogee: 15 km (9 mi).

1963 April 12 - 19:25 GMT - Launch Vehicle: Nike. Nike Smoke 353 Aeronomy mission Agency: NASA. Apogee: 12 km (7 mi).

1963 April 15 - 19:30 GMT - Launch Vehicle: Nike. Nike Smoke 354 Aeronomy mission Agency: NASA. Apogee: 16 km (9 mi).

1963 April 16 - 19:30 GMT - Launch Vehicle: Nike. Nike Smoke 355 Aeronomy mission Agency: NASA. Apogee: 21 km (13 mi).

1963 April 17 - 19:30 GMT - Launch Vehicle: Nike. Nike Smoke 356 Aeronomy mission Agency: NASA. Apogee: 16 km (9 mi).

1963 April 22 - 19:30 GMT - Launch Vehicle: Nike. Nike Smoke 357 Aeronomy mission Agency: NASA. Apogee: 12 km (7 mi).

1963 May 7 - 20:30 GMT - Launch Vehicle: Nike. Nike Smoke 358 Aeronomy mission Agency: NASA. Apogee: 15 km (9 mi).

1963 May 8 - 19:30 GMT - Launch Vehicle: Nike. Nike Smoke 359 Aeronomy mission Agency: NASA. Apogee: 14 km (8 mi).

1963 May 14 - 21:35 GMT - Launch Vehicle: Nike. Nike Smoke 360 Aeronomy mission Agency: NASA. Apogee: 17 km (10 mi).

1963 June 7 - 19:00 GMT - Launch Vehicle: Nike. Nike Smoke 361 Aeronomy mission Agency: NASA. Apogee: 13 km (8 mi).

1963 June 19 - 20:45 GMT - Launch Vehicle: Nike. Nike Smoke 362 Aeronomy mission Agency: NASA. Apogee: 16 km (9 mi).

1963 July 1 - 18:00 GMT - Launch Vehicle: Nike. Nike Smoke 363 Aeronomy mission Agency: NASA. Apogee: 17 km (10 mi).

1963 July 17 - 19:30 GMT - Launch Vehicle: Nike. Nike Smoke 364 Aeronomy mission Agency: NASA. Apogee: 14 km (8 mi).

1963 July 26 - 19:30 GMT - Launch Vehicle: Nike. Nike Smoke 365 Aeronomy mission Agency: NASA. Apogee: 20 km (12 mi).

1963 July 31 - 19:30 GMT - Launch Vehicle: Nike. Nike Smoke 366 Aeronomy mission Agency: NASA. Apogee: 17 km (10 mi).

1963 August 7 - 19:30 GMT - Launch Vehicle: Nike. Nike Smoke 367 Aeronomy mission Agency: NASA. Apogee: 19 km (11 mi).

1963 September 30 - 19:30 GMT - Launch Vehicle: Nike. Nike Smoke 369 Aeronomy mission Agency: NASA. Apogee: 20 km (12 mi).

1963 October 1 - 20:12 GMT - Launch Vehicle: Nike. Nike Smoke 370 Aeronomy mission Agency: NASA. Apogee: 20 km (12 mi).

1963 October 9 - 20:30 GMT - Launch Vehicle: Nike. Nike Smoke 371 Aeronomy mission Agency: NASA. Apogee: 13 km (8 mi).

1963 October 22 - 19:17 GMT - Launch Vehicle: Nike. Nike Smoke 372 Aeronomy mission Agency: NASA. Apogee: 16 km (9 mi).

1963 October 30 - 19:30 GMT - Launch Vehicle: Nike. Nike Smoke 374 Aeronomy mission Agency: NASA. Apogee: 18 km (11 mi).

1963 October 31 - 20:30 GMT - Launch Vehicle: Nike. Nike Smoke 373 Aeronomy mission Agency: NASA. Apogee: 19 km (11 mi).

1963 November 6 - 19:30 GMT - Launch Vehicle: Nike. Nike Smoke 375 Aeronomy mission Agency: NASA. Apogee: 19 km (11 mi).

1963 November 13 - 20:11 GMT - Launch Vehicle: Nike. Nike Smoke 376 Aeronomy mission Agency: NASA. Apogee: 20 km (12 mi).

