1967 July 25 - Launch Vehicle: Soyuz. Operational test Agency: RVSN. Apogee: 1,350 km (830 mi).

1969 December 3 - 13:20 GMT - Launch Vehicle: Soyuz. Cosmos 313 Mass: 6,000 kg (13,200 lb). Spacecraft: Zenit-2M. Agency: MOM. Perigee: 198 km (123 mi). Apogee: 335 km (208 mi). Inclination: 65.40 deg. Period: 89.80 min. Area survey photo reconnaissance satellite; returned film capsule.

1970 February 19 - 18:57 GMT - Launch Vehicle: Soyuz. Molniya 1-13 Mass: 1,600 kg (3,500 lb). Spacecraft: Molniya-1. Agency: MOM. Perigee: 461 km (286 mi). Apogee: 39,170 km (24,330 mi). Inclination: 65.40 deg. Period: 703.10 min. The first launch of the 8K78M vehicle from the Plesetsk launch site. Operation of a system of long range telephone-telegraph radiocommunication, and transmission of USSR Central Television programmes to the stations of the Orbita network.

1970 March 4 - 12:14 GMT - Launch Vehicle: Soyuz. Cosmos 325 Mass: 4,720 kg (10,400 lb). Spacecraft: Zenit-2. Agency: MOM. Perigee: 200 km (120 mi). Apogee: 327 km (203 mi). Inclination: 65.40 deg. Period: 89.80 min. Area survey photo reconnaissance satellite.

1970 March 13 - 08:00 GMT - Launch Vehicle: Soyuz. Cosmos 326 Mass: 4,720 kg (10,400 lb). Spacecraft: Zenit-2. Agency: MOM. Perigee: 208 km (129 mi). Apogee: 232 km (144 mi). Inclination: 81.30 deg. Period: 88.90 min. Area survey photo reconnaissance satellite.

1970 July 21 - Launch Vehicle: Soyuz. FAILURE: Failure. Zenit-4 Spacecraft: Zenit-4. Agency: RVSN. High resolution photo reconnaissance mission.

1971 December 27 - 14:04 GMT - Launch Vehicle: Soyuz. Cosmos 470 Mass: 6,300 kg (13,800 lb). Spacecraft: Zenit-4MT. Agency: MOM. Perigee: 192 km (119 mi). Apogee: 259 km (160 mi). Inclination: 65.00 deg. Period: 89.00 min. Military topography satellite; returned film capsule; deployed science capsule.

1972 April 4 - 20:38 GMT - Launch Vehicle: Soyuz. Molniya 1-20 Mass: 1,600 kg (3,500 lb). Spacecraft: Molniya-1. Agency: MOM. Perigee: 343 km (213 mi). Apogee: 40,006 km (24,858 mi). Inclination: 65.70 deg. Period: 717.60 min. Operation of the long-range telephone and telegraph radiocommunications system in the USSR; transmission of television programmes to stations in the Orbita network.

1974 July 9 - 14:40 GMT - Launch Vehicle: Soyuz. Meteor 1-18 Mass: 3,800 kg (8,300 lb). Spacecraft: Meteor-Priroda. Agency: MOM. Perigee: 883 km (548 mi). Apogee: 909 km (564 mi). Inclination: 81.20 deg. Period: 102.90 min. Conducted experimental work in studying the natural resources of the earth. Also tested plasma engine

1974 October 22 - 18:00 GMT - Launch Vehicle: Soyuz. Cosmos 690 Mass: 6,000 kg (13,200 lb). Spacecraft: Bion. Agency: MOM. Perigee: 215 km (133 mi). Apogee: 364 km (226 mi). Inclination: 62.80 deg. Period: 90.30 min. Biological research. Investigation of the upper atmosphere and outer space.

1975 September 25 - 09:50 GMT - Launch Vehicle: Soyuz. Cosmos 771 Mass: 6,300 kg (13,800 lb). Spacecraft: Zenit-4MKT. Agency: MOM. Perigee: 203 km (126 mi). Apogee: 219 km (136 mi). Inclination: 81.30 deg. Period: 88.70 min. Investigation of the natural resources of the earth in the interests of various branches of the national economy of the USSR and international cooperation.

1976 July 1 - 08:06 GMT - Launch Vehicle: Soyuz. FAILURE: Fourth stage failure. Cosmos 837 Mass: 1,600 kg (3,500 lb). Spacecraft: Molniya-2. Agency: MOM. Perigee: 438 km (272 mi). Apogee: 936 km (581 mi). Inclination: 62.80 deg. Period: 98.50 min. Failed Molniya.

1976 October 4 - 11:00 GMT - Launch Vehicle: Soyuz. FAILURE: Launch vehicle destroyed at T+95 seconds. Zenit-4MKT no. 3 Mass: 6,300 kg (13,800 lb). Spacecraft: Zenit-4MKT. Agency: RVSN. Investigation of the natural resources of the earth in the interests of various branches of the national economy of the USSR and international cooperation.

1976 October 22 - 09:12 GMT - Launch Vehicle: Soyuz. Cosmos 862 Mass: 1,250 kg (2,750 lb). Spacecraft: Oko. Agency: MOM. Perigee: 3,620 km (2,240 mi). Apogee: 36,759 km (22,840 mi). Inclination: 68.30 deg. Period: 718.30 min. Covered Oko constellation plane 5 - 86 degree longitude of ascending node.

1976 December 28 - 06:38 GMT - Launch Vehicle: Soyuz. Molniya 3-06 Mass: 1,600 kg (3,500 lb). Spacecraft: Molniya-3. Agency: MOM. Perigee: 426 km (264 mi). Apogee: 13,594 km (8,446 mi). Inclination: 59.50 deg. Period: 257.00 min. Continued operation of the long-range telephone and telegraph radio-communication system within the Soviet Union and transmission of USSR central television programmes to stations in the Orbita and participating international networks (international cooperation scheme).

