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1935 - Launch Vehicle: Goddard. Model: Goddard A.

  • Flight of Goddard A series rocket Nation: USA. Apogee: 0.30 km (0.19 mi).

    Rocket was equipped with equaliser to prevent liquid-oxygen tank pressure from exceeding gasoline tank pressure, pendulum stabiliser, and 10-ft parachute; flame small and white; duration 12 sec; altitude about 1000 ft; then tilted to a horizontal powered flight at speed of over 700 mph; landed 11,000 ft from tower. Pendulum stabiliser as was expected gave an indication of operating the vanes for the first few hundred feet, but not thereafter.

1944 - Launch Site: Peenemuende. Launch Complex: GWO. Launch Pad: GWO?. Launch Vehicle: Wasserfall. LV Configuration: Wasserfall 3.
  • Test mission Nation: Germany. Agency: Wehrmacht. Apogee: 1.00 km (0.60 mi).

1951 - Launch Site: Holloman. Launch Complex: SLED. Launch Pad: -. Launch Vehicle: Snark. Model: MX-775.
  • Test mission Nation: USA. Agency: USAF. Apogee: 10 km (6 mi).

1954 - Launch Vehicle: Atlas. Model: Atlas A.
  • First public indication that Project Atlas exists Nation: USA.

1955 -
  • X-2 Flight 2 Nation: USA. Payload: X-2 # 1 flight 2. Class: Manned. Type: Rocketplane. Spacecraft: X-2 . Crew: Everest.

    Second glide flight. Propellant system check. Minor damage on landing.

1958 -
  • Chelomei's bureau acquires GSNII-642. Nation: USSR. Spacecraft: Kosmoplan.

    Ministry of Aviation Industry (MAP) Decree 293-140 'On subordinating GSNII-642 to OKB-52' was issued. On the same day Chelomei hired Nikita Khrushchev's son, Sergei, to work as an engineer in his design bureau. This gave Chelomei sudden and immediate access to the highest possible patron in the hierarchy. He was rewarded with his own design bureau, OKB-52, in 1959. This would lead to Chelomei being a key figure in the Soviet space program, even after Khruschev's ouster in 1964.

1959 -
  • Mercury abort test conducted at Wallops Island Nation: USA. Program: Mercury. Spacecraft: Mercury.

    An abort test was conducted at Wallops Island on a full-scale model of the spacecraft with the escape tower, using a Recruit escape rocket. The configuration did not perform as expected (erratic motion), and as a result, the Langley Research Center was requested to test small-scale flight models of the abort system to determine its motion in flight.

1960 - 13:10 GMT - Launch Site: Cape Canaveral. Launch Complex: LC11. Launch Pad: -. Launch Vehicle: Atlas. Model: Atlas D. LV Configuration: Atlas D 42D.
  • Research and development test Nation: USA. Agency: USAF. Apogee: 1,800 km (1,100 mi).

    First USAF Atlas R&D flight using all-inertial guidance system.

1960 - 18:00 GMT - Launch Site: Cape Canaveral. Launch Complex: LC16. Launch Pad: -. Launch Vehicle: Titan. Model: Titan 1. LV Configuration: Titan I C-1. FAILURE: Failure.
  • RVX-3 Re-entry Vehicle test Nation: USA. Agency: USAF. Apogee: 0 km ( mi).

1961 - 16:53 GMT - Launch Site: Eglin. Launch Complex: -. Launch Pad: -. Launch Vehicle: Aerobee. Model: Aerobee 300. LV Configuration: Aerobee 300 AA10.192.
  • Ne / RPA Ionosphere mission Nation: USA. Agency: USAF. Apogee: 400 km (240 mi).

1961 - 17:53 GMT - Launch Site: Eglin. Launch Complex: -. Launch Pad: -. Launch Vehicle: Astrobee. Model: Astrobee 1500. LV Configuration: Astrobee 1500 AE16.305.
  • Ionosphere mission Nation: USA. Agency: AFCRL. Apogee: 431 km (267 mi).

