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1948 -

  • XS-1 Flight 88 Nation: USA. Payload: XS-1 # 1 flight 51. Class: Manned. Type: Rocketplane. Spacecraft: XS-1. Crew: Fitzgerald.

    AF flight 29. Aborted because of inconsistent rocket operation. Reached mach 0.9.

1950 -
  • XS-1 Flight 132 Nation: USA. Payload: XS-1 # 1 flight 78. Class: Manned. Type: Rocketplane. Spacecraft: XS-1. Crew: Yeager.

    AF flight 56. Lateral stability and control investigation.

1950 -
  • OKB-1 founded. Nation: USSR.

    Decree 'On creation of OKB-1 within NII-88' was issued.

1950 - 01:11 GMT - Launch Site: White Sands. Launch Complex: LC35. Launch Pad: -. Launch Vehicle: Aerobee. Model: Aerobee XASR-SC-2. LV Configuration: Aerobee XASR-SC-2 SC 11.
  • Air Sampling Aeronomy mission Nation: USA. Agency: USA. Apogee: 100 km (60 mi).

    Composition research. Launched at 1811 local time. Reached 99.5 km.

1951 - Launch Site: White Sands. Launch Complex: LC33. Launch Pad: -. Launch Vehicle: Hermes. Model: Hermes A-1. LV Configuration: Hermes A-1 6.
  • Test mission Nation: USA. Agency: USA. Apogee: 24 km (14 mi).

1954 - Launch Site: Kapustin Yar. Launch Complex: V-2. Launch Pad: -. Launch Vehicle: R-1. Model: R-1 8A11. LV Configuration: R-1 8A11 No 1912.
  • Operational test Nation: USSR. Agency: NII-88. Apogee: 100 km (60 mi).

1957 - 20:12 GMT - Launch Site: Cape Canaveral. Launch Complex: LC5. Launch Pad: -. Launch Vehicle: Jupiter. LV Configuration: Jupiter IRBM AM-1B. FAILURE: Failure.
  • Research and development test Nation: USA. Agency: USAF/ABMA.

    Fired from AMR at 1512 hours EST to test the design version of the airframe and rocket engine. The flight terminated at 93 seconds because of propellant slosh. The missile achieved an altitude of 60,000 feet. The flight was partially successful.

1960 - Launch Vehicle: Saturn I.
  • Douglas to build the second stage (S-IV) of the Saturn C-1 Nation: USA. Program: Apollo.

    NASA announced the selection of the Douglas Aircraft Company to build the second stage (S-IV) of the Saturn C-1 launch vehicle.

1960 - Launch Site: Wallops Island. Launch Complex: -. Launch Pad: -. Launch Vehicle: Honest John. Model: HJ Nike Gosling. FAILURE: Failure.
  • Porous re-entry vehicle test flight Nation: USA. Agency: NASA. Apogee: 43 km (26 mi).

1960 - 01:13 GMT - Launch Site: Cape Canaveral. Launch Complex: LC29A. Launch Pad: -. Launch Vehicle: Polaris. Model: Polaris A1. LV Configuration: Polaris A1X-22.
  • Test mission Nation: USA. Agency: USN. Apogee: 500 km (310 mi).

1962 - Launch Site: Vandenberg. Launch Complex: -. Launch Pad: -.
  • First West Coast launch of a Scout space booster. Nation: USA.

1962 - Launch Site: Vandenberg. Launch Complex: SLC5. Launch Pad: -. Launch Vehicle: Scout. Model: Scout X-2. LV Configuration: Scout X-2 S111. FAILURE: Failure.
  • Solrad 4B Nation: USA. Payload: GRAB 4B. Mass: 91 kg (200 lb). Class: Sigint. Spacecraft: GRAB. Agency: U.S. Navy. COSPAR: F620426A. Decay Date: 1962-04-26.

    Solar radiation monitor.

1962 - 10:02 GMT - Launch Site: Baikonur. Launch Complex: LC1. Launch Pad: -. Launch Vehicle: Soyuz. Model: Vostok 8K72K.
  • Cosmos 4 Nation: USSR. Payload: Zenit-2 11F61 s/n 2. Mass: 4,610 kg (10,160 lb). Class: Surveillance. Type: Military. Spacecraft: Zenit-2. Agency: RVSN. Perigee: 285 km (177 mi). Apogee: 317 km (196 mi). Inclination: 65.00 deg. Period: 90.50 min. COSPAR: 1962-Xi-1. USAF Sat Cat: 287. Duration: 3.00 days. Decay Date: 1962-04-29. Flight: Vostok 3, Vostok 4.

    Area survey photo reconnaissance satellite. Program partially completed. Failure of primary spacecraft orientation system. It was to spend four days in space, to be followed by another mission during 5-10 May. This meant that Vostok 3/4 could not be launched before 20-30 May. The cosmonaut prime crew returned from their in-suit parachute training at Fedosiya.

1962 - 16:00 GMT - Launch Site: Wallops Island. Launch Complex: -. Launch Pad: -. Launch Vehicle: Cajun. Model: Nike Cajun. LV Configuration: Nike Cajun NASA 10.110GI.
  • Japan / US Ionosphere D-Reg Ionosphere mission Nation: USA. Agency: NASA/RRLJ. Apogee: 128 km (79 mi).

