Encyclopedia Astronautica
Kapustin Yar

Kaputsin Yar
Map of Kaputsin Yar cosmodrome.
Credit: © Mark Wade

Kapustin Yar
Location of Kapustin Yar
Credit: © Mark Wade

Russia's first missile test range and used for satellite launches of smaller Kosmos vehicles. V-2's launched from here in 1946 were the first ballistic missiles fired on Soviet territory. It was greatly expanded as the test site for innumerable Soviet intermediate and short range missile projects in the 1950's.. Kapustin Year was also headquarters of the first operational R-1/R-2 units, 1950-1953, and later a base for 12 operational R-14 missile launchers. Kapustin Yar was known to have been used for over 3519 major launches from 1946 to 2007.

Minimum Inclination: 48.0 degrees. Maximum Inclination: 51.0 degrees.

AKA: GTsP-4.
Longitude: 46.2542 deg.
Latitude: 48.5781 deg.
Apogee: 5.00 km (3.10 mi).

More... - Chronology...

Associated Countries

Russia Russian Federation Space Systems More...

Associated Spacecraft

DS-1 Ukrainian technology satellite. 2 launches, 1961.10.27 (DS-1 s/n 1) and 1961.12.21 (DS-1 s/n 2). Technology test version of the original DS light satellite design. Primary mission was to test launch vehicle. More...

DS-2 Ukrainian technology satellite. 2 launches, 1962.03.16 (Cosmos 1) to 1964.12.01 (DS-2 s/n 2). More...

1MS Russian technology satellite. 2 launches, 1962.04.06 (Cosmos 2) to 1962.10.25 (1MS). Early Kosmos launcher payloads of unknown purpose, possibly from Korolev OKB. More...

2MS Russian technology satellite. 2 launches, 1962.04.24 (Cosmos 3) to 1962.05.28 (Cosmos 5). Early Kosmos launcher payloads of unknown purpose, possibly from Korolev OKB. More...

DS-P1 Ukrainian military target satellite. 4 launches, 1962.06.30 (Cosmos 6) to 1964.02.27 (Cosmos 25). Prototype ABM radar target; supported developmental experiments for ABM systems. More...

DS-K-8 Ukrainian earth micrometeoroid satellite. One launch, 1962.08.18, Cosmos 8. Detected meteoroid flux in near-earth space and carried unspecified military research equipment. More...

DS-A1 Ukrainian navigation technology satellite. 7 launches, 1962.10.20 (Cosmos 11) to 1965.07.02 (Cosmos 70). More...

Omega Russian technology satellite. 2 launches, 1963.04.13 (Cosmos 14) to 1963.12.13 (Cosmos 23). Early Cosmos satellite, evidently using the Yuzhnoye DS satellite bus. Payload developed by the VNIIEM to test electric gyrodyne orientation systems. More...

DS-MT Ukrainian technology satellite. 3 launches, 1963.06.01 (DS-MT s/n 1) to 1964.12.10 (Cosmos 51). Payload developed by the VNIIEM to test electric gyrodyne orientation systems. Also studied variations in the intensity of cosmic rays. More...

DS-MG Ukrainian technology satellite. 2 launches, 1964.03.18 (Cosmos 26) to 1964.10.24 (Cosmos 49). Payload developed by VNIIEM to test electric gyrodyne orientation systems. Also studied magnetosphere of the earth. More...

DS-P1-Yu Ukrainian military target satellite. 79 launches, 1964.07.30 (Cosmos 36) to 1976.08.26 (Cosmos 850). Development of systems for air defense and the control of outer space. More...

Strela-1 Russian military store-dump communications satellite. 29 launches, 1964.08.18 (Cosmos 38) to 1965.09.18 (Cosmos 90). More...

DS-U2-V Ukrainian military technology satellite. 4 launches, 1965.10.19 (Cosmos 93) to 1968.02.20 (Cosmos 202). Military technology development satellite - mission still classified. More...

DS-U2-M Ukrainian technology satellite. 2 launches, 1965.11.26 (Cosmos 97) to 1967.03.03 (Cosmos 145). Development tests of atomic clocks. More...

DS-K-40 Ukrainian communications technology satellite. 2 launches, 1965.12.28 (DS-K-40 s/n 1) and 1966.02.21 (DS-K-40 s/n 2). Development of systems for the later operational Tselina satellites. More...

DS-P1-I Ukrainian military target satellite. 19 launches, 1966.01.25 (Cosmos 106) to 1977.06.18 (Cosmos 919). Operational radar target for the ABM forces. More...

DS-U1-G Ukrainian earth ionosphere satellite. 2 launches, 1966.02.11 (Cosmos 108) to 1967.12.19 (Cosmos 196). Studied the relationship between variations in the upper atmosphere and solar activity. More...

DS-U2-I Ukrainian earth ionosphere satellite. 3 launches, 1966.05.24 (Cosmos 119) to 1968.12.14 (Cosmos 259). Studied the influence of the ionosphere on passing VLF radio waves. More...

DS-U2-MP Ukrainian earth micrometeoroid satellite. 2 launches, 1966.12.12 (Cosmos 135) to 1967.06.05 (Cosmos 163). Studied cosmic dust particles in near-Earth space. More...

DS-U2-D Ukrainian earth magnetosphere satellite. 2 launches, 1966.12.21 (Cosmos 137) to 1968.04.26 (Cosmos 219). Studied charged particle flows. More...

DS-MO Ukrainian technology satellite. 2 launches, 1967.03.21 (Cosmos 149) to 1970.01.16 (Cosmos 320). Used in development of aerodynamic systems for stabilization and orientation of spacecraft. Also carried military optical equipment experiments. More...

Tsiklon Russian navigation satellite. 31 launches, 1967.05.15 (Cosmos 158) to 1978.07.27 (Cosmos 1027). More...

DS-U3-S Ukrainian solar satellite. 2 launches, 1967.06.16 (Cosmos 166) to 1968.07.05 (Cosmos 230). Specialized orbital solar observatory for measuring solar rays in multiple spectral zones. More...

DS-U1-Ya Ukrainian earth magnetosphere satellite. 2 launches, 1968.03.06 (DS-U1-Ya s/n 1) and 1968.06.12 (Cosmos 225). Studied charged particle flows and cosmic rays. More...

DS-U1-A Ukrainian earth ionosphere satellite. One launch, 1968.04.19, Cosmos 215. Studied the optical characteristics of the atmosphere. Radiation observatory; 8 telescopes. More...

DS-U2-GF Ukrainian solar satellite. One launch, 1968.12.26, Cosmos 262. Conducted heliophysical studies. More...

DS-U3-IK Ukrainian earth magnetosphere satellite. 6 launches, 1969.10.14 (Intercosmos 1) to 1976.07.26 (Intercosmos 16). Measurements of the sun; used for Interkosmos launches. More...

DS-U1-IK Ukrainian earth ionosphere satellite. 2 launches, 1969.12.25 (Intercosmos 2) to 1972.12.01 (Intercosmos 8). Studies ionosphere of the earth; version used for Intercosmos international launches. More...

DS-U1-R Ukrainian earth atmosphere satellite. One launch, 1970.04.24, Cosmos 335. Studied spectral range of the UF. More...

DS-U2-IK Ukrainian earth ionosphere satellite. 7 launches, 1970.08.07 (Intercosmos 3) to 1975.12.11 (Intercosmos 14). Studied charged particle flows and the ionosphere; version used for Intercosmos international launches. More...

Aryabhata Indian earth atmosphere satellite. One launch, 1975.04.19. The Soviet Union assisted India in development of Aryabhata, its first satellite, named for the Indian astronomer. The satellite conducted scientific experiments on atmospheric research. More...

Taifun-2 Ukrainian military target satellite. 31 launches, 1976.04.28 (Cosmos 816) to 1995.03.02 (Cosmos 2306). In 1969 KB Yuzhnoye introduced targets for exercise and test of PVO air defense and space tracking systems. More...

Signe French technology satellite. One launch, 1977.06.17. More...

Bhaskara Indian earth land resources satellite. 2 launches, 1979.06.07 (Bhaskara 1) and 1981.11.20 (Bhaskara 2). Experimental satellite for conducting earth resources survey over India. More...

Taifun-1Yu Ukrainian military target satellite. 13 launches, 1979.12.05 (Cosmos 1146) to 1996.04.24 (Cosmos 2332). The Taifun-1Yu, a modification of the basic design with smooth calibration surfaces, was to be in service by 1980. More...

BOR-4 Russian manned spaceplane. 4 launches, 1982.06.04 (Cosmos 1374) to 1984.12.19 (Cosmos 1614). BOR-4 were subscale test versions of the Spiral manned spaceplanes. More...

BOR-5 Russian spaceplane. 2 launches, 1983.07.04 (BOR-5 Flight 1) and 1984.06.06 (BOR-5 Flight 6). The aerodynamic characteristics of Buran at hypersonic speeds were validated by the BOR-5 1:8 sub-scale model of Buran. More...

Orbcomm American communications technology satellite. 31 launches, 1991.07.17 (Orbcomm-X) to 2008.06.19 (Orbcomm FM36). Orbcomm was a commercial venture to provide global messaging services using a constellation of 26 low-Earth orbiting satellites. More...

ABRIXAS German x-ray astronomy satellite. One launch, 1999.04.28. X-ray astronomy satellite with the mission to carry out an all-sky survey in the 1-10 keV band with 30 arcsecond resolution. More...

Megsat Italian communications technology satellite. 2 launches, 1999.04.28 (Megsat-0) and 2000.09.26 (MegSat-1). The first private Italian satellites, Megsats were microsatellites designed to transmit scientific and commercial data. More...

See also

Kosmos 2 In 1960 the Soviet government decreed development of a lightweight launch vehicle for launch of payloads not requiring R-7 family of boosters. A modification of the R-12 IRBM was selected as the first stage; a new high-performance second stage was developed using a unique Lox/UDMH propellant combination. After two failures, the first successful flight was on March 16, 1962. More...

Kosmos 3 In 1961 Isayev and Reshetnev developed the Voskhod space launch system on the basis of the R-14 IRBM. The initial version of the two stage rocket was designated Kosmos-1. The first 'Voskhod' launch complex was at Baikonur, a modification of one of the pads at the R-16 ICBM launch complex 41. More...

M-100 Two-stage, solid propellant, fin stabilized, unguided Russian sounding rocket, fired in greater numbers than any other. At least 6,640 of all models were fired to the edge of space before the vehicle was discontinued in 1990. 4,908 of the basic M-100 model were fired from 1957-07-11 to 1983-09-28. More...

MR-12 The MR-12 sounding rocket was developed by the Soviet Union as a modern replacement for the MR-1 Meteo. It was a single stage solid rocket with a 170 kg payload. Payload section 1.55 m long, 0.445 m in diameter. More...

Orbital Launch Site Category of launch sites. More...

Pioner Mobile solid propellant intermediate range multiple warhead ballistic missile. Seen as an enormous threat to NATO. 405 launchers deployed by 1987 when the missile was banned by the INF Treaty. More...

R-1 Stalin did not decide to proceed with Soviet production of this copy of the German V-2 until 1948. Despite the threatening supervision of the program by Stalin's secret police chief, Beria, and the assistance of German rocket engineers, it took eight years for the German technology to be absorbed and the missile to be put into service. It was almost immediately superseded by later designs, but the effort laid the groundwork for the Soviet rocket industry. Surplus R-1's were converted to use as a sounding rockets for military and scientific research missions. More...