1962 -
  • Contract for the Apollo spacecraft fuel cell to Pratt & Whitney Nation: USA. Program: Apollo. Spacecraft: Apollo CSM.

    NAA awarded a development contract for the Apollo spacecraft fuel cell to Pratt & Whitney Aircraft Division of United Aircraft Corporation.

1962 - 15:24 GMT - Launch Site: Cape Canaveral. Launch Complex: LC31B. Launch Pad: -. Launch Vehicle: Minuteman 1. Model: Minuteman 1A. LV Configuration: Minuteman 1A 409.
  • Research and development launch Nation: USA. Agency: USAF. Apogee: 1,300 km (800 mi).

1963 -
  • Ustinov challenges Vostok plans Nation: USSR. Flight: Vostok 5, Vostok 6, Vostok 6A, Vostok 7, Vostok 8, Vostok 9, Vostok 10.

    Ustinov, Smirnov, and other industry leaders challenge the plan for dual female flights. They would send only one woman aloft in Vostok s/n 007. Vostok s/n 008 would be held as a reserve. If Vostok s/n 007 was successful, s/n 008 would be used for a simultaneous manned flight. Training was to be complete by 1 April. The Soviet Air Force was categorically against this sudden revision. There were four women that had completed advanced training and were ready for flight, while there were only three men in training for flights later in the year. It would be impossible to complete the training of the male cosmonauts in a few weeks. However the spacecraft would reach the end of their storage life by May-June 1963 and would have to be used by then.

1963 - 19:30 GMT - Launch Site: Wallops Island. Launch Complex: -. Launch Pad: -. Launch Vehicle: Apache. Model: Nike Apache. LV Configuration: Nike Apache NASA 14.107GI.
  • Ionosphere mission Nation: USA. Agency: NASA. Apogee: 155 km (96 mi).

1965 - Launch Vehicle: Saturn V.
  • No serious weight problems with the Apollo spacecraft Nation: USA. Program: Apollo. Spacecraft: Apollo LM.

    Missiles and Rockets reported a statement by Joseph F. Shea, ASPO manager, that MSC had no serious weight problems with the Apollo spacecraft. The current weight, he said, was 454 kg (1,000 lbs) under the 40,823 kg (90,000 lb) goal. Moreover, the increased payload of the Saturn V to 43,091 kg (95,000 lbs) permitted further increases. Shea admitted, however, that the LEM was growing; recent decisions in favor of safety and redundancy could raise the module's weight from 13,381 kg to 14,575 kg (29,500 lbs to 32,000 lbs).

1965 - Launch Vehicle: Titan. Model: Titan 2.
  • The Wet Mock Simulated Launch of Gemini-Titan 3 was successfully conducted. Nation: USA. Flight: Gemini 3.

    Countdown exercises were concluded on March 18 with the Simulated Flight Test.

1965 - Launch Site: Vandenberg. Launch Complex: LF07. Launch Pad: -. Launch Vehicle: Minuteman 1. Model: Minuteman 1B. LV Configuration: Minuteman 1B 1132.
  • Operational missile test Nation: USA. Agency: SAC 1STRAD. Apogee: 1,300 km (800 mi).

1965 - 15:35 GMT - Launch Site: Pacific Ocean. Launch Complex: -. Launch Pad: 0.0 N x 84.0 W. Launch Vehicle: Apache. Model: Nike Apache. LV Configuration: Nike Apache NASA 14.160GE.
  • B Field Plasma mission Nation: USA. Agency: NASA. Apogee: 151 km (93 mi).

    Launched at 1965 Croatan MRF Expedition LP2 - - Latitude: 0.01 N - Longitude: 84.00 W.

1965 - 17:48 GMT - Launch Site: Pacific Ocean. Launch Complex: -. Launch Pad: 0.0 N x 84.0 W. Launch Vehicle: Apache. Model: Nike Apache. LV Configuration: Nike Apache NASA 14.64UA.
  • UM Pitot 8 Aeronomy mission Nation: USA. Agency: NASA. Apogee: 141 km (87 mi).

    Launched at 1965 Croatan MRF Expedition LP2 - - Latitude: 0.01 N - Longitude: 84.00 W.