1962 - 18:00 GMT - Launch Site: Cape Canaveral. Launch Complex: LC17A. Launch Pad: -. Launch Vehicle: Delta. Model: Thor Delta. LV Configuration: Thor Delta 320/D9.
  • Ariel 1 Nation: UK. Payload: UK 1 (S-51). Mass: 60 kg (132 lb). Class: Earth. Type: Magnetosphere. Spacecraft: Ariel. Agency: NASA, United Kingdom. Perigee: 398 km (247 mi). Apogee: 1,203 km (747 mi). Inclination: 53.80 deg. Period: 100.80 min. COSPAR: 1962-Omicron-1. USAF Sat Cat: 285. Decay Date: 1976-03-31.

    Ionospheric studies; returned X-ray, ionospheric, cosmic ray data. Spacecraft engaged in research and exploration of the upper atmosphere or outer space (US Cat B).

1962 - 18:56 GMT - Launch Site: Vandenberg. Launch Complex: SLC3W. Launch Pad: -. Launch Vehicle: Atlas. Model: Atlas Agena B. LV Configuration: Atlas Agena B 118D / Agena B SPS 2401.
  • Samos 7 Nation: USA. Payload: Samos E-6 no. 1 / Agena B 2401. Mass: 1,588 kg (3,500 lb). Class: Surveillance. Type: Military. Spacecraft: Samos. Agency: U.S. Air Force. COSPAR: 1962-Pi-1. USAF Sat Cat: 286. Decay Date: 1962-04-28.

    Second generation photo surveillance; radio relay of images; Satellite and Missile Observation Satellite. Poor results.

  • FTV 2401 RV Nation: USA. Payload: E-6 RV. Spacecraft: Samos. Agency: USAF. COSPAR: 1962-Pi-xx.

1963 - Launch Site: Baikonur. Launch Complex: LC41/4. Launch Pad: -. Launch Vehicle: R-16. Model: R-16U.
  • Operational test launch Nation: USSR. Agency: RVSN. Apogee: 1,210 km (750 mi).

1963 - Launch Site: Hammaguira. Launch Complex: Bacchus. Launch Pad: -. Launch Vehicle: Belier. Model: Dragon 1. LV Configuration: Dragon D-04. FAILURE: Failure.
  • Test mission Nation: France. Agency: CNES. Apogee: 58 km (36 mi).

1963 - Launch Site: Vandenberg. Launch Complex: SLC5. Launch Pad: -. Launch Vehicle: Scout. Model: Scout X-2M. LV Configuration: Scout X-2M S121. FAILURE: Failure.
  • P 35-4 Nation: USA. Program: DMSP. Payload: OPS 1298. Class: Earth. Type: Weather. Spacecraft: Program 35. Agency: U.S. Air Force. COSPAR: F630426B. Decay Date: 1963-04-26.

    Military weather satellite to provide targetting information for reconnaisance satellites.

1963 - 18:31 GMT - Launch Site: ETR Launch Area. Launch Complex: -. Launch Pad: -. Launch Vehicle: Polaris. Model: Polaris A3. LV Configuration: Polaris A3X-20.
  • Test mission Nation: USA. Agency: USN. Apogee: 1,000 km (600 mi).

1963 - 20:13 GMT - Launch Site: Vandenberg. Launch Complex: SLC2E. Launch Pad: -. Launch Vehicle: Delta. Model: Thor Agena D. LV Configuration: Thor Agena D 372 / Agena D 1411. FAILURE: Attitude sensors were misaligned. No orbit.
  • KH-5 9055A Nation: USA. Payload: KH-5 s/n 9055A. Mass: 1,500 kg (3,300 lb). Class: Surveillance. Type: Military. Spacecraft: KH-5. Agency: U.S. Air Force. COSPAR: F630426AA. Decay Date: 1963-04-26.

    Mission failed.

1964 - Launch Site: Baikonur. Launch Complex: LC67/22. Launch Pad: -. Launch Vehicle: Tsiklon. Model: R-36 8K67. FAILURE: Failure.
  • State trials missile test Nation: USSR. Agency: RVSN. Apogee: 0 km ( mi).

1965 -
  • First Apollo CM heatshields Nation: USA. Program: Apollo. Spacecraft: Apollo CSM.

    North American received CM 009 forward and crew compartment heatshields from Avco Corporation. These heatshields were the first CM heatshields received by the contractor with complete ablative application.

1965 - Launch Site: Baikonur. Launch Complex: LC41/4. Launch Pad: -. Launch Vehicle: R-16. Model: R-16U.
  • Operational test launch Nation: USSR. Agency: RVSN. Apogee: 1,210 km (750 mi).

1966 - Launch Site: Baikonur. Launch Complex: LC41/4. Launch Pad: -. Launch Vehicle: R-16. Model: R-16U.
  • Military training launch Nation: USSR. Agency: RVSN. Apogee: 1,210 km (750 mi).