1977 April 28 - 09:10 GMT - Launch Vehicle: Soyuz. Molniya 3-07 Mass: 1,600 kg (3,500 lb). Spacecraft: Molniya-3. Agency: MOM. Perigee: 2,169 km (1,347 mi). Apogee: 38,201 km (23,736 mi). Inclination: 63.50 deg. Period: 718.10 min. Continued operation of the long-range telephone and telegraph radio-communication system within the Soviet Union and transmission of USSR central television programmes to stations in the Orbita and participating international networks (international cooperation scheme).

1977 May 26 - 07:00 GMT - Launch Vehicle: Soyuz. Cosmos 912 Mass: 6,300 kg (13,800 lb). Spacecraft: Zenit-4MKT. Agency: MOM. Perigee: 217 km (134 mi). Apogee: 225 km (139 mi). Inclination: 81.30 deg. Period: 88.90 min. Investigation of the natural resources of the earth in the interests of various branches of the national economy of the USSR and international cooperation.

1977 June 16 - 01:58 GMT - Launch Vehicle: Soyuz. Cosmos 917 Mass: 1,250 kg (2,750 lb). Spacecraft: Oko. Agency: MOM. Perigee: 4,196 km (2,607 mi). Apogee: 36,143 km (22,458 mi). Inclination: 67.60 deg. Period: 717.50 min. Covered Oko constellation plane 9 - 245 degree longitude of ascending node.

1977 July 20 - 04:44 GMT - Launch Vehicle: Soyuz. Cosmos 931 Mass: 1,250 kg (2,750 lb). Spacecraft: Oko. Agency: MOM. Perigee: 3,770 km (2,340 mi). Apogee: 36,549 km (22,710 mi). Inclination: 66.50 deg. Period: 717.10 min. Replaced Cosmos 665. Covered Oko constellation plane 2 - 323 degree longitude of ascending node.

1977 September 2 - 09:00 GMT - Launch Vehicle: Soyuz. Cosmos 948 Mass: 6,300 kg (13,800 lb). Spacecraft: Zenit-4MKT. Agency: MOM. Perigee: 217 km (134 mi). Apogee: 235 km (146 mi). Inclination: 81.40 deg. Period: 89.00 min. Investigation of the natural resources of the earth in the interests of various branches of the national economy of the USSR and international cooperation.

1978 May 23 - 07:30 GMT - Launch Vehicle: Soyuz. Cosmos 1010 Mass: 6,300 kg (13,800 lb). Spacecraft: Zenit-4MKT. Agency: MOM. Perigee: 217 km (134 mi). Apogee: 230 km (140 mi). Inclination: 81.40 deg. Period: 89.00 min. Investigation of the natural resources of the earth in the interests of various branches of the national economy of the USSR and international cooperation.

1978 September 6 - 03:04 GMT - Launch Vehicle: Soyuz. Cosmos 1030 Mass: 2,030 kg (4,470 lb). Spacecraft: Oko. Agency: MOM. Perigee: 4,131 km (2,566 mi). Apogee: 36,185 km (22,484 mi). Inclination: 66.20 deg. Period: 717.00 min. Covered Oko constellation plane 4 - 39 degree longitude of ascending node.

1979 May 17 - 07:10 GMT - Launch Vehicle: Soyuz. Cosmos 1099 Mass: 6,300 kg (13,800 lb). Spacecraft: Zenit-4MKT. Agency: MOM. Perigee: 215 km (133 mi). Apogee: 247 km (153 mi). Inclination: 81.40 deg. Period: 89.10 min. Investigation of the natural resources of the earth in the interests of various branches of the national economy of the USSR and international cooperation.

1979 June 5 - 23:28 GMT - Launch Vehicle: Soyuz. Molniya 3-12 Mass: 1,600 kg (3,500 lb). Spacecraft: Molniya-3. Agency: MOM. Perigee: 126 km (78 mi). Apogee: 19,362 km (12,030 mi). Inclination: 63.00 deg. Period: 339.60 min. Continued operation of the long-range telephone and telegraph radio-communication system; transmission of USSR central television programmes to stations in the Orbita network and international cooperation.

1979 June 12 - 07:00 GMT - Launch Vehicle: Soyuz. Cosmos 1106 Mass: 6,300 kg (13,800 lb). Spacecraft: Zenit-2M. Agency: MOM. Perigee: 216 km (134 mi). Apogee: 237 km (147 mi). Inclination: 81.40 deg. Period: 89.10 min. Zenit-2M area survey photo reconnaissance satellite used for earth resources studies as part of 'Gektor-Priroda' project. Investigation of the natural resources of the earth in the interests of various branches of the national economy of the USSR and international cooperation.

1979 June 22 - 07:00 GMT - Launch Vehicle: Soyuz. Cosmos 1108 Mass: 6,300 kg (13,800 lb). Spacecraft: Zenit-4MKT. Agency: MOM. Perigee: 214 km (132 mi). Apogee: 245 km (152 mi). Inclination: 81.30 deg. Period: 89.10 min. Investigation of the natural resources of the earth in the interests of various branches of the national economy of the USSR and international cooperation.

1979 July 13 - 08:25 GMT - Launch Vehicle: Soyuz. Cosmos 1115 Mass: 6,300 kg (13,800 lb). Spacecraft: Zenit-4MKT. Agency: MOM. Perigee: 217 km (134 mi). Apogee: 235 km (146 mi). Inclination: 81.40 deg. Period: 89.00 min. Investigation of the natural resources of the earth in the interests of various branches of the national economy of the USSR and international cooperation.

1979 July 27 - 07:30 GMT - Launch Vehicle: Soyuz. Cosmos 1118 Mass: 6,300 kg (13,800 lb). Spacecraft: Zenit-2M. Agency: MOM. Perigee: 210 km (130 mi). Apogee: 237 km (147 mi). Inclination: 81.30 deg. Period: 88.90 min. Zenit-2M area survey photo reconnaissance satellite used for earth resources studies as part of 'Gektor-Priroda' project. Investigation of the natural resources of the earth in the interests of various branches of the national economy of the USSR and international cooperation.