R-11 First Russian ballistic missile using storable propellants, developed from the German Wasserfall SAM by Korolev's OKB. The design was then spun off to the Makeyev OKB for development of Army (R-17 Scud) and SLBM (R-11FMA) derivatives. More...

R-17 The final refinement of the R-11 design, the R-17, was exported widely and became infamous around the world by its ASCC reporting name - "Scud". It was perhaps the most famous ballistic missile of the post-war period due to its use in the Iran-Iraq 'War of the Cities' and the Gulf War. This was the definitive production version of what was essentially a storable-propellant rocket with the performance of the V-2. More...

R-2 The Soviet R-2 ballistic missile was developed in 1947-1953, nearly in parallel with the R-1 from which it derived. It incorporated many detailed improvements, had double the range of the R-1 and V-2, and was equipped with a deadly radiological warhead. The ethyl alcohol used in the V-2 and R-1 was replaced by methyl alcohol in the R-2, eliminating the problem of the launch troops drinking up the rocket fuel. Versions of the R-2 for suborbital manned flight were studied by Korolev in 1956-1958, but it was decided instead to move directly to orbital flights of the Vostok. However some equipment tested on the R-2 found its way onto canine flights of Sputnik and Vostok. The R-2 design was transferred to China in 1957 to 1961, providing the technical basis of the Chinese rocket industry. More...

R-5 The R-5 was the first Soviet missile to be armed with a nuclear warhead, and the first for which the new southern facility at Dnepropetrovsk took over full design and production responsibility. The R-5 could deliver a 1425 kg warhead over a range of 1200 km, doubling the performance of the R-2. It was also the end of the road in being the ultimate extrapolation of German V-2 technology. Later missiles of both Yangel and Korolev would use other propellants and engine designs. More...

RT-15 The RT-15 IRBM used the second and third stages if the RT-2 ICBM. After protracted development in 1961-1970 with a range of alternative self-propelled mobile launchers, limited numbers ('few' to 19) of two types of launchers were deployed in 1970. The various transporters tested created confusion in the West (with designations SS-14 Scapegoat and Scamp being applied). More...

RT-2 Development of the RT-2, the Soviet Union's first solid propellant ICBM, was undertaken by Sergei Korolev and his successor from 1961-1968. It was a huge technical challenge, involving technology in which the Russians had no prior experience. The high-priority RT-2 preoccupied Korolev and his team throughout the period of the moon race, and could be considered a factor in the loss of that race to the Americans. In the end only sixty were deployed, but these provided the technical basis for Russian ballistic missiles of the 1980's and beyond. More...

Topol Containerised all-solid propellant Nadiradze ICBM designed for launch from mobile and silo launchers. Replaced UR-100/UR-100NU in silos. More...

V-2 The V-2 ballistic missile (known to its designers as the A4) was the world's first operational liquid fuel rocket. It represented an enormous quantum leap in technology, financed by Nazi Germany in a huge development program that cost at least $ 2 billion in 1944 dollars. 6,084 V-2 missiles were built, 95% of them by 20,000 slave labourer in the last seven months of World War II at a unit price of $ 17,877. More...

Associated Launch Vehicles

A-4 German production version. More...

RNII Sounding Rocket Russian sounding rocket. P I Ivanov at RNII (Reaction Scientific Research Institute) developed a four-stage solid rocket capable of reaching 40 km altitude in 1944-1946. Two launches were made, but the project was considered generally unsuccessful and not followed up. More...

R-1 Russian short range ballistic missile. Stalin did not decide to proceed with Soviet production of this copy of the German V-2 until 1948. Despite the threatening supervision of the program by Stalin's secret police chief, Beria, and the assistance of German rocket engineers, it took eight years for the German technology to be absorbed and the missile to be put into service. It was almost immediately superseded by later designs, but the effort laid the groundwork for the Soviet rocket industry. Surplus R-1's were converted to use as a sounding rockets for military and scientific research missions. More...

R-1A Russian short range ballistic test vehicle. Experimental missile for testing warhead separation. More...

R-2E Russian intermediate range ballistic suborbital launch vehicle. The R-2E prototype tested technological innovations planned for the production R-2 missile. These included use of an integral fuel tank and a seperable warhead. More...

R-2 Russian intermediate range ballistic missile. The Soviet R-2 ballistic missile was developed in 1947-1953, nearly in parallel with the R-1 from which it derived. It incorporated many detailed improvements, had double the range of the R-1 and V-2, and was equipped with a deadly radiological warhead. The ethyl alcohol used in the V-2 and R-1 was replaced by methyl alcohol in the R-2, eliminating the problem of the launch troops drinking up the rocket fuel. Versions of the R-2 for suborbital manned flight were studied by Korolev in 1956-1958, but it was decided instead to move directly to orbital flights of the Vostok. However some equipment tested on the R-2 found its way onto canine flights of Sputnik and Vostok. The R-2 design was transferred to China in 1957 to 1961, providing the technical basis of the Chinese rocket industry. More...

R-1V Russian short range ballistic suborbital launch vehicle. The R-1V version was designed for scientific research at altitudes of up to 100 km, including study of cosmic rays; properties of the atmosphere; solar spectra; effects if zero-G and radiation on animals; and development of recovery of the entire missile using parachutes in order to reuse it for further experimental launches. More...

R-1B Russian short range ballistic suborbital launch vehicle. The R-1B version was designed for scientific research at altitudes of up to 100 km, including study of cosmic rays; properties of the atmosphere; solar spectra; effects if zero-G and radiation on animals; and development of recovery of the entire missile using parachutes in order to reuse it for further experimental launches. More...

R-1 8A11 Russian short range ballistic missile. Initial production version. More...

R-5 Russian intermediate range ballistic missile. The R-5 was the first Soviet missile to be armed with a nuclear warhead, the first for which the new southern facility at Dnepropetrovsk took over full design and production responsibility. It was also the end of the road in being the ultimate extrapolation of German V-2 technology. Later missiles of both Yangel and Korolev would use other propellants and engine designs. More...

R-11 First Russian ballistic missile using storable propellants, developed from the German Wasserfall SAM by Korolev's OKB. The design was then spun off to the Makeyev OKB for development of Army (R-17 Scud) and SLBM (R-11FMA) derivatives. More...

A-1 (R-1) Single stage vehicle. More...

R-1D Russian short range ballistic suborbital launch vehicle. The R-1B version was designed for scientific research at altitudes of up to 100 km, including winds aloft, the ionosphere, and effects of spaceflight and recovery of living animals. More...

R-11FM First Russian submarine-launched ballistic missile. Following protracted testing the design was accepted by the military in 1959 but never put into operational service. More...

R-2R Russian intermediate range ballistic missile. More...

R-5M Russian intermediate range ballistic missile. The R-5M was the first Soviet missile to be armed with a nuclear warhead, and the first to launch a live nuclear warhead in test. The technical characteristics were virtually the same as those of the R-5 basic model, except for an increase in the propellant load. 48 launchers were deployed from 1956 to 1968, tipped with nuclear warheads of 80 kiloton, 300 kiloton, or 1 megaton. More...

R-1E Russian short range ballistic suborbital launch vehicle. The R-1E version was designed for scientific research at altitudes of up to 100 km, including winds aloft, air composition, solar radiation, the ionosphere, ozone layer characteristics, and effects of spaceflight and recovery of living animals. More...

R-1E (A-1) Russian short range ballistic suborbital launch vehicle. More...

R-11M Russian submarine-launched ballistic missile. Improved production version of R-11, not retired until 1977. More...

R-2A Russian intermediate range ballistic suborbital launch vehicle. The R-2A was designed for scientific research at altitudes of up to 200 km, including properties of the atmosphere from 150-200 km; ultraviolet observations of the sun; recovery of animals from flights to 200 km altitude; and study of the ionosphere at altitudes of 150-200 km. More...

R-12 Ukrainian intermediate range ballistic missile. The R-12 was the first operationally effective intermediate range ballistic missile, the first Soviet missile deployed with a thermonuclear warhead, and the first mass-produced missile in history. 2,300 of the storable propellant rockets were built and deployed in both mobile and silo-based versions for thirty years, from March 1959 to June 1989. It was a primary element in the Soviet deterrent threatening Western Europe and China throughout the Cold War. Deployment of R-12's to Cuba in 1962 precipitated the Cuba Missile Crisis. More...

M-100 Two-stage, solid propellant, fin stabilized, unguided Russian sounding rocket, fired in greater numbers than any other. At least 6,640 of all models were fired to the edge of space before the vehicle was discontinued in 1990. 4,908 of the basic M-100 model were fired from 1957-07-11 to 1983-09-28. More...

Burya A government decree on 20 May 1954 authorised the Lavochkin aircraft design bureau to proceed with full-scale development of the Burya trisonic intercontinental cruise missile. Burya launches began in July 1957. The project was cancelled, but the team was allowed final tests in 1961 that demonstrated a 6,500 km range at Mach 3.2 with the 2,350 kg payload. In cancelling Burya the Russians gave up technology that Lavochkin planned to evolve into a manned shuttle-like recoverable launch vehicle. More...

R-5A Russian intermediate range ballistic missile. Vertical launch version of the R-5 missile for geophysical experiments retaining the nose cone of the IRBM, but equipped with a parachute recovery system. Experiments carried included solar ultraviolet spectroscopes, mass spectrometers for atmospheric composition studies, and capsules carrying dogs for zero-gravity biologically research. More...

M-100 (A-1) Russian sounding rocket. More...

R-11A Russian suborbital launch vehicle. Version of the R-11 'Scud' missile used as a sounding rocket. First launched in 1957, and capable of taking 250 to 400 kg of payload to 100 to 160 km altitude. The payloads were enclosed in a spherical re-entry capsule, which was gyro-stabilised to ensure instruments could be pointed precisely at the sun or other astronomical target. More...

R-13 Russian submarine-launched ballistic missile. Developed from 1956-1960. First nuclear-armed SLBM. More...

R-5V Russian intermediate range ballistic missile. Vertical launch version of the R-5 missile for geophysical experiments under the Vertikal international program, equipped with a spherical re-entry capsule and a parachute recovery system. A wide range of international astrophysics and geophysics instruments were carried. More...

R-14 Ukrainian intermediate range ballistic missile. The R-14, with a range of 3600 km, was the only missile of that range class to be fielded. A key element in the Cuba missile crisis, it thereafter was part of the nuclear deterrent targeted at NATO and China. Built in relatively limited numbers by Soviet standards, it was perhaps more important as the basis for the first stage of the R-16 ICBM and the Kosmos-3 launch vehicle. The latter continued in use into the 21st Century. More...

R-17 Russian short-range ballistic missile. The final refinement of the R-11 design, the R-17, was exported widely and became infamous around the world by its ASCC reporting name - "Scud". It was perhaps the most famous ballistic missile of the post-war period due to its use in the Iran-Iraq 'War of the Cities' and the Gulf War. This was the definitive production version of what was essentially a storable-propellant rocket with the performance of the V-2. The original design was by Makeyev but the missile itself was produced by the Votkinsk Machine Building Plant. More...

Kosmos 63S1 Ukrainian orbital launch vehicle. The 63S1 initial production version was used through May 1966 for a total of 40 launches, of which 12 were failures. It was succeeded by the 63S1M prototype for the 11K63 production space launcher. More...

R-11A-MV Russian suborbital launch vehicle. Sounding rocket version of R-11 with increased payload. More...

