The complex followed the design of the protoype facility built at Area 31 of Baikonur and included its own residential area for military personnel and assembly buildings for launchers and payloads. The launchers were assembled and integrated with their payload in a horizontal position and transported to the launch pad by the railway. As operational ICBM facilities, the complex consisted of: Launch pad 2; Assembly Hall 4; and Residential Area 16.

1981 February 19 - 10:00 GMT - Launch Vehicle: Soyuz. Cosmos 1247 Mass: 1,250 kg (2,750 lb). Spacecraft: Oko. Agency: MOM. Perigee: 4,493 km (2,791 mi). Apogee: 35,529 km (22,076 mi). Inclination: 67.20 deg. Period: 711.10 min. Covered Oko constellation plane 5 - 77 degree longitude of ascending node. First space launch from LC16/2, which had been cannabalised in the 1960's to reconstruct LC31 at Baikonur after the on-pad explosion of the second Soyuz in December 1966.

1981 August 4 - 00:13 GMT - Launch Vehicle: Soyuz. Cosmos 1285 Mass: 1,250 kg (2,750 lb). Spacecraft: Oko. Agency: MOM. Perigee: 4,721 km (2,933 mi). Apogee: 36,086 km (22,422 mi). Inclination: 67.20 deg. Period: 727.00 min. Replaced Cosmos 1261. Covered Oko constellation plane 6 - 116 degree longitude of ascending node.

1981 October 31 - 22:54 GMT - Launch Vehicle: Soyuz. Cosmos 1317 Mass: 1,250 kg (2,750 lb). Spacecraft: Oko. Agency: MOM. Perigee: 5,425 km (3,370 mi). Apogee: 34,987 km (21,739 mi). Inclination: 68.30 deg. Period: 719.00 min. Covered Oko constellation plane 8 - 196 degree longitude of ascending node.

1982 March 3 - 05:44 GMT - Launch Vehicle: Soyuz. Cosmos 1341 Mass: 1,250 kg (2,750 lb). Spacecraft: Oko. Agency: MOM. Perigee: 4,229 km (2,627 mi). Apogee: 36,092 km (22,426 mi). Inclination: 67.50 deg. Period: 717.10 min. Replaced Cosmos 1247. Covered Oko constellation plane 5 - 79 degree longitude of ascending node.

1982 April 7 - 13:42 GMT - Launch Vehicle: Soyuz. Cosmos 1348 Mass: 1,250 kg (2,750 lb). Spacecraft: Oko. Agency: MOM. Perigee: 5,269 km (3,273 mi). Apogee: 35,126 km (21,826 mi). Inclination: 68.40 deg. Period: 718.60 min. Replaced Cosmos 1172. Covered Oko constellation plane 9 - 236 degree longitude of ascending node.

1982 September 22 - 06:23 GMT - Launch Vehicle: Soyuz. Cosmos 1409 Mass: 1,250 kg (2,750 lb). Spacecraft: Oko. Agency: MOM. Perigee: 3,715 km (2,308 mi). Apogee: 36,670 km (22,780 mi). Inclination: 66.70 deg. Period: 718.40 min. Replaced Cosmos 1217. Covered Oko constellation plane 2 - 317 degree longitude of ascending node.

1983 April 25 - 19:34 GMT - Launch Vehicle: Soyuz. Molniya 8K78M-2BL Cosmos 1456 Mass: 1,250 kg (2,750 lb). Spacecraft: Oko. Agency: MOM. Perigee: 1,871 km (1,162 mi). Apogee: 38,464 km (23,900 mi). Inclination: 66.60 deg. Period: 717.40 min. Replaced Cosmos 1191. Covered Oko constellation plane 4 - 37 degree longitude of ascending node.

1983 September 7 - 13:24 GMT - Launch Vehicle: Soyuz. Cosmos 1496 Mass: 6,600 kg (14,500 lb). Spacecraft: Yantar-4K1. Agency: MOM. Perigee: 167 km (103 mi). Apogee: 338 km (210 mi). Inclination: 67.20 deg. Period: 89.60 min. High resolution photo reconnaissance; returned film in two small SpK capsules during the mission and with the main capsule at completion of the mission.