1979 August 17 - 07:45 GMT - Launch Vehicle: Soyuz. Cosmos 1122 Mass: 6,300 kg (13,800 lb). Spacecraft: Zenit-2M. Agency: MOM. Perigee: 208 km (129 mi). Apogee: 227 km (141 mi). Inclination: 81.30 deg. Period: 88.90 min. Zenit-2M area survey photo reconnaissance satellite used for earth resources studies as part of 'Gektor-Priroda' project. Nauka subsatellite 31KS jettisoned into independent orbit in the course of the mission. Investigation of the natural resources of the earth in the interests of various branches of the national economy of the USSR and international cooperation.

1979 August 28 - 00:17 GMT - Launch Vehicle: Soyuz. Cosmos 1124 Mass: 2,030 kg (4,470 lb). Spacecraft: Oko. Agency: MOM. Perigee: 4,913 km (3,052 mi). Apogee: 35,403 km (21,998 mi). Inclination: 67.30 deg. Period: 717.00 min. Replaced Cosmos 1030. Covered Oko constellation plane 4 - 36 degree longitude of ascending node.

1980 February 12 - 00:53 GMT - Launch Vehicle: Soyuz. FAILURE: Fourth stage failure. Cosmos 1164 Mass: 1,890 kg (4,160 lb). Spacecraft: Oko. Agency: MOM. Perigee: 434 km (269 mi). Apogee: 40,856 km (25,386 mi). Inclination: 62.80 deg. Period: 736.80 min. Left in parking orbit. Decay date suspect Investigation of the upper atmosphere and outer space. Was intended to cover Oko constellation plane 9 - 241 degree longitude of ascending node.

1980 March 18 - 16:01 GMT - Launch Vehicle: Soyuz. FAILURE: Booster exploded on pad during servicing. Severe pad damage, 48 people killed. Cause found to be change in solder with tin to that with lead in H2O2 filters, causing decomposition and explosion. Tselina-D Spacecraft: Tselina-D. Agency: RVSN. This was the worst disaster since the Nedelin Catastrophe on 24 October 1964. A commission of military officers and chief designers reviewed the incident and requested changes to equipment and procedures, especially as regarded liquid oxygen handling. Another source reports that the explosion occurred during the fuelling of the Block E upper stage, and was due to hydrogen peroxide being present in a lox line filter and a confusion between fuel and lox lines. This error had always been possible, but had never happened in the 20 years of use of the booster before the explosion. The launch pad was badly damaged and not put back into service until April 1983.

1983 April 8 - 08:30 GMT - Launch Vehicle: Soyuz. Cosmos 1451 Mass: 6,300 kg (13,800 lb). Spacecraft: Zenit-6U. Agency: MOM. Perigee: 178 km (110 mi). Apogee: 232 km (144 mi). Inclination: 82.40 deg. Period: 88.60 min. Photo surveillance; returned film capsule; maneuverable. First launch from LC43/4 since on-pad explosion in March 1980.

1983 July 8 - 19:21 GMT - Launch Vehicle: Soyuz. Molniya 8K78M-2BL Cosmos 1481 Mass: 1,250 kg (2,750 lb). Spacecraft: Oko. Agency: MOM. Perigee: 2,912 km (1,809 mi). Apogee: 36,924 km (22,943 mi). Inclination: 67.30 deg. Period: 707.30 min. Intended to replace Cosmos 1285; last stage exploded. Was intended to cover Oko constellation plane 6 - 118 degree longitude of ascending node.

1983 July 20 - 08:00 GMT - Launch Vehicle: Soyuz. Cosmos 1483 Mass: 6,300 kg (13,800 lb). Spacecraft: Resurs F1-17F41. Agency: MOM. Perigee: 211 km (131 mi). Apogee: 272 km (169 mi). Inclination: 82.30 deg. Period: 89.30 min. Medium resolution photo surveillance; film capsule; also performed earth resources tasks. Investigation of the natural resources of the earth in the interests of various branches of the national economy of the USSR and international cooperation.

1983 August 5 - 09:20 GMT - Launch Vehicle: Soyuz. Cosmos 1487 Mass: 6,300 kg (13,800 lb). Spacecraft: Resurs F1-17F41. Agency: MOM. Perigee: 209 km (129 mi). Apogee: 392 km (243 mi). Inclination: 82.30 deg. Period: 89.30 min. High resolution photo surveillance; film capsule; maneuverable; also performed earth resource tasks. Investigation of the natural resources of the earth in the interests of various branches of the national economy of the USSR and international cooperation.

1983 September 3 - 10:15 GMT - Launch Vehicle: Soyuz. Cosmos 1495 Mass: 6,300 kg (13,800 lb). Spacecraft: Zenit-4MKT. Agency: MOM. Perigee: 205 km (127 mi). Apogee: 221 km (137 mi). Inclination: 82.30 deg. Period: 88.80 min. Investigation of the natural resources of the earth in the interests of various branches of the national economy of the USSR and international cooperation.

1984 March 21 - 11:05 GMT - Launch Vehicle: Soyuz. Cosmos 1545 Mass: 6,300 kg (13,800 lb). Spacecraft: Zenit-6U. Agency: MOM. Perigee: 193 km (119 mi). Apogee: 367 km (228 mi). Inclination: 72.90 deg. Period: 90.10 min. Photo surveillance; returned film capsule.

1984 May 22 - 08:30 GMT - Launch Vehicle: Soyuz. Cosmos 1557 Mass: 6,300 kg (13,800 lb). Spacecraft: Zenit-4MKT. Agency: MOM. Perigee: 208 km (129 mi). Apogee: 245 km (152 mi). Inclination: 82.30 deg. Period: 89.00 min. Investigation of the natural resources of the earth in the interests of various branches of the national economy of the USSR and international cooperation.