R-14U Russian intermediate range ballistic missile. Universal version, for pad-launch or from silo complex 'Chusovaya'. More...

RT-1 The RT-1 (RT = rocket, solid in Russian) was the first large Soviet solid propellant ballistic missile. It was developed and tested in 1959-1963, but no production was undertaken due to its poor performance. More...

MR-12 Russian sounding rocket. The MR-12 sounding rocket was developed by the Soviet Union as a modern replacement for the MR-1 Meteo. It was a single stage solid rocket with a 170 kg payload. Payload section 1.55 m long, 0.445 m in diameter. More...

R-5B Russian intermediate range ballistic missile. More...

R-5 VAO Russian intermediate range ballistic missile. Vertical launch version of the R-5 missile for geophysical experiments using the High-Altitude Automatic Geophysical Station nose cone originally flown on the R-11, equipped with a parachute recovery system. . Experiments carried in the gyro-stabilised payload included solar ultraviolet spectroscopes and x-ray pinhole cameras. More...

RT-15 Russian intermediate range ballistic missile. The RT-15 IRBM used the second and third stages if the RT-2 ICBM. After protracted development in 1961-1970 with a range of alternative self-propelled mobile launchers, limited numbers ('few' to 19) of two types of launchers were deployed in 1970. The various transporters tested created confusion in the West (with designations SS-14 Scapegoat and Scamp being applied). More...

Kosmos 11K63 Ukrainian orbital launch vehicle. Series production version of satellite launcher based on Yangel R-12 IRBM. Succeeded 63S1M prototype from 1965, using same 'Dvina' launch complex. From March 16, 1967 orbital launches from Plesetsk were from the purpose-built 'Raduga' launch complex LC133. Total of 123 launches, of which 8 were failures. More...

RT-2 Development of the RT-2, the Soviet Union's first solid propellant ICBM, was undertaken by Sergei Korolev and his successor from 1961-1968. It was a huge technical challenge, involving technology in which the Russians had no prior experience. The high-priority RT-2 preoccupied Korolev and his team throughout the period of the moon race, and could be considered a factor in the loss of that race to the Americans. In the end only sixty were deployed, but these provided the technical basis for Russian ballistic missiles of the 1980's and beyond. More...

Kosmos 11K65M Russian orbital launch vehicle. Definitive and prolific production version of satellite launcher based on Yangel R-14 IRBM. After further development at NPO Polyot (Omsk, Chief Designer A S Klinishkov), the modified Kosmos-3M added a restartable second stage with an orientation system. This booster was launched form two 'Cusovaya' launch complexes from 1967. The second stage used low thrust rockets using gas generator output to adjust the final velocity of the stage More...

K65M-R Russian orbital launch vehicle. Two stage vehicle for suborbital tests consisting of 1 x R-14 + 1 x S3M. More...

Vertikal-4 Russian orbital launch vehicle. Soviet sounding rocket, based on the R-14 IRBM. More...

Pioner Russian intermediate range ballistic missile. Mobile solid propellant intermediate range multiple warhead ballistic missile. Seen as an enormous threat to NATO. 405 launchers deployed by 1987 when the missile was banned by the INF Treaty. More...

R-31 Russian submarine launched ballistic missile. First Soviet submarine-launched ballistic missile to reach production using solid propellants. Deployed from 1980, but withdrawn in 1990 under the terms of the SALT-2 Treaty. More...

M-100B Russian sounding rocket. Model calibrated with Western sounding rockets and part of the World Meteorological Network. 1,730 launched from 1976-01-07 to 1990-12-. More...

MMR-06 Russian sounding rocket. Soviet solid propellant sounding rocket, capable of lofting 5 to 11 kg to 60 km altitude. Launch mass 130 kg, 9 seconds burn time. Nose ejects at apogee. Flown in both conical nose and boosted dart configurations. More...

MR-20 Russian sounding rocket. Upper atmosphere Soviet sounding rocket, improved version of MR-12, but capable of lofting 135 kg to 250 km altitude. More...

K65M-RB Russian orbital launch vehicle. Two stage vehicle for suborbital tests consisting of 1 x R-14 + 1 x S3M. More...

Topol Russian containerised all-solid propellant intercontinental ballistic missile designed for launch from mobile and silo launchers. Replaced UR-100/UR-100NU in silos. More...

MERA Russian sounding rocket. Two-stage small meteorological sounding rocket, consisting of two identical solid rocket motors in tandem, stabilised by fins, topped by a payload dart with instrumentation. More...

Topol M All-Russian solid propellant ICBM set to replace all older models in the first decade of the 21st Century. Designed for mobile deployment on 8-axis transport-launcher RT-2M2/SS-X-29), or placement in existing UR-100N and R-36M silos (RT-2M1/SS-X-27). More...

Associated Manufacturers and Agencies

RVSN Russian agency overseeing development of spacecraft. Raketniye Voiska Stratigcheskovo Naznacheniya (Russian Strategic Rocket Forces), Russia. More...

Associated Programs

Buran The Energia-Buran Reusable Space System (MKS) had its origins in NPO Energia studies of 1974 to 1975 for a 'Space Rocket Complex Program'. More...

DS DS ('Dnepropetrovsk Sputnik') were small satellites built by Yangel's OKB-586 / KB Yuzhnoye in the Ukraine for launch by the same KB's Kosmos launch vehicles. They were used for a wide range of military and scientific research and component proving tests. More...

Intercosmos International cooperative satellites with a variety of missions, launched by Soviet boosters. More...

MS Engineering test for the launching of scientific satellites. More...

Orbcomm Orbcomm was a commercial venture to provide global messaging services using a constellation of 26 low-Earth orbiting satellites. More...

Strela Military store-dump communications satellite network. The commercial version of GRU Strela-3 military store-dump satellite are designated Gonets-D1. They were to be deployed in a constellation of 12 satellites (2 planes of 6) between 1996 and 1998. Each satellite has a single simultaneous earth-space and space-earth channel. On-board storage is 12 Mbits of data, with a transmission rate of 2.4 kbit/sec. Two preproduction test spacecraft of slightly different configuration called 'Gonets-D' were flown. More...

Bibliography

McDowell, Jonathan, Jonathan's Space Home Page (launch records), Harvard University, 1997-present. Web Address when accessed: here.

Melnik, T G, Voenno-Kosmicheskiy Siliy, Nauka, Moscow, 1997..

Associated Launch Sites

Kapustin Yar SM-49 R-11 launch complex. SM-49 submarine simulator More...

Kapustin Yar Mayak-1 Kosmos 2 launch silo. More...

Kapustin Yar VLAD Burya launch complex. Vladimirovka Air Force test area More...

Kapustin Yar silo Kosmos 3 launch silo. Unknown location. More...

Kapustin Yar SP-2 R-2 launch complex. Unknown site for R-2A launches More...

Kapustin Yar PL1 Kosmos 2 launch complex. PL 1, Vladimirovka Air Force test area More...

Kapustin Yar Mayak-2 Kosmos 2 launch silo. More...

Kapustin Yar LC84 RT-15, R-5, Kosmos 3 launch complex. More...

Kapustin Yar PL87 RT-2 launch complex. More...

Kapustin Yar LC86/4 Kosmos 2 launch complex. More...

Kapustin Yar LC86/1 Kosmos 2, R-31 launch complex. More...

Kapustin Yar LC107/2 Kosmos 3 launch complex. More...

Kapustin Yar V-2 V-2, RT-15, R-5, R-2, R-17, R-11, R-1, Pioner, MR-12, M-100, Kosmos 3, Kosmos 2, RT-1, R-13, MMR-06, MERA launch complex. V-2 Launch Area More...

Kapustin Yar START Pioner START SS-20 Site More...

Kapustin Yar LC107/1 Kosmos 3 launch complex. More...

Kapustin Yar START R-12 START R-12 Site More...

Kapustin Yar SAM SAM Test area More...

Kapustin Yar S Launch area south More...

Kapustin Yar OKB1 Korolev launch area More...

Kapustin Yar MR-100 MR-100 launch area More...

Kapustin Yar LC107/2e Orbital launch vehicle launcher More...

Kapustin Yar LC107/1a Orbital launch vehicle launcher More...

Kapustin Yar LC107/2a Orbital launch vehicle launcher More...

Kapustin Yar LC107/2b Orbital launch vehicle launcher More...

Kapustin Yar LC107/1b Orbital launch vehicle launcher More...

Kapustin Yar LC107/2d Orbital launch vehicle launcher More...

Kapustin Yar LC86/4c Orbital launch vehicle launcher More...

Kapustin Yar LC107/2f Orbital launch vehicle launcher More...

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Kapustin Yar Chronology

1946 March 19 - . Launch Site: Kapustin Yar. Launch Vehicle: RNII Sounding Rocket. FAILURE: Failure.

Test mission - . Nation: USSR. Agency: FIAN. Apogee: 1.00 km (0.60 mi).

1946 June 1 - . Launch Site: Kapustin Yar. Launch Vehicle: RNII Sounding Rocket.

Test mission - . Nation: USSR. Agency: FIAN. Apogee: 35 km (21 mi).

1946 June 1 - . Launch Site: Kapustin Yar. Launch Vehicle: RNII Sounding Rocket. FAILURE: Failure.

Test mission - . Nation: USSR. Agency: FIAN. Apogee: 0 km ( mi).

1946 June 1 - . Launch Site: Kapustin Yar. Launch Vehicle: RNII Sounding Rocket. FAILURE: Failure.

Test mission - . Nation: USSR. Agency: FIAN. Apogee: 0 km ( mi).

1947 October 18 - . 07:47 GMT - . Launch Site: Kapustin Yar. Launch Complex: Kapustin Yar V-2. LV Family: V-2. Launch Vehicle: A-4. LV Configuration: A-4 010T.

Soviet V-2 launch - . Nation: USSR. Agency: Korolev. Apogee: 86 km (53 mi). Summary: Range achieved 206.7 km. Destroyed during ballistic portion of flight..

1947 October 20 - . 08:14 GMT - . Launch Site: Kapustin Yar. Launch Complex: Kapustin Yar V-2. LV Family: V-2. Launch Vehicle: A-4. LV Configuration: A-4 04T.

Soviet V-2 launch - . Nation: USSR. Agency: Korolev. Apogee: 85 km (52 mi). Summary: Range achieved 231.4 km. Tore loose from launch stand; flew 180 km left of planned target..

1947 October 23 - . 14:05 GMT - . Launch Site: Kapustin Yar. Launch Complex: Kapustin Yar V-2. LV Family: V-2. Launch Vehicle: A-4. LV Configuration: A-4 08T. FAILURE: Payload destroyed, leading to rocket disintegration..

Soviet V-2 launch - . Nation: USSR. Agency: Korolev. Apogee: 14 km (8 mi). Summary: Range achieved 29.4 km..

1947 October 28 - . 13:47 GMT - . Launch Site: Kapustin Yar. Launch Complex: Kapustin Yar V-2. LV Family: V-2. Launch Vehicle: A-4. LV Configuration: A-4 03T.

Soviet V-2 launch - . Nation: USSR. Agency: Korolev. Apogee: 87 km (54 mi). Summary: Range achieved 274.3 km. Achieved objectives..

1947 October 31 - . 13:41 GMT - . Launch Site: Kapustin Yar. Launch Complex: Kapustin Yar V-2. LV Family: V-2. Launch Vehicle: A-4. LV Configuration: A-4 06T. FAILURE: Loss of control on longitudinal axis..