1966 -
  • Dual Apollo AS-207/208 mission planned Nation: USA. Program: Apollo. Spacecraft: Apollo CSM.

    Apollo Program Director Samuel C. Phillips notified the three manned space flight Centers that they were requested to plan for a dual AS-207/208 mission, assuming that launch would occur one month later than the 207 launch now scheduled.

1966 - Launch Site: Vandenberg. Launch Complex: LF02. Launch Pad: -. Launch Vehicle: Minuteman 1. Model: Minuteman 1B. LV Configuration: Minuteman 1B 1362.
  • Follow-on operational missile test Nation: USA. Agency: SAC 1STRAD. Apogee: 1,300 km (800 mi).

1966 - 07:42 GMT - Launch Site: White Sands. Launch Complex: LC35. Launch Pad: -. Launch Vehicle: Aerobee. Model: Aerobee 150. LV Configuration: Aerobee 150 NASA 04.148CG.
  • AS / E with ACS X-ray astronomy mission Nation: USA. Agency: NASA. Apogee: 165 km (102 mi).

1967 - Launch Vehicle: Saturn V.
  • Saturn V translunar payload 44,500 kilograms Nation: USA. Program: Apollo. Spacecraft: Apollo LM.

    NASA Associate Administrator for Manned Space Flight George E. Mueller stated that the February completion of MSFC studies of the Saturn V launch vehicle's payload and structural capability would permit an official revision of the payload from 43,100 kilograms to 44,500 kilograms; the CM weight would be revised from 5,000 to 5,400 kilograms; and the LM from 13,600 to 14,500.

1967 - 16:12 GMT - Launch Site: Cape Canaveral. Launch Complex: LC17A. Launch Pad: -. Launch Vehicle: Delta. Model: Thor Delta C. LV Configuration: Thor Delta C 431/D46.
  • OSO 3 Nation: USA. Payload: OSO E1. Mass: 281 kg (619 lb). Class: Solar. Spacecraft: OSO. Agency: NASA GSF. Perigee: 546 km (339 mi). Apogee: 570 km (350 mi). Inclination: 32.80 deg. Period: 95.80 min. COSPAR: 1967-020A. USAF Sat Cat: 2703. Decay Date: 1982-04-04.

    Orbiting Solar Observatory. Spacecraft engaged in research and exploration of the upper atmosphere or outer space (US Cat B).

1968 -
  • Flight readiness test for Apollo 6 Nation: USA. Program: Apollo.

    NASA technicians at KSC completed the flight readiness test for Apollo 6. The two-day event was delayed several days because of difficulties in modifying the service propulsion system tank skirt. With that significant launch-preparation event completed, program officials were reassessing the launch date in light of work remaining on the vehicle.

1968 - Launch Site: Biscarosse. Launch Complex: -. Launch Pad: -. Launch Vehicle: Stromboli. Model: Dauphin. LV Configuration: Dauphin DA003.
  • FU-168 A-cone test Nation: France. Agency: CNES. Apogee: 123 km (76 mi).

1969 - 03:18 GMT - Launch Site: Cape Parry. Launch Complex: -. Launch Pad: -. Launch Vehicle: Tomahawk Sandia. Model: Nike Tomahawk. LV Configuration: Nike Tomahawk NASA 18.84GE.
  • Magnetospheric mission Nation: USA. Agency: NASA. Apogee: 270 km (160 mi).

1969 - 09:00 GMT - Launch Site: Kheysa. Launch Complex: -. Launch Pad: -. Launch Vehicle: MR-12.
  • Aeronomy mission Nation: USSR. Agency: AN SSSR. Apogee: 173 km (107 mi).

1969 - 15:35 GMT - Launch Site: Kheysa. Launch Complex: -. Launch Pad: -. Launch Vehicle: MR-12.
  • Release? Aeronomy mission Nation: USSR. Agency: AN SSSR. Apogee: 173 km (107 mi).