1966 - Launch Site: Baikonur. Launch Complex: PU32. Launch Pad: -. Launch Vehicle: Tsiklon. Model: R-36 8K67.
  • State trials missile test Nation: USSR. Agency: RVSN. Apogee: 1,000 km (600 mi).

1966 - 00:12 GMT - Launch Site: Sonmiani. Launch Complex: -. Launch Pad: -. Launch Vehicle: Apache. Model: Nike Apache. LV Configuration: Nike Apache NASA 14.249IM.
  • Rehbar 13 (Gren / TMA) Aeronomy mission Nation: USA. Agency: NASA. Apogee: 190 km (110 mi).

1966 - 10:04 GMT - Launch Site: Kapustin Yar. Launch Complex: LC86/1. Launch Pad: -. Launch Vehicle: Kosmos 2. Model: Kosmos 11K63.
  • Cosmos 116 Nation: USSR. Program: DS. Payload: DS-P1-Yu s/n 6. Mass: 325 kg (716 lb). Class: Military. Type: Target. Spacecraft: DS-P1-Yu. Agency: MO SSSR. Perigee: 288 km (178 mi). Apogee: 464 km (288 mi). Inclination: 48.40 deg. Period: 92.00 min. COSPAR: 1966-036A. USAF Sat Cat: 2152. Completed Operations Date: 1966-12-03. Decay Date: 1966-12-03.

    Development of systems for air defence and the control of outer space.

1967 -
  • Komarov state funeral. Nation: USSR. Program: Soyuz. Flight: Soyuz 1.

    Komarov's ashes are interred in the wall of the Kremlin.

1967 - 04:15 GMT - Launch Site: Fort Churchill. Launch Complex: -. Launch Pad: -. Launch Vehicle: Black Brant. Model: Black Brant 5B. LV Configuration: Black Brant VB AFF-VB-06.
  • Test / ionosphere / plasma mission Nation: Canada. Agency: NRCC. Apogee: 396 km (246 mi).

1967 - 10:06 GMT - Launch Site: San Marco. Launch Complex: -. Launch Pad: -. Launch Vehicle: Scout. Model: Scout B. LV Configuration: Scout B S153C.
  • San Marco 2 Nation: Italy. Payload: San Marco B. Mass: 129 kg (284 lb). Class: Earth. Type: Atmosphere. Spacecraft: San Marco. Agency: CRS. Perigee: 219 km (136 mi). Apogee: 741 km (460 mi). Inclination: 2.90 deg. Period: 94.20 min. COSPAR: 1967-038A. USAF Sat Cat: 2761. Decay Date: 1967-10-14.

    Atmospheric density data. Scientific satellite launched from a mobile range off Formosa Bay (Kenya).

1967 - 18:00 GMT - Launch Site: Vandenberg. Launch Complex: SLC4W. Launch Pad: -. Launch Vehicle: Titan. Model: Titan 3B. LV Configuration: Titan IIIB 3B-5. FAILURE: Stage 2 engine lost thrust.
  • OPS 4243 Nation: USA. Payload: KH-8 no. 05 / Agena D. Mass: 3,000 kg (6,600 lb). Class: Surveillance. Type: Military. Spacecraft: KH-8. Agency: U.S. Air Force. COSPAR: F670426A. Decay Date: 1967-04-26.

    KH-8 type satellite.

  • SRV-1 Nation: USA. Payload: SRV-1. Spacecraft: KH-8. Agency: USAF. COSPAR: F670426B.

  • SRV-2 Nation: USA. Payload: SRV-2. Spacecraft: KH-8. Agency: USAF. COSPAR: F670426C.

1967 - 19:20 GMT - Launch Site: Silver Lake DZ. Launch Complex: -. Launch Pad: 35.3 N x 116.1 W. Launch Vehicle: X-15. LV Configuration: X-15 3-58-87. FAILURE: Emergency landing at Silver Lake.
  • X-15A Telem/HT/Guidance test Nation: USA. Agency: NASA/USAF. Apogee: 16 km (9 mi).

    Maximum Speed - 1871 kph. Maximum Altitude - 16280 m.

1968 -
  • State Commission on the Gagarin crash. Nation: USSR.

    The course and manoeuvres taken by the aircraft in its last minutes has been determined from radar data and the on-board recorder.

1968 - Launch Site: ETR Launch Area. Launch Complex: -. Launch Pad: -. Launch Vehicle: Polaris. Model: Polaris A3. LV Configuration: Polaris A3P.
  • Follow-on operational missile test Nation: USA. Agency: USN. Apogee: 1,000 km (600 mi).

1968 - Launch Site: ETR Launch Area. Launch Complex: -. Launch Pad: -. Launch Vehicle: Polaris. Model: Polaris A3. LV Configuration: Polaris A3P.
  • Follow-on operational missile test Nation: USA. Agency: USN. Apogee: 1,000 km (600 mi).

1968 - Launch Site: ETR Launch Area. Launch Complex: -. Launch Pad: -. Launch Vehicle: Polaris. Model: Polaris A3. LV Configuration: Polaris A3P.
  • Follow-on operational missile test Nation: USA. Agency: USN. Apogee: 1,000 km (600 mi).