1983 December 28 - 03:48 GMT - Launch Vehicle: Soyuz. Molniya 8K78M-2BL Cosmos 1518 Mass: 1,250 kg (2,750 lb). Spacecraft: Oko. Agency: MOM. Perigee: 2,019 km (1,254 mi). Apogee: 38,145 km (23,702 mi). Inclination: 66.90 deg. Period: 713.90 min. Replaced Cosmos 1341. Covered Oko constellation plane 5 - 72 degree longitude of ascending node.

1984 March 6 - 17:10 GMT - Launch Vehicle: Soyuz. Molniya 8K78M-2BL Cosmos 1541 Mass: 1,250 kg (2,750 lb). Spacecraft: Oko. Agency: MOM. Perigee: 5,297 km (3,291 mi). Apogee: 35,015 km (21,757 mi). Inclination: 68.00 deg. Period: 716.90 min. Replaced Cosmos 1278. Covered Oko constellation plane 3 - 355 degree longitude of ascending node.

1984 April 4 - 01:40 GMT - Launch Vehicle: Soyuz. Molniya 8K78M-2BL Cosmos 1547 Mass: 1,250 kg (2,750 lb). Spacecraft: Oko. Agency: MOM. Perigee: 3,819 km (2,373 mi). Apogee: 36,507 km (22,684 mi). Inclination: 67.50 deg. Period: 717.20 min. Replaced Cosmos 1382. Covered Oko constellation plane 7 - 154 degree longitude of ascending node.

1984 June 6 - 15:34 GMT - Launch Vehicle: Soyuz. Molniya 8K78M-2BL Cosmos 1569 Mass: 1,250 kg (2,750 lb). Spacecraft: Oko. Agency: MOM. Perigee: 2,729 km (1,695 mi). Apogee: 37,578 km (23,349 mi). Inclination: 66.10 deg. Period: 716.80 min. Replaced Cosmos 1518. Covered Oko constellation plane 5 - 74 degree longitude of ascending node.

1984 August 2 - 08:38 GMT - Launch Vehicle: Soyuz. Molniya 8K78M-2BL Cosmos 1586 Mass: 1,250 kg (2,750 lb). Spacecraft: Oko. Agency: MOM. Perigee: 3,607 km (2,241 mi). Apogee: 36,751 km (22,835 mi). Inclination: 66.40 deg. Period: 717.90 min. Replaced Cosmos 1456. Covered Oko constellation plane 4 - 35 degree longitude of ascending node.

1984 September 7 - 19:13 GMT - Launch Vehicle: Soyuz. Molniya 8K78M-2BL Cosmos 1596 Mass: 1,800 kg (3,900 lb). Spacecraft: Oko. Agency: MOM. Perigee: 4,503 km (2,798 mi). Apogee: 35,908 km (22,312 mi). Inclination: 67.80 deg. Period: 718.90 min. Replaced Cosmos 1348. Covered Oko constellation plane 9 - 238 degree longitude of ascending node.

1984 October 4 - 19:49 GMT - Launch Vehicle: Soyuz. Molniya 8K78M-2BL Cosmos 1604 Mass: 1,800 kg (3,900 lb). Spacecraft: Oko. Agency: MOM. Perigee: 4,359 km (2,708 mi). Apogee: 36,050 km (22,400 mi). Inclination: 67.90 deg. Period: 718.90 min. Replaced Cosmos 1367. Covered Oko constellation plane 1 - 274 degree longitude of ascending node.

1985 June 18 - 00:40 GMT - Launch Vehicle: Soyuz. Molniya 8K78M-2BL Cosmos 1661 Mass: 1,250 kg (2,750 lb). Spacecraft: Oko. Agency: MOM. Perigee: 4,148 km (2,577 mi). Apogee: 36,253 km (22,526 mi). Inclination: 67.40 deg. Period: 718.70 min. Covered Oko constellation plane 1 - 275 degree longitude of ascending node.

1985 August 12 - 15:09 GMT - Launch Vehicle: Soyuz. Molniya 8K78M-2BL Cosmos 1675 Mass: 1,250 kg (2,750 lb). Spacecraft: Oko. Agency: MOM. Perigee: 3,363 km (2,089 mi). Apogee: 36,967 km (22,970 mi). Inclination: 67.40 deg. Period: 717.30 min. Replaced Cosmos 1581. Covered Oko constellation plane 8 - 195 degree longitude of ascending node.