1970 - 00:17 GMT - Launch Site: Andoya. Launch Complex: -. Launch Pad: -. Launch Vehicle: Tomahawk Sandia. Model: Nike Tomahawk. LV Configuration: Nike Tomahawk NASA 18.114IE.
  • Ferdinand 24 Aurora / ionosphere / plasma mission Nation: Norway. Agency: NTNF. Apogee: 215 km (133 mi).

1970 - 02:03 GMT - Launch Site: Andoya. Launch Complex: -. Launch Pad: -. Launch Vehicle: Black Brant. Model: Black Brant 5A.
  • DLR A-BBV-26 Inger Aeronomy / ionosphere / plasma mission Nation: Germany. Agency: DLR. Apogee: 161 km (100 mi).

1970 - 17:25 GMT - Launch Site: Wallops Island. Launch Complex: -. Launch Pad: -. Launch Vehicle: Apache. Model: Nike Apache. LV Configuration: Nike Apache NASA 14.430UM.
  • UM Pitot 47 Aeronomy mission Nation: USA. Agency: NASA. Apogee: 167 km (103 mi).

1971 - 11:38 GMT - Launch Site: Poker Flat. Launch Complex: -. Launch Pad: -. Launch Vehicle: Tomahawk Sandia. Model: Terrier Tomahawk. FAILURE: Failure.
  • Caribou V Aurora ultraviolet mission Nation: USA. Agency: Sandia. Apogee: 0 km ( mi).

1972 - 10:32 GMT - Launch Site: Natal. Launch Complex: -. Launch Pad: -. Launch Vehicle: Black Brant. Model: Black Brant 5C. LV Configuration: Black Brant VC N-BB/V-41.
  • DLR N-BBV-41 Aeronomy / ionosphere mission Nation: Germany. Agency: DLR. Apogee: 223 km (138 mi).

1972 - 21:10 GMT - Launch Site: Kheysa. Launch Complex: -. Launch Pad: -. Launch Vehicle: MR-12.
  • Aeronomy/Chemical release mission Nation: USSR. Apogee: 169 km (105 mi).

1973 - 18:00 GMT - Launch Site: White Sands. Launch Complex: -. Launch Pad: -. Launch Vehicle: Aerobee. Model: Aerobee 170. LV Configuration: Aerobee 170 NASA 13.29CS.
  • Solar mission Nation: USA. Agency: NASA. Apogee: 170 km (100 mi).

1975 - Launch Site: White Sands. Launch Complex: -. Launch Pad: -. Launch Vehicle: Aerobee. Model: Aerobee 200A. LV Configuration: Aerobee 200A NASA 26.32UG.
  • Astronomy mission Nation: USA. Agency: NASA. Apogee: 250 km (150 mi).

1976 - 22:56 GMT - Launch Site: Kheysa. Launch Complex: -. Launch Pad: -. Launch Vehicle: MR-12.
  • Aeronomy/Ionosphere/Chemical release/Plasma mission Nation: USSR. Apogee: 150 km (90 mi).

1977 -
  • Discovery of Uranus' Rings Nation: USA.

1977 - 04:01 GMT - Launch Site: Fort Churchill. Launch Complex: -. Launch Pad: -. Launch Vehicle: Black Brant. Model: Black Brant 4B. LV Configuration: Black Brant IVB AAF-4B-34.
  • Pitch angles Test / aurora / ionosphere mission Nation: Canada. Agency: NRCC. Apogee: 700 km (430 mi).

1978 - 04:00 GMT - Launch Site: White Sands. Launch Complex: -. Launch Pad: -. Launch Vehicle: Astrobee. Model: Astrobee F. LV Configuration: Astrobee F NASA 25.23UH.
  • Wolter I X-ray astronomy mission Nation: USA. Agency: NASA. Apogee: 190 km (110 mi).

1979 - Launch Site: Edwards. Launch Complex: -. Launch Pad: -.
  • Columbia (OV-102) transported overland to Edwards. Nation: USA. Program: STS. Class: Manned. Type: Spaceplane. Spacecraft: Columbia.