Soviet V-2 launch - . Nation: USSR. Agency: Korolev. Apogee: 0 km ( mi). Summary: Range achieved 2 km..

1947 November 2 - . 15:14 GMT - . Launch Site: Kapustin Yar. Launch Complex: Kapustin Yar V-2. LV Family: V-2. Launch Vehicle: A-4. LV Configuration: A-4 14N.

Soviet V-2 launch - . Nation: USSR. Agency: Korolev. Apogee: 88 km (54 mi). Summary: Range achieved 260 km. Achieved objective..

1947 November 3 - . 12:05 GMT - . Launch Site: Kapustin Yar. Launch Complex: Kapustin Yar V-2. LV Family: V-2. Launch Vehicle: A-4. LV Configuration: A-4 30N. FAILURE: Rolled after launch and lost stabilization..

Soviet V-2 launch - . Nation: USSR. Agency: Korolev. Apogee: 0 km ( mi). Summary: Range achieved 2.3 km..

1947 November 4 - . 15:02 GMT - . Launch Site: Kapustin Yar. Launch Complex: Kapustin Yar V-2. LV Family: V-2. Launch Vehicle: A-4. LV Configuration: A-4 01T.

Soviet V-2 launch - . Nation: USSR. Agency: Korolev. Apogee: 89 km (55 mi). Summary: Range achieved 268 km. Met objectives..

1947 November 10 - . 09:39 GMT - . Launch Site: Kapustin Yar. Launch Complex: Kapustin Yar V-2. LV Family: V-2. Launch Vehicle: A-4. LV Configuration: A-4 21N. FAILURE: Lost guidance..

Soviet V-2 launch - . Nation: USSR. Agency: Korolev. Apogee: 11 km (6 mi). Summary: Range achieved 24.4 km..

1947 November 13 - . 08:30 GMT - . Launch Site: Kapustin Yar. Launch Complex: Kapustin Yar V-2. LV Family: V-2. Launch Vehicle: A-4. LV Configuration: A-4 22N.

Soviet V-2 launch - . Nation: USSR. Agency: Korolev. Apogee: 89 km (55 mi).

1947 November 13 - . 14:00 GMT - . Launch Site: Kapustin Yar. Launch Complex: Kapustin Yar V-2. LV Family: V-2. Launch Vehicle: A-4. LV Configuration: A-4 19N.

Soviet V-2 launch - . Nation: USSR. Agency: Korolev. Apogee: 89 km (55 mi). Summary: Range achieved 270 km. Broke up on re-entry..

1948 September 17 - . Launch Site: Kapustin Yar. Launch Complex: Kapustin Yar V-2. LV Family: R-1. Launch Vehicle: R-1. LV Configuration: R-1 I-4. FAILURE: Veered 51 degrees from flight path..

- . Nation: USSR. Agency: Korolev. Apogee: 0 km ( mi). Summary: First of 9 rockets of first test series. Veered 51 degrees from flight path..

1948 October 10 - . Launch Site: Kapustin Yar. Launch Complex: Kapustin Yar V-2. LV Family: R-1. Launch Vehicle: R-1. LV Configuration: R-1 I-1.

- . Nation: USSR. Agency: Korolev. Apogee: 100 km (60 mi). Summary: Range achieved 300 km. Successful flight..

1948 October 13 - . Launch Site: Kapustin Yar. Launch Complex: Kapustin Yar V-2. LV Family: R-1. Launch Vehicle: R-1. LV Configuration: R-1 I-9.

Test mission - . Nation: USSR. Agency: Korolev. Apogee: 100 km (60 mi).

1948 October 21 - . Launch Site: Kapustin Yar. Launch Complex: Kapustin Yar V-2. LV Family: R-1. Launch Vehicle: R-1. LV Configuration: R-1 I-6.

Test mission - . Nation: USSR. Agency: Korolev. Apogee: 100 km (60 mi).

1948 October 23 - . Launch Site: Kapustin Yar. Launch Complex: Kapustin Yar V-2. LV Family: R-1. Launch Vehicle: R-1. LV Configuration: R-1 I-10.

Test mission - . Nation: USSR. Agency: Korolev. Apogee: 100 km (60 mi).

1948 November 1 - . Launch Site: Kapustin Yar. Launch Complex: Kapustin Yar V-2. LV Family: R-1. Launch Vehicle: R-1. LV Configuration: R-1 I-3.

Test mission - . Nation: USSR. Agency: Korolev. Apogee: 100 km (60 mi).

1948 November 3 - . Launch Site: Kapustin Yar. Launch Complex: Kapustin Yar V-2. LV Family: R-1. Launch Vehicle: R-1. LV Configuration: R-1 I-12.

Test mission - . Nation: USSR. Agency: Korolev. Apogee: 100 km (60 mi).

1948 November 4 - . Launch Site: Kapustin Yar. Launch Complex: Kapustin Yar V-2. LV Family: R-1. Launch Vehicle: R-1. LV Configuration: R-1 I-2.

Test mission - . Nation: USSR. Agency: Korolev. Apogee: 100 km (60 mi).

1948 November 5 - . Launch Site: Kapustin Yar. Launch Complex: Kapustin Yar V-2. LV Family: R-1. Launch Vehicle: R-1. LV Configuration: R-1 I-11.

- . Nation: USSR. Agency: Korolev. Apogee: 100 km (60 mi). Summary: Ninth and last launch of first R-1 test series..

1949 May 7 - . 03:12 GMT - . Launch Site: Kapustin Yar. Launch Complex: Kapustin Yar V-2. LV Family: R-1. Launch Vehicle: R-1A. LV Configuration: R-1A 1.

- . Nation: USSR. Agency: Korolev. Apogee: 100 km (60 mi). Test of separable warhead. Range achieved 200 km. Ballistic launch. Expected range 210 km. Launched at 0612 local time. The launches were first made public by Tass on March 27, 1958: 'In May 1949 a single-stage Russian rocket attained an altitude of 109 km with an instrument payload of 120 to 130 kg'.

1949 May 10 - . 15:57 GMT - . Launch Site: Kapustin Yar. Launch Complex: Kapustin Yar V-2. LV Family: R-1. Launch Vehicle: R-1A. LV Configuration: R-1A 2.

- . Nation: USSR. Agency: Korolev. Apogee: 100 km (60 mi). Summary: Test of separable warhead. Range achieved 279.6 km. Ballistic launch. Expected range 210 km. Launched at 1857 local time..

1949 May 15 - . 02:48 GMT - . Launch Site: Kapustin Yar. Launch Complex: Kapustin Yar V-2. LV Family: R-1. Launch Vehicle: R-1A. LV Configuration: R-1A 3.

- . Nation: USSR. Agency: Korolev. Apogee: 100 km (60 mi). Summary: Test of separable warhead. Range achieved 210 km. Ballistic launch. Expected range 210 km. Launched at 0548 local time..

1949 May 16 - . 21:55 GMT - . Launch Site: Kapustin Yar. Launch Complex: Kapustin Yar V-2. LV Family: R-1. Launch Vehicle: R-1A. LV Configuration: R-1A 4.

- . Nation: USSR. Agency: Korolev. Apogee: 100 km (60 mi). Summary: Test of separable warhead. Range achieved 320 km. Ballistic launch. Expected range 210 km. Launched at 0055 local time..

1949 May 24 - . 01:40 GMT - . Launch Site: Kapustin Yar. Launch Complex: Kapustin Yar V-2. LV Family: R-1. Launch Vehicle: R-1A. LV Configuration: R-1A 5.

FIAR-1 Test/Aeronomy mission - . Nation: USSR. Agency: Korolev. Apogee: 100 km (60 mi). Summary: Test of separable warhead. Range achieved 32.9 km. Vertical launch. Expected range 22 km. Launched at 0440 local time. Carried two 85 kg Physical Measurement of Atmospheric Boundary (FIAR-1) containers, but they were not recovered..

1949 May 28 - . 01:50 GMT - . Launch Site: Kapustin Yar. Launch Complex: Kapustin Yar V-2. LV Family: R-1. Launch Vehicle: R-1A. LV Configuration: R-1A 6.

- . Nation: USSR. Agency: Korolev. Apogee: 100 km (60 mi). Test of separable warhead. Range achieved 31.9 km. Vertical launch. Expected range 22 km. Launched at 0450 local time. Carried two 85 kg Physical Measurement of Atmospheric Boundary (FIAR-1) containers, which were recovered but damaged; no science resulted

1949 September 10 - . Launch Site: Kapustin Yar. Launch Complex: Kapustin Yar V-2. LV Family: R-1. Launch Vehicle: R-1. LV Configuration: R-1 II-1.

- . Nation: USSR. Agency: Korolev. Apogee: 100 km (60 mi). Summary: First launch of second series - 10 preproduction and 11 prototype rockets available. A total of 20 were fired; six failures in 16 launches..

1949 September 11 - . Launch Site: Kapustin Yar. Launch Complex: Kapustin Yar V-2. LV Family: R-1. Launch Vehicle: R-1. LV Configuration: R-1 II-2.

Test mission - . Nation: USSR. Agency: Korolev. Apogee: 100 km (60 mi).

1949 September 13 - . Launch Site: Kapustin Yar. Launch Complex: Kapustin Yar V-2. LV Family: R-1. Launch Vehicle: R-1. LV Configuration: R-1 II-11.

Test mission - . Nation: USSR. Agency: Korolev. Apogee: 100 km (60 mi).

1949 September 14 - . Launch Site: Kapustin Yar. Launch Complex: Kapustin Yar V-2. LV Family: R-1. Launch Vehicle: R-1. LV Configuration: R-1 II-4.

Test mission - . Nation: USSR. Agency: Korolev. Apogee: 100 km (60 mi).

1949 September 17 - . Launch Site: Kapustin Yar. Launch Complex: Kapustin Yar V-2. LV Family: R-1. Launch Vehicle: R-1. LV Configuration: R-1 II-8.

Test mission - . Nation: USSR. Agency: Korolev. Apogee: 100 km (60 mi).

1949 September 19 - . Launch Site: Kapustin Yar. Launch Complex: Kapustin Yar V-2. LV Family: R-1. Launch Vehicle: R-1. LV Configuration: R-1 II-5.

Test mission - . Nation: USSR. Agency: Korolev. Apogee: 100 km (60 mi).

1949 September 20 - . Launch Site: Kapustin Yar. Launch Complex: Kapustin Yar V-2. LV Family: R-1. Launch Vehicle: R-1. LV Configuration: R-1 II-9. FAILURE: Failure.

Test mission - . Nation: USSR. Agency: Korolev. Apogee: 100 km (60 mi).

1949 September 23 - . Launch Site: Kapustin Yar. Launch Complex: Kapustin Yar V-2. LV Family: R-1. Launch Vehicle: R-1. LV Configuration: R-1 II-15. FAILURE: Failure.

Test mission - . Nation: USSR. Agency: Korolev. Apogee: 100 km (60 mi).

1949 September 25 - . 11:16 GMT - . Launch Site: Kapustin Yar. Launch Complex: Kapustin Yar V-2. LV Family: R-2. Launch Vehicle: R-2E. LV Configuration: R-2e 1.

- . Nation: USSR. Agency: Korolev. Apogee: 100 km (60 mi). Summary: Modification of R-1 missile to test R-2 concepts (integral fuel tank and seperable warhead). Range achieved 541.3 km. Deviation from aim point -0.2 km. Launched at 1416 local time..