1985 September 30 - 19:23 GMT - Launch Vehicle: Soyuz. Molniya 8K78M-2BL Cosmos 1687 Mass: 1,250 kg (2,750 lb). Spacecraft: Oko. Agency: MOM. Perigee: 4,160 km (2,580 mi). Apogee: 36,187 km (22,485 mi). Inclination: 67.70 deg. Period: 717.70 min. Replaced Cosmos 1401. Covered Oko constellation plane 2 - 314 degree longitude of ascending node.

1986 February 1 - 18:11 GMT - Launch Vehicle: Soyuz. Molniya 8K78M-2BL Cosmos 1729 Mass: 1,250 kg (2,750 lb). Spacecraft: Oko. Agency: MOM. Perigee: 7,251 km (4,505 mi). Apogee: 33,130 km (20,580 mi). Inclination: 68.00 deg. Period: 718.30 min. Replaced Cosmos 1569. Covered Oko constellation plane 5 - 75 degree longitude of ascending node.

1986 July 10 - 08:00 GMT - Launch Vehicle: Soyuz. Cosmos 1762 Mass: 6,300 kg (13,800 lb). Spacecraft: Resurs F1-14F40. Agency: MOM. Perigee: 177 km (109 mi). Apogee: 263 km (163 mi). Inclination: 82.50 deg. Period: 88.90 min. Investigation of the natural resources of the earth in the interests of various branches of the national economy of the USSR and international cooperation.

1986 August 2 - 09:20 GMT - Launch Vehicle: Soyuz. Cosmos 1768 Mass: 6,300 kg (13,800 lb). Spacecraft: Resurs F1-14F40. Agency: MOM. Perigee: 180 km (110 mi). Apogee: 273 km (169 mi). Inclination: 82.60 deg. Period: 89.00 min. Investigation of the natural resources of the earth in the interests of various branches of the national economy of the USSR and international cooperation.

1986 August 28 - 08:02 GMT - Launch Vehicle: Soyuz. Molniya 8K78M-2BL Cosmos 1774 Mass: 1,800 kg (3,900 lb). Spacecraft: Oko. Agency: MOM. Perigee: 3,405 km (2,115 mi). Apogee: 36,998 km (22,989 mi). Inclination: 65.00 deg. Period: 718.80 min. Replaced Cosmos 1547. Covered Oko constellation plane 7 - 156 degree longitude of ascending node.

1986 October 31 - 08:00 GMT - Launch Vehicle: Soyuz. Cosmos 1789 Mass: 6,300 kg (13,800 lb). Spacecraft: Resurs F1-14F40. Agency: MOM. Perigee: 178 km (110 mi). Apogee: 272 km (169 mi). Inclination: 82.60 deg. Period: 89.00 min. Investigation of the natural resources of the earth in the interests of various branches of the national economy of the USSR and international cooperation.

1986 November 20 - 12:09 GMT - Launch Vehicle: Soyuz. Molniya 8K78M-2BL Cosmos 1793 Mass: 1,800 kg (3,900 lb). Spacecraft: Oko. Agency: MOM. Perigee: 3,455 km (2,146 mi). Apogee: 36,922 km (22,942 mi). Inclination: 67.20 deg. Period: 718.20 min. Replaced Cosmos 1687. Covered Oko constellation plane 2 - 313 degree longitude of ascending node.

1987 June 4 - 18:50 GMT - Launch Vehicle: Soyuz. Molniya 8K78M-2BL Cosmos 1849 Mass: 1,800 kg (3,900 lb). Spacecraft: Oko. Agency: MOM. Perigee: 3,104 km (1,928 mi). Apogee: 37,311 km (23,183 mi). Inclination: 67.10 deg. Period: 719.00 min. Covered Oko constellation plane 1 - 274 degree longitude of ascending node.

1987 December 26 - 11:30 GMT - Launch Vehicle: Soyuz. Cosmos 1906 Mass: 6,300 kg (13,800 lb). Spacecraft: Resurs F2. Agency: MOM. Perigee: 253 km (157 mi). Apogee: 273 km (169 mi). Inclination: 82.60 deg. Period: 89.80 min. Also performed earth resources tasks. Investigation of the natural resources of the earth in the interests of various branches of the national economy of the USSR and international cooperation.