1984 June 22 - 07:40 GMT - Launch Vehicle: Soyuz. Cosmos 1575 Mass: 6,300 kg (13,800 lb). Spacecraft: Resurs F1-17F41. Agency: MOM. Perigee: 212 km (131 mi). Apogee: 264 km (164 mi). Inclination: 82.30 deg. Period: 89.30 min. High resolution photo surveillance; film capsule; maneuverable. Investigation of the natural resources of the earth in the interests of various branches of the national economy of the USSR and international cooperation.

1984 July 3 - 21:31 GMT - Launch Vehicle: Soyuz. Molniya 8K78M-2BL Cosmos 1581 Mass: 1,250 kg (2,750 lb). Spacecraft: Oko. Agency: MOM. Perigee: 4,498 km (2,794 mi). Apogee: 36,014 km (22,378 mi). Inclination: 67.80 deg. Period: 721.00 min. Replaced Cosmos 1317. Covered Oko constellation plane 8 - 194 degree longitude of ascending node.

1984 July 19 - 08:30 GMT - Launch Vehicle: Soyuz. Cosmos 1582 Mass: 6,300 kg (13,800 lb). Spacecraft: Resurs F1-17F41. Agency: MOM. Perigee: 216 km (134 mi). Apogee: 266 km (165 mi). Inclination: 82.30 deg. Period: 89.30 min. High resolution photo surveillance; film capsule; maneuverable; also performed earth resource tasks. Investigation of the natural resources of the earth in the interests of various branches of the national economy of the USSR and international cooperation.

1984 August 30 - 10:10 GMT - Launch Vehicle: Soyuz. Cosmos 1591 Mass: 6,300 kg (13,800 lb). Spacecraft: Resurs F1-17F41. Agency: MOM. Perigee: 206 km (128 mi). Apogee: 268 km (166 mi). Inclination: 82.30 deg. Period: 89.30 min. High resolution photo surveillance; film capsule; maneuverable. Investigation of the natural resources of the earth in the interests of various branches of the national economy of the USSR and international cooperation.

1984 September 13 - 10:25 GMT - Launch Vehicle: Soyuz. Cosmos 1597 Mass: 6,300 kg (13,800 lb). Spacecraft: Zenit-4MKT. Agency: MOM. Perigee: 208 km (129 mi). Apogee: 241 km (149 mi). Inclination: 82.30 deg. Period: 89.00 min. Investigation of the natural resources of the earth in the interests of various branches of the national economy of the USSR and international cooperation.

1985 January 16 - 06:22 GMT - Launch Vehicle: Soyuz. Molniya 8K78M-ML Molniya 3-23 Mass: 1,600 kg (3,500 lb). Spacecraft: Molniya-3. Agency: MOM. Perigee: 626 km (388 mi). Apogee: 39,732 km (24,688 mi). Inclination: 64.80 deg. Period: 717.90 min. Replaced Molniya 3-19. Operation of the long-range telephone and telegraph radio communications system in the USSR; transmission of USSR Central Television programmes to stations in the Orbita network and within the framework of international cooperation.

1985 May 29 - 07:40 GMT - Launch Vehicle: Soyuz. Molniya 8K78M-ML Molniya 3-24 Mass: 1,600 kg (3,500 lb). Spacecraft: Molniya-3. Agency: MOM. Perigee: 1,449 km (900 mi). Apogee: 38,895 km (24,168 mi). Inclination: 64.10 deg. Period: 717.60 min. Replaced Molniya 3-18. Operation of the long-range telephone and telegraph radio communications system in the USSR; transmission of USSR Central Television programmes to stations in the Orbita network and within the framework of international cooperation.

1985 June 7 - 07:45 GMT - Launch Vehicle: Soyuz. Cosmos 1657 Mass: 6,300 kg (13,800 lb). Spacecraft: Resurs F1-17F41. Agency: MOM. Perigee: 177 km (109 mi). Apogee: 282 km (175 mi). Inclination: 82.30 deg. Period: 89.10 min. High resolution photo surveillance; film capsule; maneuverable (?). Investigation of the natural resources of the earth in the interests of various branches of the national economy of the USSR and international cooperation.

1985 July 17 - 01:05 GMT - Launch Vehicle: Soyuz. Molniya 8K78M-ML Molniya 3-25 Mass: 1,600 kg (3,500 lb). Spacecraft: Molniya-3. Agency: MOM. Perigee: 1,797 km (1,116 mi). Apogee: 38,334 km (23,819 mi). Inclination: 64.70 deg. Period: 713.30 min. Operation of the long-range telephone and telegraph radio communications system in the USSR; transmission of USSR Central Television programmes to stations in the Orbita network and within the framework of international cooperation.

1985 August 7 - 09:50 GMT - Launch Vehicle: Soyuz. Cosmos 1672 Mass: 6,300 kg (13,800 lb). Spacecraft: Resurs F1-17F41. Agency: MOM. Perigee: 183 km (113 mi). Apogee: 255 km (158 mi). Inclination: 82.30 deg. Period: 88.90 min. High resolution photo surveillance; film capsule; maneuverable. Investigation of the natural resources of the earth in the interests of various branches of the national economy of the USSR and international cooperation.

1985 September 24 - 01:18 GMT - Launch Vehicle: Soyuz. Molniya 8K78M-2BL Cosmos 1684 Mass: 1,250 kg (2,750 lb). Spacecraft: Oko. Agency: MOM. Perigee: 7,606 km (4,726 mi). Apogee: 32,715 km (20,328 mi). Inclination: 67.90 deg. Period: 717.10 min. Replaced Cosmos 1586. Covered Oko constellation plane 4 - 35 degree longitude of ascending node.