    Columbia (OV-102) transported overland from Palmdale to Edwards (38 miles)

1981 - 16:00 GMT - Launch Site: Fort Churchill. Launch Complex: -. Launch Pad: -. Launch Vehicle: Hawk. Model: Nike Orion. LV Configuration: Nike Orion NASA 31.07UL.
  • CWAS 1 Aeronomy mission Nation: USA. Agency: NASA. Apogee: 140 km (80 mi).

1983 - 16:35 GMT - Launch Site: Punta Lobos. Launch Complex: -. Launch Pad: -. Launch Vehicle: Hawk. Model: Nike Orion. LV Configuration: Nike Orion NASA 31.26GE.
  • Project Condor Plasma mission Nation: USA. Agency: NASA. Apogee: 140 km (80 mi).

1986 -
  • Susei, Comet Halley Flyby Nation: Japan.

1989 - Launch Site: Biscarosse. Launch Complex: -. Launch Pad: -. Launch Vehicle: Hades.
  • Test mission Nation: France. Agency: DGA. Apogee: 150 km (90 mi).

1990 - Launch Site: Vandenberg. Launch Complex: LF05. Launch Pad: -. Launch Vehicle: Peacekeeper. LV Configuration: Peacekeeper 02PA.
  • Operational test Nation: USA. Agency: USAF SAC. Apogee: 1,000 km (600 mi).

1991 - 12:03 GMT - Launch Site: Vandenberg. Launch Complex: SLC4E. Launch Pad: -. Launch Vehicle: Titan. Model: Titan 403A. LV Configuration: Titan 403A K-5 (45F-1).
  • USA 69 Nation: USA. Payload: Lacrosse 2. Class: Surveillance. Type: Radarsat. Spacecraft: Lacrosse. Manufacturer: Lockheed Martin Astronautics, Denver (formerly Martin). Agency: NRO/CIA. Perigee: 420 km (260 mi). Apogee: 662 km (411 mi). Inclination: 68.00 deg. Period: 95.50 min. COSPAR: 1991-017A. USAF Sat Cat: 21147.

    Still operating December 1997. First West Coast launch of a Titan 4.

1991 - 23:03 GMT - Launch Site: Cape Canaveral. Launch Complex: LC17B. Launch Pad: -. Launch Vehicle: Delta. Model: Delta 6925. LV Configuration: Delta 6925 D203.
  • Inmarsat 2 F2 Nation: International. Program: Inmarsat. Mass: 1,385 kg (3,053 lb). Class: Communications. Spacecraft: Eurostar 1000. Manufacturer: Matra Marconi Space-France, Toulouse. Agency: Inmarsat. Perigee: 35,780 km (22,230 mi). Apogee: 35,793 km (22,240 mi). Inclination: 2.20 deg. Period: 1,436.10 min. COSPAR: 1991-018A. USAF Sat Cat: 21149.

    Mobile and maritime communications; 15.5 deg W. Positioned in geosynchronous orbit at 15 deg W in 1991-1996; 55 deg W in 1997-1999; DRIFT As of 6 September 2001 located at 97.95 deg W drifting at 0.002 deg W per day. As of 2007 Mar 11 located at 97.96W drifting at 0.006W degrees per day.

1993 - 00:15 GMT - Launch Site: White Sands. Launch Complex: -. Launch Pad: -. Launch Vehicle: Hawk. Model: Nike Orion. LV Configuration: Nike Orion NASA 31.97UU.
  • CWAS 29 Aeronomy mission Nation: USA. Agency: NASA. Apogee: 140 km (80 mi).

1994 - 03:50 GMT - Launch Site: Vandenberg. Launch Complex: LF05. Launch Pad: -. Launch Vehicle: Peacekeeper. LV Configuration: Peacekeeper 14PA.
  • Operational test Nation: USA. Agency: USAF AFSPC. Apogee: 1,000 km (600 mi).