1988 February 18 - 09:50 GMT - Launch Vehicle: Soyuz. Cosmos 1920 Mass: 6,300 kg (13,800 lb). Spacecraft: Resurs F1-14F40. Agency: MOM. Perigee: 185 km (114 mi). Apogee: 232 km (144 mi). Inclination: 82.60 deg. Period: 88.70 min. Investigation of the natural resources of the earth in the interests of various branches of the national economy of the USSR and international cooperation.

1988 July 7 - 08:05 GMT - Launch Vehicle: Soyuz. Cosmos 1957 Mass: 6,300 kg (13,800 lb). Spacecraft: Resurs F1-14F43. Agency: MOM. Perigee: 179 km (111 mi). Apogee: 225 km (139 mi). Inclination: 82.60 deg. Period: 88.50 min. Investigation of the natural resources of the earth in the interests of various branches of the national economy of the USSR and international cooperation.

1988 August 30 - 14:14 GMT - Launch Vehicle: Soyuz. Molniya 8K78M-2BL Cosmos 1966 Mass: 1,250 kg (2,750 lb). Spacecraft: Oko. Agency: MOM. Perigee: 2,436 km (1,513 mi). Apogee: 37,970 km (23,590 mi). Inclination: 67.20 deg. Period: 718.80 min. Covered Oko constellation plane 3 - 355 degree longitude of ascending node.

1989 January 12 - 11:29 GMT - Launch Vehicle: Soyuz. Cosmos 1990 Mass: 6,300 kg (13,800 lb). Spacecraft: Resurs F2. Agency: MOM. Perigee: 177 km (109 mi). Apogee: 227 km (141 mi). Inclination: 82.60 deg. Period: 88.50 min. Investigation of the natural resources of the earth in the interests of the national economy of the USSR and international cooperation; survey of seismically active regions of the country, including the Armenian SSR, in the interests of industrial and non -industrial construction.

1989 June 27 - 08:04 GMT - Launch Vehicle: Soyuz. Resurs F-02 Mass: 6,300 kg (13,800 lb). Spacecraft: Resurs F1-14F43. Agency: MOM. Perigee: 255 km (158 mi). Apogee: 269 km (167 mi). Inclination: 82.60 deg. Period: 89.80 min. Investigation of the natural resources of the earth in the interests of various branches of the national economy of the USSR and international cooperation.

1989 July 18 - 09:44 GMT - Launch Vehicle: Soyuz. Resurs F-03 Mass: 6,300 kg (13,800 lb). Spacecraft: Resurs F1-14F43. Agency: MOM. Perigee: 178 km (110 mi). Apogee: 214 km (132 mi). Inclination: 82.60 deg. Period: 88.40 min. Deployed Pion 3 & 4. Resurs-F: Investigation of the natural resources of the earth in the interests of various branches of the Soviet economy and international cooperation. Satellite carries two passive separable 'Pion' probes to investigate upper atmospheric density.

1989 November 23 - 20:35 GMT - Launch Vehicle: Soyuz. Molniya 8K78M-2BL Cosmos 2050 Mass: 1,900 kg (4,100 lb). Spacecraft: Oko. Agency: MOM. Perigee: 6,185 km (3,843 mi). Apogee: 34,182 km (21,239 mi). Inclination: 67.50 deg. Period: 718.00 min. Covered Oko constellation plane 9 - 233 degree longitude of ascending node.

1990 April 28 - 11:37 GMT - Launch Vehicle: Soyuz. Molniya 8K78M-2BL Cosmos 2076 Mass: 1,900 kg (4,100 lb). Spacecraft: Oko. Agency: MOM. Perigee: 5,748 km (3,571 mi). Apogee: 34,572 km (21,482 mi). Inclination: 68.00 deg. Period: 717.10 min. Covered Oko constellation plane 1 - 277 degree longitude of ascending node.

1990 July 3 - Launch Vehicle: Soyuz. FAILURE: Failure. Yantar-4K1 Spacecraft: Yantar-4K1. Agency: UNKS. High resolution photo reconnaissance mission.

1990 July 25 - 18:13 GMT - Launch Vehicle: Soyuz. Molniya 8K78M-2BL Cosmos 2087 Mass: 1,900 kg (4,100 lb). Spacecraft: Oko. Agency: MOM. Perigee: 3,357 km (2,085 mi). Apogee: 36,991 km (22,985 mi). Inclination: 67.50 deg. Period: 717.60 min. Replaced Cosmos 2084. Covered Oko constellation plane 6 - 117 degree longitude of ascending node.