1963 November 15 - 19:33 GMT - Launch Vehicle: Nike. Nike Smoke 377 Aeronomy mission Agency: NASA. Apogee: 20 km (12 mi).

1963 November 21 - 19:30 GMT - Launch Vehicle: Nike. Nike Smoke 378 Aeronomy mission Agency: NASA. Apogee: 19 km (11 mi).

1963 December 5 - 20:25 GMT - Launch Vehicle: Nike. Nike Smoke 379 Aeronomy mission Agency: NASA. Apogee: 15 km (9 mi).

1963 December 20 - 17:30 GMT - Launch Vehicle: Nike. Nike Smoke 380 Aeronomy mission Agency: NASA. Apogee: 16 km (9 mi).

1964 January 22 - 18:52 GMT - Launch Vehicle: Nike. Nike Smoke 381 Aeronomy mission Agency: NASA. Apogee: 18 km (11 mi).

1964 January 24 - 19:00 GMT - Launch Vehicle: Nike. Nike Smoke 382 Aeronomy mission Agency: NASA. Apogee: 18 km (11 mi).

1964 February 19 - 21:00 GMT - Launch Vehicle: Nike. Nike Smoke 383 Aeronomy mission Agency: NASA. Apogee: 14 km (8 mi).

1964 February 20 - 18:30 GMT - Launch Vehicle: Nike. Nike Smoke 384 Aeronomy mission Agency: NASA. Apogee: 19 km (11 mi).

1964 February 26 - 20:55 GMT - Launch Vehicle: Nike. Nike Smoke 385 Aeronomy mission Agency: NASA. Apogee: 15 km (9 mi).

1964 March 13 - 18:30 GMT - Launch Vehicle: Nike. Nike Smoke 386 Aeronomy mission Agency: NASA. Apogee: 17 km (10 mi).

1964 March 18 - 18:30 GMT - Launch Vehicle: Nike. Nike Smoke 387 Aeronomy mission Agency: NASA. Apogee: 17 km (10 mi).

1964 March 20 - 20:05 GMT - Launch Vehicle: Nike. Nike Smoke 388 Aeronomy mission Agency: NASA. Apogee: 15 km (9 mi).

1964 March 31 - 02:33 GMT - Launch Vehicle: Javelin. TRUMP (MM study) test Agency: USAF AGPC. Apogee: 131 km (81 mi).

1964 March 31 - 18:30 GMT - Launch Vehicle: Nike. Nike Smoke 389 Aeronomy mission Agency: NASA. Apogee: 15 km (9 mi).

1964 April 1 - 18:30 GMT - Launch Vehicle: Nike. Nike Smoke 390 Aeronomy mission Agency: NASA. Apogee: 14 km (8 mi).

1964 April 3 - 18:00 GMT - Launch Vehicle: Nike. Nike Smoke 391 Aeronomy mission Agency: NASA. Apogee: 18 km (11 mi).

1964 April 13 - 19:45 GMT - Launch Vehicle: Nike. Nike Smoke 392 Aeronomy mission Agency: NASA. Apogee: 19 km (11 mi).

1964 April 22 - 20:00 GMT - Launch Vehicle: Nike. Nike Smoke 393 Aeronomy mission Agency: NASA. Apogee: 16 km (9 mi).

1964 May 18 - 06:20 GMT - Launch Vehicle: Apache. REDLAMP TMA Aeronomy mission Agency: USAF. Apogee: 152 km (94 mi).

1964 May 18 - 18:35 GMT - Launch Vehicle: Apache. REDLAMP SF6 Aeronomy mission Agency: USAF. Apogee: 190 km (110 mi).

1964 May 19 - 06:45 GMT - Launch Vehicle: Apache. Nike Apache AE5.481 - REDLAMP TMA Aeronomy / test Agency: USAF. Apogee: 150 km (90 mi).

1964 May 19 - 18:00 GMT - Launch Vehicle: Apache. Nike Apache AE5.482 - REDLAMP SF6 Aeronomy / test Agency: USAF. Apogee: 267 km (165 mi).