1968 - Launch Site: ETR Launch Area. Launch Complex: -. Launch Pad: -. Launch Vehicle: Polaris. Model: Polaris A3. LV Configuration: Polaris A3P.
  • Follow-on operational missile test Nation: USA. Agency: USN. Apogee: 1,000 km (600 mi).

1968 - 04:42 GMT - Launch Site: Kapustin Yar. Launch Complex: LC86/4. Launch Pad: -. Launch Vehicle: Kosmos 2. Model: Kosmos 11K63.
  • Cosmos 219 Nation: USSR. Program: DS. Payload: DS-U2-D s/n 2. Mass: 300 kg (660 lb). Class: Earth. Type: Magnetosphere. Spacecraft: DS-U2-D. Agency: MO SSSR. Perigee: 215 km (133 mi). Apogee: 1,745 km (1,084 mi). Inclination: 48.40 deg. Period: 104.60 min. COSPAR: 1968-038A. USAF Sat Cat: 3220. Decay Date: 1969-03-02.

    Studied charged particle flows.

1968 - 19:51 GMT - Launch Site: Delamar Dry Lake DZ. Launch Complex: -. Launch Pad: 37.3 N x 114.9 W. Launch Vehicle: X-15. LV Configuration: X-15 1-76-134.
  • X-15A SA TPS/HS Test/Technology mission Nation: USA. Agency: NASA/USAF. Apogee: 63 km (39 mi).

    Maximum Speed - 5704 kph. Maximum Altitude - 63090 m.

1969 -
  • Soyuz program review Nation: USSR. Program: Soyuz. Spacecraft: Soyuz 7K-OK, Soyuz Kontakt. Flight: Soyuz 5, Soyuz 6, Soyuz 7, Soyuz 8, Soyuz n 17, Soyuz n 18, Soyuz n 19, Soyuz n 20.

    The commission considers plans for the rest of the Soyuz production. Spacecraft s/n 14, 15, and 16 are to fly in August 1969, 17 and 18 in November 1969, and 19 and 20 in February-March 1970. Crews selected for the August flights are: for spacecraft 14, Shonin and Kubasov; for 15, Filipchenko, Volkov, and Gorbatko; for 16, Nikolayev and Sevastyanov. Back-ups will be Kuklin, Grechko, and Kolodin. All of the spacecraft will fly 4 to 5 day missions. Spacecraft 15 and 16 will dock and remain together 2 or 3 days to form an 'orbital station'. Experiments planned for the flight are:

    • Visual observation of rocket launch plumes using the Svinets device
    • Film and photography of the spacecraft 15-16 docking from spacecraft 14
    • Demonstration of welding in weightless vacuum conditions using the Vulkan device
    • Demonstration of autonomous navigation by the cosmonauts using a sextant
    • Medium wave radio communications
    • Test of new television sensors for the Soyuz orientation system

    Spacecraft 17 through 20 will fly 15 to 16 day missions to demonstrate the new SZhO life support system for the L3, and conduct rendezvous and docking operations using the L3's Kontakt system. - Additional details.

1969 - Launch Site: Kourou. Launch Complex: ALFS. Launch Pad: -. Launch Vehicle: Belier. Model: Dragon 3. LV Configuration: Dragon 3 D-302.
  • FU-188 Technology test Nation: France. Agency: CNES. Apogee: 410 km (250 mi).

1969 - 17:00 GMT - Launch Site: Thumba. Launch Complex: -. Launch Pad: -. Launch Vehicle: Apache. Model: Nike Apache. LV Configuration: Nike Apache NASA 14.403IG.
  • ISRO 40.04 X-ray astronomy mission Nation: USA. Agency: NASA. Apogee: 144 km (89 mi).

1970 - 13:05 GMT - Launch Site: Kheysa. Launch Complex: -. Launch Pad: -. Launch Vehicle: MR-12.
  • Aeronomy mission Nation: USSR. Apogee: 175 km (108 mi).

1971 -
  • Quarantine for crew members who would go to the moon on future Apollo flights was discontinued Nation: USA. Program: Apollo. Flight: Apollo 15.

    Acting NASA Administrator George M. Low discontinued the quarantine for future Apollo flights to the moon beginning with the Apollo 15 mission. The decision was based on a recommendation of the Interagency Committee on Back Contamination (ICBC). The ICBC would continue as an active body, however, at least until the results of the last Apollo lunar mission were reviewed. Biomedical characterization of returned lunar samples would also be continued.

1971 - Launch Site: Vandenberg. Launch Complex: LF07. Launch Pad: -. Launch Vehicle: Minuteman 1. Model: Minuteman 1B.
  • FOT GT93B Follow-on Test launch Nation: USA. Agency: USAF SAC. Apogee: 1,300 km (800 mi).

1971 - Launch Site: El Arenosillo. Launch Complex: -. Launch Pad: -. Launch Vehicle: Cajun. Model: Nike Cajun. LV Configuration: Nike Cajun NASA 10.388II.
  • Ionosphere mission Nation: USA. Agency: NASA. Apogee: 100 km (60 mi).