1990 September 7 - 11:59 GMT - Launch Vehicle: Soyuz. Resurs F-09 Mass: 6,300 kg (13,800 lb). Spacecraft: Resurs F1-14F43. Agency: MOM. Perigee: 177 km (109 mi). Apogee: 238 km (147 mi). Inclination: 82.50 deg. Period: 88.70 min. Carried German microgravity experiment. Investigation of the natural resources of the Earth in the interests of various branches of the national economy of the USSR; solution of problems relating to ecology and international cooperation.

1990 November 20 - 02:33 GMT - Launch Vehicle: Soyuz. Molniya 8K78M-2BL Cosmos 2105 Mass: 1,900 kg (4,100 lb). Spacecraft: Oko. Agency: MOM. Perigee: 1,936 km (1,202 mi). Apogee: 38,453 km (23,893 mi). Inclination: 65.00 deg. Period: 718.50 min. Covered Oko constellation planes 3/4 - 12 degree longitude of ascending node.

1991 January 17 - 10:30 GMT - Launch Vehicle: Soyuz. Cosmos 2121 Mass: 6,300 kg (13,800 lb). Spacecraft: Zenit-8. Agency: MOM. Perigee: 165 km (102 mi). Apogee: 247 km (153 mi). Inclination: 82.60 deg. Period: 88.60 min. Military cartographic satellite; returned film capsule.

1991 February 7 - 18:15 GMT - Launch Vehicle: Soyuz. Cosmos 2124 Mass: 6,600 kg (14,500 lb). Spacecraft: Yantar-4K1. Agency: MOM. Perigee: 186 km (115 mi). Apogee: 316 km (196 mi). Inclination: 62.80 deg. Period: 89.50 min. High resolution photo reconnaissance; returned film in two small SpK capsules during the mission and with the main capsule at completion of the mission.

1991 March 6 - 15:30 GMT - Launch Vehicle: Soyuz. Cosmos 2136 Mass: 6,300 kg (13,800 lb). Spacecraft: Zenit-8. Agency: MOM. Perigee: 250 km (150 mi). Apogee: 314 km (195 mi). Inclination: 62.80 deg. Period: 90.20 min. Military cartographic satellite; returned film capsule.

1991 March 26 - 13:45 GMT - Launch Vehicle: Soyuz. Cosmos 2138 Mass: 6,600 kg (14,500 lb). Spacecraft: Yantar-4K1. Agency: MOM. Perigee: 161 km (100 mi). Apogee: 343 km (213 mi). Inclination: 67.10 deg. Period: 89.60 min. High resolution photo reconnaissance; returned film in two small SpK capsules during the mission and with the main capsule at completion of the mission.

1992 April 1 - 14:18 GMT - Launch Vehicle: Soyuz. Cosmos 2182 Mass: 6,600 kg (14,500 lb). Spacecraft: Yantar-4K1. Agency: MOM. Perigee: 166 km (103 mi). Apogee: 284 km (176 mi). Inclination: 67.10 deg. Period: 89.00 min. High resolution photo reconnaissance; returned film in two small SpK capsules during the mission and with the main capsule at completion of the mission.

1992 May 28 - 19:09 GMT - Launch Vehicle: Soyuz. Cosmos 2186 Mass: 6,600 kg (14,500 lb). Spacecraft: Yantar-4K1. Agency: MOM. Perigee: 187 km (116 mi). Apogee: 327 km (203 mi). Inclination: 62.80 deg. Period: 89.70 min. High resolution photo reconnaissance; returned film in two small SpK capsules during the mission and with the main capsule at completion of the mission.

1992 August 19 - 10:20 GMT - Launch Vehicle: Soyuz. Resurs F-16 Mass: 6,300 kg (13,800 lb). Spacecraft: Resurs F1-14F43. Agency: MOM. Perigee: 178 km (110 mi). Apogee: 226 km (140 mi). Inclination: 82.60 deg. Period: 88.60 min. Carried US Dept. of Defense experiment. Investigation of the natural resources of the Earth in the interests of the various branches of the national economy and solution of problems relating to the environment and to international cooperation (the satellite's equipment included two Pion passive satellites for the investigation of the upper atmosphere).