1949 September 28 - . Launch Site: Kapustin Yar. Launch Complex: Kapustin Yar V-2. LV Family: R-1. Launch Vehicle: R-1. LV Configuration: R-1 II-10.

Test mission - . Nation: USSR. Agency: Korolev. Apogee: 100 km (60 mi).

1949 September 30 - . 11:49 GMT - . Launch Site: Kapustin Yar. Launch Complex: Kapustin Yar V-2. LV Family: R-2. Launch Vehicle: R-2E. LV Configuration: R-2e 2.

- . Nation: USSR. Agency: Korolev. Apogee: 100 km (60 mi). Summary: Range achieved 562.2 km. Deviation from aim point -9.3 km. Launched at 1449 local time..

1949 October 2 - . 11:00 GMT - . Launch Site: Kapustin Yar. Launch Complex: Kapustin Yar V-2. LV Family: R-2. Launch Vehicle: R-2E. LV Configuration: R-2e 3. FAILURE: Fire in tail compartment..

- . Nation: USSR. Agency: Korolev. Apogee: 100 km (60 mi). Summary: Range achieved 324.1 km. Deviation from aim point -11.4 km. Launched at 1400 local time..

1949 October 3 - . Launch Site: Kapustin Yar. Launch Complex: Kapustin Yar V-2. LV Family: R-1. Launch Vehicle: R-1. LV Configuration: R-1 II-14.

Test mission - . Nation: USSR. Agency: Korolev. Apogee: 100 km (60 mi).

1949 October 8 - . Launch Site: Kapustin Yar. Launch Complex: Kapustin Yar V-2. LV Family: R-1. Launch Vehicle: R-1. LV Configuration: R-1 II-16.

Test mission - . Nation: USSR. Agency: Korolev. Apogee: 100 km (60 mi).

1949 October 8 - . 06:05 GMT - . Launch Site: Kapustin Yar. Launch Complex: Kapustin Yar V-2. LV Family: R-2. Launch Vehicle: R-2E. LV Configuration: R-2e 4.

- . Nation: USSR. Agency: Korolev. Apogee: 100 km (60 mi). Summary: Range achieved 569.8 km. Deviation from aim point -0.8 km. Launched at 0905 local time..

1949 October 10 - . Launch Site: Kapustin Yar. Launch Complex: Kapustin Yar V-2. LV Family: R-1. Launch Vehicle: R-1. LV Configuration: R-1 II-12.

Test mission - . Nation: USSR. Agency: Korolev. Apogee: 100 km (60 mi).

1949 October 11 - . 12:45 GMT - . Launch Site: Kapustin Yar. Launch Complex: Kapustin Yar V-2. LV Family: R-2. Launch Vehicle: R-2E. LV Configuration: R-2e 5. FAILURE: Fire in tail compartment..

- . Nation: USSR. Agency: Korolev. Apogee: 100 km (60 mi). Summary: Range achieved 9 km. Deviation from aim point 1.7 km. Launched at 1545 local time..

1949 October 12 - . Launch Site: Kapustin Yar. Launch Complex: Kapustin Yar V-2. LV Family: R-1. Launch Vehicle: R-1. LV Configuration: R-1 II-7.

Test mission - . Nation: USSR. Agency: Korolev. Apogee: 100 km (60 mi).

1949 October 13 - . Launch Site: Kapustin Yar. Launch Complex: Kapustin Yar V-2. LV Family: R-1. Launch Vehicle: R-1. LV Configuration: R-1 II-13.

Test mission - . Nation: USSR. Agency: Korolev. Apogee: 100 km (60 mi).

1949 October 13 - . Launch Site: Kapustin Yar. Launch Complex: Kapustin Yar V-2. LV Family: R-1. Launch Vehicle: R-1. LV Configuration: R-1 II-17.

Test mission - . Nation: USSR. Agency: Korolev. Apogee: 100 km (60 mi).

1949 October 15 - . Launch Site: Kapustin Yar. Launch Complex: Kapustin Yar V-2. LV Family: R-1. Launch Vehicle: R-1. LV Configuration: R-1 II-19.

Test mission - . Nation: USSR. Agency: Korolev. Apogee: 100 km (60 mi).

1949 October 18 - . Launch Site: Kapustin Yar. Launch Complex: Kapustin Yar V-2. LV Family: R-1. Launch Vehicle: R-1. LV Configuration: R-1 II-23.

Test mission - . Nation: USSR. Agency: Korolev. Apogee: 100 km (60 mi).

1949 October 19 - . Launch Site: Kapustin Yar. Launch Complex: Kapustin Yar V-2. LV Family: R-1. Launch Vehicle: R-1. LV Configuration: R-1 II-22.

Test mission - . Nation: USSR. Agency: Korolev. Apogee: 100 km (60 mi).

1949 October 22 - . Launch Site: Kapustin Yar. Launch Complex: Kapustin Yar V-2. LV Family: R-1. Launch Vehicle: R-1. LV Configuration: R-1 II-20.

Test mission - . Nation: USSR. Agency: Korolev. Apogee: 100 km (60 mi).

1949 October 23 - . Launch Site: Kapustin Yar. Launch Complex: Kapustin Yar V-2. LV Family: R-1. Launch Vehicle: R-1. LV Configuration: R-1 II-3.

- . Nation: USSR. Agency: Korolev. Apogee: 100 km (60 mi). Summary: Last and 20th launch in second R-1 test series..

1950 October 1 - . Launch Site: Kapustin Yar. Launch Complex: Kapustin Yar V-2. LV Family: R-2. Launch Vehicle: R-2. LV Configuration: R-2 2.

First series test launch - . Nation: USSR. Agency: Korolev. Apogee: 150 km (90 mi).

1950 October 1 - . Launch Site: Kapustin Yar. Launch Complex: Kapustin Yar V-2. LV Family: R-2. Launch Vehicle: R-2. LV Configuration: R-2 3. FAILURE: Failed to reach target.

First series test launch - . Nation: USSR. Agency: Korolev. Apogee: 150 km (90 mi). Summary: First launch to full range..

1950 October 21 - . Launch Site: Kapustin Yar. Launch Complex: Kapustin Yar V-2. LV Family: R-2. Launch Vehicle: R-2. LV Configuration: R-2 1.

First series test launch - . Nation: USSR. Agency: Korolev. Apogee: 150 km (90 mi). Summary: First launch in first test series of protoype missiles..

1950 November 1 - . Launch Site: Kapustin Yar. Launch Complex: Kapustin Yar V-2. LV Family: R-2. Launch Vehicle: R-2. LV Configuration: R-2 5.

First series test launch - . Nation: USSR. Agency: Korolev. Apogee: 150 km (90 mi).

1950 November 1 - . Launch Site: Kapustin Yar. Launch Complex: Kapustin Yar V-2. LV Family: R-2. Launch Vehicle: R-2. LV Configuration: R-2 6.

First series test launch - . Nation: USSR. Agency: Korolev. Apogee: 150 km (90 mi).

1950 November 1 - . Launch Site: Kapustin Yar. Launch Complex: Kapustin Yar V-2. LV Family: R-2. Launch Vehicle: R-2. LV Configuration: R-2 7.

First series test launch - . Nation: USSR. Agency: Korolev. Apogee: 150 km (90 mi).

1950 November 1 - . Launch Site: Kapustin Yar. Launch Complex: Kapustin Yar V-2. LV Family: R-2. Launch Vehicle: R-2. LV Configuration: R-2 8.

First series test launch - . Nation: USSR. Agency: Korolev. Apogee: 150 km (90 mi).

1950 November 1 - . Launch Site: Kapustin Yar. Launch Complex: Kapustin Yar V-2. LV Family: R-2. Launch Vehicle: R-2. LV Configuration: R-2 4.

First series test launch - . Nation: USSR. Agency: Korolev. Apogee: 150 km (90 mi).

1950 December 1 - . Launch Site: Kapustin Yar. Launch Complex: Kapustin Yar V-2. LV Family: R-2. Launch Vehicle: R-2. LV Configuration: R-2 10.

First series test launch - . Nation: USSR. Agency: Korolev. Apogee: 150 km (90 mi).

1950 December 1 - . Launch Site: Kapustin Yar. Launch Complex: Kapustin Yar V-2. LV Family: R-2. Launch Vehicle: R-2. LV Configuration: R-2 11.

First series test launch - . Nation: USSR. Agency: Korolev. Apogee: 150 km (90 mi).

1950 December 1 - . Launch Site: Kapustin Yar. Launch Complex: Kapustin Yar V-2. LV Family: R-2. Launch Vehicle: R-2. LV Configuration: R-2 9.

First series test launch - . Nation: USSR. Agency: Korolev. Apogee: 150 km (90 mi).

1950 December 20 - . Launch Site: Kapustin Yar. Launch Complex: Kapustin Yar V-2. LV Family: R-2. Launch Vehicle: R-2. LV Configuration: R-2 12. FAILURE: Failed to reach target.

First series test launch - . Nation: USSR. Agency: Korolev. Apogee: 150 km (90 mi). Summary: Twelfth and final launch in prototype test series. All missiles failed to reach targets..

1951 January 29 - . Launch Site: Kapustin Yar. Launch Complex: Kapustin Yar V-2. LV Family: R-1. Launch Vehicle: R-1. LV Configuration: R-1 IIIA-1.

- . Nation: USSR. Agency: Korolev. Apogee: 100 km (60 mi). Summary: First launch in winter test series. Carried dogs..

1951 January 30 - . Launch Site: Kapustin Yar. Launch Complex: Kapustin Yar V-2. LV Family: R-1. Launch Vehicle: R-1. LV Configuration: R-1 IIIA-5.

Operational test - . Nation: USSR. Agency: Korolev. Apogee: 100 km (60 mi).

1951 January 31 - . Launch Site: Kapustin Yar. Launch Complex: Kapustin Yar V-2. LV Family: R-1. Launch Vehicle: R-1. LV Configuration: R-1 IIIA-2.

Operational test - . Nation: USSR. Agency: Korolev. Apogee: 100 km (60 mi).

1951 February 1 - . Launch Site: Kapustin Yar. Launch Complex: Kapustin Yar V-2. LV Family: R-1. Launch Vehicle: R-1. LV Configuration: R-1 IIIA-6.

Operational test - . Nation: USSR. Agency: Korolev. Apogee: 100 km (60 mi).

1951 February 2 - . Launch Site: Kapustin Yar. Launch Complex: Kapustin Yar V-2. LV Family: R-1. Launch Vehicle: R-1. LV Configuration: R-1 IIIA-3.

- . Nation: USSR. Agency: Korolev. Apogee: 100 km (60 mi). Summary: Last launch in winter test series..

1951 June 13 - . Launch Site: Kapustin Yar. Launch Complex: Kapustin Yar V-2. LV Family: R-1. Launch Vehicle: R-1. LV Configuration: R-1 IIIB-11.

- . Nation: USSR. Agency: Korolev. Apogee: 100 km (60 mi). Summary: First launch in quality assurance test series of operational missiles..

1951 June 14 - . Launch Site: Kapustin Yar. Launch Complex: Kapustin Yar V-2. LV Family: R-1. Launch Vehicle: R-1. LV Configuration: R-1 IIIB-10.

Operational test - . Nation: USSR. Agency: Korolev. Apogee: 100 km (60 mi).

1951 June 18 - . Launch Site: Kapustin Yar. Launch Complex: Kapustin Yar V-2. LV Family: R-1. Launch Vehicle: R-1. LV Configuration: R-1 IIIB-1.