1985 October 3 - 07:33 GMT - Launch Vehicle: Soyuz. Molniya 8K78M-ML Molniya 3-26 Mass: 1,600 kg (3,500 lb). Spacecraft: Molniya-3. Agency: MOM. Perigee: 1,660 km (1,030 mi). Apogee: 38,722 km (24,060 mi). Inclination: 64.60 deg. Period: 718.40 min. Operation of the long-range telephone and telegraph radio communications system in the USSR; transmission of USSR Central Television programmes to stations in the Orbita network and within the framework of international cooperation.

1985 October 22 - 20:24 GMT - Launch Vehicle: Soyuz. Molniya 8K78M-2BL Cosmos 1698 Mass: 1,250 kg (2,750 lb). Spacecraft: Oko. Agency: MOM. Perigee: 4,994 km (3,103 mi). Apogee: 35,412 km (22,003 mi). Inclination: 67.80 deg. Period: 718.80 min. Replaced Cosmos 1541. Covered Oko constellation plane 3 - 351 degree longitude of ascending node.

1985 December 13 - 07:45 GMT - Launch Vehicle: Soyuz. Cosmos 1708 Mass: 6,300 kg (13,800 lb). Spacecraft: Resurs F1-17F41. Agency: MOM. Perigee: 179 km (111 mi). Apogee: 281 km (174 mi). Inclination: 82.30 deg. Period: 89.10 min. High resolution photo surveillance; film capsule; maneuverable; also performed earth resource tasks. Investigation of the natural resources of the earth in the interests of various branches of the national economy of the USSR and international cooperation.

1985 December 24 - 18:56 GMT - Launch Vehicle: Soyuz. Molniya 8K78M-ML Molniya 3-27 Mass: 1,600 kg (3,500 lb). Spacecraft: Molniya-3. Agency: MOM. Perigee: 1,554 km (965 mi). Apogee: 38,555 km (23,956 mi). Inclination: 64.50 deg. Period: 712.80 min. Operation of the long-range telephone and telegraph radio communications system in the USSR; transmission of USSR Central Television programmes to stations in the Orbita network and within the framework of international cooperation.

1986 May 28 - 07:50 GMT - Launch Vehicle: Soyuz. Cosmos 1746 Mass: 6,300 kg (13,800 lb). Spacecraft: Resurs F1-17F41. Agency: MOM. Perigee: 176 km (109 mi). Apogee: 277 km (172 mi). Inclination: 82.40 deg. Period: 89.00 min. Investigation of the natural resources of the earth in the interests of various branches of the national economy of the USSR and international cooperation.

1986 July 5 - 01:16 GMT - Launch Vehicle: Soyuz. Molniya 8K78M-2BL Cosmos 1761 Mass: 1,800 kg (3,900 lb). Spacecraft: Oko. Agency: MOM. Perigee: 4,856 km (3,017 mi). Apogee: 35,495 km (22,055 mi). Inclination: 67.80 deg. Period: 717.70 min. Replaced Cosmos 1698. Covered Oko constellation plane 3 - 354 degree longitude of ascending node.

1986 October 20 - 08:49 GMT - Launch Vehicle: Soyuz. Molniya 8K78M-ML Molniya 3-30 Mass: 1,600 kg (3,500 lb). Spacecraft: Molniya-3. Agency: MOM. Perigee: 1,742 km (1,082 mi). Apogee: 38,570 km (23,960 mi). Inclination: 64.90 deg. Period: 716.90 min. Replaced Molniya 3-21. Operation of the long-range telephone and telegraph radio communications system in the USSR; transmission of USSR Central Television programmes to stations in the Orbita network and within the framework of international cooperation.

1986 December 12 - 18:35 GMT - Launch Vehicle: Soyuz. Molniya 8K78M-2BL Cosmos 1806 Mass: 1,800 kg (3,900 lb). Spacecraft: Oko. Agency: MOM. Perigee: 7,495 km (4,657 mi). Apogee: 32,850 km (20,410 mi). Inclination: 67.90 deg. Period: 717.60 min. Replaced Cosmos 1729. Covered Oko constellation plane 5 - 73 degree longitude of ascending node.

1987 May 21 - 07:44 GMT - Launch Vehicle: Soyuz. Cosmos 1846 Mass: 6,300 kg (13,800 lb). Spacecraft: Resurs F1-14F40. Agency: MOM. Perigee: 178 km (110 mi). Apogee: 283 km (175 mi). Inclination: 82.30 deg. Period: 89.10 min. Investigation of the natural resources of the earth in the interests of various branches of the national economy of the USSR and international cooperation.

1987 June 12 - 07:40 GMT - Launch Vehicle: Soyuz. Molniya 8K78M-2BL Cosmos 1851 Mass: 1,800 kg (3,900 lb). Spacecraft: Oko. Agency: MOM. Perigee: 6,926 km (4,303 mi). Apogee: 33,453 km (20,786 mi). Inclination: 67.90 deg. Period: 718.30 min. Covered Oko constellation plane 6 - 113 degree longitude of ascending node.

1987 September 15 - 10:30 GMT - Launch Vehicle: Soyuz. Cosmos 1882 Mass: 6,300 kg (13,800 lb). Spacecraft: Resurs F1-14F40. Agency: MOM. Perigee: 253 km (157 mi). Apogee: 269 km (167 mi). Inclination: 82.30 deg. Period: 89.70 min. Investigation of the natural resources of the earth in the interests of various branches of the national economy of the USSR and international cooperation.

1988 May 26 - 15:27 GMT - Launch Vehicle: Soyuz. Molniya 8K78M-ML Molniya 3-32 Mass: 1,600 kg (3,500 lb). Spacecraft: Molniya-3. Agency: MOM. Perigee: 2,066 km (1,283 mi). Apogee: 38,104 km (23,676 mi). Inclination: 64.60 deg. Period: 714.10 min. Operation of the long-range telephone and telegraph radio communications system in the USSR; transmission of USSR Central Television programmes to stations in the Orbita network and within the framework of international cooperation.