1971 - Launch Site: El Arenosillo. Launch Complex: -. Launch Pad: -. Launch Vehicle: Cajun. Model: Nike Cajun. LV Configuration: Nike Cajun NASA 10.387II.
  • Ionosphere mission Nation: USA. Agency: NASA. Apogee: 100 km (60 mi).

1971 - 19:34 GMT - Launch Site: El Arenosillo. Launch Complex: -. Launch Pad: -. Launch Vehicle: Belier. Model: Centaure. LV Configuration: Centaure C136.
  • INTA C-7101 Aeronomy mission Nation: France. Agency: CNES. Apogee: 129 km (80 mi).

1971 - 19:34 GMT - Launch Site: El Arenosillo. Launch Complex: -. Launch Pad: -. Launch Vehicle: Cajun. Model: Nike Cajun. LV Configuration: Nike Cajun NASA 10.386II.
  • Ionosphere mission Nation: USA. Agency: NASA. Apogee: 100 km (60 mi).

1971 - 22:15 GMT - Launch Site: El Arenosillo. Launch Complex: -. Launch Pad: -. Launch Vehicle: Cajun. Model: Nike Cajun. LV Configuration: Nike Cajun NASA 10.319II.
  • INTA NC-7101 Ionosphere mission Nation: USA. Agency: NASA. Apogee: 154 km (95 mi).

1973 - 06:20 GMT - Launch Site: Pacific Ocean. Launch Complex: -. Launch Pad: 27.0 N x 125.0 W. Launch Vehicle: Sandhawk. Model: Hydra Sandhawk.
  • LRL BOX-18 X-ray astronomy mission Nation: USA. Agency: USN NMC. Apogee: 262 km (162 mi).

1974 - 14:23 GMT - Launch Site: Plesetsk. Launch Complex: -. Launch Pad: -. Launch Vehicle: Soyuz. Model: Molniya 8K78M.
  • Molniya 2-09 Nation: USSR. Program: Molniya. Payload: Molniya-2. Mass: 1,600 kg (3,500 lb). Class: Communications. Spacecraft: Molniya-2. Agency: MOM. Perigee: 1,309 km (813 mi). Apogee: 35,168 km (21,852 mi). Inclination: 64.40 deg. Period: 640.60 min. COSPAR: 1974-026A. USAF Sat Cat: 7276.

    Continued operation of the long-range telephone and telegraph radio-communication system within the Soviet Union and transmission of USSR central television programmes to stations in the Orbita and participating international networks (international cooperation scheme).

1975 - 15:10 GMT - Launch Site: ETR Launch Area. Launch Complex: -. Launch Pad: -. Launch Vehicle: Polaris. Model: Polaris A3. LV Configuration: Polaris A3T.
  • Demonstration and shakedown operations launch Nation: USA. Agency: USN. Apogee: 1,000 km (600 mi).

1977 - 14:45 GMT - Launch Site: Plesetsk. Launch Complex: LC43/3. Launch Pad: -. Launch Vehicle: Soyuz. Model: Soyuz 11A511U.
  • Cosmos 905 Nation: USSR. Payload: Yantar-2K s/n 6. Mass: 6,600 kg (14,500 lb). Class: Surveillance. Type: Military. Spacecraft: Yantar-2K. Agency: MOM. Perigee: 170 km (100 mi). Apogee: 413 km (256 mi). Inclination: 67.10 deg. Period: 90.30 min. COSPAR: 1977-030A. USAF Sat Cat: 9937. Duration: 30.00 days. Decay Date: 1977-05-26.

    Sixth Yantar second generation reconnaissance test flight and first completely successful flight. Both small SpK film capsules successfully recovered during course of flight, as was the main OSA cabin with its camera, computer, and main film cannisters. First full duration Yantar flight.

1978 - Launch Site: Natal. Launch Complex: -. Launch Pad: -. Launch Vehicle: Sonda. Model: Sonda 3. LV Configuration: Sonda 3 XV-05.
  • Ionosphere mission Nation: Brazil. Agency: IAE. Apogee: 615 km (382 mi).

1978 - 10:20 GMT - Launch Site: Vandenberg. Launch Complex: SLC5. Launch Pad: -. Launch Vehicle: Scout. Model: Scout D-1. LV Configuration: Scout D-1 S201C.
  • HCMM Nation: USA. Payload: AEM 1. Mass: 134 kg (295 lb). Class: Earth. Type: Atmosphere. Spacecraft: AEM. Agency: NASA GSF. Perigee: 560 km (340 mi). Apogee: 641 km (398 mi). Inclination: 97.60 deg. Period: 96.70 min. COSPAR: 1978-041A. USAF Sat Cat: 10818. Decay Date: 1981-12-22.

    Heat Capacity Mapping Mission; prodeuced thermal maps of atmosphere. Spacecraft engaged in practical applications and uses of space technology such as weather or communication (US Cat C).