1964 May 20 - 18:30 GMT - Launch Vehicle: Nike. Nike Smoke 394 Aeronomy mission Agency: NASA. Apogee: 17 km (10 mi).

1964 May 21 - 18:30 GMT - Launch Vehicle: Nike. Nike Smoke 395 Aeronomy mission Agency: NASA. Apogee: 14 km (8 mi).

1964 May 25 - 20:05 GMT - Launch Vehicle: Nike. Nike Smoke 396 Aeronomy mission Agency: NASA. Apogee: 18 km (11 mi).

1964 May 27 - 19:30 GMT - Launch Vehicle: Nike. Nike Smoke 397 Aeronomy mission Agency: NASA. Apogee: 17 km (10 mi).

1964 June 9 - 19:00 GMT - Launch Vehicle: Nike. Nike Smoke 398 Aeronomy mission Agency: NASA. Apogee: 16 km (9 mi).

1964 June 10 - 18:15 GMT - Launch Vehicle: Nike. Nike Smoke 399 Aeronomy mission Agency: NASA. Apogee: 16 km (9 mi).

1964 June 12 - 19:00 GMT - Launch Vehicle: Nike. Nike Smoke 400 Aeronomy mission Agency: NASA. Apogee: 17 km (10 mi).

1964 June 15 - 19:00 GMT - Launch Vehicle: Nike. Nike Smoke 401 Aeronomy mission Agency: NASA. Apogee: 17 km (10 mi).

1964 June 17 - 19:00 GMT - Launch Vehicle: Nike. Nike Smoke 402 Aeronomy mission Agency: NASA. Apogee: 15 km (9 mi).

1964 July 6 - 19:45 GMT - Launch Vehicle: Nike. Nike Smoke 403 Aeronomy mission Agency: NASA. Apogee: 17 km (10 mi).

1964 July 15 - 18:20 GMT - Launch Vehicle: Nike. Nike Smoke 404 Aeronomy mission Agency: NASA. Apogee: 16 km (9 mi).

1964 July 17 - 08:24 GMT - Launch Vehicle: Apache. Nike Apache Missile compression REDLAMP Test / aeronomy mission Agency: USAF. Apogee: 105 km (65 mi).

1964 July 28 - 18:00 GMT - Launch Vehicle: Nike. Nike Smoke 405 Aeronomy mission Agency: NASA. Apogee: 14 km (8 mi).

1964 July 29 - 18:00 GMT - Launch Vehicle: Nike. Nike Smoke 406 Aeronomy mission Agency: NASA. Apogee: 19 km (11 mi).

1964 September 18 - 17:25 GMT - Launch Vehicle: Apache. REDLAMP / ne, particles Test / aeronomy / ionosphere mission Agency: USAF CRL. Apogee: 105 km (65 mi).

1965 February 17 - 19:04 GMT - Launch Vehicle: Cajun. Cajun Dart 07 Aeronomy mission Agency: NASA MSFC. Apogee: 75 km (46 mi).

1965 February 24 - 15:08 GMT - Launch Vehicle: Cajun. Cajun Dart 08 Aeronomy mission Agency: NASA MSFC. Apogee: 75 km (46 mi).

1965 February 26 - 17:30 GMT - Launch Vehicle: Cajun. Cajun Dart 09 Aeronomy mission Agency: NASA MSFC. Apogee: 75 km (46 mi).

1965 March 5 - Launch Vehicle: Cajun. Cajun Dart 10 Aeronomy mission Agency: NASA MSFC. Apogee: 75 km (46 mi).

1965 March 10 - 16:00 GMT - Launch Vehicle: Cajun. Cajun Dart 11 Aeronomy mission Agency: NASA MSFC. Apogee: 75 km (46 mi).

1965 March 10 - 19:42 GMT - Launch Vehicle: Cajun. Aeronomy mission Apogee: 75 km (46 mi).

1965 March 17 - 17:10 GMT - Launch Vehicle: Cajun. Cajun Dart 12 Aeronomy mission Agency: NASA MSFC. Apogee: 75 km (46 mi).