1997 - 06:01 GMT - Launch Site: Cape Canaveral. Launch Complex: LC36A. Launch Pad: -. Launch Vehicle: Atlas. Model: Atlas IIA. LV Configuration: Atlas IIA AC-128.
  • Tempo 2 Nation: USA. Program: Tempo. Class: Communications. Spacecraft: FS-1300. Manufacturer: Space Systems/Loral, Palo Alto. Agency: TCI. Perigee: 35,781 km (22,233 mi). Apogee: 35,792 km (22,240 mi). Inclination: 0.00 deg. Period: 1,436.10 min. COSPAR: 1997-011A. USAF Sat Cat: 24748.

    Geosynchronous. Stationed over 118.7W Launch vehicle put payload into subsynchronous earth orbit with MRS trajectory option. Positioned in geosynchronous orbit at 119 deg W in 1997-1999 As of 5 September 2001 located at 118.82 deg W drifting at 0.001 deg W per day. As of 2007 Mar 10 located at 42.64E drifting at 4.479W degrees per day.

2000 - 09:40 GMT - Launch Site: Vandenberg. Launch Complex: LF05. Launch Pad: -. Launch Vehicle: Peacekeeper. LV Configuration: Peacekeeper 29PA.
  • 8 RVs operational test launch Nation: USA. Agency: USAF 576FTS. Apogee: 1,000 km (600 mi).

2001 - Launch Site: Kourou. Launch Complex: ELA3. Launch Pad: -. Launch Vehicle: Ariane 5. Model: Ariane 5G. LV Configuration: Ariane 5G V140 (509).
  • Eurobird Nation: Europe. Payload: Eutelsat W1R. Mass: 3,050 kg (6,720 lb). Class: Communications. Spacecraft: Spacebus 3000. Manufacturer: Alcatel Space. Agency: Eutelsat. Perigee: 35,773 km (22,228 mi). Apogee: 35,798 km (22,243 mi). Inclination: 0.00 deg. Period: 1,436.00 min. COSPAR: 2001-011A. USAF Sat Cat: 26719.

    Launch delayed from March 2. Eurobird was a Spacebus 3000B3 built by Alcatel (Cannes). It was the 18th member of the European Eutelsat consortium's geosynchronous constellation and carried 24 Ku-band transponders to provide broad bandwidth and high power direct-to-home transmissions to enable digital entertainment and internet connections. The three tonne (with fuel) satellite was to be parked over 28.5 deg-E longitude, replacing the aging Copernicus (Kopernikus (DFS 3), 1992-066A). Dry mass was probably around 1300 kg. The satellite had an Astrium S400 bipropellant engine. Positioned in geosynchronous orbit at 28 deg E in 2001 As of 4 September 2001 located at 28.50 deg E drifting at 0.005 deg W per day. As of 2007 Mar 11 located at 28.52E drifting at 0.000W degrees per day.

  • BSAT-2a Nation: Japan. Program: BSAT. Mass: 3,050 kg (6,720 lb). Class: Communications. Spacecraft: Star bus. Manufacturer: Alcatel Space. Agency: BSAT. Perigee: 35,764 km (22,222 mi). Apogee: 35,807 km (22,249 mi). Inclination: 0.10 deg. Period: 1,436.10 min. COSPAR: 2001-011B. USAF Sat Cat: 26720.

    BSAT-2a was a Japanese geosynchronous communications spacecraft and the second Orbital STAR-class television broadcasting satellite. Its launch mass was 1317 kg; dry mass was 535 kg. The satellite had a Thiokol Star 30CBP solid apogee motor. The new BSTAR STAR-class satellites are a new design replacing the earlier Starbus type satellite of which only one (Cakrawarta 1) was launched. BSAT Corp. (Broadcasting Satellite System Corp.) earlier launched HS-376 satellites BSAT 1a and 1b, replacing the government's BS series which began Japanese direct broadcast services in 1978. The satellite was to be parked over 110 deg-E longitude to provide direct-to-home voice, video and internet communications. Positioned in geosynchronous orbit at 110 deg E in 2001 As of 5 September 2001 located at 109.82 deg E drifting at 0.018 deg W per day. As of 2007 Mar 11 located at 109.92E drifting at 0.009W degrees per day.