1988 July 27 - 09:05 GMT - Launch Vehicle: Soyuz. Soyuz 11A511U 78039130 FAILURE: Failure. Resurs-F1 14F43 Spacecraft: Resurs F1-14F43. Agency: UNKS.

1989 August 15 - 10:29 GMT - Launch Vehicle: Soyuz. Resurs F-04 Mass: 6,300 kg (13,800 lb). Spacecraft: Resurs F2. Agency: MOM. Perigee: 178 km (110 mi). Apogee: 226 km (140 mi). Inclination: 82.30 deg. Period: 88.50 min. Investigation of the natural resources of the earth in the interests of various branches of the national economy of the USSR and international cooperation.

1990 January 23 - 02:51 GMT - Launch Vehicle: Soyuz. Molniya 8K78M-ML Molniya 3-37 Mass: 1,600 kg (3,500 lb). Spacecraft: Molniya-3. Agency: MOM. Perigee: 982 km (610 mi). Apogee: 39,367 km (24,461 mi). Inclination: 64.90 deg. Period: 717.70 min. Operation of the long-range telephone and telegraph radio communications system in the USSR; transmission of USSR Central Television programmes to stations in the Orbita network and within the framework of international cooperation.

1990 May 29 - 07:19 GMT - Launch Vehicle: Soyuz. Resurs F-06 Mass: 6,300 kg (13,800 lb). Spacecraft: Resurs F1-14F43. Agency: MOM. Perigee: 175 km (108 mi). Apogee: 231 km (143 mi). Inclination: 82.40 deg. Period: 88.60 min. Also carried German microgravity experiment. Investigation of the natural resources of the Earth in the interests of various branches of the national economy of the USSR; solution of problems relating to ecology and international cooperation. In accordance with a commercial agreement, apparatus belo nging to the Federal Republic of Germany is also being carried for the purpose of conducting biotechnological experiments.

1990 August 16 - 09:54 GMT - Launch Vehicle: Soyuz. Resurs F-08 Mass: 6,300 kg (13,800 lb). Spacecraft: Resurs F1-14F43. Agency: MOM. Perigee: 176 km (109 mi). Apogee: 229 km (142 mi). Inclination: 82.30 deg. Period: 88.50 min. Investigation of the natural resources of the Earth in the interests of various branches of the national economy of the USSR; solution of problems relating to ecology and international cooperation.

1990 August 28 - 07:49 GMT - Launch Vehicle: Soyuz. Molniya 8K78M-2BL Cosmos 2097 Mass: 1,900 kg (4,100 lb). Spacecraft: Oko. Agency: MOM. Perigee: 3,383 km (2,102 mi). Apogee: 37,021 km (23,003 mi). Inclination: 66.50 deg. Period: 718.80 min. Covered Oko constellation plane 3 - 357 degree longitude of ascending node.

1990 September 20 - 20:16 GMT - Launch Vehicle: Soyuz. Molniya 8K78M-ML Molniya 3-39 Mass: 1,600 kg (3,500 lb). Spacecraft: Molniya-3. Agency: MOM. Perigee: 1,209 km (751 mi). Apogee: 39,142 km (24,321 mi). Inclination: 63.20 deg. Period: 717.70 min. Operation of the long-range telephone and telegraph radio communications system in the USSR; transmission of USSR Central Television programmes to stations in the Orbita network and within the framework of international cooperation.

1991 March 22 - 12:19 GMT - Launch Vehicle: Soyuz. Molniya 8K78M-ML Molniya 3-40 Mass: 1,600 kg (3,500 lb). Spacecraft: Molniya-3. Agency: MOM. Perigee: 2,948 km (1,831 mi). Apogee: 37,374 km (23,223 mi). Inclination: 64.50 deg. Period: 717.10 min. Operation of the long-range telephone and telegraph radio communications system in the USSR; transmission of USSR Central Television programmes to stations in the Orbita network and within the framework of international cooperation.

1991 May 21 - 09:00 GMT - Launch Vehicle: Soyuz. Resurs F-10 Mass: 6,300 kg (13,800 lb). Spacecraft: Resurs F2. Agency: MOM. Perigee: 178 km (110 mi). Apogee: 242 km (150 mi). Inclination: 82.30 deg. Period: 88.70 min. Also carried microgravity experiments. Investigation of the natural resources of the earth in the interests of the various branches of the national economy of the USSR, and solution of problems relating to the environment and to international cooperation.

1991 June 18 - 09:09 GMT - Launch Vehicle: Soyuz. Molniya 8K78M-ML Molniya 1-81 Mass: 1,600 kg (3,500 lb). Spacecraft: Molniya-1T. Agency: MOM. Perigee: 2,262 km (1,405 mi). Apogee: 38,094 km (23,670 mi). Inclination: 63.60 deg. Period: 717.80 min. Operation of the long-range telephone and telegraph radio communications system in the USSR; transmission of USSR Central Television programmes to stations in the Orbita network.

1991 July 9 - 09:40 GMT - Launch Vehicle: Soyuz. Cosmos 2152 Mass: 6,300 kg (13,800 lb). Spacecraft: Zenit-8. Agency: MOM. Perigee: 174 km (108 mi). Apogee: 234 km (145 mi). Inclination: 82.40 deg. Period: 88.60 min. Military cartographic satellite; returned film capsule.

1991 August 1 - 11:53 GMT - Launch Vehicle: Soyuz. Molniya 8K78M-ML Molniya 1-82 Mass: 1,600 kg (3,500 lb). Spacecraft: Molniya-1T. Agency: MOM. Perigee: 763 km (474 mi). Apogee: 39,591 km (24,600 mi). Inclination: 64.50 deg. Period: 717.80 min. Operation of the long-range telephone and telegraph radio communications system in the USSR; transmission of USSR Central Television programmes to stations in the Orbita network.