1965 March 24 - 17:45 GMT - Launch Vehicle: Cajun. Cajun Dart 13 Aeronomy mission Agency: NASA MSFC. Apogee: 75 km (46 mi).

1965 March 31 - 17:01 GMT - Launch Vehicle: Cajun. Cajun Dart 14 Aeronomy mission Agency: NASA MSFC. Apogee: 75 km (46 mi).

1965 April 7 - 17:00 GMT - Launch Vehicle: Cajun. Cajun Dart 15 Aeronomy mission Agency: NASA MSFC. Apogee: 75 km (46 mi).

1965 April 14 - 17:44 GMT - Launch Vehicle: Cajun. Cajun Dart 16 Aeronomy mission Agency: NASA MSFC. Apogee: 75 km (46 mi).

1965 April 17 - 17:00 GMT - Launch Vehicle: Cajun. Aeronomy mission Agency: NASA MSFC?. Apogee: 75 km (46 mi).

1965 April 21 - 17:15 GMT - Launch Vehicle: Cajun. Cajun Dart 17 Aeronomy mission Agency: NASA MSFC. Apogee: 75 km (46 mi).

1965 April 28 - Launch Vehicle: Cajun. Cajun Dart 18 Aeronomy mission Agency: NASA MSFC. Apogee: 75 km (46 mi).

1965 May 12 - 19:00 GMT - Launch Vehicle: Cajun. Cajun Dart 19 Aeronomy mission Agency: NASA MSFC. Apogee: 75 km (46 mi).

1965 May 26 - 17:00 GMT - Launch Vehicle: Cajun. Cajun Dart 20 Aeronomy mission Agency: NASA MSFC. Apogee: 75 km (46 mi).

1965 June 2 - 17:00 GMT - Launch Vehicle: Cajun. Cajun Dart 21 Aeronomy mission Agency: NASA MSFC. Apogee: 75 km (46 mi).

1965 June 11 - 17:00 GMT - Launch Vehicle: Cajun. Cajun Dart 22 Aeronomy mission Agency: NASA MSFC. Apogee: 75 km (46 mi).

1965 June 16 - 18:00 GMT - Launch Vehicle: Cajun. Cajun Dart 23 Aeronomy mission Agency: NASA MSFC. Apogee: 75 km (46 mi).

1965 June 23 - 17:25 GMT - Launch Vehicle: Cajun. Cajun Dart 24 Aeronomy mission Agency: NASA MSFC. Apogee: 75 km (46 mi).

1965 June 30 - 15:03 GMT - Launch Vehicle: Cajun. Cajun Dart 25 Aeronomy mission Agency: NASA MSFC. Apogee: 75 km (46 mi).

1965 July 7 - 15:00 GMT - Launch Vehicle: Cajun. Cajun Dart 26 Aeronomy mission Agency: NASA MSFC. Apogee: 75 km (46 mi).

1965 July 14 - 17:09 GMT - Launch Vehicle: Cajun. Cajun Dart 27 FAILURE: Failure. Aeronomy mission Agency: NASA MSFC. Apogee: 75 km (46 mi).

1965 July 21 - 17:00 GMT - Launch Vehicle: Cajun. Cajun Dart 28 Aeronomy mission Agency: NASA MSFC. Apogee: 75 km (46 mi).

1965 July 23 - 17:00 GMT - Launch Vehicle: Cajun. Cajun Dart 29 Aeronomy mission Agency: NASA MSFC. Apogee: 75 km (46 mi).

1965 July 28 - 14:00 GMT - Launch Vehicle: Cajun. Cajun Dart 30 Aeronomy mission Agency: NASA MSFC. Apogee: 75 km (46 mi).

1965 August 13 - 17:22 GMT - Launch Vehicle: Cajun. Cajun Dart 31 Aeronomy mission Agency: NASA MSFC?. Apogee: 75 km (46 mi).

1965 August 18 - 17:00 GMT - Launch Vehicle: Cajun. Cajun Dart 32 Aeronomy mission Agency: NASA MSFC?. Apogee: 75 km (46 mi).