2001 - 11:42 GMT - Launch Site: Cape Canaveral. Launch Complex: LC39B. Launch Pad: -. Launch Vehicle: Shuttle. LV Configuration: Space Shuttle STS-102.
  • STS-102 Nation: USA. Program: ISS. Payload: Discovery F29. Class: Manned. Type: Spaceplane. Spacecraft: Discovery. Manufacturer: Boeing. Agency: NASA JSC. Perigee: 370 km (220 mi). Apogee: 381 km (236 mi). Inclination: 51.50 deg. Period: 92.06 min. COSPAR: 2001-010A. USAF Sat Cat: 26718. Duration: 12.83 days. Decay Date: 2001-03-21. Crew: Wetherbee, Kelly, Voss, Helms, Thomas Andrew, Richards Paul, Usachyov. Flight: STS-102, ISS EO-2.

    STS 102 was an American shuttle spacecraft that carried a crew of seven astronauts (six American and one Russian). The primary mission was to deliver a multi-rack Italian container (Leonardo MultiPurpose Logistics Module, LMPLM) to the Destiny Module of the International Space Station, ISS. It docked with the ISS at 05:34 UT on 9 March. The 6.4 m x 4.6 m cylindrical LMPLM delivered new equipment to Destiny, and retrieved used/unwanted equipment, and trash back to the shuttle. The crew did a few spacewalks to install a platform on the ISS to support a Canadian robot arm when it arrives next month. The STS 102 left behind three of the astronauts (two American and one Russian) and brought back the three astronauts (one American and two Russian) who had been inhabiting the ISS for about four and a half months. It landed at Cape Canaveral at 07:31 UT on 21 March.

    Discovery was launched on mission STS-102 (Space Station flight 5A.1) into an initial 60 x 222 km x 51.6 deg orbit. The mission was delivery of supplies and equipment, and changeout of the Expedition One and Expedition Two station crews. STS-102 carried the Leonardo Multi Purpose Logistics Module (MPLM), built by Alenia Spazio (Torino), to the International Space Station. The 6.4 m x 4.6 m cylindrical MPLM was a descendant of the Spacelab long modules. Also carried was a Spacehab/Energia unpressurized Integrated Cargo Carrier with LCA/MTSAS-A, RU, and PFCS. A sidewall adapter beam with two GAS canisters (G-783 and WSVFM) was also on board. WSVFM measured vibration during launch. Another adapter beam, probably at the rear of the payload bay, carried SEM-9. SEM-9 and G-783 contained high school microgravity experiments.

    Leonardo carried 16 'racks' of equipment, including the Human Research Facility Rack (Rack 13) which allowed the astronauts to do extensive medical experiments, the CHeCS Rack (28), the DDCU-1 and DDCU-2 racks (7 and 9), the Avionics-3 (Rack 6), and the MSS Avionics/Lab (Rack 11) and Avionics/Cupola (Rack 12) racks for a total of 7 equipment racks to be installed on Destiny. Three Resupply Stowage Racks (50, 51, 52) and four Resupply Stowage Platforms (180, 181, 182 and 188) remained installed on Leonardo, with their equipment bags being individually transferred to the Station. System Racks 2, 3, 4, 5 and 8 were already on Destiny together with stowage racks 110 through 117. Each rack had a mass of 150-300 kg.

    The orbiter fired its OMS engines at 1221 GMT to raise the orbit to 185 x 219 km. Discovery docked with the PMA-2 port on the Station at 0639 GMT on March 10. The LCA (Lab Cradle Assembly) was attached to Destiny's +Z side during an EVA. It was to be used on the next mission to temporarily place a Spacelab pallet on Destiny during installation of the Station's robot arm. Later, it would be the site for the main Station truss, beginning with segment S0.

    The PMA-3, on Unity at the -Z nadir position, had to be moved to the port position to make room for Leonardo. An external stowage platform was attached to Destiny and the External Stowage Platform and the PFCS Pump Flow Control System were added to the port aft trunnion on Destiny. A rigid umbilical (RU) was connected to the PDGF grapple fixture on Destiny to support the Station's future robot arm. Leonardo was docked to Unity at -Z for a while so that its cargo could be transferred to the station easily; it was then be returned to the payload bay and brought back to earth.