Operational test - . Nation: USSR. Agency: Korolev. Apogee: 100 km (60 mi).

1951 June 19 - . Launch Site: Kapustin Yar. Launch Complex: Kapustin Yar V-2. LV Family: R-1. Launch Vehicle: R-1. LV Configuration: R-1 IIIB-2.

Operational test - . Nation: USSR. Agency: Korolev. Apogee: 100 km (60 mi).

1951 June 20 - . Launch Site: Kapustin Yar. Launch Complex: Kapustin Yar V-2. LV Family: R-1. Launch Vehicle: R-1. LV Configuration: R-1 IIIB-3.

Operational test - . Nation: USSR. Agency: Korolev. Apogee: 100 km (60 mi).

1951 June 22 - . Launch Site: Kapustin Yar. Launch Complex: Kapustin Yar V-2. LV Family: R-1. Launch Vehicle: R-1. LV Configuration: R-1 IIIB-7.

Operational test - . Nation: USSR. Agency: Korolev. Apogee: 100 km (60 mi).

1951 June 23 - . Launch Site: Kapustin Yar. Launch Complex: Kapustin Yar V-2. LV Family: R-1. Launch Vehicle: R-1. LV Configuration: R-1 IIIB-9.

Operational test - . Nation: USSR. Agency: Korolev. Apogee: 100 km (60 mi).

1951 June 24 - . Launch Site: Kapustin Yar. Launch Complex: Kapustin Yar V-2. LV Family: R-1. Launch Vehicle: R-1. LV Configuration: R-1 IIIB-8.

Operational test - . Nation: USSR. Agency: Korolev. Apogee: 100 km (60 mi).

1951 June 25 - . Launch Site: Kapustin Yar. Launch Complex: Kapustin Yar V-2. LV Family: R-1. Launch Vehicle: R-1. LV Configuration: R-1 IIIB-4.

Operational test - . Nation: USSR. Agency: Korolev. Apogee: 100 km (60 mi).

1951 June 26 - . Launch Site: Kapustin Yar. Launch Complex: Kapustin Yar V-2. LV Family: R-1. Launch Vehicle: R-1. LV Configuration: R-1 IIIB-5.

Operational test - . Nation: USSR. Agency: Korolev. Apogee: 100 km (60 mi).

1951 June 27 - . Launch Site: Kapustin Yar. Launch Complex: Kapustin Yar V-2. LV Family: R-1. Launch Vehicle: R-1. LV Configuration: R-1 IIIB-14.

- . Nation: USSR. Agency: Korolev. Apogee: 100 km (60 mi). Summary: Last launch in quality assurance test series of operational missiles..

1951 July 1 - . Launch Site: Kapustin Yar. Launch Complex: Kapustin Yar V-2. LV Family: R-2. Launch Vehicle: R-2. LV Configuration: R-2 II-7.

Second series test launch - . Nation: USSR. Agency: Korolev. Apogee: 150 km (90 mi).

1951 July 1 - . Launch Site: Kapustin Yar. Launch Complex: Kapustin Yar V-2. LV Family: R-2. Launch Vehicle: R-2. LV Configuration: R-2 II-6.

Second series test launch - . Nation: USSR. Agency: Korolev. Apogee: 150 km (90 mi).

1951 July 1 - . Launch Site: Kapustin Yar. Launch Complex: Kapustin Yar V-2. LV Family: R-2. Launch Vehicle: R-2. LV Configuration: R-2 II-5.

Second series test launch - . Nation: USSR. Agency: Korolev. Apogee: 150 km (90 mi).

1951 July 1 - . Launch Site: Kapustin Yar. Launch Complex: Kapustin Yar V-2. LV Family: R-2. Launch Vehicle: R-2. LV Configuration: R-2 II-2.

Second series test launch - . Nation: USSR. Agency: Korolev. Apogee: 150 km (90 mi).

1951 July 1 - . Launch Site: Kapustin Yar. Launch Complex: Kapustin Yar V-2. LV Family: R-2. Launch Vehicle: R-2. LV Configuration: R-2 II-4.

Second series test launch - . Nation: USSR. Agency: Korolev. Apogee: 150 km (90 mi).

1951 July 1 - . Launch Site: Kapustin Yar. Launch Complex: Kapustin Yar V-2. LV Family: R-2. Launch Vehicle: R-2. LV Configuration: R-2 II-12.

Second series test launch - . Nation: USSR. Agency: Korolev. Apogee: 150 km (90 mi).

1951 July 1 - . Launch Site: Kapustin Yar. Launch Complex: Kapustin Yar V-2. LV Family: R-2. Launch Vehicle: R-2. LV Configuration: R-2 II-10.

Second series test launch - . Nation: USSR. Agency: Korolev. Apogee: 150 km (90 mi).

1951 July 1 - . Launch Site: Kapustin Yar. Launch Complex: Kapustin Yar V-2. LV Family: R-2. Launch Vehicle: R-2. LV Configuration: R-2 II-11.

Second series test launch - . Nation: USSR. Agency: Korolev. Apogee: 150 km (90 mi).

1951 July 1 - . Launch Site: Kapustin Yar. Launch Complex: Kapustin Yar V-2. LV Family: R-2. Launch Vehicle: R-2. LV Configuration: R-2 II-3.

Second series test launch - . Nation: USSR. Agency: Korolev. Apogee: 150 km (90 mi).

1951 July 1 - . Launch Site: Kapustin Yar. Launch Complex: Kapustin Yar V-2. LV Family: R-2. Launch Vehicle: R-2. LV Configuration: R-2 II-9.

Second series test launch - . Nation: USSR. Agency: Korolev. Apogee: 150 km (90 mi).

1951 July 1 - . Launch Site: Kapustin Yar. Launch Complex: Kapustin Yar V-2. LV Family: R-2. Launch Vehicle: R-2. LV Configuration: R-2 II-8.

Second series test launch - . Nation: USSR. Agency: Korolev. Apogee: 150 km (90 mi).

1951 July 2 - . Launch Site: Kapustin Yar. Launch Complex: Kapustin Yar V-2. LV Family: R-2. Launch Vehicle: R-2. LV Configuration: R-2 II-1.

Second series test launch - . Nation: USSR. Agency: Korolev. Apogee: 150 km (90 mi). Summary: First launch in second test series..

1951 July 22 - . Launch Site: Kapustin Yar. Launch Complex: Kapustin Yar V-2. LV Family: R-1. Launch Vehicle: R-1V. LV Configuration: R-1V 1.

Test / biology mission - . Nation: USSR. Agency: Korolev. Apogee: 100 km (60 mi). Summary: First Soviet rocket flight with animals (dogs Dezik and Zhegan). Maximum Altitude - 100 km. Payload, instruments, left and right animal containers all recovered. Smoke container failed..

1951 July 27 - . Launch Site: Kapustin Yar. Launch Complex: Kapustin Yar V-2. LV Family: R-2. Launch Vehicle: R-2. LV Configuration: R-2 II-13.

Second series test launch - . Nation: USSR. Agency: Korolev. Apogee: 150 km (90 mi). Summary: Thirteenth and last launch of the second series. 12 of the 13 reached their targets..

1951 July 29 - . Launch Site: Kapustin Yar. Launch Complex: Kapustin Yar V-2. LV Family: R-1. Launch Vehicle: R-1B. LV Configuration: R-1B 1.

Test / biology mission - . Nation: USSR. Agency: Korolev. Apogee: 100 km (60 mi). Summary: Electrical failure. No payload recovery. Carried dogs..

1951 August 15 - . Launch Site: Kapustin Yar. Launch Complex: Kapustin Yar V-2. LV Family: R-1. Launch Vehicle: R-1B. LV Configuration: R-1B 2.

Test / solar ultraviolet / biology mission - . Nation: USSR. Agency: Korolev. Apogee: 100 km (60 mi). Summary: Payload, instruments, left and right animal containers all recovered. Smoke container failed. Carried dogs..

1951 August 19 - . Launch Site: Kapustin Yar. Launch Complex: Kapustin Yar V-2. LV Family: R-1. Launch Vehicle: R-1V. LV Configuration: R-1V 1.

Test / biology mission - . Nation: USSR. Agency: Korolev. Apogee: 100 km (60 mi). Summary: Payload, instruments, left and right animal containers all recovered. Smoke container functioned. Carried dogs..

1951 August 28 - . Launch Site: Kapustin Yar. Launch Complex: Kapustin Yar V-2. LV Family: R-1. Launch Vehicle: R-1B. LV Configuration: R-1B 3.

Test / biology mission - . Nation: USSR. Agency: Korolev. Apogee: 100 km (60 mi). Summary: Smoke container functioned; Instruments recovered..

1951 September 3 - . Launch Site: Kapustin Yar. Launch Complex: Kapustin Yar V-2. LV Family: R-1. Launch Vehicle: R-1B. LV Configuration: R-1B 4.

Test / biology mission - . Nation: USSR. Agency: Korolev. Apogee: 100 km (60 mi). Summary: Payload, instruments, left and right animal containers all recovered. Smoke container failed. Carried dogs..

1952 August 1 - . Launch Site: Kapustin Yar. Launch Complex: Kapustin Yar V-2. LV Family: R-2. Launch Vehicle: R-2. LV Configuration: R-2 KT-8.

Third series controlled test launch - . Nation: USSR. Agency: Korolev. Apogee: 150 km (90 mi).

1952 August 1 - . Launch Site: Kapustin Yar. Launch Complex: Kapustin Yar V-2. LV Family: R-2. Launch Vehicle: R-2. LV Configuration: R-2 KT-6.

Third series controlled test launch - . Nation: USSR. Agency: Korolev. Apogee: 150 km (90 mi).

1952 August 1 - . Launch Site: Kapustin Yar. Launch Complex: Kapustin Yar V-2. LV Family: R-2. Launch Vehicle: R-2. LV Configuration: R-2 KT-7.

Third series controlled test launch - . Nation: USSR. Agency: Korolev. Apogee: 150 km (90 mi).

1952 August 1 - . Launch Site: Kapustin Yar. Launch Complex: Kapustin Yar V-2. LV Family: R-2. Launch Vehicle: R-2. LV Configuration: R-2 KT-4.

Third series controlled test launch - . Nation: USSR. Agency: Korolev. Apogee: 150 km (90 mi).

1952 August 1 - . Launch Site: Kapustin Yar. Launch Complex: Kapustin Yar V-2. LV Family: R-2. Launch Vehicle: R-2. LV Configuration: R-2 KT-2.

Third series controlled test launch - . Nation: USSR. Agency: Korolev. Apogee: 150 km (90 mi).

1952 August 1 - . Launch Site: Kapustin Yar. Launch Complex: Kapustin Yar V-2. LV Family: R-2. Launch Vehicle: R-2. LV Configuration: R-2 KT-3.

Third series controlled test launch - . Nation: USSR. Agency: Korolev. Apogee: 150 km (90 mi).

1952 August 1 - . Launch Site: Kapustin Yar. Launch Complex: Kapustin Yar V-2. LV Family: R-2. Launch Vehicle: R-2. LV Configuration: R-2 KT-5.

Third series controlled test launch - . Nation: USSR. Agency: Korolev. Apogee: 150 km (90 mi).

1952 August 8 - . Launch Site: Kapustin Yar. Launch Complex: Kapustin Yar V-2. LV Family: R-2. Launch Vehicle: R-2. LV Configuration: R-2 KT-1.

Third series controlled test launch - . Nation: USSR. Agency: Korolev. Apogee: 150 km (90 mi). Summary: First launch of production quality assurance test series..