1965 August 25 - 17:00 GMT - Launch Vehicle: Cajun. Cajun Dart 33 Aeronomy mission Agency: NASA MSFC?. Apogee: 75 km (46 mi).

1965 September 1 - 17:00 GMT - Launch Vehicle: Cajun. Aeronomy mission Agency: NASA MSFC?. Apogee: 75 km (46 mi).

1965 September 9 - Launch Vehicle: Cajun. Cajun Dart 34 Aeronomy mission Agency: NASA MSFC?. Apogee: 75 km (46 mi).

1965 September 17 - 17:00 GMT - Launch Vehicle: Cajun. Cajun Dart 35 Aeronomy mission Agency: NASA MSFC?. Apogee: 75 km (46 mi).

1965 September 22 - 17:00 GMT - Launch Vehicle: Cajun. Cajun Dart 36 Aeronomy mission Agency: NASA MSFC?. Apogee: 75 km (46 mi).

1965 September 29 - 16:00 GMT - Launch Vehicle: Cajun. Cajun Dart 37 Aeronomy mission Agency: NASA MSFC?. Apogee: 75 km (46 mi).

1965 October 6 - 17:18 GMT - Launch Vehicle: Cajun. Cajun Dart 38 Aeronomy mission Agency: NASA MSFC?. Apogee: 75 km (46 mi).

1965 October 13 - Launch Vehicle: Cajun. Cajun Dart 39 Aeronomy mission Agency: NASA MSFC?. Apogee: 75 km (46 mi).

1965 October 20 - 17:00 GMT - Launch Vehicle: Cajun. Cajun Dart 40 Aeronomy mission Agency: NASA MSFC?. Apogee: 75 km (46 mi).

1965 October 27 - Launch Vehicle: Cajun. Cajun Dart 41 Aeronomy mission Agency: NASA MSFC?. Apogee: 75 km (46 mi).

1965 November 1 - 17:00 GMT - Launch Vehicle: Cajun. Cajun Dart 42 Aeronomy mission Agency: NASA MSFC?. Apogee: 75 km (46 mi).

1965 November 8 - Launch Vehicle: Cajun. Cajun Dart 43 Aeronomy mission Agency: NASA MSFC?. Apogee: 75 km (46 mi).

1965 November 17 - 17:00 GMT - Launch Vehicle: Cajun. Cajun Dart 44 Aeronomy mission Agency: NASA MSFC?. Apogee: 75 km (46 mi).

1965 November 24 - 17:00 GMT - Launch Vehicle: Cajun. Cajun Dart 45 Aeronomy mission Agency: NASA MSFC?. Apogee: 75 km (46 mi).

1965 November 29 - 17:00 GMT - Launch Vehicle: Cajun. Cajun Dart 46 Aeronomy mission Agency: NASA MSFC?. Apogee: 75 km (46 mi).

1965 December 8 - 17:00 GMT - Launch Vehicle: Cajun. Cajun Dart 47 Aeronomy mission Agency: NASA MSFC?. Apogee: 75 km (46 mi).

1965 December 17 - 17:00 GMT - Launch Vehicle: Cajun. Cajun Dart 48 Aeronomy mission Agency: NASA MSFC?. Apogee: 75 km (46 mi).

1965 December 22 - 16:40 GMT - Launch Vehicle: Cajun. Cajun Dart 49 Aeronomy mission Agency: NASA MSFC?. Apogee: 75 km (46 mi).

1966 January 5 - 16:00 GMT - Launch Vehicle: Cajun. Cajun Dart 50 Aeronomy mission Agency: NASA MSFC. Apogee: 75 km (46 mi).

1966 January 12 - Launch Vehicle: Cajun. Cajun Dart 51 Aeronomy mission Agency: NASA MSFC?. Apogee: 75 km (46 mi).

1966 January 19 - Launch Vehicle: Cajun. Cajun Dart 52 Aeronomy mission Agency: NASA MSFC?. Apogee: 75 km (46 mi).

1966 January 27 - 17:05 GMT - Launch Vehicle: Cajun. Cajun Dart 53 Aeronomy mission Agency: NASA MSFC?. Apogee: 75 km (46 mi).