1992 September 22 - 16:10 GMT - Launch Vehicle: Soyuz. Cosmos 2210 Mass: 6,600 kg (14,500 lb). Spacecraft: Yantar-4K1. Agency: MOM. Perigee: 160 km (90 mi). Apogee: 353 km (219 mi). Inclination: 67.20 deg. Period: 89.60 min. High resolution photo reconnaissance; returned film in two small SpK capsules during the mission and with the main capsule at completion of the mission.

1992 October 21 - 10:21 GMT - Launch Vehicle: Soyuz. Molniya 8K78M-2BL Cosmos 2217 Mass: 1,900 kg (4,100 lb). Spacecraft: Oko. Agency: MOM. Perigee: 3,642 km (2,263 mi). Apogee: 36,700 km (22,800 mi). Inclination: 67.10 deg. Period: 717.50 min. Covered Oko constellation plane 8 - 201 degree longitude of ascending node.

1992 November 15 - 21:45 GMT - Launch Vehicle: Soyuz. Resurs-500 Mass: 6,300 kg (13,800 lb). Spacecraft: Resurs F1-14F43. Agency: MOM. Perigee: 177 km (109 mi). Apogee: 237 km (147 mi). Inclination: 82.60 deg. Period: 88.60 min. Carried descent module with greetings to American people. Delivery of a humanitarian cargo (messages to the American people, promotional materials of Russian and foreign firms, etc.) to the United States of America in connection with the 500th anniversary of the discovery of America by Columbus.

1993 January 26 - 15:55 GMT - Launch Vehicle: Soyuz. Molniya 8K78M-2BL Cosmos 2232 Mass: 1,900 kg (4,100 lb). Spacecraft: Oko. Agency: MOM. Perigee: 4,502 km (2,797 mi). Apogee: 35,870 km (22,280 mi). Inclination: 67.60 deg. Period: 718.10 min. Covered Oko constellation plane 4 - 34 degree longitude of ascending node.

1993 April 2 - 14:30 GMT - Launch Vehicle: Soyuz. Cosmos 2240 Mass: 6,600 kg (14,500 lb). Spacecraft: Yantar-4K1. Agency: MOM. Perigee: 188 km (116 mi). Apogee: 320 km (190 mi). Inclination: 62.80 deg. Period: 89.60 min. High resolution photo reconnaissance; returned film in two small SpK capsules during the mission and with the main capsule at completion of the mission.

1993 May 21 - 09:15 GMT - Launch Vehicle: Soyuz. Resurs F-17 Mass: 6,300 kg (13,800 lb). Spacecraft: Resurs F2. Agency: MOM. Perigee: 176 km (109 mi). Apogee: 255 km (158 mi). Inclination: 82.60 deg. Period: 88.80 min. Investigation of the natural resources of the Earth for the various branches of the national economy, the solution of environmental problems, and international cooperation.

1993 June 25 - 08:20 GMT - Launch Vehicle: Soyuz. Resurs F-18 Mass: 6,300 kg (13,800 lb). Spacecraft: Resurs F1-14F43. Agency: MOM. Perigee: 173 km (107 mi). Apogee: 240 km (140 mi). Inclination: 82.60 deg. Period: 88.60 min. Investigation of the natural resources of the Earth in the interests of various branches of the national economy; solution of problems relating to ecology and international cooperation.

1993 August 10 - 14:53 GMT - Launch Vehicle: Soyuz. Molniya 8K78M-2BL Cosmos 2261 Mass: 1,900 kg (4,100 lb). Spacecraft: Oko. Agency: MOM. Perigee: 4,370 km (2,710 mi). Apogee: 35,967 km (22,348 mi). Inclination: 66.60 deg. Period: 717.40 min. Covered Oko constellation plane 9 - 235 degree longitude of ascending node.

1993 August 24 - 10:45 GMT - Launch Vehicle: Soyuz. Resurs F-19 Mass: 6,300 kg (13,800 lb). Spacecraft: Resurs F1-14F43. Agency: MOM. Perigee: 174 km (108 mi). Apogee: 236 km (146 mi). Inclination: 82.60 deg. Period: 88.60 min. Investigation of the natural resources of the Earth in the interests of various branches of the national economy; solution of problems relating to ecology and international cooperation.