1952 August 20 - . Launch Site: Kapustin Yar. Launch Complex: Kapustin Yar V-2. LV Family: R-1. Launch Vehicle: R-1 8A11. LV Configuration: R-1 8A11 No 220.

Operational test - . Nation: USSR. Agency: Korolev. Apogee: 100 km (60 mi).

1952 August 21 - . Launch Site: Kapustin Yar. Launch Complex: Kapustin Yar V-2. LV Family: R-1. Launch Vehicle: R-1 8A11. LV Configuration: R-1 8A11 No 105.

Operational test - . Nation: USSR. Agency: Korolev. Apogee: 100 km (60 mi).

1952 August 25 - . Launch Site: Kapustin Yar. Launch Complex: Kapustin Yar V-2. LV Family: R-1. Launch Vehicle: R-1 8A11. LV Configuration: R-1 8A11 No 320.

Operational test - . Nation: USSR. Agency: Korolev. Apogee: 100 km (60 mi).

1952 September 1 - . Launch Site: Kapustin Yar. Launch Complex: Kapustin Yar V-2. LV Family: R-2. Launch Vehicle: R-2. LV Configuration: R-2 KT-13.

Third series controlled test launch - . Nation: USSR. Agency: Korolev. Apogee: 150 km (90 mi).

1952 September 1 - . Launch Site: Kapustin Yar. Launch Complex: Kapustin Yar V-2. LV Family: R-2. Launch Vehicle: R-2. LV Configuration: R-2 KT-11.

Third series controlled test launch - . Nation: USSR. Agency: Korolev. Apogee: 150 km (90 mi).

1952 September 1 - . Launch Site: Kapustin Yar. Launch Complex: Kapustin Yar V-2. LV Family: R-2. Launch Vehicle: R-2. LV Configuration: R-2 KT-10.

Third series controlled test launch - . Nation: USSR. Agency: Korolev. Apogee: 150 km (90 mi).

1952 September 1 - . Launch Site: Kapustin Yar. Launch Complex: Kapustin Yar V-2. LV Family: R-2. Launch Vehicle: R-2. LV Configuration: R-2 KT-9.

Third series controlled test launch - . Nation: USSR. Agency: Korolev. Apogee: 150 km (90 mi).

1952 September 1 - . Launch Site: Kapustin Yar. Launch Complex: Kapustin Yar V-2. LV Family: R-2. Launch Vehicle: R-2. LV Configuration: R-2 KT-12.

Third series controlled test launch - . Nation: USSR. Agency: Korolev. Apogee: 150 km (90 mi).

1952 September 18 - . Launch Site: Kapustin Yar. Launch Complex: Kapustin Yar V-2. LV Family: R-2. Launch Vehicle: R-2. LV Configuration: R-2 KT-14.

Third series controlled test launch - . Nation: USSR. Agency: Korolev. Apogee: 150 km (90 mi). Summary: 14th and last launch in quality assurance testing. 12 of the 14 reached their targets..

1952 October 15 - . Launch Site: Kapustin Yar. Launch Vehicle: R-2R. LV Configuration: R-2R RUD 1.

- . Nation: USSR. Apogee: 150 km (90 mi).

1952 October 18 - . Launch Site: Kapustin Yar. Launch Vehicle: R-2R. LV Configuration: R-2R RUD 2.

- . Nation: USSR. Apogee: 150 km (90 mi).

1952 October 19 - . Launch Site: Kapustin Yar. Launch Vehicle: R-2R. LV Configuration: R-2R RUD 3.

- . Nation: USSR. Apogee: 150 km (90 mi).

1952 October 23 - . Launch Site: Kapustin Yar. Launch Vehicle: R-2R. LV Configuration: R-2R RUD 4.

- . Nation: USSR. Apogee: 150 km (90 mi).

1952 October 27 - . Launch Site: Kapustin Yar. Launch Vehicle: R-2R. LV Configuration: R-2R RUD 5.

- . Nation: USSR. Apogee: 150 km (90 mi).

1952 October 29 - . Launch Site: Kapustin Yar. Launch Complex: Kapustin Yar V-2. LV Family: R-1. Launch Vehicle: R-1 8A11. LV Configuration: R-1 8A11 No 420.

Operational test - . Nation: USSR. Agency: Korolev. Apogee: 100 km (60 mi).

1952 October 30 - . Launch Site: Kapustin Yar. Launch Complex: Kapustin Yar V-2. LV Family: R-1. Launch Vehicle: R-1 8A11. LV Configuration: R-1 8A11 No 520.

Operational test - . Nation: USSR. Agency: Korolev. Apogee: 100 km (60 mi).

1952 October 30 - . Launch Site: Kapustin Yar. Launch Complex: Kapustin Yar V-2. LV Family: R-1. Launch Vehicle: R-1 8A11. LV Configuration: R-1 8A11 No 501.

Operational test - . Nation: USSR. Agency: Korolev. Apogee: 100 km (60 mi).

1952 November 21 - . Launch Site: Kapustin Yar. Launch Complex: Kapustin Yar V-2. LV Family: R-1. Launch Vehicle: R-1 8A11. LV Configuration: R-1 8A11 No 620.

Operational test - . Nation: USSR. Agency: Korolev. Apogee: 100 km (60 mi).

1953 March 1 - . Launch Site: Kapustin Yar. Launch Complex: Kapustin Yar V-2. LV Family: R-1. Launch Vehicle: R-1 8A11. LV Configuration: R-1 8A11 No 1020.

Operational test - . Nation: USSR. Agency: Korolev. Apogee: 100 km (60 mi).

1953 March 5 - . Launch Site: Kapustin Yar. Launch Complex: Kapustin Yar V-2. LV Family: R-1. Launch Vehicle: R-1 8A11. LV Configuration: R-1 8A11 No 319.

Operational test - . Nation: USSR. Agency: Korolev. Apogee: 100 km (60 mi).

1953 March 15 - . Launch Site: Kapustin Yar. Launch Complex: Kapustin Yar V-2. LV Family: R-5. Launch Vehicle: R-5. FAILURE: Failure.

Phase I state trials launch - . Nation: USSR. Agency: Korolev. Apogee: 0 km ( mi). Unsuccessful. First Phase I trials launch of the 8 remaining rockets of the first production lot were fired, of which 6 reached the target area. The first launch was on 15 March 1953. The first successful flight was on 2 April 1953. The first full range flight came on 19 April 1953.

1953 March 18 - . Launch Site: Kapustin Yar. Launch Complex: Kapustin Yar V-2. LV Family: R-5. Launch Vehicle: R-5. FAILURE: Failure.

Phase I state trials launch - . Nation: USSR. Agency: Korolev. Apogee: 0 km ( mi).

1953 March 19 - . Launch Site: Kapustin Yar. Launch Complex: Kapustin Yar V-2. LV Family: R-1. Launch Vehicle: R-1 8A11. LV Configuration: R-1 8A11 No 820.

Operational test - . Nation: USSR. Agency: Korolev. Apogee: 100 km (60 mi).

1953 April 1 - . Launch Site: Kapustin Yar. Launch Complex: Kapustin Yar V-2. LV Family: R-5. Launch Vehicle: R-5.

Phase I state trials launch - . Nation: USSR. Agency: Korolev. Apogee: 300 km (180 mi). Summary: Of the 8 rockets of the first production lot fired, 6 reached the target area..

1953 April 2 - . Launch Site: Kapustin Yar. Launch Complex: Kapustin Yar V-2. LV Family: R-5. Launch Vehicle: R-5.

Phase I state trials launch - . Nation: USSR. Agency: Korolev. Apogee: 300 km (180 mi).

1953 April 8 - . Launch Site: Kapustin Yar. Launch Complex: Kapustin Yar V-2. LV Family: R-5. Launch Vehicle: R-5. FAILURE: Failure.

Phase I state trials launch - . Nation: USSR. Agency: Korolev. Apogee: 0 km ( mi).

1953 April 18 - . Launch Site: Kapustin Yar. LV Family: R-11. Launch Vehicle: R-11.

- . Nation: USSR. Agency: Korolev. Apogee: 150 km (90 mi). Massive problems were encountered in the difficult test series - with poor-quality kerosene fuel, handling and leakage of the propellants, and reliable start of the engine. But the Red Army saw much more promise in the design than in Korolev's cumbersome liquid oxygen rockets.

1953 May 1 - . Launch Site: Kapustin Yar. Launch Complex: Kapustin Yar V-2. LV Family: R-5. Launch Vehicle: R-5.

Phase I state trials launch - . Nation: USSR. Agency: Korolev. Apogee: 300 km (180 mi). Summary: Range achieved 270 km. First test launch of R-5..

1953 May 1 - . Launch Site: Kapustin Yar. LV Family: R-11. Launch Vehicle: R-11.

Test mission - . Nation: USSR. Agency: Korolev. Apogee: 150 km (90 mi).

1953 May 1 - . Launch Site: Kapustin Yar. Launch Complex: Kapustin Yar V-2. LV Family: R-5. Launch Vehicle: R-5.

Phase I state trials launch - . Nation: USSR. Agency: Korolev. Apogee: 300 km (180 mi).

1953 May 9 - . Launch Site: Kapustin Yar. Launch Vehicle: R-11.

- . Nation: USSR. Apogee: 150 km (90 mi).

1953 May 11 - . Launch Site: Kapustin Yar. Launch Complex: Kapustin Yar V-2. LV Family: R-1. Launch Vehicle: R-1 8A11. LV Configuration: R-1 8A11 No 220.

Operational test - . Nation: USSR. Agency: Korolev. Apogee: 100 km (60 mi).

1953 May 17 - . Launch Site: Kapustin Yar. Launch Vehicle: R-11.

- . Nation: USSR. Apogee: 150 km (90 mi).

1953 May 22 - . Launch Site: Kapustin Yar. Launch Vehicle: R-11.

- . Nation: USSR. Apogee: 150 km (90 mi).

1953 May 23 - . Launch Site: Kapustin Yar. Launch Complex: Kapustin Yar V-2. LV Family: R-5. Launch Vehicle: R-5.

Phase I state trials launch - . Nation: USSR. Agency: Korolev. Apogee: 300 km (180 mi). Summary: Completion of first series of 8 R-5 flight tests. 2 achieved 270 km range, 5, 1200 km range, and one, 550 km range..

1953 May 26 - . Launch Site: Kapustin Yar. Launch Vehicle: R-11.

- . Nation: USSR. Apogee: 150 km (90 mi).

1953 May 27 - . Launch Site: Kapustin Yar. Launch Vehicle: R-11.

- . Nation: USSR. Apogee: 150 km (90 mi).

1953 May 28 - . Launch Site: Kapustin Yar. Launch Vehicle: R-11.

- . Nation: USSR. Apogee: 150 km (90 mi).

1953 May 30 - . Launch Site: Kapustin Yar. Launch Vehicle: R-11.

- . Nation: USSR. Apogee: 150 km (90 mi).

1953 June 3 - . Launch Site: Kapustin Yar. LV Family: R-11. Launch Vehicle: R-11.

Test mission - . Nation: USSR. Agency: Korolev. Apogee: 150 km (90 mi).

1953 July 6 - . Launch Site: Kapustin Yar. Launch Complex: Kapustin Yar V-2. LV Family: R-1. Launch Vehicle: R-1 8A11. LV Configuration: R-1 8A11 No 420.

Operational test - . Nation: USSR. Agency: Korolev. Apogee: 100 km (60 mi).