1966 February 19 - Launch Vehicle: Cajun. Cajun Dart 54 Aeronomy mission Agency: NASA MSFC?. Apogee: 75 km (46 mi).

1966 February 22 - 11:00 GMT - Launch Vehicle: Cajun. Aeronomy mission Agency: NASA MSFC?. Apogee: 75 km (46 mi).

1966 February 25 - 18:30 GMT - Launch Vehicle: Cajun. Cajun Dart 55 Aeronomy mission Agency: NASA MSFC?. Apogee: 75 km (46 mi).

1966 February 26 - 18:12 GMT - Launch Vehicle: Cajun. Cajun Dart 56 Aeronomy mission Agency: NASA MSFC?. Apogee: 75 km (46 mi).

1966 July 4 - Launch Vehicle: Cajun. Cajun Dart 57 Aeronomy mission Agency: NASA MSFC?. Apogee: 75 km (46 mi).

1966 July 6 - Launch Vehicle: Cajun. Cajun Dart 58 Aeronomy mission Agency: NASA MSFC?. Apogee: 75 km (46 mi).

1966 August 24 - 16:30 GMT - Launch Vehicle: Cajun. Cajun Dart 59 Aeronomy mission Agency: NASA MSFC?. Apogee: 75 km (46 mi).

1966 August 25 - 19:08 GMT - Launch Vehicle: Cajun. Cajun Dart 60 Aeronomy mission Agency: NASA MSFC?. Apogee: 75 km (46 mi).

1967 January 24 - 08:06 GMT - Launch Vehicle: Cajun. Aeronomy mission Agency: NASA MSFC?. Apogee: 75 km (46 mi).

1967 January 24 - 09:00 GMT - Launch Vehicle: Tomahawk Sandia. Nike Tomahawk MUMP-8 (ETR-1474) Diurnal thermosphere Aeronomy / ionosphere mission Agency: NASA. Apogee: 325 km (201 mi).

1967 January 24 - 11:51 GMT - Launch Vehicle: Tomahawk Sandia. Nike Tomahawk MUMP-6 (ETR-1828) Aeronomy / ionosphere mission Agency: NASA. Apogee: 325 km (201 mi).

1967 January 24 - 15:08 GMT - Launch Vehicle: Tomahawk Sandia. Nike Tomahawk MUMP-3 (ETR-1165) Aeronomy / ionosphere mission Agency: NASA. Apogee: 324 km (201 mi).

1967 January 24 - 19:33 GMT - Launch Vehicle: Tomahawk Sandia. Nike Tomahawk MUMP-1 (ETR-0381) Aeronomy / ionosphere mission Agency: NASA. Apogee: 336 km (208 mi).

1967 January 24 - 22:50 GMT - Launch Vehicle: Tomahawk Sandia. Nike Tomahawk MUMP-2 (ETR-0611) Aeronomy / ionosphere mission Agency: NASA. Apogee: 320 km (190 mi).

1967 January 25 - 03:00 GMT - Launch Vehicle: Tomahawk Sandia. Nike Tomahawk MUMP-7 (ETR-0851) Aeronomy / ionosphere mission Agency: NASA. Apogee: 327 km (203 mi).

1967 January 27 - Launch Vehicle: Saturn I. Apollo 204 Spacecraft: Apollo CSM, Apollo Lunar Landing. Crew: Chaffee, Grissom, White. Flight: Apollo 204. The first manned flight of the Apollo CSM, the Apollo C category mission, was planned for the last quarter of 1966. Numerous problems with the Apollo Block I spacecraft resulted in a flight delay to February 1967. The crew of Virgil I. Grissom, Edward H. White II, and Roger B. Chaffee, was killed in a fire while testing their capsule on the pad on 27 January 1967, still weeks away from launch. The designation AS-204 was used by NASA for the flight at the time; the designation Apollo 1 was applied retroactively at the request of Grissom's widow.