1994 June 7 - 07:20 GMT - Launch Vehicle: Soyuz. Cosmos 2281 Mass: 6,300 kg (13,800 lb). Spacecraft: Zenit-8. Agency: MOM. Perigee: 236 km (146 mi). Apogee: 293 km (182 mi). Inclination: 82.50 deg. Period: 89.80 min. Military cartographic satellite; returned film capsule. Also photography of the earth's surface for the purpose of the natural resource mapping and area monitoring on behalf of various branches of the Russian economy and in the interests of international cooperation. Landed July 29.

1994 August 5 - 01:12 GMT - Launch Vehicle: Soyuz. Molniya 8K78M-2BL Cosmos 2286 Mass: 1,900 kg (4,100 lb). Spacecraft: Oko. Agency: MOM. Perigee: 3,982 km (2,474 mi). Apogee: 36,384 km (22,607 mi). Inclination: 67.50 deg. Period: 718.00 min. Covered Oko constellation plane 5 - 78 degree longitude of ascending node.

1995 May 24 - 20:10 GMT - Launch Vehicle: Soyuz. Molniya 8K78M-2BL Cosmos 2312 Mass: 1,900 kg (4,100 lb). Spacecraft: Oko. Agency: MOM. Perigee: 3,890 km (2,410 mi). Apogee: 36,472 km (22,662 mi). Inclination: 67.00 deg. Period: 717.90 min. Covered Oko constellation planes 2/3 - 332 degree longitude of ascending node.

1996 June 20 - 18:45 GMT - Launch Vehicle: Soyuz. FAILURE: Shroud broke up at T+50seconds. Yantar-4K1 Mass: 6,600 kg (14,500 lb). Spacecraft: Yantar-4K1. Agency: VKS. High resolution photo reconnaissance mission.

1997 January 10 - Launch Vehicle: Soyuz. Molniya 8K78M (Block-2BL) Oko launch abort Spacecraft: Oko. Agency: Ministry of Defense of the Russian Federation. Oko launch aborted at moment of engine ignition. Spacecraft was intended to cover Oko constellation planes 8/9 - 209 degree longitude of ascending node.

1997 April 9 - 08:58 GMT - Launch Vehicle: Soyuz. Molniya 8K78M-2BL PVB76032-647 Cosmos 2340 Spacecraft: Oko. Agency: MO RF. Perigee: 3,164 km (1,966 mi). Apogee: 37,201 km (23,115 mi). Inclination: 65.20 deg. Period: 718.00 min. Covered Oko constellation planes 8/9 - 217 degree longitude of ascending node.

1998 May 7 - 08:53 GMT - Launch Vehicle: Soyuz. Molniya 8K78M-2BL Cosmos 2351 Spacecraft: Oko. Agency: MO RF. Perigee: 2,806 km (1,743 mi). Apogee: 37,513 km (23,309 mi). Inclination: 63.70 deg. Period: 717.10 min.

1999 December 27 - 19:12 GMT - Launch Vehicle: Soyuz. Molniya 8K78M-2BL Cosmos 2368 Mass: 1,900 kg (4,100 lb). Spacecraft: Oko. Agency: VKS. Perigee: 1,603 km (996 mi). Apogee: 38,751 km (24,078 mi). Inclination: 63.20 deg. Period: 717.80 min. Early warning satellite, carrying a large telescope to monitor missile launches. The payload and fourth stage were placed in an initial 229 km x 523 km x 62.8 deg orbit; the fourth stage (Block-2BL) fired over South America on the first orbit and delivered the payload to its 12-hour final orbit.

2002 April 1 - 22:07 GMT - Launch Vehicle: Soyuz. Molniya 8K78M-2BL Cosmos 2388 Mass: 1,900 kg (4,100 lb). Spacecraft: Oko. Agency: KVR. Perigee: 519 km (322 mi). Apogee: 39,178 km (24,344 mi). Inclination: 62.93 deg. The Blok-I upper stage and Oko satellite were placed in a 231 x 490 km x 62.8 deg parking orbit. Following the stage burn the Lavochkin US-KS (Oko) elliptical orbit early warning satellite built by Lavochkin was not tracked immediately, but later was reported to be in the correct standard orbit.