1980 - 22:00 GMT - Launch Site: Vandenberg. Launch Complex: SLC3E. Launch Pad: -. Launch Vehicle: Atlas. Model: Atlas F/SVS. LV Configuration: Atlas F/SVS 34F.
  • Navstar 6 Nation: USA. Program: Navstar. Payload: GPS SVN 6. Mass: 770 kg (1,690 lb). Class: Navigation. Spacecraft: GPS Block 1. Manufacturer: Boeing North American, Seal Beach (formerly Rockwell). Agency: USAF. Perigee: 19,387 km (12,046 mi). Apogee: 20,471 km (12,720 mi). Inclination: 62.80 deg. Period: 707.80 min. COSPAR: 1980-032A. USAF Sat Cat: 11783.

    Global Positioning System.

1983 - 10:00 GMT - Launch Site: Baikonur. Launch Complex: LC31. Launch Pad: -. Launch Vehicle: Soyuz. Model: Soyuz 11A511U.
  • Cosmos 1457 Nation: USSR. Payload: Yantar-4K1 s/n 214. Mass: 6,600 kg (14,500 lb). Class: Surveillance. Type: Military. Spacecraft: Yantar-4K1. Agency: MOM. Perigee: 164 km (101 mi). Apogee: 354 km (219 mi). Inclination: 70.40 deg. Period: 89.70 min. COSPAR: 1983-039A. USAF Sat Cat: 14039. Duration: 45.00 days. Decay Date: 1983-06-08.

    High resolution photo reconnaissance; returned film in two small SpK capsules during the mission and with the main capsule at completion of the mission.

1984 - 02:40 GMT - 1985 - 05:48 GMT - Launch Site: Baikonur. Launch Complex: LC31. Launch Pad: -. Launch Vehicle: Soyuz. Model: Molniya 8K78M. LV Configuration: Molniya 8K78M-SOL.
  • Intercosmos 23 Nation: USSR. Program: Intercosmos. Payload: SO-M s/n 510. Mass: 1,000 kg (2,200 lb). Class: Earth. Type: Magnetosphere. Spacecraft: Prognoz. Agency: MOM. Perigee: 5,975 km (3,712 mi). Apogee: 194,734 km (121,001 mi). Inclination: 76.80 deg. Period: 5,783.70 min. COSPAR: 1985-033A. USAF Sat Cat: 15661. Completed Operations Date: 1985-11-19. Decay Date: 1994-01-12.

    Magnetosphere and solar wind investigations. Prognoz-10-Intercosmos. Investigation of the structure of interplanetary and circumterrestrial shock waves generated by the interaction of the solar wind and the earth's magnetosphere. Carries scientific apparatus developed by scientists and specialists o f the USSR and the Czechoslovak Socialist Republic in the 'Intercosmos' programme of international cooperation in the exploration and peaceful uses of outer space.

1986 - Launch Site: Baikonur. Launch Complex: Jubilee. Launch Pad: -. 1986 -
  • Major nuclear accident at Soviet Union's Chernobyl power station alarms world Nation: USSR.

1988 - 01:57 GMT - Launch Site: Vandenberg. Launch Complex: SLC5. Launch Pad: -. Launch Vehicle: Scout. Model: Scout G. LV Configuration: Scout G-1 S211C.
  • Transit O-23 Nation: USA. Program: Transit. Mass: 64 kg (141 lb). Class: Navigation. Spacecraft: Transit. Agency: USN. Perigee: 1,016 km (631 mi). Apogee: 1,301 km (808 mi). Inclination: 90.40 deg. Period: 108.50 min. COSPAR: 1988-033A. USAF Sat Cat: 19070.

    Dual launch of operational Transits manufactured in the 1960's to replenish the constellation.

  • Transit O-32 Nation: USA. Program: Transit. Mass: 64 kg (141 lb). Class: Navigation. Spacecraft: Transit. Agency: USN. Perigee: 1,017 km (631 mi). Apogee: 1,298 km (806 mi). Inclination: 90.40 deg. Period: 108.50 min. COSPAR: 1988-033B. USAF Sat Cat: 19071.

1988 - 03:15 GMT - Launch Site: Baikonur. Launch Complex: LC200/39. Launch Pad: -. Launch Vehicle: Proton. Model: Proton-K/DM-2. LV Configuration: Proton-K/DM-2 332-01.
  • Cosmos 1940 Nation: USSR. Payload: SPRN No. 5. Mass: 2,000 kg (4,400 lb). Type: Weather. Spacecraft: Prognoz SPRN. Agency: MOM. Perigee: 35,590 km (22,110 mi). Apogee: 35,764 km (22,222 mi). Inclination: 9.00 deg. Period: 1,430.50 min. COSPAR: 1988-034A. USAF Sat Cat: 19073. Completed Operations Date: 1988-09-01.

    Given on Western lists as a geosynchronous ballistic missile early warning satellite. However not listed as such in Russian lists, and officially ...'conducted atmospheric, ocean studies. Investigation of the seas and oceans and the processes occurring in the earth's atmosphere'. So may have carried test instruments for second generation SPRN or had other purposes. Stationed initially at 12 deg E; Positioned in geosynchronous orbit at 24 deg W in 1988 As of 1 September 2001 located at 49.66 deg W drifting at 1.409 deg E per day. As of 2007 Mar 9 located at 70.52W drifting at 1.424E degrees per day.