1967 April 25 - 06:30 GMT - Launch Vehicle: Tomahawk Sandia. Nike Tomahawk MUMP-4 Aeronomy / ionosphere mission Agency: NASA. Apogee: 287 km (178 mi).

1967 April 25 - 19:00 GMT - Launch Vehicle: Tomahawk Sandia. Nike Tomahawk MUMP-5 Aeronomy / ionosphere mission Agency: NASA. Apogee: 334 km (207 mi).

1967 November 8 - 13:00 GMT - Launch Vehicle: Cajun. Aeronomy mission Agency: NASA MSFC?. Apogee: 75 km (46 mi).

1967 November 9 - 14:30 GMT - Launch Vehicle: Cajun. Aeronomy mission Agency: NASA MSFC?. Apogee: 75 km (46 mi).

1968 January 23 - 02:00 GMT - Launch Vehicle: Cajun. Aeronomy mission Agency: NASA MSFC?. Apogee: 75 km (46 mi).

1968 April 4 - 18:51 GMT - Launch Vehicle: Cajun. Aeronomy mission Agency: NASA MSFC?. Apogee: 75 km (46 mi).

1968 October 11 - 20:01 GMT - Launch Vehicle: Cajun. Aeronomy mission Agency: NASA MSFC?. Apogee: 75 km (46 mi).

1968 November 20 - 19:41 GMT - Launch Vehicle: Cajun. Aeronomy mission Agency: NASA MSFC?. Apogee: 75 km (46 mi).

1970 March 19 - 17:07 GMT - Launch Vehicle: Cajun. Aeronomy mission Agency: NASA MSFC?. Apogee: 75 km (46 mi).

1970 March 20 - 17:00 GMT - Launch Vehicle: Cajun. Aeronomy mission Agency: NASA MSFC?. Apogee: 75 km (46 mi).

1970 March 23 - 16:00 GMT - Launch Vehicle: Cajun. Aeronomy mission Agency: NASA MSFC?. Apogee: 75 km (46 mi).

1970 March 25 - 16:00 GMT - Launch Vehicle: Cajun. Aeronomy mission Agency: NASA MSFC?. Apogee: 75 km (46 mi).

1970 March 27 - 17:00 GMT - Launch Vehicle: Cajun. Aeronomy mission Agency: NASA MSFC?. Apogee: 75 km (46 mi).

1970 March 31 - 17:00 GMT - Launch Vehicle: Cajun. Aeronomy mission Agency: NASA MSFC?. Apogee: 75 km (46 mi).

1970 April 6 - 17:00 GMT - Launch Vehicle: Cajun. Aeronomy mission Agency: NASA MSFC?. Apogee: 75 km (46 mi).

1970 April 7 - 15:25 GMT - Launch Vehicle: Cajun. Aeronomy mission Agency: NASA MSFC?. Apogee: 75 km (46 mi).

1970 April 8 - 17:00 GMT - Launch Vehicle: Cajun. Aeronomy mission Agency: NASA MSFC?. Apogee: 75 km (46 mi).

1970 April 9 - 17:00 GMT - Launch Vehicle: Cajun. Aeronomy mission Agency: NASA MSFC?. Apogee: 75 km (46 mi).

1970 April 15 - 17:00 GMT - Launch Vehicle: Cajun. Aeronomy mission Agency: NASA MSFC?. Apogee: 75 km (46 mi).

1970 April 16 - 17:00 GMT - Launch Vehicle: Cajun. Aeronomy mission Agency: NASA MSFC?. Apogee: 75 km (46 mi).

1970 April 17 - 17:00 GMT - Launch Vehicle: Cajun. Aeronomy mission Agency: NASA MSFC?. Apogee: 75 km (46 mi).

1970 April 20 - 17:00 GMT - Launch Vehicle: Cajun. Aeronomy mission Agency: NASA MSFC?. Apogee: 75 km (46 mi).

2008 February 7 - 19:45 GMT - Launch Vehicle: Shuttle. Space Shuttle STS-122 STS-122 Spacecraft: Atlantis. Perigee: 329 km (204 mi). Apogee: 343 km (213 mi). Inclination: 51.60 deg. Period: 91.20 min. Crew: Frick, Poindexter, Melvin, Walheim, Schlegel, Love, Eyharts. ISS flight 1E's primary mission was the long-delayed delivery and installation of the European Columbus module. The shuttle entered an initial 58 km x 230 km orbit at 19:54 GMT. The OMS-2 circularization burn at 20:23 GMT put it into a 215 km x 233 km chase orbit. Atlantis docked with the PMA-2 port of the ISS at 17:17 GMT on 9 February. Eyharts was dropped off at the station, Tani, already aboard the ISS, returned to Earth on Atlantis. Atlantis undocked from the ISS on 20 February at 09:24 GMT; began its deorbit burn at 12:59; and landed at the Kennedy Space Center at 14:07.