2002 December 24 - 12:20 GMT - Launch Vehicle: Soyuz. Molniya 8K78M-2BL 77045-865 Cosmos 2393 Mass: 1,900 kg (4,100 lb). Spacecraft: Oko. Agency: VKS. Perigee: 542 km (336 mi). Apogee: 39,722 km (24,682 mi). Inclination: 62.90 deg. Period: 716.00 min. Launch delayed from September, then October 22.

2003 April 2 - 01:53 GMT - Launch Vehicle: Soyuz. Molniya 8K78M-ML 684 Molniya 1-92 Mass: 1,660 kg (3,650 lb). Spacecraft: Molniya-1T. Agency: VKS. Perigee: 655 km (406 mi). Apogee: 39,693 km (24,664 mi). Inclination: 62.90 deg. Period: 717.60 min.

2003 June 19 - 20:00 GMT - Launch Vehicle: Soyuz. Molniya 8K78M-ML 689 Molniya 3-53 Mass: 1,600 kg (3,500 lb). Spacecraft: Molniya-3. Agency: VKS. Perigee: 651 km (404 mi). Apogee: 39,703 km (24,670 mi). Inclination: 62.90 deg. Period: 717.80 min. The satellite entered a 211 x 559 km x 62.8 deg parking orbit, and then the Blok ML upper stage fired to put it in a 604 x 40578 km x 62.7 deg drift orbit with a 734 minute period. The orbit was later adjusted to 717.8 minutes (semi-synchronous) with an onboard engine. The special orbital inclination of 63 degrees minimizes the rotation of the orbit in its plane due to the oblateness of the Earth, keeping the apogee in the same apparent position over the northern hemisphere.

2004 February 18 - 07:05 GMT - Launch Vehicle: Soyuz. Molniya 8K78M-ML Molniya-1T Mass: 1,900 kg (4,100 lb). Spacecraft: Molniya-1T. Agency: VKS. Perigee: 650 km (400 mi). Apogee: 39,708 km (24,673 mi). Inclination: 62.90 deg. Period: 717.90 min. Launched during a nationwide military exercise. Original name Cosmos 2405.

2004 September 24 - 16:50 GMT - Launch Vehicle: Soyuz. Cosmos 2410 Mass: 6,700 kg (14,700 lb). Spacecraft: Yantar-4K1. Perigee: 208 km (129 mi). Apogee: 348 km (216 mi). Inclination: 67.10 deg. Period: 90.10 min. Film-return reconnaisance satellite. Maneuvered on October 1 to a 213 x 330 km orbit. Believed to be an improved Yantar-4K1 with a longer lifetime - and given the code name 'Kobalt' previously applied to the defunct Yantar-4K2 system. When re-entry was commanded after only 107 days in orbit, there was speculation that problems had arisen with the satellite. Sources claimed the satellite had some kind of control problem, which was brought under control, and the two smaller film return capsules were successfully returned. But when the control problem reoccurred, it was decided to bring the main re-entry capsule down early. At retrofire, two objects were tracked as having separated from the spacecraft. Russian search teams were unable to locate the capsule after re-entry. Further launches of the satellite were put on hold until a State Commission could determine the causes of the failure.

2005 June 21 - 00:49 GMT - Launch Vehicle: Soyuz. Molniya 8K78M-ML 77046-694 FAILURE: Failure - Third stage propulsion. Molniya 3K Mass: 1,750 kg (3,850 lb). Spacecraft: Molniya-2. Agency: VKS. Delayed from May 25

2006 May 3 - 17:38 GMT - Launch Vehicle: Soyuz. Cosmos 2420 Mass: 6,700 kg (14,700 lb). Spacecraft: Yantar-4K1. Agency: VKS. Perigee: 178 km (110 mi). Apogee: 349 km (216 mi). Inclination: 67.10 deg. Period: 89.80 min. Imaging reconnaissance satellite, probably the second Kobalt-M satellite, built by the Arsenal factory. The satellite carried small film recovery capsules and one large reentry vehicle, recovered at the end of the mission with the camera and more film.

2006 July 21 - 04:20 GMT - Launch Vehicle: Soyuz. Molniya 8K78M-2BL Cosmos 2422 Mass: 1,750 kg (3,850 lb). Spacecraft: Oko. Agency: VKS. Perigee: 616 km (382 mi). Apogee: 39,741 km (24,693 mi). Inclination: 62.90 deg. Period: 717.80 min. Missile early warning satellite