1989 - 17:00 GMT - Launch Site: Plesetsk. Launch Complex: LC41/1. Launch Pad: -. Launch Vehicle: Soyuz. Model: Soyuz 11A511U.
  • Foton 5 Nation: USSR. Payload: Foton s/n 5L. Mass: 6,200 kg (13,600 lb). Class: Materials. Spacecraft: Foton. Agency: MOM. Perigee: 220 km (130 mi). Apogee: 377 km (234 mi). Inclination: 62.80 deg. Period: 90.50 min. COSPAR: 1989-032A. USAF Sat Cat: 19941. Duration: 14.35 days. Decay Date: 1989-05-11.

    234 orbits. Materials processing. Space materials research (production of enhanced performance semiconductors and especially pure biologically active substances in microgravity conditions). Jointly with France.

1990 - 01:37 GMT - Launch Site: Plesetsk. Launch Complex: -. Launch Pad: -. Launch Vehicle: Soyuz. Model: Molniya 8K78M. LV Configuration: Molniya 8K78M-ML.
  • Molniya 1-77 Nation: USSR. Program: Molniya. Payload: Molniya-1T. Mass: 1,600 kg (3,500 lb). Class: Communications. Spacecraft: Molniya-1T. Agency: MOM. Perigee: 724 km (449 mi). Apogee: 39,625 km (24,621 mi). Inclination: 64.40 deg. Period: 717.70 min. COSPAR: 1990-039A. USAF Sat Cat: 20583. Decay Date: 2005-02-25.

    Operation of the long-range telephone and telegraph radio communications system in the USSR; transmission of USSR Central Television programmes to stations in the Orbita network.

1991 - 20:29 GMT -
  • EVA Mir EO-8-4 Nation: USSR. Program: Mir. Class: Manned. Type: Space station. Spacecraft: Mir. Crew: Afanasyev, Manarov. Flight: Mir EO-8. EVA Duration: 0.15 days.

    Inspected Kurs docking system antenna.

1993 - 14:50 GMT - Launch Site: Cape Canaveral. Launch Complex: LC39A. Launch Pad: -. Launch Vehicle: Shuttle. LV Configuration: Space Shuttle STS-55.
  • STS-55 Nation: USA. Program: STS. Payload: Columbia F14/USS/Spacelab D-2 LM. Mass: 12,185 kg (26,863 lb). Class: Manned. Type: Spaceplane. Spacecraft: Columbia. Agency: NASA JSC. Perigee: 304 km (188 mi). Apogee: 312 km (193 mi). Inclination: 28.50 deg. Period: 90.70 min. COSPAR: 1993-027A. USAF Sat Cat: 22640. Duration: 9.99 days. Decay Date: 1993-05-06. Crew: Harris, Henricks, Nagel, Precourt, Ross, Schlegel, Walter. Flight: STS-55.

    Manned seven crew. Carried German Spacelab-D2. Payloads: Spacelab D-2 with long module, unique support structure (USS), and Reaction Kinetics in Glass Melts (RKGM) getaway special, Shuttle Amateur Radio Experiment (SAREX) II.

  • Spacelab D-2 LM Nation: USA. Program: Spacelab. Payload: Spacelab Long Module. Class: Manned. Type: Spacelab. Spacecraft: Spacelab. Agency: NASA. COSPAR: 1993-027xx.

  • USS Nation: USA. Program: STS. Agency: NASA. COSPAR: 1993-027xx.

1994 - 02:14 GMT - Launch Site: Plesetsk. Launch Complex: LC133/3. Launch Pad: -. Launch Vehicle: Kosmos 3. Model: Kosmos 11K65M.
  • Cosmos 2279 Nation: Russia. Mass: 825 kg (1,818 lb). Class: Navigation. Spacecraft: Parus. Agency: MO RF. Perigee: 956 km (594 mi). Apogee: 1,007 km (625 mi). Inclination: 83.00 deg. Period: 104.70 min. COSPAR: 1994-024A. USAF Sat Cat: 23092.

    Military navigation satellite. Positioned in plane 6 of constellation.

1998 -
  • Cassini Venus Flyby Nation: USA. Spacecraft: Cassini.

1999 - Launch Site: ETR Launch Area. Launch Complex: -. Launch Pad: -. Launch Vehicle: Trident. Model: Trident D-5. LV Configuration: Trident D-5 FCET-21.
  • 84? Nation: USA. Agency: USN. Apogee: 1,000 km (600 mi).

1999 - Launch Site: ETR Launch Area. Launch Complex: -. Launch Pad: -. Launch Vehicle: Trident. Model: Trident D-5. LV Configuration: Trident D-5 FCET-21.
  • Trident D-5 84? operational test launch Nation: USA. Agency: USN. Apogee: 1,000 km (600 mi).

2002 -
  • Starshine 2 Spacecraft Reenters Into Earth's Atmosphere Nation: USA. Spacecraft: Starshine.