    At 0232 GMT on March 19 command of ISS was transferred to Expedition 2 and the hatches were closed. Discovery undocked at 0432 GMT and flew once around the station before departing at 0548 GMT. ISS mass after undocking was 115527 kg. The OMS engines fired for the deorbit burn at 0625 GMT on March 21, and Discovery touched down on runway 15 at Kennedy Space Center at 0731 GMT.

2002 - 08:46 GMT -
  • EVA STS-109-5 Nation: USA. Program: ISS. Spacecraft: Discovery, HST. Crew: Grunsfeld, Linnehan. Flight: STS-109. EVA Duration: 0.31 days.

    The EVA ran from 0841 to 1606 UTC. The astronauts installed the NICMOS cooling system (NCS). During preparations for EVA-3, a problem with a valve on Grunsfeld's suit caused it to leak water, and Grunsfeld switched to Newman's suit. For each of EVA-3,4,5 the appropriate size legs and arms were replaced on the same basic HUT (Hard Upper Torso)/PLSS (Primary Life Support System) combination.

2002 - 22:59 GMT - Launch Site: Cape Canaveral. Launch Complex: LC36A. Launch Pad: SLC36A. Launch Vehicle: Atlas. Model: Atlas IIA. LV Configuration: Atlas IIA AC-143.
  • TDRS 9 Nation: USA. Program: STS. Payload: TDRS-I. Mass: 3,192 kg (7,037 lb). Class: Communications. Spacecraft: HS 601. Manufacturer: Boeing Satellite Systems. Agency: NASA GSF. Perigee: 35,758 km (22,218 mi). Apogee: 35,811 km (22,251 mi). Inclination: 8.30 deg. Period: 1,436.00 min. COSPAR: 2002-011A. USAF Sat Cat: 27389.

    Launch delayed from October 31, November 13 and 26, 2001 and February 6 due to contract dispute with Boeing over performance of earlier satellites of the series. The Centaur upper stage entered a 167 x 578 km parking orbit and then placed the payload into a 247 x 29135 km x 27.1 deg subsynchronous transfer orbit. NASA's TDRS-I (TDRS-9) data relay satellite used a Boeing BSS-601 bus and was to provide S, Ku and Ka band communications for the Shuttle and International Space Station. After launch a problem developed with the fuel supply from one of the satellite's four propellant tanks. The tanks were paired, so losing one tank cuts the propellant supply in half. A test burn of the General Dynamics R-4D apogee motor raised the orbit to 433 x 29146 km x 26.4 deg on March 11 and a larger perigee burn raised the apogee to geostationary altitude, 429 x 35800 km, on March 13. A further burn on March 19, raised the orbit to 3521 x 35789 km and lowered the inclination to 21.4 deg. A burn on March 25 raised the orbit further to 8383 x 35811 km and lowered inclination to 17.4 deg. As of 2007 Mar 11 located at 62.04W drifting at 0.008W degrees per day.

2004 - Launch Site: Mojave. Launch Complex: -. Launch Pad: -. Launch Vehicle: Tier One.
  • White Knight Flight 48 Nation: USA. Program: X-Prize. Spacecraft: SpaceShipOne.

    Flight Time: 1.4 Hours. White Knight Pilot: Binnie. White Knight Copilot: Stinemetz. Objectives: SpaceShipOne flight 12G launch release rehearsal and avionics software evaluation

2005 -
  • Messenger, Magnetometer Deployment, Successful Nation: USA. Spacecraft: Messenger.

2006 - 08:45 GMT - Launch Site: Barking Sands. Launch Complex: POA. Launch Pad: -. Launch Vehicle: Standard-ER. Model: Standard SM-3. LV Configuration: SM-3 JCTV-1.
  • Japanese RV Nation: USA. Agency: USN. Apogee: 150 km (90 mi).


Born on this day in:
  • 1943 - Peter Hervey Longhurst.  British Payload Specialist Astronaut. Birth City: Staines, Middlesex. Birth Country: UK.

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