1991 September 17 - 20:01 GMT - Launch Vehicle: Soyuz. Molniya 8K78M-ML Molniya 3-41 Mass: 1,600 kg (3,500 lb). Spacecraft: Molniya-3. Agency: MOM. Perigee: 1,209 km (751 mi). Apogee: 39,145 km (24,323 mi). Inclination: 63.10 deg. Period: 717.80 min. Operation of the long-range telephone and telegraph radio communications system in the USSR; transmission of USSR Central Television programmes to stations in the Orbita network and within the framework of international cooperation.

1991 October 4 - 18:10 GMT - Launch Vehicle: Soyuz. Foton 7 Mass: 6,200 kg (13,600 lb). Spacecraft: Foton. Agency: MOM. Perigee: 214 km (132 mi). Apogee: 394 km (244 mi). Inclination: 62.80 deg. Period: 90.60 min. Materials research; carried German, French experiments. Continuation of space materials research conducted jointly with Germany and France.

1992 March 4 - 04:27 GMT - Launch Vehicle: Soyuz. Molniya 8K78M-ML Molniya 1-83 Mass: 1,600 kg (3,500 lb). Spacecraft: Molniya-1T. Agency: MOM. Perigee: 823 km (511 mi). Apogee: 39,530 km (24,560 mi). Inclination: 63.20 deg. Period: 717.80 min. Operation of the long-range telephone and telegraph radio-communications system and transmission of Central Television programmes.

1992 April 29 - 09:00 GMT - Launch Vehicle: Soyuz. Resurs F-14 Mass: 6,300 kg (13,800 lb). Spacecraft: Resurs F2. Agency: MOM. Perigee: 225 km (139 mi). Apogee: 230 km (140 mi). Inclination: 82.10 deg. Period: 89.10 min. Investigation of the natural resources of the Earth for the various branches of the national economy, the solution of environmental problems, and international cooperation.

1992 July 30 - 11:00 GMT - Launch Vehicle: Soyuz. Cosmos 2207 Mass: 6,300 kg (13,800 lb). Spacecraft: Zenit-8. Agency: MOM. Perigee: 180 km (110 mi). Apogee: 233 km (144 mi). Inclination: 82.40 deg. Period: 88.60 min. Military cartographic satellite; returned film capsule.

1992 October 8 - 19:00 GMT - Launch Vehicle: Soyuz. Foton 8 Mass: 6,200 kg (13,600 lb). Spacecraft: Foton. Agency: MOM. Perigee: 218 km (135 mi). Apogee: 359 km (223 mi). Inclination: 62.80 deg. Period: 90.30 min. 250 orbits. Microgravity research. Space materials research (conducted jointly with Germany).

1992 November 20 - 15:29 GMT - Launch Vehicle: Soyuz. Cosmos 2220 Mass: 6,600 kg (14,500 lb). Spacecraft: Yantar-4K1. Agency: MOM. Perigee: 164 km (101 mi). Apogee: 341 km (211 mi). Inclination: 67.20 deg. Period: 89.60 min. High resolution photo reconnaissance; returned film in two small SpK capsules during the mission and with the main capsule at completion of the mission.

1993 April 6 - 19:07 GMT - Launch Vehicle: Soyuz. Molniya 8K78M-2BL Cosmos 2241 Mass: 1,900 kg (4,100 lb). Spacecraft: Oko. Agency: MOM. Perigee: 3,564 km (2,214 mi). Apogee: 36,804 km (22,868 mi). Inclination: 66.00 deg. Period: 718.00 min. Covered Oko constellation plane 7 - 161 degree longitude of ascending node.

1993 April 21 - 00:23 GMT - Launch Vehicle: Soyuz. Molniya 8K78M-ML Molniya 3-44 Mass: 1,600 kg (3,500 lb). Spacecraft: Molniya-3. Agency: MOM. Perigee: 744 km (462 mi). Apogee: 39,603 km (24,608 mi). Inclination: 62.90 deg. Period: 717.70 min. Operation of the long-range telephone and telegraph radio communications system, transmission of television programmes to stations in the Orbita network and international cooperation. Replaced Molniya 3-41.

1993 May 26 - 03:23 GMT - Launch Vehicle: Soyuz. Molniya 8K78M-ML Molniya 1-86 Mass: 1,600 kg (3,500 lb). Spacecraft: Molniya-1T. Agency: MOM. Perigee: 1,676 km (1,041 mi). Apogee: 38,681 km (24,035 mi). Inclination: 64.10 deg. Period: 717.80 min. Operation of the long-range telephone and telegraph radio communications system, transmission of television programmes to stations in the Orbita network. Replaced Molniya 1-81.

1994 March 17 - 16:30 GMT - Launch Vehicle: Soyuz. Cosmos 2274 Mass: 6,600 kg (14,500 lb). Spacecraft: Yantar-4K1. Agency: MOM. Perigee: 176 km (109 mi). Apogee: 372 km (231 mi). Inclination: 67.00 deg. Period: 89.70 min. This space object is intended for assignments on behalf of the Ministry of Defense of the Russian Federation. High resolution photo reconnaissance; returned film in two small SpK capsules during the mission and with the main capsule at completion of the mission.

1994 July 20 - 17:35 GMT - Launch Vehicle: Soyuz. Cosmos 2283 Mass: 6,600 kg (14,500 lb). Spacecraft: Yantar-4K1. Agency: MOM. Perigee: 179 km (111 mi). Apogee: 313 km (194 mi). Inclination: 67.10 deg. Period: 89.42 min. High resolution photo reconnaissance; returned film in two small SpK capsules during the mission and with the main capsule at completion of the mission.

1994 August 23 - 14:30 GMT - Launch Vehicle: Soyuz. Molniya 8K78M-ML Molniya-3-46 Mass: 1,600 kg (3,500 lb). Spacecraft: Molniya-3. Agency: MOM. Perigee: 1,518 km (943 mi). Apogee: 38,837 km (24,132 mi). Inclination: 64.90 deg. Period: 717.80 min. Replaced Molniya 3-40. As of 1994, the Molniya 3 constellation consisted of Molniya 3-36, 3-38, 3-39, 3-42, 3-43, 3-44, 3-45, and 3-46.