2003 - Launch Site: Mojave. Launch Complex: -. Launch Pad: -. Launch Vehicle: Tier One.
  • White Knight Flight 22 Nation: USA. Program: X-Prize. Spacecraft: SpaceShipOne.

    Flight Time: 0.3 hours Pilot: Melvill Copilot: Binnie. Objectives: Airshow for the 'friends and family' unveiling Results: Good show for 1000+ guests. Broadcast media included CNN, ABC, PBS, Tech TV, Discovery & National Geographic TV.

2003 - 03:53 GMT - Launch Site: Baikonur. Launch Complex: LC1. Launch Pad: -. Launch Vehicle: Soyuz. Model: Soyuz FG. LV Configuration: Soyuz-FG ?15000-006.
  • Soyuz TMA-2 Nation: Russia. Program: ISS. Payload: Soyuz TMA s/n 212. Mass: 7,250 kg (15,980 lb). Class: Manned. Type: Spacecraft. Spacecraft: Soyuz TMA. Manufacturer: RKK Energia. Agency: Rosaviakosmos. Perigee: 386 km (239 mi). Apogee: 394 km (244 mi). Inclination: 51.60 deg. Period: 92.40 min. COSPAR: 2003-016A. USAF Sat Cat: 27781. Duration: 184.95 days. Decay Date: 2003-10-28. Crew: Malenchenko, Lu. Flight: ISS EO-7.

    Two-man Russian/American crew to provide minimal manning of space station while shuttle is grounded. Replaced three-man crew aboard ISS since before STS-107 disaster.

2004 -
  • Opportunity Mars Rover, End of Primary Mission Nation: USA. Spacecraft: MER.

2004 - 20:37 GMT - Launch Site: Baikonur. Launch Complex: LC200/39. Launch Pad: -. Launch Vehicle: Proton. Model: Proton-K/DM-2M. LV Configuration: Proton-K/DM-2M 410-06.
  • Ekspress AM-11 Nation: Russia. Mass: 2,542 kg (5,604 lb). Class: Communications. Spacecraft: Ekspress. Manufacturer: NPO Prikladnoy Mekhaniki, Alcatel. Agency: PO Kosmicheskaya Sviaz. Perigee: 35,786 km (22,236 mi). Apogee: 35,788 km (22,237 mi). Inclination: 0.10 deg. Period: 1,436.10 min. COSPAR: 2004-015A. USAF Sat Cat: 28234.

    Delayed from April 10. As of 2007 Mar 10 located at 79.96W drifting at 3.741W degrees per day.

2005 - 07:31 GMT - Launch Site: Kiritimati. Launch Complex: -. Launch Pad: 0.0 N x 154.0 W. Launch Vehicle: Zenit. Model: Zenit-3SL. LV Configuration: Zenit-3SL 15.
  • Spaceway 1 Nation: USA. Program: DirecTV. Mass: 6,080 kg (13,400 lb). Class: Communications. Spacecraft: HS 702. Manufacturer: Boeing Satellite Systems. Agency: DirecTV. Perigee: 35,785 km (22,235 mi). Apogee: 35,789 km (22,238 mi). Inclination: 0.00 deg. Period: 1,436.10 min. COSPAR: 2005-015A. USAF Sat Cat: 28644.

    Heaviest single payload to geosynchronous transfer orbit to that date. Carried 48 high-frequency Ka-band transponders for data transmission and television broadcasting. As of 2007 Mar 10 located at 102.80W drifting at 0.005W degrees per day.

2006 - 22:48 GMT - Launch Site: Taiyuan. Launch Complex: LC1. Launch Pad: -. Launch Vehicle: CZ. Model: CZ-4B. LV Configuration: Chang Zheng 4B CZ4B-9 (89).
  • Yaogan 1 Nation: China. Mass: 2,700 kg (5,900 lb). Class: Surveillance. Type: Military Radarsat. Spacecraft: Yaogan. Manufacturer: CASC?. Agency: CNSA?. Perigee: 627 km (389 mi). Apogee: 630 km (390 mi). Inclination: 97.80 deg. Period: 97.30 min. COSPAR: 2006-015A. USAF Sat Cat: 29092.

    Remote sensing satellite built by the Shanghai SAST Group. In reality it was the first Chinese synthetic aperture radar military surveillance satellite.

2008 - 22:16 GMT - Launch Site: Baikonur. Launch Vehicle: Soyuz. Model: Soyuz FG. LV Configuration: Soyuz-FG/Fregat.
  • GIOVE B Nation: Europe. Mass: 530 kg (1,160 lb). Class: Navigation. Spacecraft: Galileo Navsat. Perigee: 23,104 km (14,356 mi). Apogee: 23,244 km (14,443 mi). Inclination: 56.00 deg. Period: 842.60 min. COSPAR: 2008-020A. USAF Sat Cat: 32781.

    Second European Galileo navigation system test satellite. The booster placed the Giove/Fregat stack on a suborbital trajectory. The Fregat stage then burned to enter a a 170 km parking orbit. The stage burned at least twice more before releasing the satellite into its operational orbit.


Born on this day in:

Died on this day in:
  • 1976 - Andrei Antonovich Grechko.  Russian Military Officer.

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