1953 October 1 - . Launch Site: Kapustin Yar. Launch Complex: Kapustin Yar V-2. LV Family: R-1. Launch Vehicle: R-1.

Operational test - . Nation: USSR. Agency: Korolev. Apogee: 100 km (60 mi).

1953 October 1 - . Launch Site: Kapustin Yar. Launch Complex: Kapustin Yar V-2. LV Family: R-1. Launch Vehicle: R-1.

Operational test - . Nation: USSR. Agency: Korolev. Apogee: 100 km (60 mi).

1953 October 1 - . Launch Site: Kapustin Yar. Launch Complex: Kapustin Yar V-2. LV Family: R-1. Launch Vehicle: R-1.

Operational test - . Nation: USSR. Agency: Korolev. Apogee: 100 km (60 mi).

1953 October 1 - . Launch Site: Kapustin Yar. Launch Complex: Kapustin Yar V-2. LV Family: R-1. Launch Vehicle: R-1.

Operational test - . Nation: USSR. Agency: Korolev. Apogee: 100 km (60 mi).

1953 October 10 - . Launch Site: Kapustin Yar. Launch Complex: Kapustin Yar V-2. LV Family: R-1. Launch Vehicle: R-1.

Operational test - . Nation: USSR. Agency: Korolev. Apogee: 100 km (60 mi).

1953 October 16 - . Launch Site: Kapustin Yar. Launch Complex: Kapustin Yar V-2. LV Family: R-1. Launch Vehicle: R-1 8A11. LV Configuration: R-1 8A11 No 820.

Operational test - . Nation: USSR. Agency: Korolev. Apogee: 100 km (60 mi).

1953 October 17 - . Launch Site: Kapustin Yar. Launch Complex: Kapustin Yar V-2. LV Family: R-1. Launch Vehicle: R-1 8A11. LV Configuration: R-1 8A11 No 520.

Operational test - . Nation: USSR. Agency: Korolev. Apogee: 100 km (60 mi).

1953 October 19 - . Launch Site: Kapustin Yar. Launch Complex: Kapustin Yar V-2. LV Family: R-1. Launch Vehicle: R-1 8A11. LV Configuration: R-1 8A11 No 320.

Operational test - . Nation: USSR. Agency: Korolev. Apogee: 100 km (60 mi).

1953 October 20 - . Launch Site: Kapustin Yar. Launch Complex: Kapustin Yar V-2. LV Family: R-1. Launch Vehicle: R-1 8A11. LV Configuration: R-1 8A11 No 620.

Operational test - . Nation: USSR. Agency: Korolev. Apogee: 100 km (60 mi).

1953 October 24 - . Launch Site: Kapustin Yar. Launch Vehicle: R-2. LV Configuration: R-2 53090220.

NII-88 Production - . Nation: USSR. Apogee: 100 km (60 mi).

1953 October 26 - . Launch Site: Kapustin Yar. Launch Complex: Kapustin Yar V-2. LV Family: R-1. Launch Vehicle: R-1 8A11. LV Configuration: R-1 8A11 No 720.

Operational test - . Nation: USSR. Agency: Korolev. Apogee: 100 km (60 mi).

1953 October 27 - . Launch Site: Kapustin Yar. Launch Complex: Kapustin Yar V-2. LV Family: R-1. Launch Vehicle: R-1 8A11. LV Configuration: R-1 8A11 No 1020.

Operational test - . Nation: USSR. Agency: Korolev. Apogee: 100 km (60 mi).

1953 October 28 - . Launch Site: Kapustin Yar. Launch Complex: Kapustin Yar V-2. LV Family: R-1. Launch Vehicle: R-1 8A11. LV Configuration: R-1 8A11 No 1220.

Operational test - . Nation: USSR. Agency: Korolev. Apogee: 100 km (60 mi).

1953 October 28 - . Launch Site: Kapustin Yar. Launch Complex: Kapustin Yar V-2. LV Family: R-1. Launch Vehicle: R-1 8A11. LV Configuration: R-1 8A11 No 920.

Operational test - . Nation: USSR. Agency: Korolev. Apogee: 100 km (60 mi).

1953 October 30 - . Launch Site: Kapustin Yar. Launch Complex: Kapustin Yar V-2. LV Family: R-5. Launch Vehicle: R-5.

State trials Phase 2 launch - . Nation: USSR. Agency: Korolev. Apogee: 300 km (180 mi). Summary: Through December 1953 there were 7 Phase II launches, one of which was unsuccessful. A maximum range of 1185 km was reached..

1953 November 1 - . Launch Site: Kapustin Yar. Launch Complex: Kapustin Yar V-2. LV Family: R-5. Launch Vehicle: R-5.

Phase 2 state trials launch - . Nation: USSR. Agency: Korolev. Apogee: 300 km (180 mi).

1953 November 1 - . Launch Site: Kapustin Yar. Launch Complex: Kapustin Yar V-2. LV Family: R-5. Launch Vehicle: R-5.

Phase 2 state trials launch - . Nation: USSR. Agency: Korolev. Apogee: 300 km (180 mi).

1953 November 1 - . Launch Site: Kapustin Yar. Launch Complex: Kapustin Yar V-2. LV Family: R-5. Launch Vehicle: R-5.

Phase 2 state trials launch - . Nation: USSR. Agency: Korolev. Apogee: 300 km (180 mi).

1953 November 1 - . Launch Site: Kapustin Yar. Launch Complex: Kapustin Yar V-2. LV Family: R-5. Launch Vehicle: R-5.

Phase 2 state trials launch - . Nation: USSR. Agency: Korolev. Apogee: 300 km (180 mi).

1953 November 1 - . Launch Site: Kapustin Yar. Launch Complex: Kapustin Yar V-2. LV Family: R-1. Launch Vehicle: R-1.

Operational test - . Nation: USSR. Agency: Korolev. Apogee: 100 km (60 mi).

1953 November 1 - . Launch Site: Kapustin Yar. Launch Complex: Kapustin Yar V-2. LV Family: R-1. Launch Vehicle: R-1.

Operational test - . Nation: USSR. Agency: Korolev. Apogee: 100 km (60 mi).

1953 November 1 - . Launch Site: Kapustin Yar. Launch Complex: Kapustin Yar V-2. LV Family: R-1. Launch Vehicle: R-1.

Operational test - . Nation: USSR. Agency: Korolev. Apogee: 100 km (60 mi).

1953 November 1 - . Launch Site: Kapustin Yar. Launch Complex: Kapustin Yar V-2. LV Family: R-1. Launch Vehicle: R-1.

Operational test - . Nation: USSR. Agency: Korolev. Apogee: 100 km (60 mi).

1953 November 12 - . Launch Site: Kapustin Yar. Launch Complex: Kapustin Yar V-2. LV Family: R-1. Launch Vehicle: R-1 8A11. LV Configuration: R-1 8A11 No 1120.

Operational test - . Nation: USSR. Agency: Korolev. Apogee: 100 km (60 mi).

1953 November 15 - . Launch Site: Kapustin Yar. Launch Complex: Kapustin Yar V-2. LV Family: R-1. Launch Vehicle: R-1.

Operational test - . Nation: USSR. Agency: Korolev. Apogee: 100 km (60 mi).

1953 November 15 - . Launch Site: Kapustin Yar. Launch Complex: Kapustin Yar V-2. LV Family: R-1. Launch Vehicle: R-1 8A11. LV Configuration: R-1 8A11 No 1320.

Operational test - . Nation: USSR. Agency: Korolev. Apogee: 100 km (60 mi).

1953 November 24 - . Launch Site: Kapustin Yar. Launch Complex: Kapustin Yar V-2. LV Family: R-1. Launch Vehicle: R-1 8A11. LV Configuration: R-1 8A11 No 1520.

Operational test - . Nation: USSR. Agency: Korolev. Apogee: 100 km (60 mi).

1953 December 1 - . Launch Site: Kapustin Yar. Launch Complex: Kapustin Yar V-2. LV Family: R-5. Launch Vehicle: R-5.

Phase 2 state trials launch - . Nation: USSR. Agency: Korolev. Apogee: 300 km (180 mi).

1953 December 9 - . Launch Site: Kapustin Yar. Launch Complex: Kapustin Yar V-2. LV Family: R-5. Launch Vehicle: R-5.

Phase 2 state trials launch - . Nation: USSR. Agency: Korolev. Apogee: 300 km (180 mi).

1954 March 11 - . Launch Site: Kapustin Yar. Launch Complex: Kapustin Yar V-2. LV Family: R-1. Launch Vehicle: R-1 8A11. LV Configuration: R-1 8A11 No 1820.

Operational test - . Nation: USSR. Agency: Korolev. Apogee: 100 km (60 mi).

1954 March 16 - . Launch Site: Kapustin Yar. Launch Complex: Kapustin Yar V-2. LV Family: R-1. Launch Vehicle: R-1 8A11. LV Configuration: R-1 8A11 No 1916.

Operational test - . Nation: USSR. Agency: Korolev. Apogee: 100 km (60 mi).

1954 March 16 - . Launch Site: Kapustin Yar. Launch Complex: Kapustin Yar V-2. LV Family: R-1. Launch Vehicle: R-1 8A11. LV Configuration: R-1 8A11 No 1920.

Operational test - . Nation: USSR. Agency: Korolev. Apogee: 100 km (60 mi).

1954 March 20 - . Launch Site: Kapustin Yar. Launch Complex: Kapustin Yar V-2. LV Family: R-1. Launch Vehicle: R-1 8A11. LV Configuration: R-1 8A11 No 1918.

Operational test - . Nation: USSR. Agency: Korolev. Apogee: 100 km (60 mi).

1954 April 20 - . Launch Site: Kapustin Yar. LV Family: R-11. Launch Vehicle: R-11.

Test mission - . Nation: USSR. Agency: Korolev. Apogee: 150 km (90 mi).

1954 April 23 - . Launch Site: Kapustin Yar. Launch Complex: Kapustin Yar V-2. LV Family: R-1. Launch Vehicle: R-1 8A11. LV Configuration: R-1 8A11 No 1720.

Operational test - . Nation: USSR. Agency: Korolev. Apogee: 100 km (60 mi).

1954 April 24 - . Launch Site: Kapustin Yar. Launch Vehicle: R-11.

- . Nation: USSR. Apogee: 150 km (90 mi).

1954 April 24 - . Launch Site: Kapustin Yar. Launch Complex: Kapustin Yar V-2. LV Family: R-1. Launch Vehicle: R-1 8A11. LV Configuration: R-1 8A11 No 1910.

Operational test - . Nation: USSR. Agency: Korolev. Apogee: 100 km (60 mi).

1954 April 26 - . Launch Site: Kapustin Yar. Launch Complex: Kapustin Yar V-2. LV Family: R-1. Launch Vehicle: R-1 8A11. LV Configuration: R-1 8A11 No 1912.

Operational test - . Nation: USSR. Agency: Korolev. Apogee: 100 km (60 mi).

1954 April 27 - . Launch Site: Kapustin Yar. Launch Vehicle: R-11.

- . Nation: USSR. Apogee: 150 km (90 mi).

1954 April 29 - . Launch Site: Kapustin Yar. Launch Complex: Kapustin Yar V-2. LV Family: R-1. Launch Vehicle: R-1 8A11. LV Configuration: R-1 8A11 No 2120.

Operational test - . Nation: USSR. Agency: Korolev. Apogee: 100 km (60 mi).