2008 March 11 - 06:28 GMT - Launch Vehicle: Shuttle. Space Shuttle STS-123 STS-123 Spacecraft: Endeavour. Perigee: 341 km (211 mi). Apogee: 346 km (214 mi). Inclination: 51.60 deg. Period: 91.40 min. Crew: Gorie, Johnson Gregory H, Behnken, Foreman, Linnehan, Doi, Reisman. Endeavour's main task was delivery of the Canadian Dextre robotic manipulator (fitted to the end of the Canadarm-2 robotic arm already installed on the station) and the Japanese Kibo ELM-PS Experiment Logistics Module - Pressurized. It also brought astronaut Reisman to the station, replacing Eyharts on the long-duration crew. The orbiter was placed in an initial 58 km x 220 km orbit at main engine shutdown, adjusted by the OMS-2 firing 38 minutes later to a 220 km x 233 km chase orbit. On 13 March the shuttle docked with the PMA-2 port of the International Space Station at 03:49 GMT. Mission accomplished, Endeavour undocked at 00:25 GMT on March 25, completed the customary ISS flyaround at 01:36 GMT, deorbited at 23:33 GMT the next day, and landed at 00:39 GMT at Kennedy Space Center.

2008 March 15 - 06:10 GMT - Launch Vehicle: Delta. USA 201 Spacecraft: GPS Block 2R. Perigee: 20,142 km (12,515 mi). Apogee: 20,223 km (12,565 mi). Inclination: 55.10 deg. Period: 718.00 min. The Delta's second stage first cutoff at 06:20 GMT put the stage and payload into a 174 km x 205 km parking orbit. The stage fired again to place the satellite into a 188 km x 20325 km x 40.0 deg transfer orbit. USA 201 fired its apogee motor at 09:21 GMT on 17 March in and placed itself into its operational final orbit.

2008 April 14 - 20:12 GMT - Launch Vehicle: Atlas V. Atlas V 421 AV-014 ICO G1 Mass: 6,600 kg (14,500 lb). Spacecraft: FS-1300. Perigee: 35,774 km (22,228 mi). Apogee: 35,800 km (22,200 mi). Inclination: 6.00 deg. Period: 1,436.10 min. The satellite was to provide mobile communications services for ICO Global Communications, a successor company to Teledesic.

2008 April 16 - 17:02 GMT - Launch Vehicle: Pegasus. Pegasus XL F39 C/NOFS Perigee: 405 km (251 mi). Apogee: 852 km (529 mi). Inclination: 13.00 deg. Period: 97.30 min. The C/NOFS (Communication/Navigation Outage Forecasting System) satellite flew the US Defence Department's Space Test Program P00-3 space weather forecasting mission. The L-1011 launch aircraft staged from Kwajalein atoll to a release point for the Pegasus booster somewhere over the Pacific at 10.5229 N 167.7562 E. The research satellite carring ionospheric instruments, including Aerospace Corporation's CORISS receiver which used GPS signals to determine electron densities in the ionosphere, and the Naval Research Laboratory's CERTO ionospheric radio beacon. The spacecraft was built by General Dynamics C4 Systems (former Spectrum Astro) and was managed by DoD-STP and the Air Force Research Lab. The objective was to provide data that would allow better forecasts of ionospheric scintillation which causes problems with communications and GPS signals. The satellite deployed six 10-meter booms after release from the final booster stage.