1994 December 14 - 14:21 GMT - Launch Vehicle: Soyuz. Molniya 8K78M-ML Molniya-1-88 Mass: 1,600 kg (3,500 lb). Spacecraft: Molniya-1T. Agency: MOM. Perigee: 1,795 km (1,115 mi). Apogee: 38,562 km (23,961 mi). Inclination: 64.10 deg. Period: 717.80 min. Molniya 188, relieved Molniya 1-82 of its duties. At the end of 1994, operational Molniya satellites were 1-79, 1-80, and 1-83 through 1-88.

1995 February 16 - 17:39 GMT - Launch Vehicle: Soyuz. Foton 10 Mass: 6,300 kg (13,800 lb). Spacecraft: Foton. Agency: MOM. Perigee: 218 km (135 mi). Apogee: 355 km (220 mi). Inclination: 62.80 deg. Period: 90.30 min. 234 orbits. Carried Russian, French, German micro-gravity experiments. Landed in Russia Mar 3

1995 September 26 - 11:20 GMT - Launch Vehicle: Soyuz. Resurs F2 N.10 Mass: 6,300 kg (13,800 lb). Spacecraft: Resurs F2. Agency: MOM. Perigee: 255 km (158 mi). Apogee: 277 km (172 mi). Inclination: 82.30 deg. Period: 89.80 min. Natural resources; photo capsule recovered in Russia on 10/26/95.

1996 March 14 - 17:40 GMT - Launch Vehicle: Soyuz. Cosmos 2331 Mass: 6,600 kg (14,500 lb). Spacecraft: Yantar-4K1. Agency: MOM. Perigee: 159 km (98 mi). Apogee: 291 km (180 mi). Inclination: 67.10 deg. Period: 89.00 min. High resolution photo reconnaissance; returned film in two small SpK capsules during the mission and with the main capsule at completion of the mission.

1996 October 24 - 11:37 GMT - Launch Vehicle: Soyuz. Molniya 8K78M-ML PVB71612-697 Molniya-3-48 Mass: 1,600 kg (3,500 lb). Spacecraft: Molniya-3. Agency: MOM. Perigee: 1,837 km (1,141 mi). Apogee: 38,520 km (23,930 mi). Inclination: 64.90 deg. Period: 717.80 min.

1996 December 24 - 13:50 GMT - Launch Vehicle: Soyuz. Soyuz 11A511U PVB15000-050 Bion No. 11 Spacecraft: Bion. Agency: RKA. Perigee: 216 km (134 mi). Apogee: 375 km (233 mi). Inclination: 62.80 deg. Period: 90.40 min. Biological research. Carried monkeys Lalik and Multik.

1997 May 14 - 00:33 GMT - Launch Vehicle: Soyuz. Molniya 8K78M-2BL Cosmos 2342 Spacecraft: Oko. Agency: MO RF. Perigee: 2,584 km (1,605 mi). Apogee: 37,820 km (23,500 mi). Inclination: 66.70 deg. Period: 718.80 min. Covered Oko constellation planes 6/7 - 129 degree longitude of ascending node.

1997 September 24 - 21:30 GMT - Launch Vehicle: Soyuz. Molniya 8K78M-ML Molniya-1T Mass: 1,600 kg (3,500 lb). Spacecraft: Molniya-1T. Agency: MO RF. Perigee: 782 km (485 mi). Apogee: 39,575 km (24,590 mi). Inclination: 63.90 deg. Period: 717.80 min.

1999 September 9 - 18:00 GMT - Launch Vehicle: Soyuz. Foton 12 Spacecraft: Foton. Agency: RAKA. Perigee: 216 km (134 mi). Apogee: 379 km (235 mi). Inclination: 62.80 deg. Foton 12 carried European microgravity experiments. The spacecraft's descent module landed on Russian territory at 52.47 deg N 53.83 deg E on September 24, 1999.

1999 September 28 - 11:00 GMT - Launch Vehicle: Soyuz. Resurs F-1M Spacecraft: Resurs F1M. Agency: RKA. Perigee: 220 km (130 mi). Apogee: 231 km (143 mi). Inclination: 82.30 deg. Remote sensing film satellite. Recovered in Russia on October 22, 1999.

2001 May 29 - 17:55 GMT - Launch Vehicle: Soyuz. Cosmos 2377 Mass: 6,500 kg (14,300 lb). Spacecraft: Yantar-4K1. Agency: MO RF. Perigee: 165 km (102 mi). Apogee: 358 km (222 mi). Inclination: 67.10 deg. The Kobalt-class imaging satellite landed on October 10, 2001 after a four month mission.

2001 July 20 - 00:17 GMT - Launch Vehicle: Soyuz. Molniya 8K78M-ML Molniya-3-51 Mass: 1,900 kg (4,100 lb). Spacecraft: Molniya-3. Agency: MO RF. Perigee: 888 km (551 mi). Apogee: 39,467 km (24,523 mi). Inclination: 62.90 deg. Period: 717.80 min. Molniya-3K military communications satellite and booster fourth stage entered a 214 x 420 km x 62.8 deg parking orbit at 0026 GMT. About half an orbit later, over the southeast Pacific, the NPO Lavochkin Block-ML fourth stage fired to put the payload into a 407 x 40831 km x 62.9 deg orbit. The Molniya-3K was an improved version of the Molniya-3 military satellite.

2004 November 8 - 18:30 GMT - Launch Vehicle: Soyuz. Soyuz 2 flight test. Agency: KVR. First flight test of a modernized version of the Soyuz ST equipped with a digital control system. Suborbital launch; carried an obsolete Zenit-8 reconnaisance satellite as a mass model and impacted in the Pacific Ocean. Launch delayed from October 15 and 29, November 6.